The year 2026 marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and African countries.It also marks the launch of the China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges.At this pivotal...The year 2026 marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and African countries.It also marks the launch of the China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges.At this pivotal juncture linking past achievements with future development,Wang Yi,member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and foreign minister,continued the longstanding diplomatic tradition under which the Chinese foreign minister makes Africa the destination of the first overseas visit of the year,a practice upheld for 36 consecutive years,underscoring the stability,continuity and sincerity of China’s policy towards Africa.展开更多
Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortal...Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortality, high false positive rates can create economic and psychological burdens.展开更多
Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digi...Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digital exclusion on the mental health of older adults in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries.Methods:We analyzed data from 5 longitudinal cohorts:the Health and Retirement Study(HRS),the English Longitudinal Study of Aging(ELSA),the Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe(SHARE),the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and the Mexican Health and Aging Study(MHAS).These cohorts consisted of nationwide samples from 24 countries.Digital exclusion was defined as the self-reported lack of access to the internet.Depressive symptoms were assessed using comparable scales across all cohorts.We used generalized estimating equation models,fitting a Poisson model,to investigate the association between the digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.We adjusted for the causal directed acyclic graph(DAG)minimal sufficient adjustment set(MSAS),which includes gender,age,retirement status,education,household wealth,social activities,and weekly contact with their children.Results:During the study period(2010–2018),122,242 participants underwent up to 5 rounds of follow-up.Digital exclusion varied greatly across countries,ranging from 21.1%in Denmark to 96.9%in China.The crude model revealed a significant association between digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.This association remained statistically significant in the MSAS-adjusted model across all cohorts:HRS[incidence rate ratio(IRR),1.37;95% confidence interval(CI),1.28 to 1.47],ELSA(IRR,1.32;95%CI,1.23 to 1.41),SHARE(IRR,1.30;95%CI,1.27 to 1.33),CHARLS(IRR,1.62;95%CI,1.38 to 1.91),and MHAS(IRR,1.31;95%CI,1.26 to 1.37);all Ps<0.001.Notably,this association was consistently stronger in individuals living in lower wealth quintile households across all 5 cohorts and among those who do not regularly interact with their children,except for ELSA.Conclusions:Digital exclusion is globally widespread among older adults.Older individuals who are digitally excluded are at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms,particularly those with limited communication with their offspring and individuals living in lower wealth quintile households.Prioritizing the provision of internet access to older populations may help reduce the risks of depression symptoms,especially among vulnerable groups with limited familial support and with lower income.展开更多
Flood risk in South Africa remains a problem due to climate change,rapid urbanisation and persistent disparities in the region and low-income urban households are disproportionately impacted because of poor access to ...Flood risk in South Africa remains a problem due to climate change,rapid urbanisation and persistent disparities in the region and low-income urban households are disproportionately impacted because of poor access to affordable flood insurance.This paper constructs the Integrated Market Flood Risk Insurance Framework(IMFRIF)based on a qualitative,desk-based research design consisting of contextual policy analysis,systematic literature review and analytical synthesis through systems thinking.The policy and document analysis reviewed the legislation on national disaster management,insurance and industry reports to determine institutional and market limitations on the provision of flood insurance.A PRISMA-ScR systematic literature review filtered 312 records on Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,which led to the identification of 47 peer-reviewed articles and 15 policy and comparative case studies.Thematic analysis led to the identification of six prevail-ing clusters of barriers based on the influence on insurance uptake,which included affordability and product design,trust and risk perception,data and risk assessment gaps,regulatory capacity,multi-stakeholder coordi-nation,and community engagement.The results of these studies were used to design the IMFRIF,a system incorporating 9 major stakeholder groups and 5 interdependent system components into a single market-based design.The framework provides a systematic foundation to the resolution of systemic exclusion of flood insur-ance,but specifically acknowledges the implementation limitations regarding data availability,regulation ca-pacity,fiscal sustainability and communal level of trust.The IMFRIF is placed as a progressive and responsive system that offers a point of future empirical confirmation and policy implementation to promote inclusive disaster risk financing in South Africa and comparable low-and middle-income contexts.展开更多
Ghana has four sedimentary basins,but attention has mostly been concentrated on the Tano Basin.This preference among potential investors is largely due to the fact that it has been extensively studied and also its est...Ghana has four sedimentary basins,but attention has mostly been concentrated on the Tano Basin.This preference among potential investors is largely due to the fact that it has been extensively studied and also its established oil and gas reserves,which have facilitated the discovery and development of major fields such as the Jubilee Field.In contrast,the Saltpond,Keta,and Voltaian basins have not undergone the same level of exploration and research,thereby making them less attractive to investors.A comparative analysis of the research conducted on the Tano Basin and the other basins is necessary to identify research opportunities that could enhance understanding of these less-explored basins and increase investor interests.The findings indicate that the Tano Basin requires minimal further exploration,while studies on the Saltpond,Keta,and Voltaian basins have primarily focused on sedimentological and geochemical analyses,offering valuable but limited insights into their petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential.Unlocking Ghana's hydrocarbon potential demands tailored studies for each basin.In the Tano Basin,the key to sustaining and optimizing production lies in advanced seismic reprocessing,pre-stack depth migration,4D reservoir monitoring,and machine-learning-assisted reservoir characterization to address deepwater complexity and compartmentalization.Revitalizing the Saltpond Basin demands updated petroleum system evaluation through modern geochemical techniques,reprocessed 2D/3D seismic data,and comprehensive 1D–3D basin modeling to clarify trap integrity and overlooked plays.In the underexplored Accra–Keta Basin,high-resolution seismic imaging,sequence stratigraphic mapping,and full petroleum system modeling are essential to define reservoir intervals and assess charge potential.For the Voltaian Basin,a deep seismic profiling,integrated geological mapping,source-rock evaluation,and analog-based reservoir/seal studies are required to evaluate its hydrocarbon potential.These targeted efforts are key to de-risking and advancing exploration.An integrated approach is vital for gaining a deeper understanding of the petroleum system elements in these basins.This will not only expand scientific knowledge and inform decision-making at the highest levels but also provide a strong foundation for future exploration,development,and efficient exploitation of hydrocarbon resources.展开更多
Over the last 40 years, it has been shown at the global level that sustainable forestry can be achieved through comprehensive forest management,with the decentralized institutional arrangements of community-managed fo...Over the last 40 years, it has been shown at the global level that sustainable forestry can be achieved through comprehensive forest management,with the decentralized institutional arrangements of community-managed forestry coordinated by effective policy implementation. However, there is still a shortage of evidence regarding whether communitybased forestry is well characterized by forest policies,assessing what action is most needed and how best to address the challenges faced by community-based forestry in halting deforestation and promoting rural livelihoods. The study analyzed experts' assessments of the characteristics and success of communitymanaged forestry in Cambodia and explored three case studies of community-managed forestry practice to identify priorities for addressing forest policy implementation inadequacies in halting deforestation and promoting rural livelihoods. There were two methods of data collection. Firstly, this study used a survey of 27 experts to analyze perceptions about how far forest policy supported community-managed forestry effectively, the major challenges faced by the national community-managed forestry program, and the community-managed forestry contribution to halting deforestation and reducing rural poverty.Secondly, data was collected by content analysis of three case studies to explore the knowledge and practical experience of local experts about community-managed forestry practice at local level.The study employed Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance to analyze the level of concordance of experts on related forest policies(n=15) considering community-managed forestry, the challenges faced by the national community-managed forestry program,and the actions required to enable communitymanaged forestry to support communities. Analysis revealed that experts were in moderate agreement,denoted by Kendall's W=0.152, on how well forest policies articulate and implement the characteristics of community-managed forestry. Ranking of the major challenges faced by the national communitymanaged forestry program yielded Kendall's W of0.104, indicating the confidence in the ranking among experts was fair. There was only low confidence in the ranking of the action needed, with Kendall's W of0.055. Content analysis of the three case studies examining local experts' opinions on the attributes of community-managed forestry concerning the access,local participation and protection of the sustainable forestry revealed that Attribute one ‘Local people have access to the forest land and forest resources', and Attribute three ‘Local people begin by protecting and restoring the forests', received high attention from local experts. Of lesser importance or agreement was attributing two: local participation in decision-making concerning the forest.展开更多
A three-year study over the Bai,Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of develo...A three-year study over the Bai,Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development;concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships,consumption,mar-riage and gender;patterns of decision-making and production,resource and income allocation;as well as the role of information dissemination systems,religion and ritual.Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development,some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended.展开更多
A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines t...A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines the initial results of a research on policy options to break away with the past. The paper first assesses the relationship between resource dependence and sustainable development by looking at the evolution of genuine savings in Bolivia and neighbouring, resource-rich countries. It then discusses Bolivia＇s potential position on the world＇s lithium market and examines the institutional variables that shape perceptions, expectations and policy options at national and local levels. Notwithstanding major technological challenges, the paper concludes that further research should shed light on how inclusive processes can be nurtured in rentier states, and how far specific institutional reforms can contribute to turning the looming lithium boom into sustainable outcomes in the Bolivian case.展开更多
India,located in the Southern Asian subcontinent,is both a rising power and a developing country.India is an important neighboring country of China and is playing a more and more important role in the stage of multila...India,located in the Southern Asian subcontinent,is both a rising power and a developing country.India is an important neighboring country of China and is playing a more and more important role in the stage of multilateral affairs.In the overall diplomatic layout of China,India occupies an extremely important status.The展开更多
Most parts of the world are rapidly urbanizing. In sub-Saharan Africa, towns are urbanizing at a faster pace than earlier predicted. Also, large portions of rural settings have been gradually moving towards urbanizati...Most parts of the world are rapidly urbanizing. In sub-Saharan Africa, towns are urbanizing at a faster pace than earlier predicted. Also, large portions of rural settings have been gradually moving towards urbanization. The Tamale Metropolis has been rated as the fastest-growing metropolis in Sub-Saharan Africa. City planning and concerns about the need for open-space creation have been a major challenge due to poor adherence to standards in the building codes. This study was conducted to assess the role of open space in human settlement development in the Tamale Metropolis. The study sampled the views of 157 residents who stay closed to community open spaces in five suburbs of the metropolis. Key informant interviews were also conducted with officials from the Town and Country Planning Department. The study revealed that most residents spend leisure by taking a walk in the neighborhood or idling in outdoor spaces. Also, the majority of the residents had poor knowledge of institutional and land administration. This often led to non-adherence to regulations and this affects open spaces in the metropolis. Common among residents is also a poor appreciation of the importance of open space and this results in encroachment. The Town and Country Planning Department should institute sanctions and stringent measures to deter offenders. Also, public seminars should be used to educate residents on the need to adhere to planning and building codes. Lastly, the study recommends strong collaboration between the various institutions engaged in land administration to facilitate effective provision and preservation of quality open spaces in the metropolis.展开更多
Inclusive development is a new development idea aiming to overcome .fundamental dilemma and shortcoming in the development of modern civilization. However, for the concept of inclusive development to turn from idea to...Inclusive development is a new development idea aiming to overcome .fundamental dilemma and shortcoming in the development of modern civilization. However, for the concept of inclusive development to turn from idea to reality, it is necessary to be pushed forward by corresponding strategy, mechanism and organization on an even grander logical basis. On the one hand, the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind will put in practice inclusive development on the plane of building a new type of modern civilization, making it an important connotation of a new type of modernization and thus raising the realm and significance of inclusive development. On the other hand, not only has China put forward for its domestic development a mid and long term development strategy guided by the new concept for ＂innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared＂ development, it has also made the Belt and Road Initiative on global scale in order to carry out the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind, thus providing an institutional and organizational basis for implementing worldwide the idea of inclusive development and making a unique international contribution.展开更多
As one of the oldest human civilizations,the Chinese nation once created brilliant ancient and classical culture.However,in transition to modernity,as China became a late comer of modernization,the Chinese nation has ...As one of the oldest human civilizations,the Chinese nation once created brilliant ancient and classical culture.However,in transition to modernity,as China became a late comer of modernization,the Chinese nation has chosen the Party as the leading force in constructing its modern culture.Guided by Marxism,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has advanced展开更多
Nyabugogo Stream receives sediment loads from practiced economic activities along its path,these sediment loads affect the composition of the water by changing its natural state,and lead to its deterioration and river...Nyabugogo Stream receives sediment loads from practiced economic activities along its path,these sediment loads affect the composition of the water by changing its natural state,and lead to its deterioration and riverine wetland ecosystem.In this study the main sources of sediments are delineated,while corresponding loads are also quantified.After the analysis of those sediments in different periods,the relationship between economic development activities and sediment loads in Nyabugogo Stream were also determined.The findings revealed that the top most economic activities impacting the quantity of sediment load in Nyabugogo Stream were found to be mining followed by poor agricultural practices,deforestation,untreated sewages,and clay mining/fabrication of bricks respectively.Analysed samples showed in laboratory that at point A situated in Rutare sector have the lowest value of sediment loads of 3.29×10^(6) tons/year while at point C situated in Kigali sector have the highest value of 141.35×10^(6) tons/year,these results showed to be increased as the stream flows from Lake Muhazi to Nyabarongo River as the Stream continue to be experiencing the increase of economic activities practiced in the its catchment which also have been delineated using ArcMap,this showed the relationship between economic activities and sediment loads generated in the stream.The researchers recommend to impose the enforcement of regulations,policies and guidelines for different economic activities so that they cannot pollute natural water bodies and disturb aquatic ecosystem.展开更多
Coal dependence and inefficient decentralized heating have significantly increased China’s energy consumption for winter heating,increasing air pollution and exacerbating the greenhouse effect.In 2017,China implement...Coal dependence and inefficient decentralized heating have significantly increased China’s energy consumption for winter heating,increasing air pollution and exacerbating the greenhouse effect.In 2017,China implemented the Pilot Policy on Clean Winter Heating in Northern China,aiming to achieve high central heating coverage and cleaner energy consumption.Studying the effects of this policy can help promote its implementation and serve as a reference for effective adjustment of the contents in the future.However,few studies have investigated this policy and its carbon reduction effects,and most focus on the provincial or city levels.Therefore,this paper considers the policy’s influence on air pollution and carbon emissions at the county level to provide a precise and comprehensive assessment of the policy effects.We use panel data from 1290 counties in 15 provinces in Northern China from 2014 to 2021,applying a multiperiod difference-in-differences model to quantify the impact of the policy on carbon emissions and air quality in the pilot area.We then conduct a series of tests to demonstrate the robustness of the results and analyze the mechanisms of the policy effects from two perspectives,namely,central heating and natural gas use,through a mediating effect model.Finally,we examine the heterogeneity of policy effects between counties based on geographic location and per capita income levels of rural residents through a moderating effect model.The results reveal that the policy significantly reduces air pollution and carbon emissions in the pilot area by increasing the central heating area and natural gas use.Compared with the central and western regions in the north and areas with low-income rural residents,the policy effects in the eastern regions in the north and areas with high-income rural residents are more pronounced.展开更多
Village CEOs strive to raise incomes in rural Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture.To advance rural revitalisation,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture has,in recent years,introduced the“village CEO”model as part of its...Village CEOs strive to raise incomes in rural Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture.To advance rural revitalisation,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture has,in recent years,introduced the“village CEO”model as part of its efforts to integrate agriculture,culture,and tourism.This model has emerged as a key strategy for addressing the shortage of rural talent and stimulating regional development.展开更多
China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics...China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics,particularly the betrayal of a traditional ally and the consequential damages of that,are placing Europe in a position where its future is uncertain.展开更多
Climate change has emerged as an important global issue,primarily driven by human activities,affecting ecosystems,societies,and economies worldwide.This review employed a comprehensive narrative analysis that incorpor...Climate change has emerged as an important global issue,primarily driven by human activities,affecting ecosystems,societies,and economies worldwide.This review employed a comprehensive narrative analysis that incorporates expertise from policy studies,environmental science,and economics.Targeted keywords are used to systematically search major academic databases.This article explores various aspects of climate change,economic consequences,and the evolving discourse on climate risk.It addresses the association between climate change and several economic variables,such as gross domestic product(GDP),foreign direct investment(FDI),and financial markets.The review highlights the complex relationship among physical risks,transition risks,and approaches to cope with climate change.It examines global climate policies such as the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement.This study also investigates climate risk assessment models like Integrated Assessment Models(IAMs)and how they help understand the economic effect of climate change.Moreover,it explores ways to adapt to and reduce climate change,such as carbon taxes and subsidies.This review focuses on the critical importance of instruments like the Climate Action Tracker in evaluating national and global climate change responses,which serve as a framework for assessing policy effectiveness and progress toward emission targets.By integrating different viewpoints from economics,environmental science,and governance,this review underscores the value of coordinated global action to address the challenges posed by climate change.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(Al)has emerged as a key arena in major country competition.Recognizing the potential of artificial intelligence as a strategic asset to redefine the United States'global technological leade...Artificial intelligence(Al)has emerged as a key arena in major country competition.Recognizing the potential of artificial intelligence as a strategic asset to redefine the United States'global technological leadership and geopolitical influence,the Trump administration announced the Stargate project in January 2025.Trump's Al infrastructure policy is characterized by government-led connections to technology capital,loose technological regulation,security priorities,and the pursuit of political achievements.His policy goals are to achieve economic growth and job creation internally to serve the political goal of American revival,win the global AI competition,and ensure US global technological leadership.However,the policy implementation of AI infrastructure faces a few challenges,such as industrial path dependency,energy supply constraints,and ethical risks of Al.Guided by techno-nationalism,the US would continue to regard China as its primary strategic competitor.展开更多
Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the ...Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the sustainable development goals.In Ghana,scholarly research on the forms and prevalence of IPV is available,however knowledge of the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV is limited.To understand the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the intersectional factors that contribute to it,this study examined the overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the associated sociodemographic factors across ten regions of Ghana.Methods:We administered face-to-face survey questionnaires to 661 randomly selected antiretroviral therapy(ART)clients using Research Electronic Data Capture tools.We used descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,minimum,and maximum),pairwise correlation,and multivariate regression analysis to look at the data.Results:The clients of ART experienced various forms of IPV,including sexual,physical,emotional,and economic violence and controlling behaviour.The overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV was 27.5%.This result,although on par with the global IPV average(27%),is 1.5%higher than the national rate(26%).The Upper West Region had the highest prevalence in all the categories of IPV analysed,followed by Oti Region in second place and the Upper East Region in third,except for the prevalence of sexual violence,where Greater Accra Region ranks second.In specific regions of Ghana,sociodemographic factors shaped by patriarchal and economic considerations contribute to a higher prevalence of IPV among people living with HIV.Conclusion:The findings have implications for developing policies and interventions that address the specific factors associated with HIV-induced IPV in different regions of Ghana.These interventions should also include screening PLHIV receiving ART for their IPV status regardless of gender and deploying culturally appropriate education at the community level to foster empathy towards intimate partners living with HIV.展开更多
This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,includi...This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,including deepening of theoretical research,innovation of practice mode,optimization of policy support and cultural adaptation research.展开更多
文摘The year 2026 marks the 70th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and African countries.It also marks the launch of the China-Africa Year of People-to-People Exchanges.At this pivotal juncture linking past achievements with future development,Wang Yi,member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and foreign minister,continued the longstanding diplomatic tradition under which the Chinese foreign minister makes Africa the destination of the first overseas visit of the year,a practice upheld for 36 consecutive years,underscoring the stability,continuity and sincerity of China’s policy towards Africa.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers 82204127 and 72204172)。
文摘Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and in China, has a 19.7% five-year survival rate due to terminal-stage diagnosis^([1-3]).Although low-dose computed tomography(CT) screening can reduce mortality, high false positive rates can create economic and psychological burdens.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFC3606400 and 2023YFB4603200)Major Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(23&ZD188)National Natural Science Foundation of China(72374013).
文摘Background:Digital exclusion is a global issue that disproportionately affects older individuals especially in low-and middle-income nations.However,there is a wide gap in current research regarding the impact of digital exclusion on the mental health of older adults in both high-income and low-and middle-income countries.Methods:We analyzed data from 5 longitudinal cohorts:the Health and Retirement Study(HRS),the English Longitudinal Study of Aging(ELSA),the Survey of Health,Ageing and Retirement in Europe(SHARE),the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS),and the Mexican Health and Aging Study(MHAS).These cohorts consisted of nationwide samples from 24 countries.Digital exclusion was defined as the self-reported lack of access to the internet.Depressive symptoms were assessed using comparable scales across all cohorts.We used generalized estimating equation models,fitting a Poisson model,to investigate the association between the digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.We adjusted for the causal directed acyclic graph(DAG)minimal sufficient adjustment set(MSAS),which includes gender,age,retirement status,education,household wealth,social activities,and weekly contact with their children.Results:During the study period(2010–2018),122,242 participants underwent up to 5 rounds of follow-up.Digital exclusion varied greatly across countries,ranging from 21.1%in Denmark to 96.9%in China.The crude model revealed a significant association between digital exclusion and depressive symptoms.This association remained statistically significant in the MSAS-adjusted model across all cohorts:HRS[incidence rate ratio(IRR),1.37;95% confidence interval(CI),1.28 to 1.47],ELSA(IRR,1.32;95%CI,1.23 to 1.41),SHARE(IRR,1.30;95%CI,1.27 to 1.33),CHARLS(IRR,1.62;95%CI,1.38 to 1.91),and MHAS(IRR,1.31;95%CI,1.26 to 1.37);all Ps<0.001.Notably,this association was consistently stronger in individuals living in lower wealth quintile households across all 5 cohorts and among those who do not regularly interact with their children,except for ELSA.Conclusions:Digital exclusion is globally widespread among older adults.Older individuals who are digitally excluded are at a higher risk of developing depressive symptoms,particularly those with limited communication with their offspring and individuals living in lower wealth quintile households.Prioritizing the provision of internet access to older populations may help reduce the risks of depression symptoms,especially among vulnerable groups with limited familial support and with lower income.
文摘Flood risk in South Africa remains a problem due to climate change,rapid urbanisation and persistent disparities in the region and low-income urban households are disproportionately impacted because of poor access to affordable flood insurance.This paper constructs the Integrated Market Flood Risk Insurance Framework(IMFRIF)based on a qualitative,desk-based research design consisting of contextual policy analysis,systematic literature review and analytical synthesis through systems thinking.The policy and document analysis reviewed the legislation on national disaster management,insurance and industry reports to determine institutional and market limitations on the provision of flood insurance.A PRISMA-ScR systematic literature review filtered 312 records on Scopus,Web of Science,and Google Scholar,which led to the identification of 47 peer-reviewed articles and 15 policy and comparative case studies.Thematic analysis led to the identification of six prevail-ing clusters of barriers based on the influence on insurance uptake,which included affordability and product design,trust and risk perception,data and risk assessment gaps,regulatory capacity,multi-stakeholder coordi-nation,and community engagement.The results of these studies were used to design the IMFRIF,a system incorporating 9 major stakeholder groups and 5 interdependent system components into a single market-based design.The framework provides a systematic foundation to the resolution of systemic exclusion of flood insur-ance,but specifically acknowledges the implementation limitations regarding data availability,regulation ca-pacity,fiscal sustainability and communal level of trust.The IMFRIF is placed as a progressive and responsive system that offers a point of future empirical confirmation and policy implementation to promote inclusive disaster risk financing in South Africa and comparable low-and middle-income contexts.
文摘Ghana has four sedimentary basins,but attention has mostly been concentrated on the Tano Basin.This preference among potential investors is largely due to the fact that it has been extensively studied and also its established oil and gas reserves,which have facilitated the discovery and development of major fields such as the Jubilee Field.In contrast,the Saltpond,Keta,and Voltaian basins have not undergone the same level of exploration and research,thereby making them less attractive to investors.A comparative analysis of the research conducted on the Tano Basin and the other basins is necessary to identify research opportunities that could enhance understanding of these less-explored basins and increase investor interests.The findings indicate that the Tano Basin requires minimal further exploration,while studies on the Saltpond,Keta,and Voltaian basins have primarily focused on sedimentological and geochemical analyses,offering valuable but limited insights into their petroleum systems and hydrocarbon potential.Unlocking Ghana's hydrocarbon potential demands tailored studies for each basin.In the Tano Basin,the key to sustaining and optimizing production lies in advanced seismic reprocessing,pre-stack depth migration,4D reservoir monitoring,and machine-learning-assisted reservoir characterization to address deepwater complexity and compartmentalization.Revitalizing the Saltpond Basin demands updated petroleum system evaluation through modern geochemical techniques,reprocessed 2D/3D seismic data,and comprehensive 1D–3D basin modeling to clarify trap integrity and overlooked plays.In the underexplored Accra–Keta Basin,high-resolution seismic imaging,sequence stratigraphic mapping,and full petroleum system modeling are essential to define reservoir intervals and assess charge potential.For the Voltaian Basin,a deep seismic profiling,integrated geological mapping,source-rock evaluation,and analog-based reservoir/seal studies are required to evaluate its hydrocarbon potential.These targeted efforts are key to de-risking and advancing exploration.An integrated approach is vital for gaining a deeper understanding of the petroleum system elements in these basins.This will not only expand scientific knowledge and inform decision-making at the highest levels but also provide a strong foundation for future exploration,development,and efficient exploitation of hydrocarbon resources.
基金the support of R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (Project No. 2014068E101819AA03) provided by Korea Forest Service (Korea Forestry Promotion Institute)
文摘Over the last 40 years, it has been shown at the global level that sustainable forestry can be achieved through comprehensive forest management,with the decentralized institutional arrangements of community-managed forestry coordinated by effective policy implementation. However, there is still a shortage of evidence regarding whether communitybased forestry is well characterized by forest policies,assessing what action is most needed and how best to address the challenges faced by community-based forestry in halting deforestation and promoting rural livelihoods. The study analyzed experts' assessments of the characteristics and success of communitymanaged forestry in Cambodia and explored three case studies of community-managed forestry practice to identify priorities for addressing forest policy implementation inadequacies in halting deforestation and promoting rural livelihoods. There were two methods of data collection. Firstly, this study used a survey of 27 experts to analyze perceptions about how far forest policy supported community-managed forestry effectively, the major challenges faced by the national community-managed forestry program, and the community-managed forestry contribution to halting deforestation and reducing rural poverty.Secondly, data was collected by content analysis of three case studies to explore the knowledge and practical experience of local experts about community-managed forestry practice at local level.The study employed Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance to analyze the level of concordance of experts on related forest policies(n=15) considering community-managed forestry, the challenges faced by the national community-managed forestry program,and the actions required to enable communitymanaged forestry to support communities. Analysis revealed that experts were in moderate agreement,denoted by Kendall's W=0.152, on how well forest policies articulate and implement the characteristics of community-managed forestry. Ranking of the major challenges faced by the national communitymanaged forestry program yielded Kendall's W of0.104, indicating the confidence in the ranking among experts was fair. There was only low confidence in the ranking of the action needed, with Kendall's W of0.055. Content analysis of the three case studies examining local experts' opinions on the attributes of community-managed forestry concerning the access,local participation and protection of the sustainable forestry revealed that Attribute one ‘Local people have access to the forest land and forest resources', and Attribute three ‘Local people begin by protecting and restoring the forests', received high attention from local experts. Of lesser importance or agreement was attributing two: local participation in decision-making concerning the forest.
文摘A three-year study over the Bai,Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development;concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships,consumption,mar-riage and gender;patterns of decision-making and production,resource and income allocation;as well as the role of information dissemination systems,religion and ritual.Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development,some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended.
文摘A new extractive boom looms over Bolivia, home to roughly a third of the world＇s lithium reserves. Since previous mining booms have not put the country on a sustainable development path, this paper briefly outlines the initial results of a research on policy options to break away with the past. The paper first assesses the relationship between resource dependence and sustainable development by looking at the evolution of genuine savings in Bolivia and neighbouring, resource-rich countries. It then discusses Bolivia＇s potential position on the world＇s lithium market and examines the institutional variables that shape perceptions, expectations and policy options at national and local levels. Notwithstanding major technological challenges, the paper concludes that further research should shed light on how inclusive processes can be nurtured in rentier states, and how far specific institutional reforms can contribute to turning the looming lithium boom into sustainable outcomes in the Bolivian case.
文摘India,located in the Southern Asian subcontinent,is both a rising power and a developing country.India is an important neighboring country of China and is playing a more and more important role in the stage of multilateral affairs.In the overall diplomatic layout of China,India occupies an extremely important status.The
文摘Most parts of the world are rapidly urbanizing. In sub-Saharan Africa, towns are urbanizing at a faster pace than earlier predicted. Also, large portions of rural settings have been gradually moving towards urbanization. The Tamale Metropolis has been rated as the fastest-growing metropolis in Sub-Saharan Africa. City planning and concerns about the need for open-space creation have been a major challenge due to poor adherence to standards in the building codes. This study was conducted to assess the role of open space in human settlement development in the Tamale Metropolis. The study sampled the views of 157 residents who stay closed to community open spaces in five suburbs of the metropolis. Key informant interviews were also conducted with officials from the Town and Country Planning Department. The study revealed that most residents spend leisure by taking a walk in the neighborhood or idling in outdoor spaces. Also, the majority of the residents had poor knowledge of institutional and land administration. This often led to non-adherence to regulations and this affects open spaces in the metropolis. Common among residents is also a poor appreciation of the importance of open space and this results in encroachment. The Town and Country Planning Department should institute sanctions and stringent measures to deter offenders. Also, public seminars should be used to educate residents on the need to adhere to planning and building codes. Lastly, the study recommends strong collaboration between the various institutions engaged in land administration to facilitate effective provision and preservation of quality open spaces in the metropolis.
文摘Inclusive development is a new development idea aiming to overcome .fundamental dilemma and shortcoming in the development of modern civilization. However, for the concept of inclusive development to turn from idea to reality, it is necessary to be pushed forward by corresponding strategy, mechanism and organization on an even grander logical basis. On the one hand, the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind will put in practice inclusive development on the plane of building a new type of modern civilization, making it an important connotation of a new type of modernization and thus raising the realm and significance of inclusive development. On the other hand, not only has China put forward for its domestic development a mid and long term development strategy guided by the new concept for ＂innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared＂ development, it has also made the Belt and Road Initiative on global scale in order to carry out the idea of a community with a shared future for mankind, thus providing an institutional and organizational basis for implementing worldwide the idea of inclusive development and making a unique international contribution.
文摘As one of the oldest human civilizations,the Chinese nation once created brilliant ancient and classical culture.However,in transition to modernity,as China became a late comer of modernization,the Chinese nation has chosen the Party as the leading force in constructing its modern culture.Guided by Marxism,the Communist Party of China(CPC)has advanced
文摘Nyabugogo Stream receives sediment loads from practiced economic activities along its path,these sediment loads affect the composition of the water by changing its natural state,and lead to its deterioration and riverine wetland ecosystem.In this study the main sources of sediments are delineated,while corresponding loads are also quantified.After the analysis of those sediments in different periods,the relationship between economic development activities and sediment loads in Nyabugogo Stream were also determined.The findings revealed that the top most economic activities impacting the quantity of sediment load in Nyabugogo Stream were found to be mining followed by poor agricultural practices,deforestation,untreated sewages,and clay mining/fabrication of bricks respectively.Analysed samples showed in laboratory that at point A situated in Rutare sector have the lowest value of sediment loads of 3.29×10^(6) tons/year while at point C situated in Kigali sector have the highest value of 141.35×10^(6) tons/year,these results showed to be increased as the stream flows from Lake Muhazi to Nyabarongo River as the Stream continue to be experiencing the increase of economic activities practiced in the its catchment which also have been delineated using ArcMap,this showed the relationship between economic activities and sediment loads generated in the stream.The researchers recommend to impose the enforcement of regulations,policies and guidelines for different economic activities so that they cannot pollute natural water bodies and disturb aquatic ecosystem.
基金supported by the National Social Science Fund of China[Grant No.21BGL181]to Yan Chen.
文摘Coal dependence and inefficient decentralized heating have significantly increased China’s energy consumption for winter heating,increasing air pollution and exacerbating the greenhouse effect.In 2017,China implemented the Pilot Policy on Clean Winter Heating in Northern China,aiming to achieve high central heating coverage and cleaner energy consumption.Studying the effects of this policy can help promote its implementation and serve as a reference for effective adjustment of the contents in the future.However,few studies have investigated this policy and its carbon reduction effects,and most focus on the provincial or city levels.Therefore,this paper considers the policy’s influence on air pollution and carbon emissions at the county level to provide a precise and comprehensive assessment of the policy effects.We use panel data from 1290 counties in 15 provinces in Northern China from 2014 to 2021,applying a multiperiod difference-in-differences model to quantify the impact of the policy on carbon emissions and air quality in the pilot area.We then conduct a series of tests to demonstrate the robustness of the results and analyze the mechanisms of the policy effects from two perspectives,namely,central heating and natural gas use,through a mediating effect model.Finally,we examine the heterogeneity of policy effects between counties based on geographic location and per capita income levels of rural residents through a moderating effect model.The results reveal that the policy significantly reduces air pollution and carbon emissions in the pilot area by increasing the central heating area and natural gas use.Compared with the central and western regions in the north and areas with low-income rural residents,the policy effects in the eastern regions in the north and areas with high-income rural residents are more pronounced.
文摘Village CEOs strive to raise incomes in rural Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture.To advance rural revitalisation,Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture has,in recent years,introduced the“village CEO”model as part of its efforts to integrate agriculture,culture,and tourism.This model has emerged as a key strategy for addressing the shortage of rural talent and stimulating regional development.
文摘China can serve as a reliable partner for Europe as it explores new pathways for development.EUROPE is currently experiencing a period of turmoil unseen since the end of the Cold War.The drastic changes in geopolitics,particularly the betrayal of a traditional ally and the consequential damages of that,are placing Europe in a position where its future is uncertain.
基金the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University and the Department of Agricultural and Rural Management in India for providing the necessary database access and research support。
文摘Climate change has emerged as an important global issue,primarily driven by human activities,affecting ecosystems,societies,and economies worldwide.This review employed a comprehensive narrative analysis that incorporates expertise from policy studies,environmental science,and economics.Targeted keywords are used to systematically search major academic databases.This article explores various aspects of climate change,economic consequences,and the evolving discourse on climate risk.It addresses the association between climate change and several economic variables,such as gross domestic product(GDP),foreign direct investment(FDI),and financial markets.The review highlights the complex relationship among physical risks,transition risks,and approaches to cope with climate change.It examines global climate policies such as the Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement.This study also investigates climate risk assessment models like Integrated Assessment Models(IAMs)and how they help understand the economic effect of climate change.Moreover,it explores ways to adapt to and reduce climate change,such as carbon taxes and subsidies.This review focuses on the critical importance of instruments like the Climate Action Tracker in evaluating national and global climate change responses,which serve as a framework for assessing policy effectiveness and progress toward emission targets.By integrating different viewpoints from economics,environmental science,and governance,this review underscores the value of coordinated global action to address the challenges posed by climate change.
文摘Artificial intelligence(Al)has emerged as a key arena in major country competition.Recognizing the potential of artificial intelligence as a strategic asset to redefine the United States'global technological leadership and geopolitical influence,the Trump administration announced the Stargate project in January 2025.Trump's Al infrastructure policy is characterized by government-led connections to technology capital,loose technological regulation,security priorities,and the pursuit of political achievements.His policy goals are to achieve economic growth and job creation internally to serve the political goal of American revival,win the global AI competition,and ensure US global technological leadership.However,the policy implementation of AI infrastructure faces a few challenges,such as industrial path dependency,energy supply constraints,and ethical risks of Al.Guided by techno-nationalism,the US would continue to regard China as its primary strategic competitor.
基金supported by the Christian Health Association of Ghana under Global Fund New Funding Model 3(NFM 3)HIV/TB Community Systems Strengthening programme(CSS)。
文摘Objective:Intimate partner violence(IPV)among people living with the human immune deficiency virus(PLHIV)poses a significant threat to efforts to reduce the spread of human immune deficiency virus(HIV)and achieve the sustainable development goals.In Ghana,scholarly research on the forms and prevalence of IPV is available,however knowledge of the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV is limited.To understand the prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the intersectional factors that contribute to it,this study examined the overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV and the associated sociodemographic factors across ten regions of Ghana.Methods:We administered face-to-face survey questionnaires to 661 randomly selected antiretroviral therapy(ART)clients using Research Electronic Data Capture tools.We used descriptive statistics(mean,standard deviation,minimum,and maximum),pairwise correlation,and multivariate regression analysis to look at the data.Results:The clients of ART experienced various forms of IPV,including sexual,physical,emotional,and economic violence and controlling behaviour.The overall prevalence of IPV among PLHIV was 27.5%.This result,although on par with the global IPV average(27%),is 1.5%higher than the national rate(26%).The Upper West Region had the highest prevalence in all the categories of IPV analysed,followed by Oti Region in second place and the Upper East Region in third,except for the prevalence of sexual violence,where Greater Accra Region ranks second.In specific regions of Ghana,sociodemographic factors shaped by patriarchal and economic considerations contribute to a higher prevalence of IPV among people living with HIV.Conclusion:The findings have implications for developing policies and interventions that address the specific factors associated with HIV-induced IPV in different regions of Ghana.These interventions should also include screening PLHIV receiving ART for their IPV status regardless of gender and deploying culturally appropriate education at the community level to foster empathy towards intimate partners living with HIV.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(71774049).
文摘This paper systematically reviews the research progress of Advance Care Planning(ACP)in the field of lung cancer,and discusses its implementation status,key influencing factors and future development direction,including deepening of theoretical research,innovation of practice mode,optimization of policy support and cultural adaptation research.
