The uneven distribution of medical resources has led to increasingly frequent patient mobility;however, the interaction between this phenomenon and the healthcare supply-demand relationship remains underexplored. The ...The uneven distribution of medical resources has led to increasingly frequent patient mobility;however, the interaction between this phenomenon and the healthcare supply-demand relationship remains underexplored. The present study constructed the 2023Cross-City Patient Mobility Network in China using one million patient mobility data records obtained from online healthcare platforms. We applied urban network analysis to uncover mobility patterns and used the coupling coordination degree model to assess healthcare supply-demand relationships before and after patient mobility. Explainable machine learning further revealed the impact of supply-demand coupling on patient mobility. The results indicated the following: Patient mobility followed administrative boundaries, although megacities serve areas beyond provincial borders;The scale of healthcare supply and demand displayed a multi-centric spatial pattern with a general decline from east to west, and these characteristics of demand distribution were further solidified by patient mobility;Cities with low supply-demand coupling and undersupply experienced patient outflows, while cities with high coupling and oversupply attracted them. In turn, patient mobility helped balance healthcare supply and demand, optimising the coupling relationship across cities. Thus, this research not only provides a methodological reference for understanding the interaction between patient mobility and healthcare systems but also offers empirical insights for public health policy.展开更多
Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanizat...Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanization from 2000 to 2020 in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using a kilometer-grid-based approach.By employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling method,the intricate drivers of agricultural space urbanization were investigated.The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020,agricultural space urbanization in the YREB covered an area of 28,198 km^(2),accounting for 84.5%of the total increase in urban space.The partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis revealed regional variations in agricultural space urbanization dynamics.In the western YREB,where urbanization is in its initial stage,natural conditions play a weak and indirect role,whereas policy incentives and socioeconomic growth are equally significant in driving agricultural space urbanization.In the eastern YREB,where urbanization is more saturated,the agricultural space urbanization is less constrained by natural factors,showing a high synergy with socioeconomic development.Conversely,in the central Yangtze River Economic Belt,policy influences surpass socioeconomic factors,whereas unfavorable natural conditions and agricultural development act as key drivers of agricultural space urbanization.This study suggests that enhancing agricultural space urbanization quality requires strengthening region-specific policies,providing targeted support for remote areas,rebalancing policy orientation in rapidly urbanizing regions,and establishing a comprehensive evaluation system to ensure policy rationality.展开更多
Based on development data relating to China–Africa International Cooperation Parks(CAICPs)from 2003 to 2018,this study examined the transnational investment network of CAICPs using the social network analysis method....Based on development data relating to China–Africa International Cooperation Parks(CAICPs)from 2003 to 2018,this study examined the transnational investment network of CAICPs using the social network analysis method.The number of CAICPs is increasing.Textiles and apparel,agricultural and food processing,trade logistics and management,building materials and construction,and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing are the leading industries chosen by most CAICPs.These parks have promoted the economic and social development of African countries,driving the urbanization of the regions in which the parks are located,and they have also benefited China.The network of CAICPs involves China,African countries,and third-party investors.The network is becoming increasingly complex and has an increasingly high density.However,the key node countries and provincial units remain relatively stable despite changes in the network structure.The center of gravity of the network has shown noticeable deviations and regression,and inter-provincial investment cooperation has also been increasing.China–Africa cooperation drives the evolution of the network.In China,the investment of enterprises in Africa is affected by domestic policy,economic pursuit,and investment security.In Africa,the development of CAICPs is driven by development policies and achievements,and it is influenced by African countries’business environments.展开更多
Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists' perceived value dimensions,behavioral int...Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists' perceived value dimensions,behavioral intention and revisit intention.Additionally,the influence of tourists' perceived value dimensions on the behavioral intention and revisit intention was explored.The results show that the utilitarian value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' behavioral intention,while the convenience value and aesthetic value have no significant influence.The service value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' behavioral intention,and the aesthetic value only significantly affects the inbound tourists' behavioral intention.The utilitarian value,service value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' revisit intention,while the convenience value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' revisit intention.The utilitarian value is the primary factor affecting the inbound tourists' behavioral intention and revisit intention,and the perceived price has no significant effect on either inbound or domestic tourists' behavioral intention or revisit intention.The study explores the relationships between tourists' perceived value,behavioral intention and revisit intention,analyzes the divergence and causation,theoretically enriches the research field of tourism geography and behavioral geography,and has great practical significance to the sustainable development of mega events in China,including the further development of the Shanghai World Expo.展开更多
The development of electronic information technology has made workplace gossip more ubiquitous.As a part of interpersonal communication on informal occasions,positive workplace gossip affects individuals’mood,cogni-t...The development of electronic information technology has made workplace gossip more ubiquitous.As a part of interpersonal communication on informal occasions,positive workplace gossip affects individuals’mood,cogni-tion,and behaviors.In light of this and based on the Social Interdependence Theory,the study proposed that positive workplace gossip has a negative effect on employee silence,and psychological safety mediates this rela-tionship.In addition,the promotion-focused moderates the relationship between psychological safety and employee silence.Based on a two-wave sampling design from 311 innovative enterprises employees,the results of Structural Equation Model by AMOS 22.0 and Mplus 7.0 supported all the hypotheses.Results revealed that positive workplace gossip can decrease the employee silence through the mediating role of psychological safety and moderating role of promotion-focused.Thesefindings provided theoretical implications and practical sugges-tions for enterprise managers to create positive communication climate to reduce employee silence.展开更多
Health is important to economic development, and economic development has an important impact on health outcomes. Health Expenditure makes up a substantial part of the global economy. In the world, the costs of health...Health is important to economic development, and economic development has an important impact on health outcomes. Health Expenditure makes up a substantial part of the global economy. In the world, the costs of healthcare are increasing;patients are compelled to pay more for treatment, and that makes a lot of people faced to Catastrophic Health Expenditures (CHE) and in long run fall below the poverty line. One of the most urgent and vexing challenges faced by many low- and middle-income countries is how to provide health care for the more than two billion poor people who live in these areas (developing countries). As much as more than 65% (in 2014) of total private health care expenditure in low-income countries comes from out-of-pocket payment by patients. In addition, according to World Bank report (2007), in low and lower middle-income countries was speared nearly 13% of global health spending with 87% the global disease burden. The WHO considers health financing models with high risk pooled, such as health insurance and prepaid schemes, a promising means for achieving universal health-care coverage and promotion health care. A crucial concept in health financing is that of pooling. The WHO defines risk-pooling as the “accumulation and management of revenues in such a way as to ensure that the risk of having to pay for health care is borne by all members of the pool and not by each contributor individually”. The larger degree of pooling, the less people will have to bear the health financial risks. Furthermore, adopting and operating financing policies based on greeter risk pooling/sharing (prepayments) are recommended to all countries (especially in low and lower-middle income countries). It means risk sharing/pooling plays a key role in all financing systems for achieving effectiveness and efficiency health systems.展开更多
Power supply and demand inJanuary-September, 2007Since 2007, the national economy developed continu-ously, showing a situation of rapid growth, more optimizedstructure, increased efficiency and improvement of people&#...Power supply and demand inJanuary-September, 2007Since 2007, the national economy developed continu-ously, showing a situation of rapid growth, more optimizedstructure, increased efficiency and improvement of people'slivelihood. In the first three quarters, GDP achieved 16.6043trillion Yuan, and its year-on-year growth rate was 11.5%;展开更多
Objective: To explore possible consequences of short stays in hospitals, as these short contacts reduce the patients’ time for information and support. Method: A literature survey was carried out to get an insight in...Objective: To explore possible consequences of short stays in hospitals, as these short contacts reduce the patients’ time for information and support. Method: A literature survey was carried out to get an insight in possible consequences by summarizing the state of knowledge on how men with prostate cancer undergoing prostatec-tomy surgery experience their contacts with the healthcare professionals. Results: A consequence is that often men with prostate cancer, treated with prostatectomy surgery, do not receive the individualized support, infor-mation, and dialogue they need, which leads to feelings of uncertainty, insecurity, and loss of control. The men use the Internet in their search for information and support, which makes them able to stay in control and be active, responsible partners in their own course of treatment. Conclusion: For men to feel secure and certain the accessibility of the healthcare professionals and the healthcare professionals’ ability to individualize information and support are important aspects. Practice Implications: It is relevant to provide male cancer patients with tools that can underpin their contact to the healthcare professionals. Utilizing Web 2.0 technologies, Internet based tools can support exchange-ability, towards dialogue-based contacts, between men with prostate cancer and healthcare professionals.展开更多
Objectove:To evaluate the validity of Crypto-Giardia antigen rapid test(CA-RT) in comparison with the conventional mollified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast(MZN-AF) staining method for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.Metho...Objectove:To evaluate the validity of Crypto-Giardia antigen rapid test(CA-RT) in comparison with the conventional mollified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast(MZN-AF) staining method for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.Methods:Fifteen preserved stool samples from previously confirmed infections were used as positive controls and 40 stool samples from healthy people were used as negative control.A total of 85 stool samples were collected from suspected patients with cryptosporidiosis over 6 months during the period from January till June.2011.The stud) was conducted in the department of parasitology,central laboratory.Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah.Saudi Arabia.All samples were subjected to CA-RT and conventional MZN-AF staining method.Validation parameters including sensitivity(SN).specificity(SP),accuracy index (AI).positive predictive value(PPV).and negative predictive value(NPV) were evaluated for both tests.Results:Out of 15[lositive controls,CA-RT detected 13(86.7%) while MZN-AF detected 11(73.3%) positive cases.However.CA-RT detected no positive case in 40 normal controls but MZN-AF detected 2(5%) as positive cases.Based on the results,the SN.SP.AI.PPV and NPV were high in CA-RT than MZN-AF staining method,ie..86.7%vs.73.3%.100%vs.95%.96.4%vs.89.1%. 100%vs.84.6%and 95.2%vs.90.5%.respectively.Out of a total of 85 suspected specimens.CART detected 7(8.2%) but MZN-AF detected 6(7.1%) cases as positive.Conclusions:CA-RT immunoassay is more valid and reliable than MZN-AF staining method.展开更多
Railways are a crucial part of the African transport network and have a significant impact on the socio-economy and urban development. Previous studies have mainly considered the impacts of railways in Africa from the...Railways are a crucial part of the African transport network and have a significant impact on the socio-economy and urban development. Previous studies have mainly considered the impacts of railways in Africa from the perspective of economy, politics, security, and natural environment with few attempts to consider land use. Based on Landsat remote sensing data for the 10 km buffer zone along the Ethiopian section of the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway(ADR) in 2013, 2017, and 2021, we studied the land use change(LUC) in the area and explored its influencing factors using the ordinary least square model(OLS) and geographical weighted regression model(GWR). There were six key results.(1) Farmland,forest, grassland, and others(including sandy land and bare land) were the primary types of land use, but from 2013 to 2021, the area of built-up land and farmland increased, whereas the area of forest, grassland, and other land decreased.(2) There was a noticeable pattern in the degree of change in the area of built-up land, farmland, and forest as the buffer distance increased along the railway. This pattern indicated a gradual shift in land use and LUC gradients.(3) The land use structure and its changes in the areas surrounding different stations displayed obvious differences.(4) The construction and operation of the ADR is one of the direct factors affecting landscape change along the railway.(5) The distance from the train station, whether the station provides a passenger service, the population size, and the distance from the central city had a positive effect on the expansion of built-up land surrounding the station. The factor of whether the station provides a freight service had a negative correlation with the expansion of built-up land. Socio-economic factors have gradually replaced railway factors as the main driving force of the expansion of built-up land around the stations.(6) The effect strength of different factors on the expansion of built-up land varied in the areas surrounding different stations.展开更多
Precise classification of Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)point cloud is a fundamental process in various applications,such as land cover mapping,forestry management,and autonomous driving.Due to the lack of spectra...Precise classification of Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)point cloud is a fundamental process in various applications,such as land cover mapping,forestry management,and autonomous driving.Due to the lack of spectral information,the existing research on single wavelength LiDAR classification is limited.Spectral information from images could address this limitation,but data fusion suffers from varying illumination conditions and the registration problem.A novel multispectral LiDAR successfully obtains spatial and spectral information as a brand-new data type,namely,multispectral point cloud,thereby improving classification performance.However,spatial and spectral information of multispectral LiDAR has been processed separately in previous studies,thereby possibly limiting the classification performance of multispectral LiDAR.To explore the potential of this new data type,the current spatial-spectral classification framework for multispectral LiDAR that includes four steps:(1)neighborhood selection,(2)feature extraction and selection,(3)classification,and(4)label smoothing.Three novel highlights were proposed in this spatial-spectral classification framework.(1)We improved the popular eigen entropy-based neighborhood selection by spectral angle match to extract a more precise neighborhood.(2)We evaluated the importance of geometric and spectral features to compare their contributions and selected the most important features to reduce feature redundancy.(3)We conducted spatial label smoothing by a conditional random field,accounting for the spatial and spectral information of the neighborhood points.The proposed method demonstrated by a multispectral LiDAR with three channels:466 nm(blue),527 nm(green),and 628 nm(red).Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed spatial-spectral classification framework.Moreover,this research takes advantages of the complementation of spatial and spectral information,which could benefit more precise neighborhood selection,more effective features,and satisfactory refinement of classification result.Finally,this study could serve as an inspiration for future efficient spatial-spectral process for multispectral point cloud.展开更多
In the teaching quality evaluation, due to the influence of various human factors, the teaching quality evaluation system is presented with some grey characteristics. Traditional evaluation methods cannot solve the pr...In the teaching quality evaluation, due to the influence of various human factors, the teaching quality evaluation system is presented with some grey characteristics. Traditional evaluation methods cannot solve the problem effectively. Through gray relational analysis, the grey system of partial information known and unknown can be analyzed. It is difficult for the qualitative description language evaluation index to use traditional mathematical model for accurate representation. In this paper, cloud model is combined with grey relational analysis, and an evaluation method is proposed based on the cloudgrey relational analysis, in order to realize the mutual transformation between the qualitative information and quantitative numerical. Three university teachers’ information was collected by questionnaire survey, and the teaching quality was evaluated through the evaluation model based on grey relational analysis built in MATLAB. The results were compared with those of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the BP neural network evaluation. The results show that the teaching quality evaluation model based on cloud grey relational analysis has certain rationality and feasibility.展开更多
Within the European Union (EU) a paradigm shift is currently occurring in the waste sector, where EU waste directives and national waste strategies are placing emphasis on resource efficiency and recycling targets. Th...Within the European Union (EU) a paradigm shift is currently occurring in the waste sector, where EU waste directives and national waste strategies are placing emphasis on resource efficiency and recycling targets. The most recent Danish resource strategy calculates a national recycling rate of 22% for household waste, and sets an ambitious goal of a 50% recycling rate by 2020. This study integrates the recycling target into the FRIDA model to project how much waste and from which streams should be diverted from incineration to recycling in order to achieve the target. Furthermore, it discusses how the existing technological, organizational and legislative frameworks may affect recycling activities. The results of the analysis show that with current best practice recycling rates, the 50% recycling rate cannot be reached without recycling of household biowaste. It also shows that all Danish municipalities will need to make efforts to recover all recyclable fractions, and that the increased recycling efforts of only selected municipalities will not be sufficient to reach the target.展开更多
Addressing the key challenges of ambiguous spatial boundaries of 15-minute community life circles and inadequate coordination between facility supply and demand,this study critically revisits classical theoretical app...Addressing the key challenges of ambiguous spatial boundaries of 15-minute community life circles and inadequate coordination between facility supply and demand,this study critically revisits classical theoretical approaches and proposes a spatial governance model for community life circles,along with a three-dimensional integrated framework for facility optimization.Based on this,the study develops a comprehensive technical approach for spatial delineation and facility optimization,comprising four key steps:(1)identifying existing facility service areas,(2)delineating future community life circles,(3)conducting cluster analysis of supply-demand balance,and(4)formulating optimization strategies.It incorporates practical factors such as population distribution and land supply potential,while remaining closely aligned with subdistrict and community administrative boundaries,to provide methodological insights and complementary perspectives for optimizing community life circle governance in China.Taking the central urban area of Laiyang,Shandong Province,as a case study,the empirical analysis validates the spatial governance model by revealing the polycentric distribution of existing facilities and their overlapping service areas.The findings highlight a dual deficiency of public facilities in both the peripheral areas of the old town and newly developed areas,which is a critical barrier to establishing 15-minute community life circles in Laiyang.Finally,the study proposes classification-based governance optimization strategies for community life circle planning in Laiyang,while also providing a practical governance model applicable to other small-and medium-sized cities.展开更多
Increasing importance has been attached to the value of information technology （IT） infrastructure in today’s organizations. The development of efficacious IT infrastructure capability enhances business performance...Increasing importance has been attached to the value of information technology （IT） infrastructure in today’s organizations. The development of efficacious IT infrastructure capability enhances business performance and brings sustainable competitive advantage. This study analyzed the IT infrastructure capability in a holistic way and then presented a concept model of IT capability. IT infrastructure capability was categorized into sharing capability, service capability, and flexibility. This study then empirically tested the model using a set of survey data collected from 145 firms. Three factors emerge from the factor analysis as IT flexibility, IT service capability, and IT sharing capability, which agree with those in the conceptual model built in this study.展开更多
Against the backdrop of innovation driven by interdisciplinarity,universities with industry characteristics face issues in cultivating management talents,like the lack of top-level design in the interdisciplinary mech...Against the backdrop of innovation driven by interdisciplinarity,universities with industry characteristics face issues in cultivating management talents,like the lack of top-level design in the interdisciplinary mechanism,the disconnection between talent cultivation and industry practice,and the tendency of subject resource allocation towards traditional advantageous disciplines.Taking Beihang University as a typical case,this paper finds through research that Beihang University locates research questions by means of“problem-oriented,methodological intersection,and ability expansion”,shattering disciplinary barriers.Relying on the dual college system cultivation system,diversified academic platforms,and the design of interdisciplinary curriculum modules,it facilitates knowledge and method sharing,and joint talent cultivation.With the help of transnational and cross-regional cooperation as well as the joint cultivation between universities and enterprises,it constructs a cultivation path for composite talents.The research suggests that universities with industry characteristics need to anchor their research directions according to national strategic needs,and promote organizational restructuring,joint cultivation,and the optimization of the academic ecosystem through top-level institutional design.The practical experience of Beihang University provides an experience reference for universities with industry characteristics to solve the dilemma of cultivating top-notch innovative management talents under the background of interdisciplinarity.展开更多
Settlements serve as the tangible carriers of civilization,with historic urban blocks reflecting distinct cultural attributes that are essential for analyzing settlement types,exploring urban form characteristics,and ...Settlements serve as the tangible carriers of civilization,with historic urban blocks reflecting distinct cultural attributes that are essential for analyzing settlement types,exploring urban form characteristics,and refining spatial planning ideologies.Thus,this study focuses on the block as the fundamental morphological unit and introduces a structured research methodology from the typo-morphological perspective,comprising the following stages:Block Morphology Quantification,Block Pattern Types Extraction,Settlement Type Division,and Planning Ideology Discussion.This methodology can efficiently enhance the understanding of morphology and planning ideologies of heritage settlements by applying quantitative approaches to clustering settlements based solely on block pattern.For method validation,37 typical colonial heritage settlements in the Americas is conducted as empirical study through the following process:first,quantifying block morphology;second,identifying block pattern types by K-means clustering;third,applying hierarchical clustering referring to the proportion of block pattern types within each case,resulting in the identification of four categories of"strategic core","corridor node","resource spot"and"overseas new town";lastly,three key planning ideologies-"order","efficiency"and"practicality"—that shaped these settlements are derived from classification results accordingly.As empirical study result,the effectiveness of classifying heritage settlements using block patterns is validated.展开更多
Themed"Better Sub-Regional and Urban Development from the Perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative,"the 2023 Annual Conference of the International Urban Planning Branch of the Urban Planning Society of C...Themed"Better Sub-Regional and Urban Development from the Perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative,"the 2023 Annual Conference of the International Urban Planning Branch of the Urban Planning Society of China(UPSC)was successfully held in Kunming from Jun.23 to 25,2023.The conference,organized by the International Urban Planning Branch and hosted by the School of Architecture and Planning,Yunnan University,coincided with the 1ou anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative.Thus it aimed to share new insights and practices related to sub-regional cooperation,sustainable development,global industrial restructuring,urban vitality,cross-border cultural exchanges,and more,both in China and internationally.Furthermore,the conference presented in-depth research and analysis on the strategic advantages of the Belt and Road Initiative and held dialogues and case studies on high-quality sub-regional and urban development worldwide.The goal was to provide innovative perspectives for China to implement high-quality cross-border collaboration under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.The keynote speeches given at the conference have been collected by China City Planning Review and meticulously proofread by the respective speaker.展开更多
基金Humanities and Social Sciences Fund of Ministry of Education of China,No.24YJA630097National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42471304。
文摘The uneven distribution of medical resources has led to increasingly frequent patient mobility;however, the interaction between this phenomenon and the healthcare supply-demand relationship remains underexplored. The present study constructed the 2023Cross-City Patient Mobility Network in China using one million patient mobility data records obtained from online healthcare platforms. We applied urban network analysis to uncover mobility patterns and used the coupling coordination degree model to assess healthcare supply-demand relationships before and after patient mobility. Explainable machine learning further revealed the impact of supply-demand coupling on patient mobility. The results indicated the following: Patient mobility followed administrative boundaries, although megacities serve areas beyond provincial borders;The scale of healthcare supply and demand displayed a multi-centric spatial pattern with a general decline from east to west, and these characteristics of demand distribution were further solidified by patient mobility;Cities with low supply-demand coupling and undersupply experienced patient outflows, while cities with high coupling and oversupply attracted them. In turn, patient mobility helped balance healthcare supply and demand, optimising the coupling relationship across cities. Thus, this research not only provides a methodological reference for understanding the interaction between patient mobility and healthcare systems but also offers empirical insights for public health policy.
基金Fellowship Program of the CPSF,No.GZC20231970National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41871182。
文摘Understanding the complex mechanisms underlying agricultural space urbanization is essential for sustainable land management.This study identified the spatiotemporal characteristics of the agricultural space urbanization from 2000 to 2020 in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt(YREB)using a kilometer-grid-based approach.By employing the partial least squares structural equation modeling method,the intricate drivers of agricultural space urbanization were investigated.The results revealed that from 2000 to 2020,agricultural space urbanization in the YREB covered an area of 28,198 km^(2),accounting for 84.5%of the total increase in urban space.The partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis revealed regional variations in agricultural space urbanization dynamics.In the western YREB,where urbanization is in its initial stage,natural conditions play a weak and indirect role,whereas policy incentives and socioeconomic growth are equally significant in driving agricultural space urbanization.In the eastern YREB,where urbanization is more saturated,the agricultural space urbanization is less constrained by natural factors,showing a high synergy with socioeconomic development.Conversely,in the central Yangtze River Economic Belt,policy influences surpass socioeconomic factors,whereas unfavorable natural conditions and agricultural development act as key drivers of agricultural space urbanization.This study suggests that enhancing agricultural space urbanization quality requires strengthening region-specific policies,providing targeted support for remote areas,rebalancing policy orientation in rapidly urbanizing regions,and establishing a comprehensive evaluation system to ensure policy rationality.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.52078115China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)Program of International Collaboration Platform for Science and Technology Organizations in Belt and Road Countries,No.2022ZZGJB041422。
文摘Based on development data relating to China–Africa International Cooperation Parks(CAICPs)from 2003 to 2018,this study examined the transnational investment network of CAICPs using the social network analysis method.The number of CAICPs is increasing.Textiles and apparel,agricultural and food processing,trade logistics and management,building materials and construction,and electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing are the leading industries chosen by most CAICPs.These parks have promoted the economic and social development of African countries,driving the urbanization of the regions in which the parks are located,and they have also benefited China.The network of CAICPs involves China,African countries,and third-party investors.The network is becoming increasingly complex and has an increasingly high density.However,the key node countries and provincial units remain relatively stable despite changes in the network structure.The center of gravity of the network has shown noticeable deviations and regression,and inter-provincial investment cooperation has also been increasing.China–Africa cooperation drives the evolution of the network.In China,the investment of enterprises in Africa is affected by domestic policy,economic pursuit,and investment security.In Africa,the development of CAICPs is driven by development policies and achievements,and it is influenced by African countries’business environments.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271171,41230631)
文摘Based on the survey data for 2120 inbound and domestic tourists at the Shanghai World Expo,a structural equation model was constructed for the relationship among tourists' perceived value dimensions,behavioral intention and revisit intention.Additionally,the influence of tourists' perceived value dimensions on the behavioral intention and revisit intention was explored.The results show that the utilitarian value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' behavioral intention,while the convenience value and aesthetic value have no significant influence.The service value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' behavioral intention,and the aesthetic value only significantly affects the inbound tourists' behavioral intention.The utilitarian value,service value and enjoyment value significantly affect the inbound and domestic tourists' revisit intention,while the convenience value only significantly affects the domestic tourists' revisit intention.The utilitarian value is the primary factor affecting the inbound tourists' behavioral intention and revisit intention,and the perceived price has no significant effect on either inbound or domestic tourists' behavioral intention or revisit intention.The study explores the relationships between tourists' perceived value,behavioral intention and revisit intention,analyzes the divergence and causation,theoretically enriches the research field of tourism geography and behavioral geography,and has great practical significance to the sustainable development of mega events in China,including the further development of the Shanghai World Expo.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Project(71801017,72002016,71901031,71802025)Project of Beijing Social Science(No.18GLC064).
文摘The development of electronic information technology has made workplace gossip more ubiquitous.As a part of interpersonal communication on informal occasions,positive workplace gossip affects individuals’mood,cogni-tion,and behaviors.In light of this and based on the Social Interdependence Theory,the study proposed that positive workplace gossip has a negative effect on employee silence,and psychological safety mediates this rela-tionship.In addition,the promotion-focused moderates the relationship between psychological safety and employee silence.Based on a two-wave sampling design from 311 innovative enterprises employees,the results of Structural Equation Model by AMOS 22.0 and Mplus 7.0 supported all the hypotheses.Results revealed that positive workplace gossip can decrease the employee silence through the mediating role of psychological safety and moderating role of promotion-focused.Thesefindings provided theoretical implications and practical sugges-tions for enterprise managers to create positive communication climate to reduce employee silence.
文摘Health is important to economic development, and economic development has an important impact on health outcomes. Health Expenditure makes up a substantial part of the global economy. In the world, the costs of healthcare are increasing;patients are compelled to pay more for treatment, and that makes a lot of people faced to Catastrophic Health Expenditures (CHE) and in long run fall below the poverty line. One of the most urgent and vexing challenges faced by many low- and middle-income countries is how to provide health care for the more than two billion poor people who live in these areas (developing countries). As much as more than 65% (in 2014) of total private health care expenditure in low-income countries comes from out-of-pocket payment by patients. In addition, according to World Bank report (2007), in low and lower middle-income countries was speared nearly 13% of global health spending with 87% the global disease burden. The WHO considers health financing models with high risk pooled, such as health insurance and prepaid schemes, a promising means for achieving universal health-care coverage and promotion health care. A crucial concept in health financing is that of pooling. The WHO defines risk-pooling as the “accumulation and management of revenues in such a way as to ensure that the risk of having to pay for health care is borne by all members of the pool and not by each contributor individually”. The larger degree of pooling, the less people will have to bear the health financial risks. Furthermore, adopting and operating financing policies based on greeter risk pooling/sharing (prepayments) are recommended to all countries (especially in low and lower-middle income countries). It means risk sharing/pooling plays a key role in all financing systems for achieving effectiveness and efficiency health systems.
文摘Power supply and demand inJanuary-September, 2007Since 2007, the national economy developed continu-ously, showing a situation of rapid growth, more optimizedstructure, increased efficiency and improvement of people'slivelihood. In the first three quarters, GDP achieved 16.6043trillion Yuan, and its year-on-year growth rate was 11.5%;
基金The Novo Nordisk Foundation DOF Det Obelske Familiefond+1 种基金 Danish Nursing Research Society Harboefonden
文摘Objective: To explore possible consequences of short stays in hospitals, as these short contacts reduce the patients’ time for information and support. Method: A literature survey was carried out to get an insight in possible consequences by summarizing the state of knowledge on how men with prostate cancer undergoing prostatec-tomy surgery experience their contacts with the healthcare professionals. Results: A consequence is that often men with prostate cancer, treated with prostatectomy surgery, do not receive the individualized support, infor-mation, and dialogue they need, which leads to feelings of uncertainty, insecurity, and loss of control. The men use the Internet in their search for information and support, which makes them able to stay in control and be active, responsible partners in their own course of treatment. Conclusion: For men to feel secure and certain the accessibility of the healthcare professionals and the healthcare professionals’ ability to individualize information and support are important aspects. Practice Implications: It is relevant to provide male cancer patients with tools that can underpin their contact to the healthcare professionals. Utilizing Web 2.0 technologies, Internet based tools can support exchange-ability, towards dialogue-based contacts, between men with prostate cancer and healthcare professionals.
文摘Objectove:To evaluate the validity of Crypto-Giardia antigen rapid test(CA-RT) in comparison with the conventional mollified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast(MZN-AF) staining method for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.Methods:Fifteen preserved stool samples from previously confirmed infections were used as positive controls and 40 stool samples from healthy people were used as negative control.A total of 85 stool samples were collected from suspected patients with cryptosporidiosis over 6 months during the period from January till June.2011.The stud) was conducted in the department of parasitology,central laboratory.Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah.Saudi Arabia.All samples were subjected to CA-RT and conventional MZN-AF staining method.Validation parameters including sensitivity(SN).specificity(SP),accuracy index (AI).positive predictive value(PPV).and negative predictive value(NPV) were evaluated for both tests.Results:Out of 15[lositive controls,CA-RT detected 13(86.7%) while MZN-AF detected 11(73.3%) positive cases.However.CA-RT detected no positive case in 40 normal controls but MZN-AF detected 2(5%) as positive cases.Based on the results,the SN.SP.AI.PPV and NPV were high in CA-RT than MZN-AF staining method,ie..86.7%vs.73.3%.100%vs.95%.96.4%vs.89.1%. 100%vs.84.6%and 95.2%vs.90.5%.respectively.Out of a total of 85 suspected specimens.CART detected 7(8.2%) but MZN-AF detected 6(7.1%) cases as positive.Conclusions:CA-RT immunoassay is more valid and reliable than MZN-AF staining method.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.52078115。
文摘Railways are a crucial part of the African transport network and have a significant impact on the socio-economy and urban development. Previous studies have mainly considered the impacts of railways in Africa from the perspective of economy, politics, security, and natural environment with few attempts to consider land use. Based on Landsat remote sensing data for the 10 km buffer zone along the Ethiopian section of the Addis Ababa–Djibouti Railway(ADR) in 2013, 2017, and 2021, we studied the land use change(LUC) in the area and explored its influencing factors using the ordinary least square model(OLS) and geographical weighted regression model(GWR). There were six key results.(1) Farmland,forest, grassland, and others(including sandy land and bare land) were the primary types of land use, but from 2013 to 2021, the area of built-up land and farmland increased, whereas the area of forest, grassland, and other land decreased.(2) There was a noticeable pattern in the degree of change in the area of built-up land, farmland, and forest as the buffer distance increased along the railway. This pattern indicated a gradual shift in land use and LUC gradients.(3) The land use structure and its changes in the areas surrounding different stations displayed obvious differences.(4) The construction and operation of the ADR is one of the direct factors affecting landscape change along the railway.(5) The distance from the train station, whether the station provides a passenger service, the population size, and the distance from the central city had a positive effect on the expansion of built-up land surrounding the station. The factor of whether the station provides a freight service had a negative correlation with the expansion of built-up land. Socio-economic factors have gradually replaced railway factors as the main driving force of the expansion of built-up land around the stations.(6) The effect strength of different factors on the expansion of built-up land varied in the areas surrounding different stations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41971307]Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities[grant number 2042022kf1200,2042023kf0217]+1 种基金Wuhan University Specific Fund for Major School-level Internationalization InitiativesLIESMARS Special Research Funding.
文摘Precise classification of Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)point cloud is a fundamental process in various applications,such as land cover mapping,forestry management,and autonomous driving.Due to the lack of spectral information,the existing research on single wavelength LiDAR classification is limited.Spectral information from images could address this limitation,but data fusion suffers from varying illumination conditions and the registration problem.A novel multispectral LiDAR successfully obtains spatial and spectral information as a brand-new data type,namely,multispectral point cloud,thereby improving classification performance.However,spatial and spectral information of multispectral LiDAR has been processed separately in previous studies,thereby possibly limiting the classification performance of multispectral LiDAR.To explore the potential of this new data type,the current spatial-spectral classification framework for multispectral LiDAR that includes four steps:(1)neighborhood selection,(2)feature extraction and selection,(3)classification,and(4)label smoothing.Three novel highlights were proposed in this spatial-spectral classification framework.(1)We improved the popular eigen entropy-based neighborhood selection by spectral angle match to extract a more precise neighborhood.(2)We evaluated the importance of geometric and spectral features to compare their contributions and selected the most important features to reduce feature redundancy.(3)We conducted spatial label smoothing by a conditional random field,accounting for the spatial and spectral information of the neighborhood points.The proposed method demonstrated by a multispectral LiDAR with three channels:466 nm(blue),527 nm(green),and 628 nm(red).Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed spatial-spectral classification framework.Moreover,this research takes advantages of the complementation of spatial and spectral information,which could benefit more precise neighborhood selection,more effective features,and satisfactory refinement of classification result.Finally,this study could serve as an inspiration for future efficient spatial-spectral process for multispectral point cloud.
文摘In the teaching quality evaluation, due to the influence of various human factors, the teaching quality evaluation system is presented with some grey characteristics. Traditional evaluation methods cannot solve the problem effectively. Through gray relational analysis, the grey system of partial information known and unknown can be analyzed. It is difficult for the qualitative description language evaluation index to use traditional mathematical model for accurate representation. In this paper, cloud model is combined with grey relational analysis, and an evaluation method is proposed based on the cloudgrey relational analysis, in order to realize the mutual transformation between the qualitative information and quantitative numerical. Three university teachers’ information was collected by questionnaire survey, and the teaching quality was evaluated through the evaluation model based on grey relational analysis built in MATLAB. The results were compared with those of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and the BP neural network evaluation. The results show that the teaching quality evaluation model based on cloud grey relational analysis has certain rationality and feasibility.
基金supported by the Danish Strategic Research Council as part of the TOPWASTE project
文摘Within the European Union (EU) a paradigm shift is currently occurring in the waste sector, where EU waste directives and national waste strategies are placing emphasis on resource efficiency and recycling targets. The most recent Danish resource strategy calculates a national recycling rate of 22% for household waste, and sets an ambitious goal of a 50% recycling rate by 2020. This study integrates the recycling target into the FRIDA model to project how much waste and from which streams should be diverted from incineration to recycling in order to achieve the target. Furthermore, it discusses how the existing technological, organizational and legislative frameworks may affect recycling activities. The results of the analysis show that with current best practice recycling rates, the 50% recycling rate cannot be reached without recycling of household biowaste. It also shows that all Danish municipalities will need to make efforts to recover all recyclable fractions, and that the increased recycling efforts of only selected municipalities will not be sufficient to reach the target.
文摘Addressing the key challenges of ambiguous spatial boundaries of 15-minute community life circles and inadequate coordination between facility supply and demand,this study critically revisits classical theoretical approaches and proposes a spatial governance model for community life circles,along with a three-dimensional integrated framework for facility optimization.Based on this,the study develops a comprehensive technical approach for spatial delineation and facility optimization,comprising four key steps:(1)identifying existing facility service areas,(2)delineating future community life circles,(3)conducting cluster analysis of supply-demand balance,and(4)formulating optimization strategies.It incorporates practical factors such as population distribution and land supply potential,while remaining closely aligned with subdistrict and community administrative boundaries,to provide methodological insights and complementary perspectives for optimizing community life circle governance in China.Taking the central urban area of Laiyang,Shandong Province,as a case study,the empirical analysis validates the spatial governance model by revealing the polycentric distribution of existing facilities and their overlapping service areas.The findings highlight a dual deficiency of public facilities in both the peripheral areas of the old town and newly developed areas,which is a critical barrier to establishing 15-minute community life circles in Laiyang.Finally,the study proposes classification-based governance optimization strategies for community life circle planning in Laiyang,while also providing a practical governance model applicable to other small-and medium-sized cities.
文摘Increasing importance has been attached to the value of information technology （IT） infrastructure in today’s organizations. The development of efficacious IT infrastructure capability enhances business performance and brings sustainable competitive advantage. This study analyzed the IT infrastructure capability in a holistic way and then presented a concept model of IT capability. IT infrastructure capability was categorized into sharing capability, service capability, and flexibility. This study then empirically tested the model using a set of survey data collected from 145 firms. Three factors emerge from the factor analysis as IT flexibility, IT service capability, and IT sharing capability, which agree with those in the conceptual model built in this study.
文摘Against the backdrop of innovation driven by interdisciplinarity,universities with industry characteristics face issues in cultivating management talents,like the lack of top-level design in the interdisciplinary mechanism,the disconnection between talent cultivation and industry practice,and the tendency of subject resource allocation towards traditional advantageous disciplines.Taking Beihang University as a typical case,this paper finds through research that Beihang University locates research questions by means of“problem-oriented,methodological intersection,and ability expansion”,shattering disciplinary barriers.Relying on the dual college system cultivation system,diversified academic platforms,and the design of interdisciplinary curriculum modules,it facilitates knowledge and method sharing,and joint talent cultivation.With the help of transnational and cross-regional cooperation as well as the joint cultivation between universities and enterprises,it constructs a cultivation path for composite talents.The research suggests that universities with industry characteristics need to anchor their research directions according to national strategic needs,and promote organizational restructuring,joint cultivation,and the optimization of the academic ecosystem through top-level institutional design.The practical experience of Beihang University provides an experience reference for universities with industry characteristics to solve the dilemma of cultivating top-notch innovative management talents under the background of interdisciplinarity.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42471304)。
文摘Settlements serve as the tangible carriers of civilization,with historic urban blocks reflecting distinct cultural attributes that are essential for analyzing settlement types,exploring urban form characteristics,and refining spatial planning ideologies.Thus,this study focuses on the block as the fundamental morphological unit and introduces a structured research methodology from the typo-morphological perspective,comprising the following stages:Block Morphology Quantification,Block Pattern Types Extraction,Settlement Type Division,and Planning Ideology Discussion.This methodology can efficiently enhance the understanding of morphology and planning ideologies of heritage settlements by applying quantitative approaches to clustering settlements based solely on block pattern.For method validation,37 typical colonial heritage settlements in the Americas is conducted as empirical study through the following process:first,quantifying block morphology;second,identifying block pattern types by K-means clustering;third,applying hierarchical clustering referring to the proportion of block pattern types within each case,resulting in the identification of four categories of"strategic core","corridor node","resource spot"and"overseas new town";lastly,three key planning ideologies-"order","efficiency"and"practicality"—that shaped these settlements are derived from classification results accordingly.As empirical study result,the effectiveness of classifying heritage settlements using block patterns is validated.
文摘Themed"Better Sub-Regional and Urban Development from the Perspective of the Belt and Road Initiative,"the 2023 Annual Conference of the International Urban Planning Branch of the Urban Planning Society of China(UPSC)was successfully held in Kunming from Jun.23 to 25,2023.The conference,organized by the International Urban Planning Branch and hosted by the School of Architecture and Planning,Yunnan University,coincided with the 1ou anniversary of the Belt and Road Initiative.Thus it aimed to share new insights and practices related to sub-regional cooperation,sustainable development,global industrial restructuring,urban vitality,cross-border cultural exchanges,and more,both in China and internationally.Furthermore,the conference presented in-depth research and analysis on the strategic advantages of the Belt and Road Initiative and held dialogues and case studies on high-quality sub-regional and urban development worldwide.The goal was to provide innovative perspectives for China to implement high-quality cross-border collaboration under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative.The keynote speeches given at the conference have been collected by China City Planning Review and meticulously proofread by the respective speaker.
