Amid China’s rapid economic growth,significant regional imbalances persisted.To address this disparity,it is essential to pursue high-quality development by fostering endogenous drivers within poverty-stricken areas....Amid China’s rapid economic growth,significant regional imbalances persisted.To address this disparity,it is essential to pursue high-quality development by fostering endogenous drivers within poverty-stricken areas.In late 2011,the Chinese government introduced a new nationwide regional poverty alleviation and development program.This study examines the macroeconomic impacts and micro-level mechanisms of these policies by leveraging manually compiled policy documents and macro and micro data(county economies,enterprises,and land transactions),using a DID approach.The findings reveal that the program significantly boosted economic growth in poor regions without causing negative spillovers to neighboring or paired-assistance areas.Economic growth in the assisted regions was primarily driven by industrialization,encompassing both scale expansion and efficiency gains.A cost-benefit analysis further confirms substantial economic returns and long-term fiscal sustainability.These results provide important policy implications for refining regional poverty policies and advancing balanced development.展开更多
The world today is undergoing disruptive,transformative shifts driven by a new wave of technological revolutions and industrial changes.In this context,a central question for China’s innovation-driven development str...The world today is undergoing disruptive,transformative shifts driven by a new wave of technological revolutions and industrial changes.In this context,a central question for China’s innovation-driven development strategy is how to effectively identify and measure high-quality technological innovations.Drawing on the stylized facts and scenario narrative of China’s technological landscape,this paper proposes a framework and measurement system for evaluating high-quality technological innovations.While China’s top-level design for technological innovation is guided by policy documents,the increasing number of enterprises applying for“high-tech enterprise”status has coincided with a decline in the quality of patent filings.In response,this paper first underscores the challenges and necessity of measuring the quality of technological innovations.Second,we introduce the high-quality technological innovation indicators and employ them to assess the quality of tech innovations at the firm level,utilizing an approach that combines analogical narrative,gene coding,text analysis,semantic logic,and a database of granted invention patents in China.Third,we examine the systematic and individual biases inherent in citation counts,a commonly used indicator,under specific contexts,and employ a granular instrumental variable approach to validate the effectiveness of the indicators.Finally,we develop a“family tree”of the indicators and explore their application scenarios through a combination of established and extended indicators.Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for evaluating China’s technological innovation quality,inform policy incentives,and offer insights for academia to apply high-quality technological innovation indicators in different contexts.展开更多
Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglom...Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglomeration and driving high-quality development.DZs attract and accommodate resource factors,firms,and projects,thereby functioning as a central catalyst for economic growth.This study utilizes data collected at the“DZ,City and Countrycountry”levels through manual compilation,textual analysis,and innovation measurement.It aims to empirically examine the theoretical rationale and practical preferences for promoting business and investment in China’s DZs.This study considers several factors such as industry attribute,firm attribute,agglomeration theory,and industrial chain layout.Based on our research findings,DZs exhibit distinct preferences.First,industry attribute:DZs align with both national and regional strategic planning and adhere to the industrial endowments of the respective areas.Second,firm attribute:DZs prioritize attracting firms that are productive and innovative,and have an international presence,rather than those that primarily contribute to taxes and job creation.Third,DZs are guided by the agglomeration theory,which suggests that they prefer firms that generate strong agglomeration externalities.Lastly,DZs also consider the industrial chain layout,aiming to attract firms that not only align with their existing industrial strengths but also extend to the upstream and downstream supply chain links.These conclusions are substantiated by the performance of robustness test.The success of DZs in China can be attributed to the five key principles:Adherence to national and regional strategic planning,prioritizing the actual industrial foundation,incorporating the theory of agglomeration externalities,strengthening corporate competitiveness,and expanding industrial chains.展开更多
After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,globalization began to derail,whereas regional integration and multilateral economic and trade cooperation driven by inter-state politics became the main trend.In the face o...After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,globalization began to derail,whereas regional integration and multilateral economic and trade cooperation driven by inter-state politics became the main trend.In the face of climate risks,the pandemic,trade frictions and other severe man-made or non-man-made“black swan”events,wide cracks have opened in the global system of labor division and cooperation,plunging globalization into further grave uncertainty.Meanwhile the United Nations has repeatedly pointed to the climate emergency,calling for international cooperation to respond to the triple planetary emergencies of climate change,biodiversity and pollution.1 The sustainable development of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)requires a coordinated approach to deal with different factors such as cleaner air,water,food and energy.This is not only significant for high-quality Belt and Road construction,but also for the new development paradigm of domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other.As global green governance steps up,the green BRI may correct the current global governance deficit and boost a green recovery in the post COVID-19 era,making up for the lack of sufficient green public goods2 while facilitating the establishment of a global ecological civilization.展开更多
A creative economy is one of the latest trends in the global cultural economic development,with innovation and creation being the driving force of the global economy and cultural practice.To transform cultural industr...A creative economy is one of the latest trends in the global cultural economic development,with innovation and creation being the driving force of the global economy and cultural practice.To transform cultural industries into cultural and creative industries,the priority is economic restructuring,and specifically upgrading low-end manufacturing through creation.From the Internet way of thinking to"Internet+,"from theories to practice,high technologies represented by the Internet have deeply integrated with culture,thereby opening a new dimension of innovation and creation to enhance the dynamics of creative industries and a creative economy.The fast-growing maker movement is an excellent strategy for China to develop into a great country of originality.Core contents of this movement include facilitating national originality,achieving leaping development of originality of our cultural and creative industries,promoting Internet celebrity economy,VR,AR,and other new experiments and new forms.What should correspond to"Internet+"and"Maker space"is"Culture+".It is vital to notice that culture,esthetics and ethics are in fact missing in the development of our cultural and creative industries.展开更多
IT has become clear that countries across the world need to further deepen cooperation to win the global battle against the novel coronavirus outbreak,and raise global awareness in order to build a community with a sh...IT has become clear that countries across the world need to further deepen cooperation to win the global battle against the novel coronavirus outbreak,and raise global awareness in order to build a community with a shared future for mankind.展开更多
On November 12,Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong witnessed representatives of their respective governments sign Protocol to Upgrade the Free Trade Agreement in Singapore.The sig...On November 12,Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong witnessed representatives of their respective governments sign Protocol to Upgrade the Free Trade Agreement in Singapore.The signing of the protocol heralds deepening of economic and trade relations between the two countries-the most important and substantial achievement China has made in the construction of free trade areas.This is also the third upgraded bilateral free trade agreement(FTA)China has signed with foreign partners after agreements with ASEAN and Chile.展开更多
The 2019 World Economic Forum (WEF)Annual Meeting,'convened in Davos,Switzerland,on January 22-25 under the theme of Globali zation 4.0:Shaping a New Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, br...The 2019 World Economic Forum (WEF)Annual Meeting,'convened in Davos,Switzerland,on January 22-25 under the theme of Globali zation 4.0:Shaping a New Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, brdught together senior government officials,executives from major global com- panies,leaders of international organizations and non-governmental organizations, and other prominent figures for intensive deliberations.展开更多
THERE＇S always good news for farmers and therural community at the beginning of the year. This year is of no exception. On February 5.2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council ...THERE＇S always good news for farmers and therural community at the beginning of the year. This year is of no exception. On February 5.2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council jointly released this year＇s ＂No.1 Central Document.＂ entitled Opinions on Deepening Supply-Side Structural Reform in Agriculture and Accelerating the Cul tivation of New Growth Engines for Agricultural Reform and Rural Areas, This is the 14th straight year that the ＂No.1 Central Document＂ targets agricultural and rural development and farmers.展开更多
The iron element in electric arc furnace(EAF)slag is extremely difficult to recycle due to the low specific magnetic susceptibility of the RO phase(a solid solution of FeO,MgO,CaO,and MnO).Landfilling EAF slag is stri...The iron element in electric arc furnace(EAF)slag is extremely difficult to recycle due to the low specific magnetic susceptibility of the RO phase(a solid solution of FeO,MgO,CaO,and MnO).Landfilling EAF slag is strictly forbidden for environmental consideration because of poisonous Cr^(6+)leaching.The original RO phase could be transformed to a spinel structure,whose specific magnetic susceptibility is much higher than that of other minerals,through hot modification,resulting in significantly increased iron recovery by magnetic separation.Precipitation of spinel crystals encloses chromium,such that iron and chromium could be recovered simultaneously.The chromium in obtained iron concentrates is considerably useful for stainless steel making rather than polluting the environment.As a result,recovering iron and chromium is truly beneficial for cleaner production.Hot modification of EAF slag should be conducted at 1500-1600ºC for at least 60 min to guarantee homogeneous liquid slag.The liquid slag was poured onto an iron mold to obtain modified slag(MS)through air quenching.MS was characterized by thermodynamic analysis,X-ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy to correlate the relationship between mineral structures and iron recovery.The iron recovery rate of MS first increased and then decreased with increasing modifier.It was less than 10%when the modifier addition amount was below 12 wt.%,but it increased rapidly as the modifier addition amount increased from 16 to 24 wt.%,mainly due to spinel formation.The highest iron recovery rate was 81.9%when the modifier amount reached 20 wt.%.Meanwhile,Cr^(6+)was enriched in the spinel phase but was not observed in other minerals.Industrial tests were performed on-site with the modifier ranging from 12 to 18 wt.%because additional heat was not provided during the tests.Results showed that MS with 18 wt.%modifier addition exhibited an iron recovery rate of 61.0%,much higher than that(34.6%)of the original slag.展开更多
In this paper we assess the causal relationship between international crude oil price changes and the RMB exchange rate using daily information from 21 July 2005 to 5 April 2017.In addition to linear causality tests,w...In this paper we assess the causal relationship between international crude oil price changes and the RMB exchange rate using daily information from 21 July 2005 to 5 April 2017.In addition to linear causality tests,we employ quantile causality test to.identify prior imperceptible causplity in quantiles.We find a causal relationship from crude oil price to exchange rate at each quantile interval,but the reverse only appears in tail.This may help to explain why a traditional linear test fails to capture the causality from exchange rate to crude oil price as the quantile causalities in tails are canceled out by each other:Moreover;using RMB as the settlement currency in crude oil trade can weaken the prior significant causal relationships between crude oil price and exchange rate,whereas the reform of exchange rate marketization reignites the tail causalities from exchange rate to crude oil price.These findings recommend a wider use of domestic currencies in crude oil trade to avoid risk from the crude oil market.展开更多
Increasing household energy consumption, mainly due to consumption upgrading, will create tough challenges for China if that country is to achieve peak carbon emissions in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060. However, ...Increasing household energy consumption, mainly due to consumption upgrading, will create tough challenges for China if that country is to achieve peak carbon emissions in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060. However, this critical issue has not been explored comprehensively in the literature. Using China Family Panel Studies data and the distribution dynamics approach, this article is the first study to examine the relationship between quality of life (QOL) (proxied by consumption upgrading) and relative household energy consumption (RHEC). The results show that convergence clubs exist in all QOL groups for the RHEC, but they are more evident in the groups with lower middle and low QOL. This is encouraging because they suggest that an improvement in QOL does not necessarily lead to a higher level of energy consumption. The dataset was then divided into rural-urban and regional subgroups to further explore the impacts of these different characteristics on energy consumption. Significant disparities are found among the same QOL groups between urban and rural households and among different regions. The results derived from this study lead to pragmatic policy suggestions in areas including energy saving, emissions reduction, and particularly alleviation of inequality.展开更多
China’s Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of 2018 stressed that the top priority for 2019 is to promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.At present,the most fundamental factor...China’s Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of 2018 stressed that the top priority for 2019 is to promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.At present,the most fundamental factors in the continued downward trend of China’s economic growth momentum are declines in fixed-asset investment in the manufacturing sector and low growth level of industrial added value.Therefore,the core tasks for maintaining China’s high-quality economic development at the current stage are to strengthen the capability of China’s manufacturing-oriented real economy to independently innovate,especially innovation breakthroughs in core technologies in the manufacturing sector;fundamentally activate the endogenous driving force for transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing system;and fully stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship among private,micro-,small-,and medium-sized enterprises.展开更多
During the past decade, China＇s outward direct investment （ODI） and exports have experienced rapid growth, drawing increasing attention to the relationship between them. Using the gravity model based on panel data ...During the past decade, China＇s outward direct investment （ODI） and exports have experienced rapid growth, drawing increasing attention to the relationship between them. Using the gravity model based on panel data on China ＇s ODI and trade to 174 countries and regions during 2003-2012, the present paper investigates the impacts of China＇s ODI on exports. We find that China＇s ODI to a host country significantly promotes China＇s trade with that economy： a lO-percent increase in ODI stock can lead to a 2.14-percent increase in exports, a 2.07-percent increase in imports and a 2.87-percent increase in net exports. The scale of the host country＇s economy, its infrastructure and its distance to China also have significant impacts on China＇s exports. Therefore, growth in ODI will facilitate China＇s trade and integration into the global economy, and enhance industrial upgrading in China by transferring the low-end industries abroad.展开更多
The rapid urbanization of China has increased pressure on its environmental and ecological well being. In this study, the temporal and spatial profiles of China＇s carbon dioxide emissions are analyzed by taking heter...The rapid urbanization of China has increased pressure on its environmental and ecological well being. In this study, the temporal and spatial profiles of China＇s carbon dioxide emissions are analyzed by taking heterogeneities into account based on an integration of the extended stochastic impacts using a geographically and temporally weighted regression model on population, affluence, and technology. Population size, urbanization rate, GDP per capita, energy intensity, industrial structure, energy consumption pattern, energy prices, and economy openness are identified as the key driving factors of regional carbon dioxide emissions and examined through the empirical data for 30 provinces during 2006-2010. The results show the driving factors and their spillover effects have distinct spatial and temporal heterogeneities. Most of the estimated time and space coefficients are consistent with expectation. According to the results of this study, the heterogeneous spatial and temporal effects should be taken into account when designing policies to achieve the goals of carbon dioxide emissions reduction in different regions.展开更多
This paper improves the estimation of firm-level total factor productivity(TFP)by considering energy use and including small-and medium-sized enterprises using data from the Chinese National Tax Survey Database(2008-2...This paper improves the estimation of firm-level total factor productivity(TFP)by considering energy use and including small-and medium-sized enterprises using data from the Chinese National Tax Survey Database(2008-2011).It analyzes the production efficiency of Chinese manufacturing firms using the improved TFP data and finds that(i)the TFP data frequently used in previous studies overestimated firms'real production efficiency;(i)the TFP of manufacturing firms decreased from 2008 to 2011 due to declines in both technical efficiency and allocation efficiency,(ii)the lower capacity utilization of production factors led to lower technical efficiency;and(iv)allocation efficiency decreased more in provinces and industries with higher shares of state-owned enterprises.The findings have policy implications for enhancing growth potential in the long run.展开更多
The 2019 World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting,convened in Davos, Switzerland,on January 21-24 under the theme of Globalization 4.0:Shaping a New Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,brought...The 2019 World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting,convened in Davos, Switzerland,on January 21-24 under the theme of Globalization 4.0:Shaping a New Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,brought together senior government officials,executives from major global companies,leaders of international organizations and non-governmental organizations, and other prominent figures for intensive deliberations.展开更多
With China’s political season approaching,how is the economy performing?When China’s top lawmakers and political advisers convene their annual sessions in Beijing in March,the economy will be at the top of their age...With China’s political season approaching,how is the economy performing?When China’s top lawmakers and political advisers convene their annual sessions in Beijing in March,the economy will be at the top of their agenda.展开更多
On February 5,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council,China’s cabinet,jointly released the No.1 Central Document of 2017,
The blockchain,a kind of digital ledger of econom ic transactions,is characterized by decentralization,a timestamped series of immutable records of data and collective maintenance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.72173131)for“Research on New Trends and Driving Forces in China’s Labor Income Share:A Micro Perspective Based on Enterprise Behavior”the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M743940)for“Research on the Income Distribution Effects of Transport Infrastructure Construction:Theoretical Analysis and Quantitative Assessment”.
文摘Amid China’s rapid economic growth,significant regional imbalances persisted.To address this disparity,it is essential to pursue high-quality development by fostering endogenous drivers within poverty-stricken areas.In late 2011,the Chinese government introduced a new nationwide regional poverty alleviation and development program.This study examines the macroeconomic impacts and micro-level mechanisms of these policies by leveraging manually compiled policy documents and macro and micro data(county economies,enterprises,and land transactions),using a DID approach.The findings reveal that the program significantly boosted economic growth in poor regions without causing negative spillovers to neighboring or paired-assistance areas.Economic growth in the assisted regions was primarily driven by industrialization,encompassing both scale expansion and efficiency gains.A cost-benefit analysis further confirms substantial economic returns and long-term fiscal sustainability.These results provide important policy implications for refining regional poverty policies and advancing balanced development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under the following projects:“Towards High-Quality Technological Innovation in Chinese Cities:Measurement,Mechanism,and Effects”(Grant No.72073093)“Implementation Effects and Micro-Mechanisms of China’s Industrial Policy:A Study of the Steel Industry from the Perspective of Implementation Mechanisms”(Grant No.72373160)“Research on Capital Circles and Enterprise Innovation Quality:Mechanisms and Economic Effects”(Grant No.71872150).
文摘The world today is undergoing disruptive,transformative shifts driven by a new wave of technological revolutions and industrial changes.In this context,a central question for China’s innovation-driven development strategy is how to effectively identify and measure high-quality technological innovations.Drawing on the stylized facts and scenario narrative of China’s technological landscape,this paper proposes a framework and measurement system for evaluating high-quality technological innovations.While China’s top-level design for technological innovation is guided by policy documents,the increasing number of enterprises applying for“high-tech enterprise”status has coincided with a decline in the quality of patent filings.In response,this paper first underscores the challenges and necessity of measuring the quality of technological innovations.Second,we introduce the high-quality technological innovation indicators and employ them to assess the quality of tech innovations at the firm level,utilizing an approach that combines analogical narrative,gene coding,text analysis,semantic logic,and a database of granted invention patents in China.Third,we examine the systematic and individual biases inherent in citation counts,a commonly used indicator,under specific contexts,and employ a granular instrumental variable approach to validate the effectiveness of the indicators.Finally,we develop a“family tree”of the indicators and explore their application scenarios through a combination of established and extended indicators.Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for evaluating China’s technological innovation quality,inform policy incentives,and offer insights for academia to apply high-quality technological innovation indicators in different contexts.
基金sponsored by the General Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(72073093)the General Project of the Scientific Research Fund of Renmin University of China(21XNA008)the Key Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(20&ZD118).
文摘Development zones(DZs)have emerged as a significant policy initiative for promoting regional coordination and facilitating resources allocation.They serve as an organizational framework for fostering industrial agglomeration and driving high-quality development.DZs attract and accommodate resource factors,firms,and projects,thereby functioning as a central catalyst for economic growth.This study utilizes data collected at the“DZ,City and Countrycountry”levels through manual compilation,textual analysis,and innovation measurement.It aims to empirically examine the theoretical rationale and practical preferences for promoting business and investment in China’s DZs.This study considers several factors such as industry attribute,firm attribute,agglomeration theory,and industrial chain layout.Based on our research findings,DZs exhibit distinct preferences.First,industry attribute:DZs align with both national and regional strategic planning and adhere to the industrial endowments of the respective areas.Second,firm attribute:DZs prioritize attracting firms that are productive and innovative,and have an international presence,rather than those that primarily contribute to taxes and job creation.Third,DZs are guided by the agglomeration theory,which suggests that they prefer firms that generate strong agglomeration externalities.Lastly,DZs also consider the industrial chain layout,aiming to attract firms that not only align with their existing industrial strengths but also extend to the upstream and downstream supply chain links.These conclusions are substantiated by the performance of robustness test.The success of DZs in China can be attributed to the five key principles:Adherence to national and regional strategic planning,prioritizing the actual industrial foundation,incorporating the theory of agglomeration externalities,strengthening corporate competitiveness,and expanding industrial chains.
文摘After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic,globalization began to derail,whereas regional integration and multilateral economic and trade cooperation driven by inter-state politics became the main trend.In the face of climate risks,the pandemic,trade frictions and other severe man-made or non-man-made“black swan”events,wide cracks have opened in the global system of labor division and cooperation,plunging globalization into further grave uncertainty.Meanwhile the United Nations has repeatedly pointed to the climate emergency,calling for international cooperation to respond to the triple planetary emergencies of climate change,biodiversity and pollution.1 The sustainable development of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)requires a coordinated approach to deal with different factors such as cleaner air,water,food and energy.This is not only significant for high-quality Belt and Road construction,but also for the new development paradigm of domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other.As global green governance steps up,the green BRI may correct the current global governance deficit and boost a green recovery in the post COVID-19 era,making up for the lack of sufficient green public goods2 while facilitating the establishment of a global ecological civilization.
基金This paper has been translated and reprinted with the permission of Journal of Renmin University of China,No.4,2016.
文摘A creative economy is one of the latest trends in the global cultural economic development,with innovation and creation being the driving force of the global economy and cultural practice.To transform cultural industries into cultural and creative industries,the priority is economic restructuring,and specifically upgrading low-end manufacturing through creation.From the Internet way of thinking to"Internet+,"from theories to practice,high technologies represented by the Internet have deeply integrated with culture,thereby opening a new dimension of innovation and creation to enhance the dynamics of creative industries and a creative economy.The fast-growing maker movement is an excellent strategy for China to develop into a great country of originality.Core contents of this movement include facilitating national originality,achieving leaping development of originality of our cultural and creative industries,promoting Internet celebrity economy,VR,AR,and other new experiments and new forms.What should correspond to"Internet+"and"Maker space"is"Culture+".It is vital to notice that culture,esthetics and ethics are in fact missing in the development of our cultural and creative industries.
文摘IT has become clear that countries across the world need to further deepen cooperation to win the global battle against the novel coronavirus outbreak,and raise global awareness in order to build a community with a shared future for mankind.
文摘On November 12,Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Singaporean Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong witnessed representatives of their respective governments sign Protocol to Upgrade the Free Trade Agreement in Singapore.The signing of the protocol heralds deepening of economic and trade relations between the two countries-the most important and substantial achievement China has made in the construction of free trade areas.This is also the third upgraded bilateral free trade agreement(FTA)China has signed with foreign partners after agreements with ASEAN and Chile.
文摘The 2019 World Economic Forum (WEF)Annual Meeting,'convened in Davos,Switzerland,on January 22-25 under the theme of Globali zation 4.0:Shaping a New Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, brdught together senior government officials,executives from major global com- panies,leaders of international organizations and non-governmental organizations, and other prominent figures for intensive deliberations.
文摘THERE＇S always good news for farmers and therural community at the beginning of the year. This year is of no exception. On February 5.2017, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council jointly released this year＇s ＂No.1 Central Document.＂ entitled Opinions on Deepening Supply-Side Structural Reform in Agriculture and Accelerating the Cul tivation of New Growth Engines for Agricultural Reform and Rural Areas, This is the 14th straight year that the ＂No.1 Central Document＂ targets agricultural and rural development and farmers.
基金supported by Sichuan Province Science_and Technology Program(201904a05020008)Anhui Province Science and Technology Program(2019YFSY0029)the Open Project Funding from State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials(No.SWR-2017-005).
文摘The iron element in electric arc furnace(EAF)slag is extremely difficult to recycle due to the low specific magnetic susceptibility of the RO phase(a solid solution of FeO,MgO,CaO,and MnO).Landfilling EAF slag is strictly forbidden for environmental consideration because of poisonous Cr^(6+)leaching.The original RO phase could be transformed to a spinel structure,whose specific magnetic susceptibility is much higher than that of other minerals,through hot modification,resulting in significantly increased iron recovery by magnetic separation.Precipitation of spinel crystals encloses chromium,such that iron and chromium could be recovered simultaneously.The chromium in obtained iron concentrates is considerably useful for stainless steel making rather than polluting the environment.As a result,recovering iron and chromium is truly beneficial for cleaner production.Hot modification of EAF slag should be conducted at 1500-1600ºC for at least 60 min to guarantee homogeneous liquid slag.The liquid slag was poured onto an iron mold to obtain modified slag(MS)through air quenching.MS was characterized by thermodynamic analysis,X-ray diffraction,and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy to correlate the relationship between mineral structures and iron recovery.The iron recovery rate of MS first increased and then decreased with increasing modifier.It was less than 10%when the modifier addition amount was below 12 wt.%,but it increased rapidly as the modifier addition amount increased from 16 to 24 wt.%,mainly due to spinel formation.The highest iron recovery rate was 81.9%when the modifier amount reached 20 wt.%.Meanwhile,Cr^(6+)was enriched in the spinel phase but was not observed in other minerals.Industrial tests were performed on-site with the modifier ranging from 12 to 18 wt.%because additional heat was not provided during the tests.Results showed that MS with 18 wt.%modifier addition exhibited an iron recovery rate of 61.0%,much higher than that(34.6%)of the original slag.
基金The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71703086)the National Social Science Fund of China(No.18AZD010)the Program for Innovative Research Team of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics.
文摘In this paper we assess the causal relationship between international crude oil price changes and the RMB exchange rate using daily information from 21 July 2005 to 5 April 2017.In addition to linear causality tests,we employ quantile causality test to.identify prior imperceptible causplity in quantiles.We find a causal relationship from crude oil price to exchange rate at each quantile interval,but the reverse only appears in tail.This may help to explain why a traditional linear test fails to capture the causality from exchange rate to crude oil price as the quantile causalities in tails are canceled out by each other:Moreover;using RMB as the settlement currency in crude oil trade can weaken the prior significant causal relationships between crude oil price and exchange rate,whereas the reform of exchange rate marketization reignites the tail causalities from exchange rate to crude oil price.These findings recommend a wider use of domestic currencies in crude oil trade to avoid risk from the crude oil market.
基金This research was supported financially by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71828401)the Beijing Social Science Fund Project(No.19LJB001)+1 种基金the Program for Innovation Research in Central University of Finance and Economicsthe Beijing Research Center of the Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era(No.19LLLJA001).
文摘Increasing household energy consumption, mainly due to consumption upgrading, will create tough challenges for China if that country is to achieve peak carbon emissions in 2030 and carbon neutrality in 2060. However, this critical issue has not been explored comprehensively in the literature. Using China Family Panel Studies data and the distribution dynamics approach, this article is the first study to examine the relationship between quality of life (QOL) (proxied by consumption upgrading) and relative household energy consumption (RHEC). The results show that convergence clubs exist in all QOL groups for the RHEC, but they are more evident in the groups with lower middle and low QOL. This is encouraging because they suggest that an improvement in QOL does not necessarily lead to a higher level of energy consumption. The dataset was then divided into rural-urban and regional subgroups to further explore the impacts of these different characteristics on energy consumption. Significant disparities are found among the same QOL groups between urban and rural households and among different regions. The results derived from this study lead to pragmatic policy suggestions in areas including energy saving, emissions reduction, and particularly alleviation of inequality.
文摘China’s Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of 2018 stressed that the top priority for 2019 is to promote the high-quality development of the manufacturing industry.At present,the most fundamental factors in the continued downward trend of China’s economic growth momentum are declines in fixed-asset investment in the manufacturing sector and low growth level of industrial added value.Therefore,the core tasks for maintaining China’s high-quality economic development at the current stage are to strengthen the capability of China’s manufacturing-oriented real economy to independently innovate,especially innovation breakthroughs in core technologies in the manufacturing sector;fundamentally activate the endogenous driving force for transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing system;and fully stimulate innovation and entrepreneurship among private,micro-,small-,and medium-sized enterprises.
文摘During the past decade, China＇s outward direct investment （ODI） and exports have experienced rapid growth, drawing increasing attention to the relationship between them. Using the gravity model based on panel data on China ＇s ODI and trade to 174 countries and regions during 2003-2012, the present paper investigates the impacts of China＇s ODI on exports. We find that China＇s ODI to a host country significantly promotes China＇s trade with that economy： a lO-percent increase in ODI stock can lead to a 2.14-percent increase in exports, a 2.07-percent increase in imports and a 2.87-percent increase in net exports. The scale of the host country＇s economy, its infrastructure and its distance to China also have significant impacts on China＇s exports. Therefore, growth in ODI will facilitate China＇s trade and integration into the global economy, and enhance industrial upgrading in China by transferring the low-end industries abroad.
基金Acknowledgements We thank two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on the earlier version of this paper and Dr. Leo Lester for proof reading. Valuable discussion and suggestions from Professor Tasawar Hayat and Professor Ahmed Alsaedi are highly appreciated. This study has been supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 71473242, 71403285, and 71403017）, the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2012CB955700）, and the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （No. XDA05140300）.
文摘The rapid urbanization of China has increased pressure on its environmental and ecological well being. In this study, the temporal and spatial profiles of China＇s carbon dioxide emissions are analyzed by taking heterogeneities into account based on an integration of the extended stochastic impacts using a geographically and temporally weighted regression model on population, affluence, and technology. Population size, urbanization rate, GDP per capita, energy intensity, industrial structure, energy consumption pattern, energy prices, and economy openness are identified as the key driving factors of regional carbon dioxide emissions and examined through the empirical data for 30 provinces during 2006-2010. The results show the driving factors and their spillover effects have distinct spatial and temporal heterogeneities. Most of the estimated time and space coefficients are consistent with expectation. According to the results of this study, the heterogeneous spatial and temporal effects should be taken into account when designing policies to achieve the goals of carbon dioxide emissions reduction in different regions.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72273157)Research Program of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education of China(No.22YJA790096)Special Program of Philosophy and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education.
文摘This paper improves the estimation of firm-level total factor productivity(TFP)by considering energy use and including small-and medium-sized enterprises using data from the Chinese National Tax Survey Database(2008-2011).It analyzes the production efficiency of Chinese manufacturing firms using the improved TFP data and finds that(i)the TFP data frequently used in previous studies overestimated firms'real production efficiency;(i)the TFP of manufacturing firms decreased from 2008 to 2011 due to declines in both technical efficiency and allocation efficiency,(ii)the lower capacity utilization of production factors led to lower technical efficiency;and(iv)allocation efficiency decreased more in provinces and industries with higher shares of state-owned enterprises.The findings have policy implications for enhancing growth potential in the long run.
文摘The 2019 World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting,convened in Davos, Switzerland,on January 21-24 under the theme of Globalization 4.0:Shaping a New Architecture in the Age of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,brought together senior government officials,executives from major global companies,leaders of international organizations and non-governmental organizations, and other prominent figures for intensive deliberations.
文摘With China’s political season approaching,how is the economy performing?When China’s top lawmakers and political advisers convene their annual sessions in Beijing in March,the economy will be at the top of their agenda.
文摘On February 5,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council,China’s cabinet,jointly released the No.1 Central Document of 2017,
文摘The blockchain,a kind of digital ledger of econom ic transactions,is characterized by decentralization,a timestamped series of immutable records of data and collective maintenance.
