Tropical lakes such as Lake Sentarum in Kalimantan,Indonesia,represent ecologically rich ecosystems with high biodiversity and constitute the largest lake on the island of Kalimantan.This lake serves as a sensitive in...Tropical lakes such as Lake Sentarum in Kalimantan,Indonesia,represent ecologically rich ecosystems with high biodiversity and constitute the largest lake on the island of Kalimantan.This lake serves as a sensitive indicator of climate change;however,its monitoring is often hindered by persistent cloud cover.This study evaluates the effectiveness of a Gradient Tree Boosting machine learning model integrated with multisource satellite data,including optical imagery,Sentinel-1 SAR,Sentinel-2,and high resolution NICFI data,in accurately mapping surface water dynamics.The Gradient Tree Boosting model was trained and validated using water and non water samples collected from annual imagery spanning 2019 to 2024,achieving validation accuracies ranging from 80 percent to 97 percent.Results demonstrate that Gradient Tree Boosting successfully integrates the strengths of each sensor,producing consistent annual water maps despite extreme hydrological fluctuations caused by El Nino and La Nina events.These findings highlight the model’s potential application in water resource man-agement,particularly in providing accurate baseline data to support adaptation planning for droughts and floods in climate vulnerable regions.展开更多
Cellular hitchhiking is an emerging therapeutic strategy that uses an endogenous cell migration mechanism to deliver therapeutics to specific sites in the body.Owing to the low permeability and presence of the blood-b...Cellular hitchhiking is an emerging therapeutic strategy that uses an endogenous cell migration mechanism to deliver therapeutics to specific sites in the body.Owing to the low permeability and presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),the targeted delivery of therapeutics is limited,leading to inadequate localization in the brain.NCs fail to extravasate significantly into the tumor microenvironment(TME),demonstrating poor accumulation and tumor penetration.The novel cellular hitchhiking concept has been utilized to promote systemic half-life and therapeutic targeting.Neoplastic and neuroinflammatory diseases of the brain,including glioblastoma and neuroinflammation,face critical hurdles for efficiently delivering therapeutic entities owing to the BBB.Cellular hitchhiking can surmount these hurdles by utilizing various cell populations,such as stem cells,monocytes/macrophages,neutrophils,and platelets,as potential functional carriers to deliver the therapeutic cargo through the BBB.These carrier cells have the innate capability to traverse the BBB,transit through the brain parenchyma,and specifically reach disease sites such as inflammatory and neoplastic lesions owing to chemotactic navigation,i.e.,movement attributed to chemical stimuli.Chemotherapeutic drugs delivered by cellular hitchhiking to achieve tumor-specific targeting have been discussed.This article explores various cell types for hitchhiking NCs to the TME with indepth mechanisms and characterization techniques to decipher the backpack dissociation dynamics(nanoparticle payload detachment characteristics from hitchhiked cells)and challenges toward prospective clinical translation.展开更多
Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene （PS） bottles used locally for packagin...Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene （PS） bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as ＂purge and trap＂ and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC/MS）. Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.展开更多
A mechanistic model is developed to investigate the influence of an activator on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the absorption processes of carbon dioxide(CO2).Piperazine(PZ)is used as the activator in diethano...A mechanistic model is developed to investigate the influence of an activator on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the absorption processes of carbon dioxide(CO2).Piperazine(PZ)is used as the activator in diethanolamine(DEA)aqueous solutions.The developed model for corrosion takes into consideration the effect of fluid flow,transfer of charge and diffusion of oxidizing agents and operating parameters like temperature,activator concentration,CO2 loading and pH.The study consists of two major models:Vapor–liquid Equilibrium(VLE)model and electrochemical corrosion model.The electrolyte-NRTL equilibrium model was used for determination of concentration of chemical species in the bulk solution.The results of speciation were subsequently used for producing polarization curves and predicting the rate of corrosion occurring at the surface of metal.An increase in concentration of activator,increases the rate of corrosion of carbon steel in mixtures of activated DEA.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites on cattle in Indonesia because the prevalence of parasites varies between counlries depending on the terrain surrounding livestock farms and investigati...Objective:To evaluate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites on cattle in Indonesia because the prevalence of parasites varies between counlries depending on the terrain surrounding livestock farms and investigations in Indonesia have never been performed.Methods:Fecal samples from cattle at 35 farms in 7 districts in West Java,Indonesia,has been examined using the floatation or sedimentation methods,and a immunofluorescence assay and experimentally inoculation to mice for Cryptosporidium or Giardia spp.Results:153 of 394 examined cattle(38.8%)were infected with gastrointestinal parasites.The prevalence of Eimeria spp.,Nematoda spp.(including Oesophagustomum and Bunostomum-like),Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum spp.was 22.4%,11.2%,12.5%and 3.8%,respectively.Cryptosporidium andersoni(C.andersoni)was also found in two samples.One isolate of this parasite was confirmed to be transmitted to mice,in contrast to the isolates from other countries.Conclusions:although this survey is preliminary,the results shows that the infection of gastrointestinal parasites in Indonesia was not high,but these infected cattle could be as a potential source leading to economic losses in livestock production.展开更多
Resident income inequality has widened drastically within a short timeframe in the process of transition. From a static point of view, there is a combination of three factors underpinning the widening of the resident ...Resident income inequality has widened drastically within a short timeframe in the process of transition. From a static point of view, there is a combination of three factors underpinning the widening of the resident income gap. Such factors include a) the variation in quantity of factors of production accumulated during the planned economy era; b) the difference between localities in respect of starting points at different historical stages along their varying paths of evolution; c) the illegal and abnormal income stemming from institutional loopholes and policy deficiencies. From a dynamic point of view, there are three root causes underlying resident income gap expansion. Firstly, the privileged group has been continuing to benefit from an increasingly large share of institutional transition returns by exerting influence over the path of evolution; secondly, the underprivileged group has lost their ability to capture income on a sustainable basis due to the lack of a mechanism to express their interests; thirdly, public policies are not designed or enforced well enough to regulate income inequality. Given the significant effects of excess income disparity on economic performance and social stability, it is thus imperative to hold the income gap in check in light of the societal reality of the transitional stage.展开更多
Aerobic rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation is considered an alternative production system to combat increased water scarcity and arsenic （As） contamination in the food chain. Pot experiments were conducted at the ...Aerobic rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation is considered an alternative production system to combat increased water scarcity and arsenic （As） contamination in the food chain. Pot experiments were conducted at the Wheat Research Centre, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to examine the role of water management （WM）, As and phosphorus （P） on yield and yield attributes of boro （variety BRRI dhan 29） and aman （variety BRRI dhan 32） rice. A total of 18 treatment combinations of the three levels of As （0, 20 and 40 mg/kg） and P （0, 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg） and two WM strategies （aerobic and anaerobic） were investigated. Yield attributes were significantly affected by increasing As levels. Grain yields of BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32 were reduced from 63.0 to 7.7 and 35.0 to 16.5 g/pot with increasing As application, respectively, indicating a greater sensitivity of BRRI dhan 29 than BRRI dhan 32. Moreover, As toxicity was reduced with aerobic compared to anaerobic WM for all P levels. During early growth stages, phytotoxic symptoms appeared on BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32 rice stems with increasing As levels without applying P under anaerobic WM. Under anaerobic and As-contaminated conditions, BRRI dhan 29 was highly susceptible to straighthead, which dramatically reduced grain yields. There were significant relationships between the number of effective tillers per pot and root dry weight, grain yield, and number of fertile and unfertile grains per pot for both BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32 （P＆lt;0.001）. Our findings indicate that rice could be grown aerobically in As-contaminated areas with a reduced risk of As toxicity and yield loss.展开更多
<strong>Introduction:</strong> The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by WHO by March 11th. First case reported in Oman was on 24th February 2020 and later the country went throug...<strong>Introduction:</strong> The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by WHO by March 11th. First case reported in Oman was on 24th February 2020 and later the country went through stages of epidemic progression. This study describes the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Muscat governorate and related outcomes. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This is a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all lab confirmed COVID 19 cases that were reported from 1st February to 31st May 2020. Data for the study was primarily extracted from notifications system established for surveillance (Tarassud). Secondary data sources were, contact listings and hospital medical records.<strong> Results:</strong> 11,648 initial cases of confirmed COVID-19 infections were included. The mean age was 35 years, 84.7% (N = 9862) were males, 25.9% (N = 3017) were Omanis, and 74.1% (N = 8631) were expatriates of which Indian origin were the majority (37%). Fever and cough were the most common presentations (46.3% and 29.5% respectively). Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities (4.9% and 4.6% respectively). Hospital admission was required for 7% (N = 811) of the total reported cases, out of them 171 cases (21%) were admitted to ICU, where 107 (13.2%) were ventilated. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 0.9%. 158 clusters containing 2949 contacts were identified from case records and categorised into 3 groups based on their exposure settings. The incubation period measured was 8 days (IQR 4.0 - 15.0) for workplace, 8 days (IQR 4 - 17) for dormitory and 4 days (IQR 2.0 - 7.0) for family groups. The secondary attack rate (SAR) estimated was 41.6% (95% CI: 0.34 - 0.48), 52% (95% CI: 0.40 - 0.63) and 33% (95% CI: 0.27 - 0.38) for workplace, dormitory and family groups, respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results of this study, determine the transmission trend of COVID-19 in a country with high immigrant population. These findings could be utilised for further response planning in similar settings.展开更多
Space telemetry systems are an essential part of the TT&C system and play a very important role in the development and application of launch vehicles,satellites and spaceships. China's space telemetry technolo...Space telemetry systems are an essential part of the TT&C system and play a very important role in the development and application of launch vehicles,satellites and spaceships. China's space telemetry technology has been developing along with the development of its space industry.展开更多
After the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro,the concept of sustainable development has been widely recognized all over the world.More than 100 countries,including China,have adopted s...After the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro,the concept of sustainable development has been widely recognized all over the world.More than 100 countries,including China,have adopted sustainable development strategies according with their own situations.For 20 years,展开更多
The year 2023 marks the 35^(th)anniversary of the establishment of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences(BES)by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC).This milestone provides an opportunity t...The year 2023 marks the 35^(th)anniversary of the establishment of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences(BES)by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC).This milestone provides an opportunity to review past achievements and envisage future advancements.Thirty-Five-Year Progress and Achievements In 1988,Professor Chunming Chen,the founding Director General of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine(CAPM,renamed the China CDC in 2002),established the international journal BES to publish research results from Chinese scientists in English.Initially,Professor Chen,along with the renowned toxicologist Professor Frederick Coulston of Albany Medical College in the United States,jointly served as the editors-in-chief,propelling the growth and development of this pioneering journal,while the editorial team is composed exclusively of professionals from the China CDC,and the editorial office was located at the China CDC.展开更多
High power laser powder deposition (LPD) has been used to investigate the potential of repairing damaged aero-grade high strength steel.Metallurgical analysis was performed to analyze the integrity of the clad layer.A...High power laser powder deposition (LPD) has been used to investigate the potential of repairing damaged aero-grade high strength steel.Metallurgical analysis was performed to analyze the integrity of the clad layer.A 4kW fiber laser was used to deposit two separate alloys (AISI 4340 and AISI 420 stainless steel) on an AISI 4340 steel substrate and metallurgical analysis was performed to analyze the integrity of the clad layer.No microcracks was observed on the clads,but porosity and high dilution was observed on most clads.However,microstructural analysis showed a crack and porosity free clad layer with low dilution can be achieved for some laser conditions.展开更多
Introduction Important developments have taken place in Afghanistan.On May 1,2012,U.S.President Obama and Afghan President Hamid Karzai signed a Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA),which signaling the end of U.S.com...Introduction Important developments have taken place in Afghanistan.On May 1,2012,U.S.President Obama and Afghan President Hamid Karzai signed a Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA),which signaling the end of U.S.combat role in Afghanistan after 2014 and providing the outline of U.S.-Afghanistan ties in the post-2014 period.According to the summary of the SPA provided by the White House,the U.S.will not be seeking permanent military bases in Afghanistan but will continue to provide security assistance to the country.The U.S.has also designated Afghanistan as a major non-NATO ally.It is understood that the U.S.may maintain some troops in the country to train and equip the Afghan security forces and help them in combating A1 Qaeda remnants.展开更多
1.The Status of Energy Development in China Rapid economic growth and an export-driven chemical-intensive economic structure have led to a rapid increase in energy consumption. Rapid economic development and the corre...1.The Status of Energy Development in China Rapid economic growth and an export-driven chemical-intensive economic structure have led to a rapid increase in energy consumption. Rapid economic development and the corresponding surge in energy consumption in China have raised public concern.From 1978,when展开更多
The extracted fish samples (w/w) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were cleaned up by applying different adsorbent materials such as: combination of acidic/ basic silica and alumina, florisil, and silica gel e...The extracted fish samples (w/w) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were cleaned up by applying different adsorbent materials such as: combination of acidic/ basic silica and alumina, florisil, and silica gel either alone or in combination with another sort of sorbent. Different solvents such as hexane (H), dichloromethane (DCM), with different compositions were used to elute the PCBs target compounds from the spiked fish samples. Overall the mean percentage recoveries for all PCBs congeners using PLE were ranging from 78.6% to 98.7%;from 79.4% to 91.8%;from 65.8% to 104.5% and from 82.4% to 100.9% for cases A, B, C, D and E, respectively. However, the overall mean percentage recoveries for the 13C-PCBs surrogate including: 101, 138, 153, 180 and 209 were ranging from 88.2% to 97.6%;from 79.4% to 90.2%, from 88.3% to 96.4%, from 79.8% to 90.4% and from 83.9% to 95.9%, for cases A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The limits of detection of the proposed method were varied from 0.01 to 0.28 ng/g (w/w) for different PCBs congeners. The proposed method has linear dynamic range from 21.5 ng/g to 109 ng/g. This method was applied to fish samples for the determination of the target PCBs components.展开更多
Chemical hazards have been an object of public concern all over the world. The greatest problems are classified into two categories. One is environmental pollution. During the rapid industrialization of Japan, environ...Chemical hazards have been an object of public concern all over the world. The greatest problems are classified into two categories. One is environmental pollution. During the rapid industrialization of Japan, environmental pollution from industrial wastes produced many victims. Reflecting on past conduct, most problems are now being solved by setting strict standards for emission. However, there have been some cases that health hazards are revealed with the aging of the exposed people.展开更多
1.Diffusion of pathogens and globalization The diffusion of health risks in a globalized world is characterized by an exponential increase of transmission opportunities requiring more important and extensive control a...1.Diffusion of pathogens and globalization The diffusion of health risks in a globalized world is characterized by an exponential increase of transmission opportunities requiring more important and extensive control and prevention measures against possible impact on public health and agro-zootechnics production.Various keywords in this global situation are:diffusion of vectors,alien and invasive species,mutations,international trade,migrations,emerging diseases,climate changes and global warming.As a result,for example,we can observe the geographic extension of arboviruses and subsequent diffusion of different pathogens as the West Nile,Chikungunya or Zika viruses.All of them are previously negligible African diseases:West Nile(Uganda,1937),until the beginning of 90s,was sporadic and considered as minor risks for men,and is now the most common cause of mosquito-borne disease in the USA and is included in the list of climatic change indicators.Chikungunya(Tanzania,1952)previously a self-limiting nonfatal disease was responsible for a serious outbreak at La Réunion in 2005 and could also cause meningo-encephalitis.Zika(Uganda,1947),previously a banal infection with flu-like symptoms,then caused high numbers of serious fetal brain defects,especially in Brazil during 2015.展开更多
In China, the real industrialization and modernization process started in 1949, when the Chinese people were emancipated from the yoke of the Kuomintang and the People's Republic of China (P.R.C) was founded. Howe...In China, the real industrialization and modernization process started in 1949, when the Chinese people were emancipated from the yoke of the Kuomintang and the People's Republic of China (P.R.C) was founded. However, the road of emancipation has been a bumpy one. In particular, the emancipation of the mind has often been full of twists and turns. The tremendous liberation of social productive forces originated in the emancipation of the mind, whose truth has been tested by economic development practices. In the past 60 years China has paid tremendous efforts and costs in pursuit of emancipation, and today it still needs to emancipate the mind anew. For 60 years, since the formation of P.R. C, the country has kept pursuing the emancipation of the mind while exploring ways of change in institution, strategy and policy. In the first 30 years China attempted to devise an idealistic approach of transition to the socialist planned economic system, which was characterized by continuous revolution and movement. In the second 30 years China explored a realistic approach of transition to the socialist market economic system, which is characterized by incremental reform and opening-up. For six decades industry has remained at the forefront of transformation. The emancipation of the mind and the realization of change aim to ultimately make China a strong nation with an affluent people. The purpose of the six-decade struggle in new China is to erase the stigma of "being poor and blank," secure a firm and strong foothold in the world, restore China's status as a world power and let the Chinese people enjoy the affluence and welfare of a well-off society. The central mission of this national revitalization is to realize industrialization. Therefore, industrialization has been the central theme of China's revitalization in the past 60 years. After 60 years of industrialization, hundreds of millions of Chinese people are now able to enjoy ever-increasing wealth from industrial civilization. However, still a larger proportion of China's 1.3 billion people are awaiting industrial civilization. In this sense, industrialization is not only the focus of China's socioeconomic development but also the world's largest livelihood mission. Industrial development is more of a means of enhancing people's livelihood than a means of regaining the title as a world power. This will become one of the distinctive characteristics of China's industrialization in the new stage.展开更多
文摘Tropical lakes such as Lake Sentarum in Kalimantan,Indonesia,represent ecologically rich ecosystems with high biodiversity and constitute the largest lake on the island of Kalimantan.This lake serves as a sensitive indicator of climate change;however,its monitoring is often hindered by persistent cloud cover.This study evaluates the effectiveness of a Gradient Tree Boosting machine learning model integrated with multisource satellite data,including optical imagery,Sentinel-1 SAR,Sentinel-2,and high resolution NICFI data,in accurately mapping surface water dynamics.The Gradient Tree Boosting model was trained and validated using water and non water samples collected from annual imagery spanning 2019 to 2024,achieving validation accuracies ranging from 80 percent to 97 percent.Results demonstrate that Gradient Tree Boosting successfully integrates the strengths of each sensor,producing consistent annual water maps despite extreme hydrological fluctuations caused by El Nino and La Nina events.These findings highlight the model’s potential application in water resource man-agement,particularly in providing accurate baseline data to support adaptation planning for droughts and floods in climate vulnerable regions.
基金the research funding support by the Department of Pharmaceuticals(DoP),Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers,Govt.of India to“Pharmaceutical Innovation and Translational Research Lab”(PITRL),Department of Pharmaceutics,National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research(NIPER)Hyderabad,INDIA.
文摘Cellular hitchhiking is an emerging therapeutic strategy that uses an endogenous cell migration mechanism to deliver therapeutics to specific sites in the body.Owing to the low permeability and presence of the blood-brain barrier(BBB),the targeted delivery of therapeutics is limited,leading to inadequate localization in the brain.NCs fail to extravasate significantly into the tumor microenvironment(TME),demonstrating poor accumulation and tumor penetration.The novel cellular hitchhiking concept has been utilized to promote systemic half-life and therapeutic targeting.Neoplastic and neuroinflammatory diseases of the brain,including glioblastoma and neuroinflammation,face critical hurdles for efficiently delivering therapeutic entities owing to the BBB.Cellular hitchhiking can surmount these hurdles by utilizing various cell populations,such as stem cells,monocytes/macrophages,neutrophils,and platelets,as potential functional carriers to deliver the therapeutic cargo through the BBB.These carrier cells have the innate capability to traverse the BBB,transit through the brain parenchyma,and specifically reach disease sites such as inflammatory and neoplastic lesions owing to chemotactic navigation,i.e.,movement attributed to chemical stimuli.Chemotherapeutic drugs delivered by cellular hitchhiking to achieve tumor-specific targeting have been discussed.This article explores various cell types for hitchhiking NCs to the TME with indepth mechanisms and characterization techniques to decipher the backpack dissociation dynamics(nanoparticle payload detachment characteristics from hitchhiked cells)and challenges toward prospective clinical translation.
文摘Bottled water may not be safer, or healthier, than tap water. The present studies have proved that styrene and some other aromatic compounds leach continuously from polystyrene （PS） bottles used locally for packaging. Water sapmles in contact with PS were extracted by a preconcentration technique called as ＂purge and trap＂ and analysed by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer （GC/MS）. Eleven aromatic compounds were identified in these studies. Maximum concentration of styrene in PS bottles was 29.5 μg/L. Apart from styrene, ethyl benzene, toluene and benzene were also quantified but their concentrations were much less than WHO guide line values. All other compounds were in traces. Quality of plastic and storage time were the major factor in leaching of styrene. Concentration of styrene was increased to 69.53 μg/L after one-year storage. In Styrofoam and PS cups studies, hot water was found to be contaminated with styrene and other aromatic compounds. It was observed that temperature played a major role in the leaching of styrene monomer from Styrofoam cups. Paper cups were found to be safe for hot drinks.
基金the financial support provided by the Ministry of Higher Education&Scientific Research of Iraq。
文摘A mechanistic model is developed to investigate the influence of an activator on the corrosion rate of carbon steel in the absorption processes of carbon dioxide(CO2).Piperazine(PZ)is used as the activator in diethanolamine(DEA)aqueous solutions.The developed model for corrosion takes into consideration the effect of fluid flow,transfer of charge and diffusion of oxidizing agents and operating parameters like temperature,activator concentration,CO2 loading and pH.The study consists of two major models:Vapor–liquid Equilibrium(VLE)model and electrochemical corrosion model.The electrolyte-NRTL equilibrium model was used for determination of concentration of chemical species in the bulk solution.The results of speciation were subsequently used for producing polarization curves and predicting the rate of corrosion occurring at the surface of metal.An increase in concentration of activator,increases the rate of corrosion of carbon steel in mixtures of activated DEA.
基金partly supported by the JICA Project of Capacity Development of Animal Health Laboratory and Grants-in-Aid for Scientifie Research from the Ministry of Education.Culture.Sports.Science and Technology.Japan(No.22700773 to M.M.)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites on cattle in Indonesia because the prevalence of parasites varies between counlries depending on the terrain surrounding livestock farms and investigations in Indonesia have never been performed.Methods:Fecal samples from cattle at 35 farms in 7 districts in West Java,Indonesia,has been examined using the floatation or sedimentation methods,and a immunofluorescence assay and experimentally inoculation to mice for Cryptosporidium or Giardia spp.Results:153 of 394 examined cattle(38.8%)were infected with gastrointestinal parasites.The prevalence of Eimeria spp.,Nematoda spp.(including Oesophagustomum and Bunostomum-like),Fasciola gigantica and Paramphistomum spp.was 22.4%,11.2%,12.5%and 3.8%,respectively.Cryptosporidium andersoni(C.andersoni)was also found in two samples.One isolate of this parasite was confirmed to be transmitted to mice,in contrast to the isolates from other countries.Conclusions:although this survey is preliminary,the results shows that the infection of gastrointestinal parasites in Indonesia was not high,but these infected cattle could be as a potential source leading to economic losses in livestock production.
文摘Resident income inequality has widened drastically within a short timeframe in the process of transition. From a static point of view, there is a combination of three factors underpinning the widening of the resident income gap. Such factors include a) the variation in quantity of factors of production accumulated during the planned economy era; b) the difference between localities in respect of starting points at different historical stages along their varying paths of evolution; c) the illegal and abnormal income stemming from institutional loopholes and policy deficiencies. From a dynamic point of view, there are three root causes underlying resident income gap expansion. Firstly, the privileged group has been continuing to benefit from an increasingly large share of institutional transition returns by exerting influence over the path of evolution; secondly, the underprivileged group has lost their ability to capture income on a sustainable basis due to the lack of a mechanism to express their interests; thirdly, public policies are not designed or enforced well enough to regulate income inequality. Given the significant effects of excess income disparity on economic performance and social stability, it is thus imperative to hold the income gap in check in light of the societal reality of the transitional stage.
基金USAID funded subproject on Impact of Arsenic Contamination on Agricultural Sustainability and Food Quality(Main USAID Grant No.388-G-00-02-00070-00)
文摘Aerobic rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation is considered an alternative production system to combat increased water scarcity and arsenic （As） contamination in the food chain. Pot experiments were conducted at the Wheat Research Centre, Dinajpur, Bangladesh to examine the role of water management （WM）, As and phosphorus （P） on yield and yield attributes of boro （variety BRRI dhan 29） and aman （variety BRRI dhan 32） rice. A total of 18 treatment combinations of the three levels of As （0, 20 and 40 mg/kg） and P （0, 12.5 and 25.0 mg/kg） and two WM strategies （aerobic and anaerobic） were investigated. Yield attributes were significantly affected by increasing As levels. Grain yields of BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32 were reduced from 63.0 to 7.7 and 35.0 to 16.5 g/pot with increasing As application, respectively, indicating a greater sensitivity of BRRI dhan 29 than BRRI dhan 32. Moreover, As toxicity was reduced with aerobic compared to anaerobic WM for all P levels. During early growth stages, phytotoxic symptoms appeared on BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32 rice stems with increasing As levels without applying P under anaerobic WM. Under anaerobic and As-contaminated conditions, BRRI dhan 29 was highly susceptible to straighthead, which dramatically reduced grain yields. There were significant relationships between the number of effective tillers per pot and root dry weight, grain yield, and number of fertile and unfertile grains per pot for both BRRI dhan 29 and BRRI dhan 32 （P＆lt;0.001）. Our findings indicate that rice could be grown aerobically in As-contaminated areas with a reduced risk of As toxicity and yield loss.
文摘<strong>Introduction:</strong> The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as pandemic by WHO by March 11th. First case reported in Oman was on 24th February 2020 and later the country went through stages of epidemic progression. This study describes the sociodemographic and epidemiological characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Muscat governorate and related outcomes. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This is a descriptive, exploratory analysis of all lab confirmed COVID 19 cases that were reported from 1st February to 31st May 2020. Data for the study was primarily extracted from notifications system established for surveillance (Tarassud). Secondary data sources were, contact listings and hospital medical records.<strong> Results:</strong> 11,648 initial cases of confirmed COVID-19 infections were included. The mean age was 35 years, 84.7% (N = 9862) were males, 25.9% (N = 3017) were Omanis, and 74.1% (N = 8631) were expatriates of which Indian origin were the majority (37%). Fever and cough were the most common presentations (46.3% and 29.5% respectively). Diabetes and hypertension were the most common comorbidities (4.9% and 4.6% respectively). Hospital admission was required for 7% (N = 811) of the total reported cases, out of them 171 cases (21%) were admitted to ICU, where 107 (13.2%) were ventilated. The case fatality rate (CFR) was 0.9%. 158 clusters containing 2949 contacts were identified from case records and categorised into 3 groups based on their exposure settings. The incubation period measured was 8 days (IQR 4.0 - 15.0) for workplace, 8 days (IQR 4 - 17) for dormitory and 4 days (IQR 2.0 - 7.0) for family groups. The secondary attack rate (SAR) estimated was 41.6% (95% CI: 0.34 - 0.48), 52% (95% CI: 0.40 - 0.63) and 33% (95% CI: 0.27 - 0.38) for workplace, dormitory and family groups, respectively. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Results of this study, determine the transmission trend of COVID-19 in a country with high immigrant population. These findings could be utilised for further response planning in similar settings.
文摘Space telemetry systems are an essential part of the TT&C system and play a very important role in the development and application of launch vehicles,satellites and spaceships. China's space telemetry technology has been developing along with the development of its space industry.
文摘After the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro,the concept of sustainable development has been widely recognized all over the world.More than 100 countries,including China,have adopted sustainable development strategies according with their own situations.For 20 years,
文摘The year 2023 marks the 35^(th)anniversary of the establishment of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences(BES)by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC).This milestone provides an opportunity to review past achievements and envisage future advancements.Thirty-Five-Year Progress and Achievements In 1988,Professor Chunming Chen,the founding Director General of the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine(CAPM,renamed the China CDC in 2002),established the international journal BES to publish research results from Chinese scientists in English.Initially,Professor Chen,along with the renowned toxicologist Professor Frederick Coulston of Albany Medical College in the United States,jointly served as the editors-in-chief,propelling the growth and development of this pioneering journal,while the editorial team is composed exclusively of professionals from the China CDC,and the editorial office was located at the China CDC.
文摘High power laser powder deposition (LPD) has been used to investigate the potential of repairing damaged aero-grade high strength steel.Metallurgical analysis was performed to analyze the integrity of the clad layer.A 4kW fiber laser was used to deposit two separate alloys (AISI 4340 and AISI 420 stainless steel) on an AISI 4340 steel substrate and metallurgical analysis was performed to analyze the integrity of the clad layer.No microcracks was observed on the clads,but porosity and high dilution was observed on most clads.However,microstructural analysis showed a crack and porosity free clad layer with low dilution can be achieved for some laser conditions.
文摘Introduction Important developments have taken place in Afghanistan.On May 1,2012,U.S.President Obama and Afghan President Hamid Karzai signed a Strategic Partnership Agreement (SPA),which signaling the end of U.S.combat role in Afghanistan after 2014 and providing the outline of U.S.-Afghanistan ties in the post-2014 period.According to the summary of the SPA provided by the White House,the U.S.will not be seeking permanent military bases in Afghanistan but will continue to provide security assistance to the country.The U.S.has also designated Afghanistan as a major non-NATO ally.It is understood that the U.S.may maintain some troops in the country to train and equip the Afghan security forces and help them in combating A1 Qaeda remnants.
文摘1.The Status of Energy Development in China Rapid economic growth and an export-driven chemical-intensive economic structure have led to a rapid increase in energy consumption. Rapid economic development and the corresponding surge in energy consumption in China have raised public concern.From 1978,when
文摘The extracted fish samples (w/w) using pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were cleaned up by applying different adsorbent materials such as: combination of acidic/ basic silica and alumina, florisil, and silica gel either alone or in combination with another sort of sorbent. Different solvents such as hexane (H), dichloromethane (DCM), with different compositions were used to elute the PCBs target compounds from the spiked fish samples. Overall the mean percentage recoveries for all PCBs congeners using PLE were ranging from 78.6% to 98.7%;from 79.4% to 91.8%;from 65.8% to 104.5% and from 82.4% to 100.9% for cases A, B, C, D and E, respectively. However, the overall mean percentage recoveries for the 13C-PCBs surrogate including: 101, 138, 153, 180 and 209 were ranging from 88.2% to 97.6%;from 79.4% to 90.2%, from 88.3% to 96.4%, from 79.8% to 90.4% and from 83.9% to 95.9%, for cases A, B, C, D and E, respectively. The limits of detection of the proposed method were varied from 0.01 to 0.28 ng/g (w/w) for different PCBs congeners. The proposed method has linear dynamic range from 21.5 ng/g to 109 ng/g. This method was applied to fish samples for the determination of the target PCBs components.
文摘Chemical hazards have been an object of public concern all over the world. The greatest problems are classified into two categories. One is environmental pollution. During the rapid industrialization of Japan, environmental pollution from industrial wastes produced many victims. Reflecting on past conduct, most problems are now being solved by setting strict standards for emission. However, there have been some cases that health hazards are revealed with the aging of the exposed people.
文摘1.Diffusion of pathogens and globalization The diffusion of health risks in a globalized world is characterized by an exponential increase of transmission opportunities requiring more important and extensive control and prevention measures against possible impact on public health and agro-zootechnics production.Various keywords in this global situation are:diffusion of vectors,alien and invasive species,mutations,international trade,migrations,emerging diseases,climate changes and global warming.As a result,for example,we can observe the geographic extension of arboviruses and subsequent diffusion of different pathogens as the West Nile,Chikungunya or Zika viruses.All of them are previously negligible African diseases:West Nile(Uganda,1937),until the beginning of 90s,was sporadic and considered as minor risks for men,and is now the most common cause of mosquito-borne disease in the USA and is included in the list of climatic change indicators.Chikungunya(Tanzania,1952)previously a self-limiting nonfatal disease was responsible for a serious outbreak at La Réunion in 2005 and could also cause meningo-encephalitis.Zika(Uganda,1947),previously a banal infection with flu-like symptoms,then caused high numbers of serious fetal brain defects,especially in Brazil during 2015.
文摘In China, the real industrialization and modernization process started in 1949, when the Chinese people were emancipated from the yoke of the Kuomintang and the People's Republic of China (P.R.C) was founded. However, the road of emancipation has been a bumpy one. In particular, the emancipation of the mind has often been full of twists and turns. The tremendous liberation of social productive forces originated in the emancipation of the mind, whose truth has been tested by economic development practices. In the past 60 years China has paid tremendous efforts and costs in pursuit of emancipation, and today it still needs to emancipate the mind anew. For 60 years, since the formation of P.R. C, the country has kept pursuing the emancipation of the mind while exploring ways of change in institution, strategy and policy. In the first 30 years China attempted to devise an idealistic approach of transition to the socialist planned economic system, which was characterized by continuous revolution and movement. In the second 30 years China explored a realistic approach of transition to the socialist market economic system, which is characterized by incremental reform and opening-up. For six decades industry has remained at the forefront of transformation. The emancipation of the mind and the realization of change aim to ultimately make China a strong nation with an affluent people. The purpose of the six-decade struggle in new China is to erase the stigma of "being poor and blank," secure a firm and strong foothold in the world, restore China's status as a world power and let the Chinese people enjoy the affluence and welfare of a well-off society. The central mission of this national revitalization is to realize industrialization. Therefore, industrialization has been the central theme of China's revitalization in the past 60 years. After 60 years of industrialization, hundreds of millions of Chinese people are now able to enjoy ever-increasing wealth from industrial civilization. However, still a larger proportion of China's 1.3 billion people are awaiting industrial civilization. In this sense, industrialization is not only the focus of China's socioeconomic development but also the world's largest livelihood mission. Industrial development is more of a means of enhancing people's livelihood than a means of regaining the title as a world power. This will become one of the distinctive characteristics of China's industrialization in the new stage.
