Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortal...Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortality, high false positive rates can create economic and psychological burdens.展开更多
Nyabugogo Stream receives sediment loads from practiced economic activities along its path,these sediment loads affect the composition of the water by changing its natural state,and lead to its deterioration and river...Nyabugogo Stream receives sediment loads from practiced economic activities along its path,these sediment loads affect the composition of the water by changing its natural state,and lead to its deterioration and riverine wetland ecosystem.In this study the main sources of sediments are delineated,while corresponding loads are also quantified.After the analysis of those sediments in different periods,the relationship between economic development activities and sediment loads in Nyabugogo Stream were also determined.The findings revealed that the top most economic activities impacting the quantity of sediment load in Nyabugogo Stream were found to be mining followed by poor agricultural practices,deforestation,untreated sewages,and clay mining/fabrication of bricks respectively.Analysed samples showed in laboratory that at point A situated in Rutare sector have the lowest value of sediment loads of 3.29×10^(6) tons/year while at point C situated in Kigali sector have the highest value of 141.35×10^(6) tons/year,these results showed to be increased as the stream flows from Lake Muhazi to Nyabarongo River as the Stream continue to be experiencing the increase of economic activities practiced in the its catchment which also have been delineated using ArcMap,this showed the relationship between economic activities and sediment loads generated in the stream.The researchers recommend to impose the enforcement of regulations,policies and guidelines for different economic activities so that they cannot pollute natural water bodies and disturb aquatic ecosystem.展开更多
Village CEOs strive to raise incomes in rural Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture.To advance rural revitalisation,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture has,in recent years,introduced the“village CEO”model as part of its...Village CEOs strive to raise incomes in rural Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture.To advance rural revitalisation,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture has,in recent years,introduced the“village CEO”model as part of its efforts to integrate agriculture,culture,and tourism.This model has emerged as a key strategy for addressing the shortage of rural talent and stimulating regional development.展开更多
China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics...China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics,particularly the betrayal of a traditional ally and the consequential damages of that,are placing Europe in a position where its future is uncertain.展开更多
This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,includi...This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,including deepening of theoretical research,innovation of practice mode,optimization of policy support and cultural adaptation research.展开更多
Coal dependence and inefficient decentralized heating have significantly increased China’s energy consumption for winter heating,increasing air pollution and exacerbating the greenhouse effect.In 2017,China implement...Coal dependence and inefficient decentralized heating have significantly increased China’s energy consumption for winter heating,increasing air pollution and exacerbating the greenhouse effect.In 2017,China implemented the Pilot Policy on Clean Winter Heating in Northern China,aiming to achieve high central heating coverage and cleaner energy consumption.Studying the effects of this policy can help promote its implementation and serve as a reference for effective adjustment of the contents in the future.However,few studies have investigated this policy and its carbon reduction effects,and most focus on the provincial or city levels.Therefore,this paper considers the policy’s influence on air pollution and carbon emissions at the county level to provide a precise and comprehensive assessment of the policy effects.We use panel data from 1290 counties in 15 provinces in Northern China from 2014 to 2021,applying a multiperiod difference-in-differences model to quantify the impact of the policy on carbon emissions and air quality in the pilot area.We then conduct a series of tests to demonstrate the robustness of the results and analyze the mechanisms of the policy effects from two perspectives,namely,central heating and natural gas use,through a mediating effect model.Finally,we examine the heterogeneity of policy effects between counties based on geographic location and per capita income levels of rural residents through a moderating effect model.The results reveal that the policy significantly reduces air pollution and carbon emissions in the pilot area by increasing the central heating area and natural gas use.Compared with the central and western regions in the north and areas with low-income rural residents,the policy effects in the eastern regions in the north and areas with high-income rural residents are more pronounced.展开更多
Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the ...Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the sustainable development goals.In Ghana,scholarly research on the forms and prevalence of IPV is available,however knowledge of the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV is limited.To understand the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the intersectional factors that contribute to it,this study examined the overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the associated sociodemographic factors across ten regions of Ghana.Methods:We administered face-to-face survey questionnaires to 661 randomly selected antiretroviral therapy(ART)clients using Research Electronic Data Capture tools.We used descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,minimum,and maximum),pairwise correlation,and multivariate regression analysis to look at the data.Results:The clients of ART experienced various forms of IPV,including sexual,physical,emotional,and economic violence and controlling behaviour.The overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV was 27.5%.This result,although on par with the global IPV average(27%),is 1.5%higher than the national rate(26%).The Upper West Region had the highest prevalence in all the categories of IPV analysed,followed by Oti Region in second place and the Upper East Region in third,except for the prevalence of sexual violence,where Greater Accra Region ranks second.In specific regions of Ghana,sociodemographic factors shaped by patriarchal and economic considerations contribute to a higher prevalence of IPV among people living with HIV.Conclusion:The findings have implications for developing policies and interventions that address the specific factors associated with HIV-induced IPV in different regions of Ghana.These interventions should also include screening PLHIV receiving ART for their IPV status regardless of gender and deploying culturally appropriate education at the community level to foster empathy towards intimate partners living with HIV.展开更多
China’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060 has made decarbonization a key principle for spatial planning(also referred to as urban/city/town planning).Although the mitigation effect of spatial planning in urban ...China’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060 has made decarbonization a key principle for spatial planning(also referred to as urban/city/town planning).Although the mitigation effect of spatial planning in urban areas has been well documented,its significance in rural development has yet to be investigated.This paper addresses this research gap by empirically examining the influence of town planning on rural direct residential CO_(2)emissions(DRCEs)across 30 provinces in China.Based on various quantitative models,this study not only confirms the significant impact of town planning on rural DRCEs and the moderation effect of plan implementation capacity but also discloses that different dimensions of town planning have disparate roles in rural DRCE reduction.Additionally,regional variations in the mitigation effects of town planning on rural DRCEs were observed.The study also reveals spatial spillover effects,indicating that the influence of town planning on rural DRCEs extends beyond individual areas.Overall,China’s experiences demonstrate that well-managed town planning could play an essential role in low-carbon rural revitalization or,otherwise,it may augment rural DRCEs per capita.Consequently,governments should ascribe great importance to low-carbon town planning and allocate sufficient resources to towns,especially those in the central and western regions,so that they can afford professional planning consultation and adequate staffing in plan implementation.Moreover,governments should cooperate to promote knowledge sharing and transferring of low-carbon planning.展开更多
Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting e...Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting environmental sustainability.To examine the ecological and socio-economic effects of the PAR,we quantified the changes in five types of ecosystem services(ES)as well as the subjective well-being of rural residents in Fuping county,Hebei province of China,by using ES mapping,household survey,and semi-structured interviews.We found that the PAR improves people's quality of life,with the well-being scores associated with transportation,communication,education,and healthcare increasing by 0.45–0.81.Additionally,the PAR enhances the supply of ES,evidenced by the increases in four types of ES in both in-migration and out-migration areas.The ES growth rates in in-migration areas ranged from 0.7%to 3.9%,while in out-migration areas,the rates ranged from 0.4%to 2.5%.However,the changes in income and food well-being are minimal,with scores at 0 and 0.32,respectively.More importantly,the elderly and low-educated residents experience minimal improvements in well-being after relocation.Our findings suggest that for other developing countries seeking to adopt PAR,it is crucial to provide targeted support for livelihood transitions,particularly for marginalized social groups,restore out-migration areas,and strengthen cross-regional cooperation to better address ecological constraints on livelihoods.展开更多
Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly ...Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.展开更多
Chemical communication in plant–microbiome and intra-microbiome interactions weaves a complex network,critically shaping ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity.This non-contact interaction is driven by sma...Chemical communication in plant–microbiome and intra-microbiome interactions weaves a complex network,critically shaping ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity.This non-contact interaction is driven by small-molecule signals that orchestrate crosstalk dynamics and beneficial association.Plants leverage these signals to distinguish between pathogens and beneficial microbes,dynamically modulate immune responses,and secrete exudates to recruit a beneficial microbiome,while microbes in turn influence plant nutrient acquisition and stress resilience.Such bidirectional chemical dialogues underpin nutrient cycling,co-evolution,microbiome assembly,and plant resistance.However,knowledge gaps persist regarding validating the key molecules involved in plant–microbe interactions.Interpreting chemical communication requires multi-omics integration to predict key information,genome editing and click chemistry to verify the function of biomolecules,and artificial intelligence(AI)models to improve resolution and accuracy.This review helps advance the understanding of chemical communication and provides theoretical support for agriculture to cope with food insecurity and climate challenges.展开更多
Over the last 40 years, it has been shown at the global level that sustainable forestry can be achieved through comprehensive forest management,with the decentralized institutional arrangements of community-managed fo...Over the last 40 years, it has been shown at the global level that sustainable forestry can be achieved through comprehensive forest management,with the decentralized institutional arrangements of community-managed forestry coordinated by effective policy implementation. However, there is still a shortage of evidence regarding whether communitybased forestry is well characterized by forest policies,assessing what action is most needed and how best to address the challenges faced by community-based forestry in halting deforestation and promoting rural livelihoods. The study analyzed experts' assessments of the characteristics and success of communitymanaged forestry in Cambodia and explored three case studies of community-managed forestry practice to identify priorities for addressing forest policy implementation inadequacies in halting deforestation and promoting rural livelihoods. There were two methods of data collection. Firstly, this study used a survey of 27 experts to analyze perceptions about how far forest policy supported community-managed forestry effectively, the major challenges faced by the national community-managed forestry program, and the community-managed forestry contribution to halting deforestation and reducing rural poverty.Secondly, data was collected by content analysis of three case studies to explore the knowledge and practical experience of local experts about community-managed forestry practice at local level.The study employed Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance to analyze the level of concordance of experts on related forest policies(n=15) considering community-managed forestry, the challenges faced by the national community-managed forestry program,and the actions required to enable communitymanaged forestry to support communities. Analysis revealed that experts were in moderate agreement,denoted by Kendall's W=0.152, on how well forest policies articulate and implement the characteristics of community-managed forestry. Ranking of the major challenges faced by the national communitymanaged forestry program yielded Kendall's W of0.104, indicating the confidence in the ranking among experts was fair. There was only low confidence in the ranking of the action needed, with Kendall's W of0.055. Content analysis of the three case studies examining local experts' opinions on the attributes of community-managed forestry concerning the access,local participation and protection of the sustainable forestry revealed that Attribute one ‘Local people have access to the forest land and forest resources', and Attribute three ‘Local people begin by protecting and restoring the forests', received high attention from local experts. Of lesser importance or agreement was attributing two: local participation in decision-making concerning the forest.展开更多
A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines t...A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines the initial results of a research on policy options to break away with the past. The paper first assesses the relationship between resource dependence and sustainable development by looking at the evolution of genuine savings in Bolivia and neighbouring, resource-rich countries. It then discusses Bolivia＇s potential position on the world＇s lithium market and examines the institutional variables that shape perceptions, expectations and policy options at national and local levels. Notwithstanding major technological challenges, the paper concludes that further research should shed light on how inclusive processes can be nurtured in rentier states, and how far specific institutional reforms can contribute to turning the looming lithium boom into sustainable outcomes in the Bolivian case.展开更多
India,located in the Southern Asian subcontinent,is both a rising power and a developing country.India is an important neighboring country of China and is playing a more and more important role in the stage of multila...India,located in the Southern Asian subcontinent,is both a rising power and a developing country.India is an important neighboring country of China and is playing a more and more important role in the stage of multilateral affairs.In the overall diplomatic layout of China,India occupies an extremely important status.The展开更多
Most parts of the world are rapidly urbanizing. In sub-Saharan Africa, towns are urbanizing at a faster pace than earlier predicted. Also, large portions of rural settings have been gradually moving towards urbanizati...Most parts of the world are rapidly urbanizing. In sub-Saharan Africa, towns are urbanizing at a faster pace than earlier predicted. Also, large portions of rural settings have been gradually moving towards urbanization. The Tamale Metropolis has been rated as the fastest-growing metropolis in Sub-Saharan Africa. City planning and concerns about the need for open-space creation have been a major challenge due to poor adherence to standards in the building codes. This study was conducted to assess the role of open space in human settlement development in the Tamale Metropolis. The study sampled the views of 157 residents who stay closed to community open spaces in five suburbs of the metropolis. Key informant interviews were also conducted with officials from the Town and Country Planning Department. The study revealed that most residents spend leisure by taking a walk in the neighborhood or idling in outdoor spaces. Also, the majority of the residents had poor knowledge of institutional and land administration. This often led to non-adherence to regulations and this affects open spaces in the metropolis. Common among residents is also a poor appreciation of the importance of open space and this results in encroachment. The Town and Country Planning Department should institute sanctions and stringent measures to deter offenders. Also, public seminars should be used to educate residents on the need to adhere to planning and building codes. Lastly, the study recommends strong collaboration between the various institutions engaged in land administration to facilitate effective provision and preservation of quality open spaces in the metropolis.展开更多
Inclusive development is a new development idea aiming to overcome .fundamental dilemma and shortcoming in the development of modern civilization. However, for the concept of inclusive development to turn from idea to...Inclusive development is a new development idea aiming to overcome .fundamental dilemma and shortcoming in the development of modern civilization. However, for the concept of inclusive development to turn from idea to reality, it is necessary to be pushed forward by corresponding strategy, mechanism and organization on an even grander logical basis. On the one hand, the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind will put in practice inclusive development on the plane of building a new type of modern civilization, making it an important connotation of a new type of modernization and thus raising the realm and significance of inclusive development. On the other hand, not only has China put forward for its domestic development a mid and long term development strategy guided by the new concept for ＂innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared＂ development, it has also made the Belt and Road Initiative on global scale in order to carry out the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind, thus providing an institutional and organizational basis for implementing worldwide the idea of inclusive development and making a unique international contribution.展开更多
As one of the oldest human civilizations,the Chinese nation once created brilliant ancient and classical culture.However,in transition to modernity,as China became a late comer of modernization,the Chinese nation has ...As one of the oldest human civilizations,the Chinese nation once created brilliant ancient and classical culture.However,in transition to modernity,as China became a late comer of modernization,the Chinese nation has chosen the Party as the leading force in constructing its modern culture.Guided by Marxism,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has advanced展开更多
Despite the profound cultural and medicinal heritage of traditional African medicines (TAM), their global recognition remains notably limited. This study investigates the factors behind this issue, focusing on cultura...Despite the profound cultural and medicinal heritage of traditional African medicines (TAM), their global recognition remains notably limited. This study investigates the factors behind this issue, focusing on cultural perceptions, scientific validation, regulatory frameworks, and pharmaceutical industry influence. Utilizing a systematic literature review (SLR) to provide a thorough and structured overview, the research addresses these factors with transparency and reproducibility. Key findings reveal that negative cultural perceptions, the dominance of Western medicine, and skepticism towards traditional healers, especially in urban and educated populations, marginalize TAM. Additionally, religious beliefs and historical influences, such as colonialism, further devalue indigenous knowledge systems. The study also highlights a significant lack of scientific research and clinical trials, which challenges the conventional validation of TAM’s efficacy. Moreover, inconsistent international and national regulatory frameworks and the pharmaceutical industry’s dominance impede TAM’s integration into global healthcare systems. To enhance TAM’s credibility and global acceptance, the study advocates for standardized regulatory policies, increased scientific research, and a reevaluation of intellectual property laws. This shift towards a more inclusive and integrative approach in global health systems could bridge the gap between traditional and modern medical practices, promoting a more holistic understanding of health and wellness.展开更多
Climate change has been a global pandemic with its adverse impacts affecting environments and livelihoods. This has been largely attributed to anthropogenic activities which generate large amounts of Green House Gases...Climate change has been a global pandemic with its adverse impacts affecting environments and livelihoods. This has been largely attributed to anthropogenic activities which generate large amounts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notably carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) among others. In the Upper East of Ghana, climate change manifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high temperatures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorms, flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating bushfires etc. Practices such as burning farm residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerbate the situation. Although, efforts made by governmental and none-governmental organizations to mitigate climate change through afforestation, agroforestry and promotion of less fuelwood consuming cook stoves, land management practices antagonize these efforts as more CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have established the role of trees and soil in carbon sequestration in mitigating climate. However, there is limited knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in mitigation climate change. It is against this background that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carbon and contribute to mitigating climate change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored more carbon than vegetation in an agroforestry system and is much effective in mitigating climate change. It was found out that in order to make soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system interact synergistically to effectively mitigate climate change, Climate Smart Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively mitigates climate. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure retention and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) could be much effective in carbon sequestration in the Savannah zones and could be augmented with vegetation to synergistically mitigate climate change in the Upper East region of Ghana.展开更多
The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bu...The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82204127 and 72204172)。
文摘Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortality, high false positive rates can create economic and psychological burdens.
文摘Nyabugogo Stream receives sediment loads from practiced economic activities along its path,these sediment loads affect the composition of the water by changing its natural state,and lead to its deterioration and riverine wetland ecosystem.In this study the main sources of sediments are delineated,while corresponding loads are also quantified.After the analysis of those sediments in different periods,the relationship between economic development activities and sediment loads in Nyabugogo Stream were also determined.The findings revealed that the top most economic activities impacting the quantity of sediment load in Nyabugogo Stream were found to be mining followed by poor agricultural practices,deforestation,untreated sewages,and clay mining/fabrication of bricks respectively.Analysed samples showed in laboratory that at point A situated in Rutare sector have the lowest value of sediment loads of 3.29×10^(6) tons/year while at point C situated in Kigali sector have the highest value of 141.35×10^(6) tons/year,these results showed to be increased as the stream flows from Lake Muhazi to Nyabarongo River as the Stream continue to be experiencing the increase of economic activities practiced in the its catchment which also have been delineated using ArcMap,this showed the relationship between economic activities and sediment loads generated in the stream.The researchers recommend to impose the enforcement of regulations,policies and guidelines for different economic activities so that they cannot pollute natural water bodies and disturb aquatic ecosystem.
文摘Village CEOs strive to raise incomes in rural Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture.To advance rural revitalisation,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture has,in recent years,introduced the“village CEO”model as part of its efforts to integrate agriculture,culture,and tourism.This model has emerged as a key strategy for addressing the shortage of rural talent and stimulating regional development.
文摘China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics,particularly the betrayal of a traditional ally and the consequential damages of that,are placing Europe in a position where its future is uncertain.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(71774049).
文摘This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,including deepening of theoretical research,innovation of practice mode,optimization of policy support and cultural adaptation research.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China[Grant No.21BGL181]to Yan Chen.
文摘Coal dependence and inefficient decentralized heating have significantly increased China’s energy consumption for winter heating,increasing air pollution and exacerbating the greenhouse effect.In 2017,China implemented the Pilot Policy on Clean Winter Heating in Northern China,aiming to achieve high central heating coverage and cleaner energy consumption.Studying the effects of this policy can help promote its implementation and serve as a reference for effective adjustment of the contents in the future.However,few studies have investigated this policy and its carbon reduction effects,and most focus on the provincial or city levels.Therefore,this paper considers the policy’s influence on air pollution and carbon emissions at the county level to provide a precise and comprehensive assessment of the policy effects.We use panel data from 1290 counties in 15 provinces in Northern China from 2014 to 2021,applying a multiperiod difference-in-differences model to quantify the impact of the policy on carbon emissions and air quality in the pilot area.We then conduct a series of tests to demonstrate the robustness of the results and analyze the mechanisms of the policy effects from two perspectives,namely,central heating and natural gas use,through a mediating effect model.Finally,we examine the heterogeneity of policy effects between counties based on geographic location and per capita income levels of rural residents through a moderating effect model.The results reveal that the policy significantly reduces air pollution and carbon emissions in the pilot area by increasing the central heating area and natural gas use.Compared with the central and western regions in the north and areas with low-income rural residents,the policy effects in the eastern regions in the north and areas with high-income rural residents are more pronounced.
基金supported by the Christian Health Association of Ghana under Global Fund New Funding Model 3(NFM 3)HIV/TB Community Systems Strengthening programme(CSS)。
文摘Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the sustainable development goals.In Ghana,scholarly research on the forms and prevalence of IPV is available,however knowledge of the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV is limited.To understand the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the intersectional factors that contribute to it,this study examined the overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the associated sociodemographic factors across ten regions of Ghana.Methods:We administered face-to-face survey questionnaires to 661 randomly selected antiretroviral therapy(ART)clients using Research Electronic Data Capture tools.We used descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,minimum,and maximum),pairwise correlation,and multivariate regression analysis to look at the data.Results:The clients of ART experienced various forms of IPV,including sexual,physical,emotional,and economic violence and controlling behaviour.The overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV was 27.5%.This result,although on par with the global IPV average(27%),is 1.5%higher than the national rate(26%).The Upper West Region had the highest prevalence in all the categories of IPV analysed,followed by Oti Region in second place and the Upper East Region in third,except for the prevalence of sexual violence,where Greater Accra Region ranks second.In specific regions of Ghana,sociodemographic factors shaped by patriarchal and economic considerations contribute to a higher prevalence of IPV among people living with HIV.Conclusion:The findings have implications for developing policies and interventions that address the specific factors associated with HIV-induced IPV in different regions of Ghana.These interventions should also include screening PLHIV receiving ART for their IPV status regardless of gender and deploying culturally appropriate education at the community level to foster empathy towards intimate partners living with HIV.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China(Grant No.22BGL193).
文摘China’s commitment to carbon neutrality by 2060 has made decarbonization a key principle for spatial planning(also referred to as urban/city/town planning).Although the mitigation effect of spatial planning in urban areas has been well documented,its significance in rural development has yet to be investigated.This paper addresses this research gap by empirically examining the influence of town planning on rural direct residential CO_(2)emissions(DRCEs)across 30 provinces in China.Based on various quantitative models,this study not only confirms the significant impact of town planning on rural DRCEs and the moderation effect of plan implementation capacity but also discloses that different dimensions of town planning have disparate roles in rural DRCE reduction.Additionally,regional variations in the mitigation effects of town planning on rural DRCEs were observed.The study also reveals spatial spillover effects,indicating that the influence of town planning on rural DRCEs extends beyond individual areas.Overall,China’s experiences demonstrate that well-managed town planning could play an essential role in low-carbon rural revitalization or,otherwise,it may augment rural DRCEs per capita.Consequently,governments should ascribe great importance to low-carbon town planning and allocate sufficient resources to towns,especially those in the central and western regions,so that they can afford professional planning consultation and adequate staffing in plan implementation.Moreover,governments should cooperate to promote knowledge sharing and transferring of low-carbon planning.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42361144859Team Construction Project of Faculty of Geographical Science,BNU,No.2024-JXTD-03,No.2024-KYTD-09The Beijing Normal University Tang Scholar,No.2021。
文摘Migration is a potential strategy to reduce poverty in the Global South.In China,the Poverty-alleviation Relocation(PAR)is a government-led,large-scale migration initiative aimed at eliminating poverty and promoting environmental sustainability.To examine the ecological and socio-economic effects of the PAR,we quantified the changes in five types of ecosystem services(ES)as well as the subjective well-being of rural residents in Fuping county,Hebei province of China,by using ES mapping,household survey,and semi-structured interviews.We found that the PAR improves people's quality of life,with the well-being scores associated with transportation,communication,education,and healthcare increasing by 0.45–0.81.Additionally,the PAR enhances the supply of ES,evidenced by the increases in four types of ES in both in-migration and out-migration areas.The ES growth rates in in-migration areas ranged from 0.7%to 3.9%,while in out-migration areas,the rates ranged from 0.4%to 2.5%.However,the changes in income and food well-being are minimal,with scores at 0 and 0.32,respectively.More importantly,the elderly and low-educated residents experience minimal improvements in well-being after relocation.Our findings suggest that for other developing countries seeking to adopt PAR,it is crucial to provide targeted support for livelihood transitions,particularly for marginalized social groups,restore out-migration areas,and strengthen cross-regional cooperation to better address ecological constraints on livelihoods.
基金the Global WACh Rising Star Seed Award by the Department of Global Health,University of Washington,Seattle,USA(Grant No:UW/GWACh/RSA/2023-01)。
文摘Background Globally,suicide is the third leading cause of death among girls aged 15-19 years.However,there is a growing concern that suicide research has paid lttle attention to pregnant adolescent girls,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries,including Ghana,where nearly one in seven adolescents experiences(unwanted)pregnancy.Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt and the self-reported reasons for attempted suicide among pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana.Methods We collected cross-sectional data(between August 2022 and December 2023)using structured anonymous questionnaires from a sample of 449 pregnant adolescent girls(aged 14-19 years)drawn from the three geographical zones of Ghana.We applied bivariable and multivariable analysis techniques to the data.Results Overall,28.51%(95%confidence interval(Cl)24.37%to 32.93%)reported suicidal ideation,and 18.04%(95%Cl 14.59%to 21.91%)reported suicide attempt during the current pregnancy.Participants who reported attempted suicide endorsed more interpersonal reasons(eg,to communicate distress,to seek help or to influence others)than intrapersonal reasons for their attempted suicide.In the final adjusted logistic regression models,food insecurity(adjusted odds ratio(aOR)=2.69;95%Cl 1.34 to 5.41;p=0.005)was uniquely associated with increased odds of suicidal ideation.Adverse childhood experiences(a0R=3.04;95%CI 1.33 to 6.97;p=0.008),history of attempted suicide before current pregnancy(a0R=3.47;95%CI 1.27 to 9.47;p=0.015)and depression(measured by the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index;aOR=0.31;95%CI 0.12 to 0.77;p=0.012)were uniquely associated with increased odds of suicide attempt.Five variables were commonly associated with increased odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt:conflict with parents,alcohol use,pregnancy-related anxiety,history of attempted suicide and intimate partner violence.While being in junior high school was uniquely associated with reduced odds of suicidal ideation,intimate partner's acceptance of paternity was commonly associated with reduced odds of both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt.Conclusions Although the prevalence estimates of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in this study are comparable with known rates among non-pregnant adolescent girls in Ghana,additional research is needed to nuance our understanding of the correlates identified in this study.The evidence aiso highlights a need for both routine antepartum primary care mental health screening for suicidality and related risks and targeted prevention and intervention programmes.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2025YFE0104500)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LD25C140002),the Natural Science Foundation of Hangzhou(No.2024SZRZDC 130001)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U21A20219 and 32122074)the Zhejiang University Global Partnership Fund,China.
文摘Chemical communication in plant–microbiome and intra-microbiome interactions weaves a complex network,critically shaping ecosystem stability and agricultural productivity.This non-contact interaction is driven by small-molecule signals that orchestrate crosstalk dynamics and beneficial association.Plants leverage these signals to distinguish between pathogens and beneficial microbes,dynamically modulate immune responses,and secrete exudates to recruit a beneficial microbiome,while microbes in turn influence plant nutrient acquisition and stress resilience.Such bidirectional chemical dialogues underpin nutrient cycling,co-evolution,microbiome assembly,and plant resistance.However,knowledge gaps persist regarding validating the key molecules involved in plant–microbe interactions.Interpreting chemical communication requires multi-omics integration to predict key information,genome editing and click chemistry to verify the function of biomolecules,and artificial intelligence(AI)models to improve resolution and accuracy.This review helps advance the understanding of chemical communication and provides theoretical support for agriculture to cope with food insecurity and climate challenges.
基金the support of R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (Project No. 2014068E101819AA03) provided by Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute)
文摘Over the last 40 years, it has been shown at the global level that sustainable forestry can be achieved through comprehensive forest management,with the decentralized institutional arrangements of community-managed forestry coordinated by effective policy implementation. However, there is still a shortage of evidence regarding whether communitybased forestry is well characterized by forest policies,assessing what action is most needed and how best to address the challenges faced by community-based forestry in halting deforestation and promoting rural livelihoods. The study analyzed experts' assessments of the characteristics and success of communitymanaged forestry in Cambodia and explored three case studies of community-managed forestry practice to identify priorities for addressing forest policy implementation inadequacies in halting deforestation and promoting rural livelihoods. There were two methods of data collection. Firstly, this study used a survey of 27 experts to analyze perceptions about how far forest policy supported community-managed forestry effectively, the major challenges faced by the national community-managed forestry program, and the community-managed forestry contribution to halting deforestation and reducing rural poverty.Secondly, data was collected by content analysis of three case studies to explore the knowledge and practical experience of local experts about community-managed forestry practice at local level.The study employed Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance to analyze the level of concordance of experts on related forest policies(n=15) considering community-managed forestry, the challenges faced by the national community-managed forestry program,and the actions required to enable communitymanaged forestry to support communities. Analysis revealed that experts were in moderate agreement,denoted by Kendall's W=0.152, on how well forest policies articulate and implement the characteristics of community-managed forestry. Ranking of the major challenges faced by the national communitymanaged forestry program yielded Kendall's W of0.104, indicating the confidence in the ranking among experts was fair. There was only low confidence in the ranking of the action needed, with Kendall's W of0.055. Content analysis of the three case studies examining local experts' opinions on the attributes of community-managed forestry concerning the access,local participation and protection of the sustainable forestry revealed that Attribute one ‘Local people have access to the forest land and forest resources', and Attribute three ‘Local people begin by protecting and restoring the forests', received high attention from local experts. Of lesser importance or agreement was attributing two: local participation in decision-making concerning the forest.
文摘A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines the initial results of a research on policy options to break away with the past. The paper first assesses the relationship between resource dependence and sustainable development by looking at the evolution of genuine savings in Bolivia and neighbouring, resource-rich countries. It then discusses Bolivia＇s potential position on the world＇s lithium market and examines the institutional variables that shape perceptions, expectations and policy options at national and local levels. Notwithstanding major technological challenges, the paper concludes that further research should shed light on how inclusive processes can be nurtured in rentier states, and how far specific institutional reforms can contribute to turning the looming lithium boom into sustainable outcomes in the Bolivian case.
文摘India,located in the Southern Asian subcontinent,is both a rising power and a developing country.India is an important neighboring country of China and is playing a more and more important role in the stage of multilateral affairs.In the overall diplomatic layout of China,India occupies an extremely important status.The
文摘Most parts of the world are rapidly urbanizing. In sub-Saharan Africa, towns are urbanizing at a faster pace than earlier predicted. Also, large portions of rural settings have been gradually moving towards urbanization. The Tamale Metropolis has been rated as the fastest-growing metropolis in Sub-Saharan Africa. City planning and concerns about the need for open-space creation have been a major challenge due to poor adherence to standards in the building codes. This study was conducted to assess the role of open space in human settlement development in the Tamale Metropolis. The study sampled the views of 157 residents who stay closed to community open spaces in five suburbs of the metropolis. Key informant interviews were also conducted with officials from the Town and Country Planning Department. The study revealed that most residents spend leisure by taking a walk in the neighborhood or idling in outdoor spaces. Also, the majority of the residents had poor knowledge of institutional and land administration. This often led to non-adherence to regulations and this affects open spaces in the metropolis. Common among residents is also a poor appreciation of the importance of open space and this results in encroachment. The Town and Country Planning Department should institute sanctions and stringent measures to deter offenders. Also, public seminars should be used to educate residents on the need to adhere to planning and building codes. Lastly, the study recommends strong collaboration between the various institutions engaged in land administration to facilitate effective provision and preservation of quality open spaces in the metropolis.
文摘Inclusive development is a new development idea aiming to overcome .fundamental dilemma and shortcoming in the development of modern civilization. However, for the concept of inclusive development to turn from idea to reality, it is necessary to be pushed forward by corresponding strategy, mechanism and organization on an even grander logical basis. On the one hand, the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind will put in practice inclusive development on the plane of building a new type of modern civilization, making it an important connotation of a new type of modernization and thus raising the realm and significance of inclusive development. On the other hand, not only has China put forward for its domestic development a mid and long term development strategy guided by the new concept for ＂innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared＂ development, it has also made the Belt and Road Initiative on global scale in order to carry out the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind, thus providing an institutional and organizational basis for implementing worldwide the idea of inclusive development and making a unique international contribution.
文摘As one of the oldest human civilizations,the Chinese nation once created brilliant ancient and classical culture.However,in transition to modernity,as China became a late comer of modernization,the Chinese nation has chosen the Party as the leading force in constructing its modern culture.Guided by Marxism,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has advanced
文摘Despite the profound cultural and medicinal heritage of traditional African medicines (TAM), their global recognition remains notably limited. This study investigates the factors behind this issue, focusing on cultural perceptions, scientific validation, regulatory frameworks, and pharmaceutical industry influence. Utilizing a systematic literature review (SLR) to provide a thorough and structured overview, the research addresses these factors with transparency and reproducibility. Key findings reveal that negative cultural perceptions, the dominance of Western medicine, and skepticism towards traditional healers, especially in urban and educated populations, marginalize TAM. Additionally, religious beliefs and historical influences, such as colonialism, further devalue indigenous knowledge systems. The study also highlights a significant lack of scientific research and clinical trials, which challenges the conventional validation of TAM’s efficacy. Moreover, inconsistent international and national regulatory frameworks and the pharmaceutical industry’s dominance impede TAM’s integration into global healthcare systems. To enhance TAM’s credibility and global acceptance, the study advocates for standardized regulatory policies, increased scientific research, and a reevaluation of intellectual property laws. This shift towards a more inclusive and integrative approach in global health systems could bridge the gap between traditional and modern medical practices, promoting a more holistic understanding of health and wellness.
文摘Climate change has been a global pandemic with its adverse impacts affecting environments and livelihoods. This has been largely attributed to anthropogenic activities which generate large amounts of Green House Gases (GHGs), notably carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) among others. In the Upper East of Ghana, climate change manifests in erratic rainfalls, drought, high temperatures, high wind speeds, high intensity rainfall, windstorms, flooding, declining vegetation cover, perennial devastating bushfires etc. Practices such as burning farm residues, use of dung as fuel for cooking, excessive application of nitrogenous fertilizers, and deforestation that are prevalent in the region exacerbate the situation. Although, efforts made by governmental and none-governmental organizations to mitigate climate change through afforestation, agroforestry and promotion of less fuelwood consuming cook stoves, land management practices antagonize these efforts as more CO2 is generated than the carrying capacity of vegetation in the region. Research findings have established the role of trees and soil in carbon sequestration in mitigating climate. However, there is limited knowledge on how the vegetation and soil in agroforestry interplay in mitigation climate change. It is against this background that this review seeks to investigate how vegetation and soil in an agroforestry interact synergistically to sequester carbon and contribute to mitigating climate change in Upper East region of Ghana. In this review, it was discovered soil stored more carbon than vegetation in an agroforestry system and is much effective in mitigating climate change. It was found out that in order to make soil and vegetation in an agroforestry system interact synergistically to effectively mitigate climate change, Climate Smart Agriculture practice which integrates trees, and perennials crops effectively mitigates climate. The review concluded that tillage practices that ensure retention and storage of soil organic carbon (SOC) could be much effective in carbon sequestration in the Savannah zones and could be augmented with vegetation to synergistically mitigate climate change in the Upper East region of Ghana.
文摘The present study has been carried out on a total of 50 available plant species to assess their dust-capturing capacity and biochemical performances in and around open cast granite mine areas of Jhansi district and Bundelkhand University campus treated as control site. Plant species existing under a polluted environment for a long time may be considered as potentially resistant species and recommended for green belt design in mining areas, especially to cope with dust pollution. Results showed the pollution level, especially of mining-originated dust particles holding capacity of leaves and effects of different biochemical parameters (Total Chlorophyll, Protein and Carotenoid) of existing plant species both from mining areas as well as from Bundelkhand University campus. Based on their performances, Tectona grandis L., Ficus hispida L., Calotropis procera Aiton., Butea monosperma Lam. and Ficus benghalensis L., etc. are highly tolerant species while Ficus infectoria L., Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam., Ipomoea purpurea L., Allianthus excelsa Roxb. and Bauhinia variegata L. are intermediate tolerant species. T. grandis had shown the highest dust-holding capacity (2.566 ± 0.0004 mg/cm2) whereas Albizia procera (0.018 ± 0.0002 mg/cm2) was found to be the lowest dust-holding capacity. Our findings also showed that the T. grandis and F. hispida have significant dust deposition with minimal effect of dust on their leaf chlorophyll (17.447 ± 0.019 mg/g and 14.703 ± 0.201 mg/g), protein (0.699 ± 0.001 mg/g and 0.604 ± 0.002 mg/g) and carotenoid (0.372 ± 0.003 mg/g and 0.354 ± 0.003 mg/g) content respectively among all selected plant species. Therefore, in the present investigation, plant species with high tolerance to high dust-holding capacity on their leaf surfaces are preferable for green corridors as open cast granite mines and their adjacent areas.
