The canine gut microbiome plays a vital role in overall health and well-being by regulating various physiological functions,including digestion,immune responses,energy metabolism,and even behavior and temperament.As s...The canine gut microbiome plays a vital role in overall health and well-being by regulating various physiological functions,including digestion,immune responses,energy metabolism,and even behavior and temperament.As such,a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and functional roles of the canine gut microbiome is crucial for maintaining optimal health and well-being.In healthy dogs,the gut microbiome typically consists of a diverse array of bacterial phyla,including Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Fusobacteria,and Proteobacteria.These microbial communities form a complex ecosystem that interacts with the host to support canine health and homeostasis.A well-balanced microbiome,known as eubiosis,represents an optimized microbial composition that enhances host health and metabolic functions.Eubiosis is shaped by interactions between host physiology and environmental factors.However,dysbiosis,a disruption of eubiosis,can contribute to various health issues,such as weight fluctuations,metabolic disorders,and behavioral changes.Maintaining eubiosis in the canine gut microbiome requires customized management strategies that consider both physiological traits and environmental influences.In this review,we explored the structure and function of the canine gut microbiome,with particular emphasis on its role in health and the key factors that influence and support its maintenance.展开更多
Background: Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performa...Background: Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performance. However,limited information is available regarding the composition and function of the gut microbiome of piglets in early-life.Therefore, we performed 16 S rRNA gene and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of DNA from fecal samples from healthy piglets during weaning to measure microbiome shifts, and to identify the potential contribution of the early-life microbiota in shaping piglet health with a focus on microbial stress responses, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.Results: The analysis of 16 S rR NA genes and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing revealed significant compositional and functional differences between the fecal microbiome in nursing and weaned piglets. The fecal microbiome of the nursing piglets showed higher relative abundance of bacteria in the genus Bacteroides with abundant gene families related to the utilization of lactose and galactose. Prevotel a and Lactobacil us were enriched in weaned piglets with an enrichment for the gene families associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In addition, an analysis of the functional capacity of the fecal microbiome showed higher abundances of genes associated with heat shock and oxidative stress in the metagenome of weaned piglets compared to nursing piglets.Conclusions: Overal, our data show that microbial shifts and changes in functional capacities of the piglet fecal microbiome resulted in potential reductions in the effects of stress, including dietary changes that occur during weaning.These results provide us with new insights into the piglet gut microbiome that contributes to the growth of the animal.展开更多
Background:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of each phytogenic feed additive(PFA;PFA1,bitter citrus extract;PFA2,a microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol;PFA3,a mixture of bitter citrus ext...Background:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of each phytogenic feed additive(PFA;PFA1,bitter citrus extract;PFA2,a microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol;PFA3,a mixture of bitter citrus extract,thymol,and carvacrol;PFA4,a premixture of grape seed,grape marc extract,green tea,and hops;PFA5,fenugreek seed powder)on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and immune response in weaned pigs infected with Escherichia coli(E.coli).Results:A total of 634-week-old weaned pigs were placed in individual metabolic cages and assigned to seven treatment groups.The seven treatments were as follows:1)NC;basal diet without E.coli challenge,2)PC;basal diet with E.coli challenge,3)T1;PC+0.04%PFA1,4)T2;PC+0.01%PFA2,5)T3;PC+0.10%PFA3,6)T4;PC+0.04%PFA4,7)T5;PC+0.10%PFA5.The experiments lasted in 21 d,including 7 d before and 14 d after the first E.coli challenge.In the E.coli challenge treatments,all pigs were orally inoculated by dividing a total of 10 mL of E.coli F18 for 3 consecutive days.The PFA-added groups significantly increased(P<0.05)average daily gain and feed efficiency and decreased(P<0.05)the fecal score at d 0 to 14 post-inoculation(PI).Tumor necrosis factorαwas significantly lower(P<0.05)in the PFA-added groups except for T1 in d 14 PI compared to the PC treatment.The T3 had a higher(P<0.05)immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A concentration compared to the PC treatment at d 7 PI.Also,T3 showed significantly higher(P<0.05)villus height:crypt depth and claudin 1 expression in ileal mucosa,and significantly downregulated(P<0.05)the expression of calprotectin compared to the PC treatment.Conclusions:Supplementation of PFA in weaned pigs challenged with E.coli alleviated the negative effects of E.coli and improved growth performance.Among them,the mixed additive of bitter citrus extract,thymol,and carvacrol showed the most effective results,improving immune response,intestinal morphology,and expression of tight junctions.展开更多
In this study,Tteokgalbi,a meat product,was prepared with edible insect larvae extracts and its antioxidant,physiochemical,and microbial properties were evaluated during refrigerated storage.Tteokgalbi prepared with 2...In this study,Tteokgalbi,a meat product,was prepared with edible insect larvae extracts and its antioxidant,physiochemical,and microbial properties were evaluated during refrigerated storage.Tteokgalbi prepared with 2%A.dichotoma and 2%P.brevitarsis showed the highest radical-scavenging activity and metal-chelating activity,but the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)value,among the treatments(P<0.05).In addition,those antioxidant activities were the lowest and the TBARS value was the highest in control Tteokgalbi(P<0.05)during all storage days.Tteokgalbi prepared with 2%A.dichotoma showed the highest brownness index,pH,and cooking yield,but the lowest shear force value(P<0.05).During all storage days,the total aerobic bacteria level did not differ significantly among the treatments.In conclusion,A.dichotoma extracts(2%)were effective as antioxidants,inhibiting lipid oxidation,and improving the quality properties of Tteokgalbi,without negatively affecting microbial counts.These results confirmed that the edible insect extracts have industrial value as a food additive.展开更多
基金the support of"Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science and Technology Development(Project No.RS-2023-00230754)"Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea.
文摘The canine gut microbiome plays a vital role in overall health and well-being by regulating various physiological functions,including digestion,immune responses,energy metabolism,and even behavior and temperament.As such,a comprehensive understanding of the diversity and functional roles of the canine gut microbiome is crucial for maintaining optimal health and well-being.In healthy dogs,the gut microbiome typically consists of a diverse array of bacterial phyla,including Firmicutes,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Fusobacteria,and Proteobacteria.These microbial communities form a complex ecosystem that interacts with the host to support canine health and homeostasis.A well-balanced microbiome,known as eubiosis,represents an optimized microbial composition that enhances host health and metabolic functions.Eubiosis is shaped by interactions between host physiology and environmental factors.However,dysbiosis,a disruption of eubiosis,can contribute to various health issues,such as weight fluctuations,metabolic disorders,and behavioral changes.Maintaining eubiosis in the canine gut microbiome requires customized management strategies that consider both physiological traits and environmental influences.In this review,we explored the structure and function of the canine gut microbiome,with particular emphasis on its role in health and the key factors that influence and support its maintenance.
基金supported by the fund(Project No.PJ012615)Rural Development Administration,Republic of Korea
文摘Background: Understanding the composition of the microbial community and its functional capacity during weaning is important for pig production as bacteria play important roles in the pig’s health and growth performance. However,limited information is available regarding the composition and function of the gut microbiome of piglets in early-life.Therefore, we performed 16 S rRNA gene and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing of DNA from fecal samples from healthy piglets during weaning to measure microbiome shifts, and to identify the potential contribution of the early-life microbiota in shaping piglet health with a focus on microbial stress responses, carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.Results: The analysis of 16 S rR NA genes and whole metagenome shotgun sequencing revealed significant compositional and functional differences between the fecal microbiome in nursing and weaned piglets. The fecal microbiome of the nursing piglets showed higher relative abundance of bacteria in the genus Bacteroides with abundant gene families related to the utilization of lactose and galactose. Prevotel a and Lactobacil us were enriched in weaned piglets with an enrichment for the gene families associated with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. In addition, an analysis of the functional capacity of the fecal microbiome showed higher abundances of genes associated with heat shock and oxidative stress in the metagenome of weaned piglets compared to nursing piglets.Conclusions: Overal, our data show that microbial shifts and changes in functional capacities of the piglet fecal microbiome resulted in potential reductions in the effects of stress, including dietary changes that occur during weaning.These results provide us with new insights into the piglet gut microbiome that contributes to the growth of the animal.
基金carried out with the support of“Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science&Technology Development(Project No.PJ01622001)”Rural Development Administration,Korea。
文摘Background:This study was conducted to investigate the effects of each phytogenic feed additive(PFA;PFA1,bitter citrus extract;PFA2,a microencapsulated blend of thymol and carvacrol;PFA3,a mixture of bitter citrus extract,thymol,and carvacrol;PFA4,a premixture of grape seed,grape marc extract,green tea,and hops;PFA5,fenugreek seed powder)on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,intestinal morphology,and immune response in weaned pigs infected with Escherichia coli(E.coli).Results:A total of 634-week-old weaned pigs were placed in individual metabolic cages and assigned to seven treatment groups.The seven treatments were as follows:1)NC;basal diet without E.coli challenge,2)PC;basal diet with E.coli challenge,3)T1;PC+0.04%PFA1,4)T2;PC+0.01%PFA2,5)T3;PC+0.10%PFA3,6)T4;PC+0.04%PFA4,7)T5;PC+0.10%PFA5.The experiments lasted in 21 d,including 7 d before and 14 d after the first E.coli challenge.In the E.coli challenge treatments,all pigs were orally inoculated by dividing a total of 10 mL of E.coli F18 for 3 consecutive days.The PFA-added groups significantly increased(P<0.05)average daily gain and feed efficiency and decreased(P<0.05)the fecal score at d 0 to 14 post-inoculation(PI).Tumor necrosis factorαwas significantly lower(P<0.05)in the PFA-added groups except for T1 in d 14 PI compared to the PC treatment.The T3 had a higher(P<0.05)immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A concentration compared to the PC treatment at d 7 PI.Also,T3 showed significantly higher(P<0.05)villus height:crypt depth and claudin 1 expression in ileal mucosa,and significantly downregulated(P<0.05)the expression of calprotectin compared to the PC treatment.Conclusions:Supplementation of PFA in weaned pigs challenged with E.coli alleviated the negative effects of E.coli and improved growth performance.Among them,the mixed additive of bitter citrus extract,thymol,and carvacrol showed the most effective results,improving immune response,intestinal morphology,and expression of tight junctions.
基金This research was supported by the Main Research Program(E0211200-02)of the Korea Food Research Institute,funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT,Republic of Korea.
文摘In this study,Tteokgalbi,a meat product,was prepared with edible insect larvae extracts and its antioxidant,physiochemical,and microbial properties were evaluated during refrigerated storage.Tteokgalbi prepared with 2%A.dichotoma and 2%P.brevitarsis showed the highest radical-scavenging activity and metal-chelating activity,but the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substance(TBARS)value,among the treatments(P<0.05).In addition,those antioxidant activities were the lowest and the TBARS value was the highest in control Tteokgalbi(P<0.05)during all storage days.Tteokgalbi prepared with 2%A.dichotoma showed the highest brownness index,pH,and cooking yield,but the lowest shear force value(P<0.05).During all storage days,the total aerobic bacteria level did not differ significantly among the treatments.In conclusion,A.dichotoma extracts(2%)were effective as antioxidants,inhibiting lipid oxidation,and improving the quality properties of Tteokgalbi,without negatively affecting microbial counts.These results confirmed that the edible insect extracts have industrial value as a food additive.
