The early and precise identification of Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)continues to pose considerable clinical difficulty due to subtle structural alterations and overlapping symptoms across the disease phases.This study pre...The early and precise identification of Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)continues to pose considerable clinical difficulty due to subtle structural alterations and overlapping symptoms across the disease phases.This study presents a novel Deformable Attention Vision Transformer(DA-ViT)architecture that integrates deformable Multi-Head Self-Attention(MHSA)with a Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)block for efficient classification of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)using Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans.In contrast to traditional vision transformers,our deformable MHSA module preferentially concentrates on spatially pertinent patches through learned offset predictions,markedly diminishing processing demands while improving localized feature representation.DA-ViT contains only 0.93 million parameters,making it exceptionally suitable for implementation in resource-limited settings.We evaluate the model using a class-imbalanced Alzheimer’s MRI dataset comprising 6400 images across four categories,achieving a test accuracy of 80.31%,a macro F1-score of 0.80,and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 1.00 for the Mild Demented category.Thorough ablation studies validate the ideal configuration of transformer depth,headcount,and embedding dimensions.Moreover,comparison research indicates that DA-ViT surpasses state-of-theart pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)models in terms of accuracy and parameter efficiency.展开更多
Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to record the commonly affected veins in the lower limbs, to compare the affected sides and gender and to correlate the Doppler findings and stages of deep venous thrombosis (DVT)....Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to record the commonly affected veins in the lower limbs, to compare the affected sides and gender and to correlate the Doppler findings and stages of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of 46 already diagnosed cases of lower limb DVT. Results: Out of 46 cases of DVT, 71.74% were females. The majority of patients (93.47%) were affected in unilateral lower limb with significant predominance (65.22%) to affect the left lower limb (p Conclusion: Lower limb deep venous thrombosis affects left lower limb more than right and females more than males. Superficial femoral vein (SFV) and common femoral vein (CFV) are the most common affected veins. Lower limb DVT predominantly present in acute stage with venous distension and absent blood flow.展开更多
BACKGROUND In developed countries,the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances before arriving at the hospital has been achieved through comprehensive studies,and this of course does not apply to Arab co...BACKGROUND In developed countries,the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances before arriving at the hospital has been achieved through comprehensive studies,and this of course does not apply to Arab countries,as there are no current studies to support this.Therefore,this study is a preliminary measure of the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances in Saudi Arabia.AIM To measure the demand for ultrasound equipment in ambulances in Saudi Arabia.METHODS A cross-sectional study of five different groups of participants including radiation technologists,emergency physicians,paramedics,Red Crescent managers and the public.Email and social media were used to deliver a questionnaire to these groups.The questionnaire included specific questions to measure the purpose of ultrasound use in each group of participants.RESULTS Each group had some knowledge on ultrasound and its benefits.More than 50%in each study group supported the availability of ultrasound in ambulances.Additionally,60%of emergency physicians reported that they had difficulties in venous access,checking the presence of internal bleeding,recognizing pregnancy in trauma cases,and inserting endotracheal tubes,and the majority of them confirmed the effective role of ultrasound in achieving such tasks.Almost all paramedics(93.33%),physicians(98.89%),and Saudi Red Crescent managers(96.3%)emphasized the importance of communication between ambulance staff and emergency departments.Moreover,most physicians(77.78%),and technologists(82.73%)supported the presence of paramedics in ambulances to operate ultrasound in order to improve patient outcomes.CONCLUSION Most of the study groups evaluated had knowledge on ultrasound and supported the presence of ultrasound devices in ambulances.展开更多
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the sonographic findings in renal parenchymal diseases using gray-scale ultrasound in order to classify these diseases. The study design was a cross-sectional one. ...Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the sonographic findings in renal parenchymal diseases using gray-scale ultrasound in order to classify these diseases. The study design was a cross-sectional one. There were 204 patients who were suspected with renal diseases. They had been scanned with ultrasound to assess the kidneys. The echogenicity, renal cortex and paren-chyma, and cortico-medullary differentiation had been evaluated. Results: The study revealed that the echogenicity of renal parenchyma and cortex increased in all types of renal parenchymal diseases. The cortico-medullary differentiation was mainly disturbed in acute parenchymal disease (69.04%), loss in chronic end-stage parenchymal disease (85%);and there was significant difference (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: Ultrasound provided useful and accurate diagnosis of renal parenchymal diseases. In this study, renal parenchymal diseases had been classified into acute, chronic and end-stage renal parenchymal diseases.展开更多
The aim of this study was to study the technical factors affecting the reading of TLD (LiF:Mg:Ti) for radiation dosimetry. The method adapted was an exposure of LiF:Mg:Ti crystal with?γ-ray with the following filters...The aim of this study was to study the technical factors affecting the reading of TLD (LiF:Mg:Ti) for radiation dosimetry. The method adapted was an exposure of LiF:Mg:Ti crystal with?γ-ray with the following filters (Hp 0.07 and Hp?10), before and after usage of filter Hp?(0.07), annealing, cooling by nitrogen flux and crystal morphology by scanning electron microscope. The collected data analyzed by EXCELL software showed that: TLD average count/second (C/s) with filter Hp?(10) was greater than that obtained with filter Hp?(0.07) with an amount of 1191 c/s?(19%). Also the analysis showed that: the average C/s without filter Hp?(0.07) was greater than that with filter by an amount of 994.5 C/s (16.4%), and there was proportional linear relationship;as the applied dose increased the TLD C/s increased significantly (R2?=?0.9) based on the equations: y = 885.1x???286.5 and y = 860.5x?+ 856.8 for filtered and without filtered beam respectively, where?x?refers to applied dose in mGy and?y?refers to C/s. Also the average C/s without nitrogen flux (cooling) was greater than with nitrogen count with an amount of 52.4 C/s (11%). The annealing (without filter) causes a reduction in dose by 82.2?μGy (19.2%), and in case of annealing with filter, the dose reduced by 66.7?μGy (21.9%) relative to annealing without filter. The morphology of TLD crystal shown by scanning electron microscope SEM was a darkening surface after irradiation.展开更多
Purpose: This study was done to assess the role of ultrasound in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and to identify the most common causes and symptoms. Materials and methods: The study took place in different Khartoum...Purpose: This study was done to assess the role of ultrasound in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and to identify the most common causes and symptoms. Materials and methods: The study took place in different Khartoum clinical centers and hospitals in the period between Jan 2014 and July 2014. A total of 150 patients with obstructive jaundice were examined using ultrasound machine, 3.5 - 7 MHz probe. Results: The study revealed that 65.33 of the study population with obstructive jaundice were female and 34.67% was male. The most common affected groups were 46 - 65 years old and 25 - 45 years old. The common causes of obstructive jaundice were biliary stones (61.33%) which were common in females and abdominal masses (32.67%) which were common in females, too. Nausea, yellowish discoloration and abdominal pain were the most common symptoms (98%, 97.33% and 96.67% respectively). The causes of obstructive jaundice showed significant difference between males and females (P-value = 0.002). Conclusion: Ultrasound was superior diagnostic tool in detecting and assessing biliary system obstruction, because it was easy, available, accurate and noninvasive. The ageing and gender were considered as risk factors of obstructive jaundice.展开更多
Purpose:To assess the effect of praziquantel(PZQ)treatment on liver echotexture and diameters of the portal and splenic veins.Materials and methods:This was a prospective study involving 86 known cases of schistosomia...Purpose:To assess the effect of praziquantel(PZQ)treatment on liver echotexture and diameters of the portal and splenic veins.Materials and methods:This was a prospective study involving 86 known cases of schistosomiasis;these cases were examined via gray-scale sonography in 3-month intervals for a period of 6 months.The patients were categorized into two groups based on whether or not they were treated with PZQ.The liver,spleen,main portal vein(PV),and splenic vein(SV)were evaluated sonographically using 3.5-curvilinear transducers,according to a standard abdominal ultrasound protocol.Results:The liver echotexture and size were significantly recovered in patients who received PZQ therapy compared to those who did not use the drug(p-values<0.001).PZQ caused significant reduction in diameters of the PV and SV(p-value<0.001).Conclusion:Liver size and echotexture and diameters of PV and SV improved well as a result of Praziquantel therapy in patients with chronic Schistosoma infection.Treatment of Schistosomiasis is necessary to prevent liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.展开更多
基金Prince Sattambin Abdulaziz University for funding this research work through the project number(PSAU/2025/R/1446).
文摘The early and precise identification of Alzheimer’s Disease(AD)continues to pose considerable clinical difficulty due to subtle structural alterations and overlapping symptoms across the disease phases.This study presents a novel Deformable Attention Vision Transformer(DA-ViT)architecture that integrates deformable Multi-Head Self-Attention(MHSA)with a Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)block for efficient classification of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)using Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scans.In contrast to traditional vision transformers,our deformable MHSA module preferentially concentrates on spatially pertinent patches through learned offset predictions,markedly diminishing processing demands while improving localized feature representation.DA-ViT contains only 0.93 million parameters,making it exceptionally suitable for implementation in resource-limited settings.We evaluate the model using a class-imbalanced Alzheimer’s MRI dataset comprising 6400 images across four categories,achieving a test accuracy of 80.31%,a macro F1-score of 0.80,and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)of 1.00 for the Mild Demented category.Thorough ablation studies validate the ideal configuration of transformer depth,headcount,and embedding dimensions.Moreover,comparison research indicates that DA-ViT surpasses state-of-theart pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)models in terms of accuracy and parameter efficiency.
文摘Aim and Objectives: This study aimed to record the commonly affected veins in the lower limbs, to compare the affected sides and gender and to correlate the Doppler findings and stages of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Materials and Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of 46 already diagnosed cases of lower limb DVT. Results: Out of 46 cases of DVT, 71.74% were females. The majority of patients (93.47%) were affected in unilateral lower limb with significant predominance (65.22%) to affect the left lower limb (p Conclusion: Lower limb deep venous thrombosis affects left lower limb more than right and females more than males. Superficial femoral vein (SFV) and common femoral vein (CFV) are the most common affected veins. Lower limb DVT predominantly present in acute stage with venous distension and absent blood flow.
文摘BACKGROUND In developed countries,the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances before arriving at the hospital has been achieved through comprehensive studies,and this of course does not apply to Arab countries,as there are no current studies to support this.Therefore,this study is a preliminary measure of the economic feasibility of using ultrasound in ambulances in Saudi Arabia.AIM To measure the demand for ultrasound equipment in ambulances in Saudi Arabia.METHODS A cross-sectional study of five different groups of participants including radiation technologists,emergency physicians,paramedics,Red Crescent managers and the public.Email and social media were used to deliver a questionnaire to these groups.The questionnaire included specific questions to measure the purpose of ultrasound use in each group of participants.RESULTS Each group had some knowledge on ultrasound and its benefits.More than 50%in each study group supported the availability of ultrasound in ambulances.Additionally,60%of emergency physicians reported that they had difficulties in venous access,checking the presence of internal bleeding,recognizing pregnancy in trauma cases,and inserting endotracheal tubes,and the majority of them confirmed the effective role of ultrasound in achieving such tasks.Almost all paramedics(93.33%),physicians(98.89%),and Saudi Red Crescent managers(96.3%)emphasized the importance of communication between ambulance staff and emergency departments.Moreover,most physicians(77.78%),and technologists(82.73%)supported the presence of paramedics in ambulances to operate ultrasound in order to improve patient outcomes.CONCLUSION Most of the study groups evaluated had knowledge on ultrasound and supported the presence of ultrasound devices in ambulances.
文摘Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the sonographic findings in renal parenchymal diseases using gray-scale ultrasound in order to classify these diseases. The study design was a cross-sectional one. There were 204 patients who were suspected with renal diseases. They had been scanned with ultrasound to assess the kidneys. The echogenicity, renal cortex and paren-chyma, and cortico-medullary differentiation had been evaluated. Results: The study revealed that the echogenicity of renal parenchyma and cortex increased in all types of renal parenchymal diseases. The cortico-medullary differentiation was mainly disturbed in acute parenchymal disease (69.04%), loss in chronic end-stage parenchymal disease (85%);and there was significant difference (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: Ultrasound provided useful and accurate diagnosis of renal parenchymal diseases. In this study, renal parenchymal diseases had been classified into acute, chronic and end-stage renal parenchymal diseases.
文摘The aim of this study was to study the technical factors affecting the reading of TLD (LiF:Mg:Ti) for radiation dosimetry. The method adapted was an exposure of LiF:Mg:Ti crystal with?γ-ray with the following filters (Hp 0.07 and Hp?10), before and after usage of filter Hp?(0.07), annealing, cooling by nitrogen flux and crystal morphology by scanning electron microscope. The collected data analyzed by EXCELL software showed that: TLD average count/second (C/s) with filter Hp?(10) was greater than that obtained with filter Hp?(0.07) with an amount of 1191 c/s?(19%). Also the analysis showed that: the average C/s without filter Hp?(0.07) was greater than that with filter by an amount of 994.5 C/s (16.4%), and there was proportional linear relationship;as the applied dose increased the TLD C/s increased significantly (R2?=?0.9) based on the equations: y = 885.1x???286.5 and y = 860.5x?+ 856.8 for filtered and without filtered beam respectively, where?x?refers to applied dose in mGy and?y?refers to C/s. Also the average C/s without nitrogen flux (cooling) was greater than with nitrogen count with an amount of 52.4 C/s (11%). The annealing (without filter) causes a reduction in dose by 82.2?μGy (19.2%), and in case of annealing with filter, the dose reduced by 66.7?μGy (21.9%) relative to annealing without filter. The morphology of TLD crystal shown by scanning electron microscope SEM was a darkening surface after irradiation.
文摘Purpose: This study was done to assess the role of ultrasound in diagnosis of obstructive jaundice and to identify the most common causes and symptoms. Materials and methods: The study took place in different Khartoum clinical centers and hospitals in the period between Jan 2014 and July 2014. A total of 150 patients with obstructive jaundice were examined using ultrasound machine, 3.5 - 7 MHz probe. Results: The study revealed that 65.33 of the study population with obstructive jaundice were female and 34.67% was male. The most common affected groups were 46 - 65 years old and 25 - 45 years old. The common causes of obstructive jaundice were biliary stones (61.33%) which were common in females and abdominal masses (32.67%) which were common in females, too. Nausea, yellowish discoloration and abdominal pain were the most common symptoms (98%, 97.33% and 96.67% respectively). The causes of obstructive jaundice showed significant difference between males and females (P-value = 0.002). Conclusion: Ultrasound was superior diagnostic tool in detecting and assessing biliary system obstruction, because it was easy, available, accurate and noninvasive. The ageing and gender were considered as risk factors of obstructive jaundice.
文摘Purpose:To assess the effect of praziquantel(PZQ)treatment on liver echotexture and diameters of the portal and splenic veins.Materials and methods:This was a prospective study involving 86 known cases of schistosomiasis;these cases were examined via gray-scale sonography in 3-month intervals for a period of 6 months.The patients were categorized into two groups based on whether or not they were treated with PZQ.The liver,spleen,main portal vein(PV),and splenic vein(SV)were evaluated sonographically using 3.5-curvilinear transducers,according to a standard abdominal ultrasound protocol.Results:The liver echotexture and size were significantly recovered in patients who received PZQ therapy compared to those who did not use the drug(p-values<0.001).PZQ caused significant reduction in diameters of the PV and SV(p-value<0.001).Conclusion:Liver size and echotexture and diameters of PV and SV improved well as a result of Praziquantel therapy in patients with chronic Schistosoma infection.Treatment of Schistosomiasis is necessary to prevent liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension.
