This paper presents the calibration of Omori’s aftershock occurrence rate model for Turkey and the resulting likelihoods.Aftershock occurrence rate models are used for estimating the probability of an aftershock that...This paper presents the calibration of Omori’s aftershock occurrence rate model for Turkey and the resulting likelihoods.Aftershock occurrence rate models are used for estimating the probability of an aftershock that exceeds a specific magnitude threshold within a time interval after the mainshock.Critical decisions on the post-earthquake safety of structures directly depend on the aftershock hazard estimated using the occurrence model.It is customary to calibrate models in a region-specific manner.These models depend on rate parameters(a,b,c and p)related to the seismicity characteristics of the investigated region.In this study,the available well-recorded aftershock sequences for a set of Mw≥5.9 mainshock events that were observed in Turkey until 2012 are considered to develop the aftershock occurrence model.Mean estimates of the model parameters identified for Turkey are a=-1.90,b=1.11,c=0.05 and p=1.20.Based on the developed model,aftershock likelihoods are computed for a range of different time intervals and mainshock magnitudes.Also,the sensitivity of aftershock probabilities to the model parameters is investigated.Aftershock occurrence probabilities estimated using the model are expected to be useful for post-earthquake safety evaluations in Turkey.展开更多
The October 23, 2011 M7.2 Tabanli - Van and November 9, 2011 M5.2 Edremit - Van earthquakes caused damage in a widespread area across the Van province in Turkey. The ground motions, the damage caused by these earthqua...The October 23, 2011 M7.2 Tabanli - Van and November 9, 2011 M5.2 Edremit - Van earthquakes caused damage in a widespread area across the Van province in Turkey. The ground motions, the damage caused by these earthquakes and the recent progress related to recovery efforts are presented herein. First, the key properties of the recorded strong ground motions like spectral amplitudes and directionality are evaluated. The observed damage in the affected reinforced concrete and masonry structures are discussed. The set of common structural damage mechanisms （i.e., soft story failure, torsional response due to plan irregularity, short column failure, pull out failure, pounding） observed in the damaged buildings were identified. The relationship between the key structural properties and the extent of damage is investigated. The primary loss drivers across the region were identified to be the poor quality of workmanship and improper use of building materials. The results from the investigation suggest that a large portion of the loss could have been prevented if sufficient attention and care were given to the implementation of the design regulations and in particular to the construction practice. Lastly, the recent progress in the ongoing rebuildin~ activities is presented.展开更多
Currently,the sentiment analysis research in the Malaysian context lacks in terms of the availability of the sentiment lexicon.Thus,this issue is addressed in this paper in order to enhance the accuracy of sentiment a...Currently,the sentiment analysis research in the Malaysian context lacks in terms of the availability of the sentiment lexicon.Thus,this issue is addressed in this paper in order to enhance the accuracy of sentiment analysis.In this study,a new lexicon for sentiment analysis is constructed.A detailed review of existing approaches has been conducted,and a new bilingual sentiment lexicon known as MELex(Malay-English Lexicon)has been generated.Constructing MELex involves three activities:seed words selection,polarity assignment,and synonym expansions.Our approach differs from previous works in that MELex can analyze text for the two most widely used languages in Malaysia,Malay,and English,with the accuracy achieved,is 90%.It is evaluated based on the experimentation and case study approaches where the affordable housing projects in Malaysia are selected as case projects.This finding has given an implication on the ability of MELex to analyze public sentiments in the Malaysian context.The novel aspects of this paper are two-fold.Firstly,it introduces the new technique in assigning the polarity score,and second,it improves the performance over the classification of mixed language content.展开更多
Recently, unexpected inundation damages from local heavy rain and typhoons due to climate changes have increased in Korea. To reduce the flood related damages, a decision support system has been developed to improve d...Recently, unexpected inundation damages from local heavy rain and typhoons due to climate changes have increased in Korea. To reduce the flood related damages, a decision support system has been developed to improve decision making and disaster assessment in which a three-dimensional semi-implicit numerical model was used to simulate inundation aspects and the geographical information, such as building information, population, utilities and land use patterns to support decision making. The Munsan City area, where there were three big inundation damages in 1996, 1998 and 1999, respectively, is selected to test the developed decision model. To test the simulation model and the simulated geographical information, hydraulic data, hydrology data and geographic data, such as digital maps of 1/1,000 and 1/5,000 scale, cadastral maps, building plan, and price of house in the test area are collected. This geographical information is used to build up the three-dimensional numerical grid and to support decision making for minimizing flood related damages based on the simulated results. The results of simulated inundated area were compared with the photo of 1999 flooding and the estimated damages are compared with real damages of Munsan Area in 1999. The simulated results well represented the flooding situation and it is expected that the new decision support system will be used to make decision for minimizing flood related damages.展开更多
Tornadoes are among the most catastrophic atmospheric phenomena,causing extensive damage,injuries,and fatalities.This study aims to predict tornado-induced injuries in Texas of U.S.by employing machine learning(ML)app...Tornadoes are among the most catastrophic atmospheric phenomena,causing extensive damage,injuries,and fatalities.This study aims to predict tornado-induced injuries in Texas of U.S.by employing machine learning(ML)approaches,including random forest(RF),adaptive boosting(Ada Boost),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and support vector machines(SVM)in conjunction with advanced resampling methods to address the class imbalance.Accordingly,the present research utilized a total of 2986 property location data points from tornadoes recorded from2000 to 2023,and took meteorological,socioeconomic,and geographical features into account to perdict the tornadoinduced injuries.Three undersampling techniques,i.e.,random undersampling methods(RUS),condensed nearest neighbor(CNN),and instance hardness threshold(IHT),and three oversampling ones,i.e.,synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE),random oversampling methods(ROS),and adaptive synthetic sampling(ADASYN),were tested to enhance models'predictive accuracy.The validation of these hybrid models demonstrated that the RFIHT outperformed its counterparts,achieving satisfactory outcomes in identifying tornado-induced injuries with an F1-score of 0.965,precision of 0.967,and recall of 0.967.The interpretability of the estimations was enhanced through the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME),which further identified tornado intensity,land use,and socioeconomic attributes as the most critical predictors.The susceptibility map developed in this study serves as a crucial decision-support mechanism for disaster risk management strategies,aiming to mitigate tornadorelated injuries,and thereby enhancing community resilience to extreme weather phenomena.展开更多
In this paper, the dynamic response of saturated and layered soils under harmonic waves is modeled using the finite element method. The numerical results are then verified by corresponding analytical solutions which a...In this paper, the dynamic response of saturated and layered soils under harmonic waves is modeled using the finite element method. The numerical results are then verified by corresponding analytical solutions which are also developed by the author. The equations governing the dynamics of porous media are written in their fully dynamic form and possible simplifications are introduced based on the presence of inertial terms associated with solid and fluid phases. The response variations are presented in terms of pore water pressure and shear stress distributions within the layers. It is determined that a set of non-dimensional parameters and their respective ratios as a result of layering play a major role in the dynamic response.展开更多
ABSTRACT Conducting long measurements of infrastructure deformation is a critical engineering task.Conventional methods are both timeconsuming and expensive,limiting their use for large-scale applica-tions.The synergy...ABSTRACT Conducting long measurements of infrastructure deformation is a critical engineering task.Conventional methods are both timeconsuming and expensive,limiting their use for large-scale applica-tions.The synergy of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)and geographic information systems(GIS)offers a complementary approach.This study focuses on the feasibility of using time series analysis of L-band PALSAR-2 images to discover land displacements in Istanbul and Kocaeli,significant industrial and residential areas in Turkey.PALSAR-2 phase and intensity information were analyzed.For phase analysis,14 L-band images from 2014 to 2021 were taken into account.Small baseline subset(SBAS)analysis was performed using 44 pairs,and results of the velocity,coherence and back-scattering values are presented.Coherence of all pairs and their correlations were calculated.Principal Component Analysis(PCA)reduced the dimension of coherence pairs,enhancing feature extraction and the final geocoded velocity map revealed a fastest subsidence rate of−58 mm/yr and a mean subsidence of−20 mm/yr.These findings were confirmed through mean vertical velocity from Sentinel-1 datasets and field observations.The results showed that immature land subsidence in the mentioned areas are growing slowly,which can be taken as a serious risk in future.展开更多
基金Supported by:Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey(TUBITAK)with Grant No.213M454
文摘This paper presents the calibration of Omori’s aftershock occurrence rate model for Turkey and the resulting likelihoods.Aftershock occurrence rate models are used for estimating the probability of an aftershock that exceeds a specific magnitude threshold within a time interval after the mainshock.Critical decisions on the post-earthquake safety of structures directly depend on the aftershock hazard estimated using the occurrence model.It is customary to calibrate models in a region-specific manner.These models depend on rate parameters(a,b,c and p)related to the seismicity characteristics of the investigated region.In this study,the available well-recorded aftershock sequences for a set of Mw≥5.9 mainshock events that were observed in Turkey until 2012 are considered to develop the aftershock occurrence model.Mean estimates of the model parameters identified for Turkey are a=-1.90,b=1.11,c=0.05 and p=1.20.Based on the developed model,aftershock likelihoods are computed for a range of different time intervals and mainshock magnitudes.Also,the sensitivity of aftershock probabilities to the model parameters is investigated.Aftershock occurrence probabilities estimated using the model are expected to be useful for post-earthquake safety evaluations in Turkey.
文摘The October 23, 2011 M7.2 Tabanli - Van and November 9, 2011 M5.2 Edremit - Van earthquakes caused damage in a widespread area across the Van province in Turkey. The ground motions, the damage caused by these earthquakes and the recent progress related to recovery efforts are presented herein. First, the key properties of the recorded strong ground motions like spectral amplitudes and directionality are evaluated. The observed damage in the affected reinforced concrete and masonry structures are discussed. The set of common structural damage mechanisms （i.e., soft story failure, torsional response due to plan irregularity, short column failure, pull out failure, pounding） observed in the damaged buildings were identified. The relationship between the key structural properties and the extent of damage is investigated. The primary loss drivers across the region were identified to be the poor quality of workmanship and improper use of building materials. The results from the investigation suggest that a large portion of the loss could have been prevented if sufficient attention and care were given to the implementation of the design regulations and in particular to the construction practice. Lastly, the recent progress in the ongoing rebuildin~ activities is presented.
文摘Currently,the sentiment analysis research in the Malaysian context lacks in terms of the availability of the sentiment lexicon.Thus,this issue is addressed in this paper in order to enhance the accuracy of sentiment analysis.In this study,a new lexicon for sentiment analysis is constructed.A detailed review of existing approaches has been conducted,and a new bilingual sentiment lexicon known as MELex(Malay-English Lexicon)has been generated.Constructing MELex involves three activities:seed words selection,polarity assignment,and synonym expansions.Our approach differs from previous works in that MELex can analyze text for the two most widely used languages in Malaysia,Malay,and English,with the accuracy achieved,is 90%.It is evaluated based on the experimentation and case study approaches where the affordable housing projects in Malaysia are selected as case projects.This finding has given an implication on the ability of MELex to analyze public sentiments in the Malaysian context.The novel aspects of this paper are two-fold.Firstly,it introduces the new technique in assigning the polarity score,and second,it improves the performance over the classification of mixed language content.
文摘Recently, unexpected inundation damages from local heavy rain and typhoons due to climate changes have increased in Korea. To reduce the flood related damages, a decision support system has been developed to improve decision making and disaster assessment in which a three-dimensional semi-implicit numerical model was used to simulate inundation aspects and the geographical information, such as building information, population, utilities and land use patterns to support decision making. The Munsan City area, where there were three big inundation damages in 1996, 1998 and 1999, respectively, is selected to test the developed decision model. To test the simulation model and the simulated geographical information, hydraulic data, hydrology data and geographic data, such as digital maps of 1/1,000 and 1/5,000 scale, cadastral maps, building plan, and price of house in the test area are collected. This geographical information is used to build up the three-dimensional numerical grid and to support decision making for minimizing flood related damages based on the simulated results. The results of simulated inundated area were compared with the photo of 1999 flooding and the estimated damages are compared with real damages of Munsan Area in 1999. The simulated results well represented the flooding situation and it is expected that the new decision support system will be used to make decision for minimizing flood related damages.
基金Supported by the Turkish Academy of Sciences Outstanding Young Scientist Awards Program (TÜBA GEBİP)。
文摘Tornadoes are among the most catastrophic atmospheric phenomena,causing extensive damage,injuries,and fatalities.This study aims to predict tornado-induced injuries in Texas of U.S.by employing machine learning(ML)approaches,including random forest(RF),adaptive boosting(Ada Boost),extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost),and support vector machines(SVM)in conjunction with advanced resampling methods to address the class imbalance.Accordingly,the present research utilized a total of 2986 property location data points from tornadoes recorded from2000 to 2023,and took meteorological,socioeconomic,and geographical features into account to perdict the tornadoinduced injuries.Three undersampling techniques,i.e.,random undersampling methods(RUS),condensed nearest neighbor(CNN),and instance hardness threshold(IHT),and three oversampling ones,i.e.,synthetic minority oversampling technique(SMOTE),random oversampling methods(ROS),and adaptive synthetic sampling(ADASYN),were tested to enhance models'predictive accuracy.The validation of these hybrid models demonstrated that the RFIHT outperformed its counterparts,achieving satisfactory outcomes in identifying tornado-induced injuries with an F1-score of 0.965,precision of 0.967,and recall of 0.967.The interpretability of the estimations was enhanced through the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations(LIME),which further identified tornado intensity,land use,and socioeconomic attributes as the most critical predictors.The susceptibility map developed in this study serves as a crucial decision-support mechanism for disaster risk management strategies,aiming to mitigate tornadorelated injuries,and thereby enhancing community resilience to extreme weather phenomena.
文摘In this paper, the dynamic response of saturated and layered soils under harmonic waves is modeled using the finite element method. The numerical results are then verified by corresponding analytical solutions which are also developed by the author. The equations governing the dynamics of porous media are written in their fully dynamic form and possible simplifications are introduced based on the presence of inertial terms associated with solid and fluid phases. The response variations are presented in terms of pore water pressure and shear stress distributions within the layers. It is determined that a set of non-dimensional parameters and their respective ratios as a result of layering play a major role in the dynamic response.
基金funded by the TUBITAK#2221 project and the University of Tabriz,and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research(KAKENHI)grant number#23H01654。
文摘ABSTRACT Conducting long measurements of infrastructure deformation is a critical engineering task.Conventional methods are both timeconsuming and expensive,limiting their use for large-scale applica-tions.The synergy of synthetic aperture radar(SAR)and geographic information systems(GIS)offers a complementary approach.This study focuses on the feasibility of using time series analysis of L-band PALSAR-2 images to discover land displacements in Istanbul and Kocaeli,significant industrial and residential areas in Turkey.PALSAR-2 phase and intensity information were analyzed.For phase analysis,14 L-band images from 2014 to 2021 were taken into account.Small baseline subset(SBAS)analysis was performed using 44 pairs,and results of the velocity,coherence and back-scattering values are presented.Coherence of all pairs and their correlations were calculated.Principal Component Analysis(PCA)reduced the dimension of coherence pairs,enhancing feature extraction and the final geocoded velocity map revealed a fastest subsidence rate of−58 mm/yr and a mean subsidence of−20 mm/yr.These findings were confirmed through mean vertical velocity from Sentinel-1 datasets and field observations.The results showed that immature land subsidence in the mentioned areas are growing slowly,which can be taken as a serious risk in future.
