The Belt and Road Initiative provides a unique opportunity to improve health outcomes in vast regions of the world. Launched in 2013, the Initiative has been conceived as a platform for collaboration that is forward-l...The Belt and Road Initiative provides a unique opportunity to improve health outcomes in vast regions of the world. Launched in 2013, the Initiative has been conceived as a platform for collaboration that is forward-looking and mutually benefi cial. It is being built on shared values and a vision of a common destiny. As the Chinese President Xi Jinping said in September 2018, China hopes to create “a road of peace, prosperity, openness, green development and innovation and a road that brings together different civilizations.”[1]展开更多
A novel Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortant virus caused several outbreaks in wild birds in some regions of China from late 2014 to 2015.Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses,the viruses possess a stable gene con...A novel Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortant virus caused several outbreaks in wild birds in some regions of China from late 2014 to 2015.Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses,the viruses possess a stable gene constellation with a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA,a H9N2-derived PB2 gene and the other six genes of Asian H5N1-origin.The Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortants displayed a high genetic relationship to a human H5N1 strain(A/Alberta/01/2014).Further analysis showed that similar viruses have been circulating in wild birds in China,Russia,Dubai(Western Asia),Bulgaria and Romania(Europe),as well as domestic poultry in some regions of Africa.The affected areas include the Central Asian,East Asian-Australasian,West Asian-East African,and Black Sea/Mediterranean flyways.These results show that the novel Clade 2.3.2.1c reassortant viruses are circulating worldwide and may have gained a selective advantage in migratory birds,thus posing a serious threat to wild birds and potentially humans.展开更多
China is in Africa in a vigorous way,and doing business in several countries like Sudan,Congo DRC,Angola,South Africa,and Nigeria.In the short term,the relationship may appear to be mutually beneficial.This paper seek...China is in Africa in a vigorous way,and doing business in several countries like Sudan,Congo DRC,Angola,South Africa,and Nigeria.In the short term,the relationship may appear to be mutually beneficial.This paper seeks to address the issue of Africa's perspectives on China-Africa Relations and the FOCAC and examine the concept of strategic partnerships,determine the state of China-Africa relations,examines FOCAC and draw conclusion as well as recommendation on possible ways and issues for future engageme...展开更多
The Zika virus(ZIKV) is an arbovirus that has spread rapidly worldwide within recent times. There is accumulating evidence that associates ZIKV infections with Guillain-Barré Syndrome(GBS) and microcephaly in hum...The Zika virus(ZIKV) is an arbovirus that has spread rapidly worldwide within recent times. There is accumulating evidence that associates ZIKV infections with Guillain-Barré Syndrome(GBS) and microcephaly in humans. The ZIKV is genetically diverse and can be separated into Asian and African lineages. A rapid, sensitive, and specific assay is needed for the detection of ZIKV across various pandemic regions. So far, the available primers and probes do not cover the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of all ZIKV strains. To this end, we have developed a one-step quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) assay based on conserved sequences in the ZIKV envelope(E) gene. The detection limit of the assay was determined to be five RNA transcript copies and 2.94 × 10^(–3) 50% tissue culture infectious doses(TCID50) of live ZIKV per reaction. The assay was highly specific and able to detect five different ZIKV strains covering the Asian and African lineages without nonspecific amplification, when tested against other flaviviruses. The assay was also successful in testing for ZIKV in clinical samples. Our assay represents an improvement over the current methods available for the detection ZIKV and would be valuable as a diagnostic tool in various pandemic regions.展开更多
Reviewing the past, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the 20th century experienced vicissitude. Since the founding the People's Republic of China, especially for the past twenty years, traditional Chinese medi...Reviewing the past, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the 20th century experienced vicissitude. Since the founding the People's Republic of China, especially for the past twenty years, traditional Chinese medicine undertaking, full of vigor and vitality, has made an unprecedented development in China. The legal status and scientific status of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology have already been established. The medical system of traditional Chinese medicine, which is composed of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, ethnic minority medicine hospitals, integration of traditional and western medicine hospitals and comprehensive hospitals, is playing an important role in preventing, treating diseases and enhancing people's health level. The system of production and circulation for traditional Chinese medicine has basically guaranteed the people's demand for Chinese medicine, with the principles of producing medicinal materials as basis, taking Chinese medicine industry as pillar and Chinese medicine as link. Remarkable achievements have been scored in the research of TCM development as well as research of TCM basic theory and clinical treatment. A number of scientific and technological results have been transformed into productive forces. TCM education has formed a rational pattern based on inheriting traditional way of transmission from master to disciple as well as taking the university and college education as the main part. Minority medical science has been further explored and sorted out; the level of medical treatment, teaching and scientific research for ethnic minority medicines has been improved. As the contingent of integrated traditional and western medicine is growing steadily, medical treatment system, scientific research system and teaching system for integrated traditional and western medicine takes shape progressively. International exchange and cooperation on traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly promoted. Various forms of cooperative relations on the TCM medical treatment, teaching and scientific research have been established between China and many other countries and regions in the world. With the increasing influence of TCM in the world, the accomplishment of traditional Chinese medicine in the 20th century has attracted world attention.展开更多
This article introduces the experience of Pingluo County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, where "land credit cooperatives" have thrived. Based on a survey of the background, function, business scope, struct...This article introduces the experience of Pingluo County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, where "land credit cooperatives" have thrived. Based on a survey of the background, function, business scope, structure, supportive policy and the performance of "land credit cooperatives", the author believes that the essence of the cooperative is a "land joint-stock cooperation organization" whose experience may be of particular relevance to the building of a "new socialist countryside".展开更多
This article utilizes a large amount of statistical data to analyze the global distribution of foreign trade in China since 1990,as well as the factors involved and the changes in trends.The research results indicate ...This article utilizes a large amount of statistical data to analyze the global distribution of foreign trade in China since 1990,as well as the factors involved and the changes in trends.The research results indicate that China has gained a favourable balance against developed countries and a disadvantageous balance against developing countries;China enjoys a trade surplus with North American and European countries while suffering deficits with those in the Asia.pacific region,as well as with resource-abundant Australia,Africa and South America. With regard to trends,the structure of China’s foreign trade will not undergo fundamental changes in the short term,but in the long run will be transformed in line with restructuring of the growth pattern.展开更多
Agricultural mechanization in China isdeveloping healthily at a high speedAgriculture is a multi-functional basic industry,which ispossessed of food security,raw material supply,employmentand revenue increasing and ec...Agricultural mechanization in China isdeveloping healthily at a high speedAgriculture is a multi-functional basic industry,which ispossessed of food security,raw material supply,employmentand revenue increasing and ecosystem protection.China CentralGovernment has been committing herself to develop modernagriculture and enhance productivity for a long time.However,the agricultural mechanization progress is still stagnated untilnow owing to big farming population,small size of householdfarmlands and less income of farmers,etc.,so that most of展开更多
The 21st Century will be the century for developing biotechnology science. Biotechnology has become a main sector involving most investment and a hot sector for international scientific competition. Bioeconomy based on
I. Core Elements in Chinas Policy Towards the Arab WorldChina attaches strategic importance to China-Arab relations. The development of friendly and cooperative relations between China and Arab countries is always the...I. Core Elements in Chinas Policy Towards the Arab WorldChina attaches strategic importance to China-Arab relations. The development of friendly and cooperative relations between China and Arab countries is always the diplomatic priority for China.展开更多
Since the 18th CPC National Congress,General Secretary Xi Jinping has raised new requirements for the Party’s international work under the new situation,emphasizing that on the basis of summarizing
Editorial note Consumer demand is the driving force of economy.Since 1978,China has witnessed a massive rise in consumption and expansion of consumption mix.However,insufficient consumption has remained a primary cons...Editorial note Consumer demand is the driving force of economy.Since 1978,China has witnessed a massive rise in consumption and expansion of consumption mix.However,insufficient consumption has remained a primary constraint to economic growth.As such,domestic demand expansion and in particular demand-inducing strategy are high on the agenda of the Eleventh"Five- year Plan"(2006～2010).This article written by Dr.Chen Wenling offers a complete insight into the development,tendencies and deep-seated problems of consumer demand in China.展开更多
Despite the efforts made by the Malian government with technical and financial partners in the fight against HIV and AIDS, there are no data on the evolution of people with HIV in medical consultation in antiretrovira...Despite the efforts made by the Malian government with technical and financial partners in the fight against HIV and AIDS, there are no data on the evolution of people with HIV in medical consultation in antiretroviral treatment sites. The objective of this work is to fill this gap by generating factual data describing the evolution of the number of people with HIV in medical consultation in Mali. To achieve this goal, we conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Coordination Unit of the Sectoral Committee for AIDS Control of the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene. Sampling was comprehensive including all people living with HIV. The data collected concerned those of the years 1999 to 2014 by the ESOPE software and analyzed with Stata version 12. A Total of 39,619 people were enrolled in the study. And 26,212 people living with HIV in the 17 ESOPE sites of Mali were female. Patients aged 25-34 and 35-44 years were strongly represented in consultation in the years 2007 and 2011, and those aged 15-24 were the least frequent. HIV1 was the most dominant with 97%. The majority of patients presented for initial consultation were clinical stages 2 and 3 in all years. Cases of lost sites seen in the more common in hospitals are 62.79% at the Hospital of Mopti and 57% at the University Hospital of Point G. The number of cases of people living with HIV in medical consultation has progressively augmented from 1999-2007. Then it dropped from 2008-2010. After this number has increased by 2011, it dropped again in 2012-2014. This study made it possible to note the evolution of the patients in medical consultation in ESOPE antiretroviral treatment sites according to the years and events (safe, subsidized by activities by the global fund). The activities of sensitization and communications, case research should be strengthened by involving the community.展开更多
Under the guidelines set at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in late December of 1978, China entered a new historical period of reform and opening-up....Under the guidelines set at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in late December of 1978, China entered a new historical period of reform and opening-up. Over the past 30 years, the CPC has, rallying round it the Chinese people of various ethnic groups, worked unswervingly to push China＇s institutional reforms and open the country to the outside world.展开更多
People-oriented development refers to the economic and social integrative development that regards human beings as the orientation and subject of economic and social development and considers the development of human...People-oriented development refers to the economic and social integrative development that regards human beings as the orientation and subject of economic and social development and considers the development of human beings the essence,展开更多
In June 2013,the fi rst human H6N1 infl uenza virus infec-tion was confirmed in Taiwan.However,the origin and molecular characterization of this virus,A/Taiwan/2/2013(H6N1),have not been well studied thus far.In the p...In June 2013,the fi rst human H6N1 infl uenza virus infec-tion was confirmed in Taiwan.However,the origin and molecular characterization of this virus,A/Taiwan/2/2013(H6N1),have not been well studied thus far.In the present report,we performed phylogenetic and coalescent analy-ses of this virus and compared its molecular profi le/char-acteristics with other closely related strains.Molecular characterization of H6N1 revealed that it is a typical avian infl uenza virus of low pathogenicity,which might not rep-licate and propagate well in the upper airway in mammals.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus clusters with A/chicken/Taiwan/A2837/2013(H6N1)in seven genes,except PB1.For the PB1 gene,A/Taiwan/2/2013 was clus-tered with a different H6N1 lineage from A/chicken/Taiwan/A2837/2013.Although a previous study demonstrated that the PB2,PA,and M genes of A/Taiwan/2/2013 might be derived from the H5N2 viruses,coalescent analyses revealed that these H5N2 viruses were derived from more recent strains than that of the ancestor of A/Taiwan/2/2013.Therefore,we propose that A/Taiwan/2/2013 is a reassor-tant from different H6N1 lineages circulating in chickens in Taiwan.Furthermore,compared to avian isolates,a sin-gle P186L(H3 numbering)substitution in the hemaggluti-nin H6 of the human isolate might increase the mammali-an receptor binding and,hence,this strain’s pathogenicity in humans.Overall,human infection with this virus seems an accidental event and is unlikely to cause an infl uenza pandemic.However,its co-circulation and potential reas-sortment with other infl uenza subtypes are still worthy of attention.展开更多
文摘The Belt and Road Initiative provides a unique opportunity to improve health outcomes in vast regions of the world. Launched in 2013, the Initiative has been conceived as a platform for collaboration that is forward-looking and mutually benefi cial. It is being built on shared values and a vision of a common destiny. As the Chinese President Xi Jinping said in September 2018, China hopes to create “a road of peace, prosperity, openness, green development and innovation and a road that brings together different civilizations.”[1]
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31311120063,81470096,31570026,31471253)the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Chinese-Russian project:RFMEFI61315X0045)+3 种基金the intramural special grant for influenza virus research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-L09)the IDRCAPEIR program (106915-001)Special Project of Ministry of Science and Technology (2013FY113500)supported by the “Taishan Scholar” project of Shandong Province
文摘A novel Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortant virus caused several outbreaks in wild birds in some regions of China from late 2014 to 2015.Based on the genetic and phylogenetic analyses,the viruses possess a stable gene constellation with a Clade 2.3.2.1c HA,a H9N2-derived PB2 gene and the other six genes of Asian H5N1-origin.The Clade 2.3.2.1c H5N1 reassortants displayed a high genetic relationship to a human H5N1 strain(A/Alberta/01/2014).Further analysis showed that similar viruses have been circulating in wild birds in China,Russia,Dubai(Western Asia),Bulgaria and Romania(Europe),as well as domestic poultry in some regions of Africa.The affected areas include the Central Asian,East Asian-Australasian,West Asian-East African,and Black Sea/Mediterranean flyways.These results show that the novel Clade 2.3.2.1c reassortant viruses are circulating worldwide and may have gained a selective advantage in migratory birds,thus posing a serious threat to wild birds and potentially humans.
文摘China is in Africa in a vigorous way,and doing business in several countries like Sudan,Congo DRC,Angola,South Africa,and Nigeria.In the short term,the relationship may appear to be mutually beneficial.This paper seeks to address the issue of Africa's perspectives on China-Africa Relations and the FOCAC and examine the concept of strategic partnerships,determine the state of China-Africa relations,examines FOCAC and draw conclusion as well as recommendation on possible ways and issues for future engageme...
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX10004222)the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen(ZDSYS201504301534057)+6 种基金the Key specialized fund for infectious diseases in Shenzhen City(No.201161)the intramural special grant for influenza virus research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KJZD-EW-L09 and KJZD-EWL15)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Research and Development Project(JCYJ20160427151920801 and JCYJ20160427153238750)G.F.G.is a leading principal investigator of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Innovative Research Group(81621091)supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(2017122)G.W.is the recipient of a Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR)the President’s International Fellowship Initiative from the CAS
文摘The Zika virus(ZIKV) is an arbovirus that has spread rapidly worldwide within recent times. There is accumulating evidence that associates ZIKV infections with Guillain-Barré Syndrome(GBS) and microcephaly in humans. The ZIKV is genetically diverse and can be separated into Asian and African lineages. A rapid, sensitive, and specific assay is needed for the detection of ZIKV across various pandemic regions. So far, the available primers and probes do not cover the genetic diversity and geographic distribution of all ZIKV strains. To this end, we have developed a one-step quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR) assay based on conserved sequences in the ZIKV envelope(E) gene. The detection limit of the assay was determined to be five RNA transcript copies and 2.94 × 10^(–3) 50% tissue culture infectious doses(TCID50) of live ZIKV per reaction. The assay was highly specific and able to detect five different ZIKV strains covering the Asian and African lineages without nonspecific amplification, when tested against other flaviviruses. The assay was also successful in testing for ZIKV in clinical samples. Our assay represents an improvement over the current methods available for the detection ZIKV and would be valuable as a diagnostic tool in various pandemic regions.
文摘Reviewing the past, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the 20th century experienced vicissitude. Since the founding the People's Republic of China, especially for the past twenty years, traditional Chinese medicine undertaking, full of vigor and vitality, has made an unprecedented development in China. The legal status and scientific status of traditional Chinese medicine and pharmacology have already been established. The medical system of traditional Chinese medicine, which is composed of traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, ethnic minority medicine hospitals, integration of traditional and western medicine hospitals and comprehensive hospitals, is playing an important role in preventing, treating diseases and enhancing people's health level. The system of production and circulation for traditional Chinese medicine has basically guaranteed the people's demand for Chinese medicine, with the principles of producing medicinal materials as basis, taking Chinese medicine industry as pillar and Chinese medicine as link. Remarkable achievements have been scored in the research of TCM development as well as research of TCM basic theory and clinical treatment. A number of scientific and technological results have been transformed into productive forces. TCM education has formed a rational pattern based on inheriting traditional way of transmission from master to disciple as well as taking the university and college education as the main part. Minority medical science has been further explored and sorted out; the level of medical treatment, teaching and scientific research for ethnic minority medicines has been improved. As the contingent of integrated traditional and western medicine is growing steadily, medical treatment system, scientific research system and teaching system for integrated traditional and western medicine takes shape progressively. International exchange and cooperation on traditional Chinese medicine has been greatly promoted. Various forms of cooperative relations on the TCM medical treatment, teaching and scientific research have been established between China and many other countries and regions in the world. With the increasing influence of TCM in the world, the accomplishment of traditional Chinese medicine in the 20th century has attracted world attention.
文摘This article introduces the experience of Pingluo County of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, where "land credit cooperatives" have thrived. Based on a survey of the background, function, business scope, structure, supportive policy and the performance of "land credit cooperatives", the author believes that the essence of the cooperative is a "land joint-stock cooperation organization" whose experience may be of particular relevance to the building of a "new socialist countryside".
文摘This article utilizes a large amount of statistical data to analyze the global distribution of foreign trade in China since 1990,as well as the factors involved and the changes in trends.The research results indicate that China has gained a favourable balance against developed countries and a disadvantageous balance against developing countries;China enjoys a trade surplus with North American and European countries while suffering deficits with those in the Asia.pacific region,as well as with resource-abundant Australia,Africa and South America. With regard to trends,the structure of China’s foreign trade will not undergo fundamental changes in the short term,but in the long run will be transformed in line with restructuring of the growth pattern.
文摘Agricultural mechanization in China isdeveloping healthily at a high speedAgriculture is a multi-functional basic industry,which ispossessed of food security,raw material supply,employmentand revenue increasing and ecosystem protection.China CentralGovernment has been committing herself to develop modernagriculture and enhance productivity for a long time.However,the agricultural mechanization progress is still stagnated untilnow owing to big farming population,small size of householdfarmlands and less income of farmers,etc.,so that most of
文摘The 21st Century will be the century for developing biotechnology science. Biotechnology has become a main sector involving most investment and a hot sector for international scientific competition. Bioeconomy based on
文摘I. Core Elements in Chinas Policy Towards the Arab WorldChina attaches strategic importance to China-Arab relations. The development of friendly and cooperative relations between China and Arab countries is always the diplomatic priority for China.
文摘Since the 18th CPC National Congress,General Secretary Xi Jinping has raised new requirements for the Party’s international work under the new situation,emphasizing that on the basis of summarizing
文摘Editorial note Consumer demand is the driving force of economy.Since 1978,China has witnessed a massive rise in consumption and expansion of consumption mix.However,insufficient consumption has remained a primary constraint to economic growth.As such,domestic demand expansion and in particular demand-inducing strategy are high on the agenda of the Eleventh"Five- year Plan"(2006～2010).This article written by Dr.Chen Wenling offers a complete insight into the development,tendencies and deep-seated problems of consumer demand in China.
文摘Despite the efforts made by the Malian government with technical and financial partners in the fight against HIV and AIDS, there are no data on the evolution of people with HIV in medical consultation in antiretroviral treatment sites. The objective of this work is to fill this gap by generating factual data describing the evolution of the number of people with HIV in medical consultation in Mali. To achieve this goal, we conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the Coordination Unit of the Sectoral Committee for AIDS Control of the Ministry of Health and Public Hygiene. Sampling was comprehensive including all people living with HIV. The data collected concerned those of the years 1999 to 2014 by the ESOPE software and analyzed with Stata version 12. A Total of 39,619 people were enrolled in the study. And 26,212 people living with HIV in the 17 ESOPE sites of Mali were female. Patients aged 25-34 and 35-44 years were strongly represented in consultation in the years 2007 and 2011, and those aged 15-24 were the least frequent. HIV1 was the most dominant with 97%. The majority of patients presented for initial consultation were clinical stages 2 and 3 in all years. Cases of lost sites seen in the more common in hospitals are 62.79% at the Hospital of Mopti and 57% at the University Hospital of Point G. The number of cases of people living with HIV in medical consultation has progressively augmented from 1999-2007. Then it dropped from 2008-2010. After this number has increased by 2011, it dropped again in 2012-2014. This study made it possible to note the evolution of the patients in medical consultation in ESOPE antiretroviral treatment sites according to the years and events (safe, subsidized by activities by the global fund). The activities of sensitization and communications, case research should be strengthened by involving the community.
文摘Under the guidelines set at the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China （CPC） in late December of 1978, China entered a new historical period of reform and opening-up. Over the past 30 years, the CPC has, rallying round it the Chinese people of various ethnic groups, worked unswervingly to push China＇s institutional reforms and open the country to the outside world.
文摘People-oriented development refers to the economic and social integrative development that regards human beings as the orientation and subject of economic and social development and considers the development of human beings the essence,
基金the National Basic Research Pro-gram(973 Program)(Nos.2010CB530303,2011CB504703,and 2012CB955501an intramural special grant for influenza virus research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(KSZD-EW-Z-002)the Doctoral Starting up Foundation of Taishan Medical College.GFG is a leading principal investigator of the Innova-tive Research Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81021003)。
文摘In June 2013,the fi rst human H6N1 infl uenza virus infec-tion was confirmed in Taiwan.However,the origin and molecular characterization of this virus,A/Taiwan/2/2013(H6N1),have not been well studied thus far.In the present report,we performed phylogenetic and coalescent analy-ses of this virus and compared its molecular profi le/char-acteristics with other closely related strains.Molecular characterization of H6N1 revealed that it is a typical avian infl uenza virus of low pathogenicity,which might not rep-licate and propagate well in the upper airway in mammals.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the virus clusters with A/chicken/Taiwan/A2837/2013(H6N1)in seven genes,except PB1.For the PB1 gene,A/Taiwan/2/2013 was clus-tered with a different H6N1 lineage from A/chicken/Taiwan/A2837/2013.Although a previous study demonstrated that the PB2,PA,and M genes of A/Taiwan/2/2013 might be derived from the H5N2 viruses,coalescent analyses revealed that these H5N2 viruses were derived from more recent strains than that of the ancestor of A/Taiwan/2/2013.Therefore,we propose that A/Taiwan/2/2013 is a reassor-tant from different H6N1 lineages circulating in chickens in Taiwan.Furthermore,compared to avian isolates,a sin-gle P186L(H3 numbering)substitution in the hemaggluti-nin H6 of the human isolate might increase the mammali-an receptor binding and,hence,this strain’s pathogenicity in humans.Overall,human infection with this virus seems an accidental event and is unlikely to cause an infl uenza pandemic.However,its co-circulation and potential reas-sortment with other infl uenza subtypes are still worthy of attention.
