Endogenous reference genes (ERGs) provide vital information regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The successful detection of ERGs can identity GMOs and the source of genes, verify stability and reliability...Endogenous reference genes (ERGs) provide vital information regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The successful detection of ERGs can identity GMOs and the source of genes, verify stability and reliability of the detection system, and calculate the level of genetically modified (GM) ingredients in mixtures. The reported ERGs in rice include sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), phospholipase D (PLD), RBE4 and rice root-specific GOS9 genes. Based on the characteristics of ERGs, a new ERG gene, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), was selected, and further compared with the four existing genes. A total of 18 rice varieties and 29 non-rice crops were used to verify the interspecies specificity, intraspecies consistency, sensitivity, stability and reliability of these five ERGs using qualitative and quantitative PCR. Qualitative detection indicated that SPS and PEPC displayed sufficient specificity, and the detection sensitivity was 0.05% and 0.005%, respectively. Although the specificity of both RBE4 and GOS9 were adequate, the amplicons were small and easily confused with primer dimers. Non-specific amplification of the PLD gene was present in maize and potato. Real-time quantitative PCR detection indicated that PLD, SPS and PEPC displayed good specificity, with R2 of the standard curve greater than 0.98, while the amplification efficiency ranged between 90% and 110%. Both the detection sensitivities of PLD and PEPC were five copies and that of SPS was ten copies. RBE4 showed typical amplification in maize, beet and Arabidopsis, while GOS9 was found in maize, tobacco and oats. PEPC exhibited excellent detection sensitivity and species specificity, which made it a potentially useful application in GM-rice supervision and administration. Additionally, SPS and PLD are also suitable for GM-rice detection. This study effectively established a foundation for GMO detection, which not only provides vital technical support for GMO identification, but also is of great significance for enhancing the comparability of detection results, and the standardization of ERG testing in GM-rice.展开更多
Grain shape is a key breeding target that influences both grain yield and appearance quality in rice. Breeding for long-slender grains is an effective strategy to improve grain quality (Jain et al., 2004;Wang et al., ...Grain shape is a key breeding target that influences both grain yield and appearance quality in rice. Breeding for long-slender grains is an effective strategy to improve grain quality (Jain et al., 2004;Wang et al., 2012, 2015a). In the past two decades, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for grain size and shape have been identified, including GS3 (Fan et al., 2006), GS5 (Li et al., 2011).展开更多
The fall armyworm(FAW)Spodoptera frugiperda,which originated in the Americas,is advancing across China and threatening the nation’s maize crops.Currently,one widely used tool for its control is genetically modified(G...The fall armyworm(FAW)Spodoptera frugiperda,which originated in the Americas,is advancing across China and threatening the nation’s maize crops.Currently,one widely used tool for its control is genetically modified(GM)Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)maize.Sufficient content of Bt protein in appropriate plant parts is crucial for enhancing resistance against insect pests.In this study,we conducted a systematic investigation of Cry1 Ab levels in Chinese domestic GM maize DBN9936,which has recently obtained a biosafety certificate,and evaluated its efficacy against FAW.Quantification of expression levels of Cry1 Ab,via ELISA,indicated a spatio-temporal dynamic,with significant variation of mean Cry1 Ab,ranging from 0.76 to 8.48μg g-1 FW with the Cry1 Ab protein level ranked as:V6-V8 leaf>R1 leaf>R4 leaf>R1 silk>VT tassel>R4 kernel.Among the nine locations,the Cry1 Ab levels in DBN9936 of the Xinxiang,Langfang,and Harbin fields were significantly lower than those from Wuhan and Shenyang,and were slightly,but not significantly lower than those from the other four fields.Furthermore,the artificial diet-Cry1 Ab mixture and plant tissue feeding bioassays revealed that DBN9936 has high efficacy against FAW.The insecticidal efficacy of different tissues against FAW larvae reached 34-100%with a descending order of lethality as follows:VT leaf>R4 leaf>R1 husk>R1 silk>VT tassel>R4 kernel.Taken together,our results showed that Bt-Cry1 Ab maize DBN9936 has potential as a promising strategy to manage FAW.展开更多
Cowpea(Vigna imguicuiata) is an important legume crop with diverse uses. The species is presently a minor crop, and evaluation of its genetic diversity has been very limited. In this study, a total of 200 genic and 10...Cowpea(Vigna imguicuiata) is an important legume crop with diverse uses. The species is presently a minor crop, and evaluation of its genetic diversity has been very limited. In this study, a total of 200 genic and 100 genomic simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers were developed from cowpea unigene and genome sequences, respectively. Among them, 27 genic and 27 genomic SSR markers were polymorphic and were used for assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in 105 selected cowpea accessions. A total of 155 alleles and 2.9 alleles per marker were identified, and the average polymorphic information content(PIC) value was 0.3615. The average PIC of genomic SSRs(0.3996) was higher than that of genic SSRs(0.3235), and most of the polymorphic genomic SSRs were composed of di-and trinucleotide repeats(51.9% and 37.0% of all loci, respectively). The low level of detected genetic diversity may be attributed to a severe genetic bottleneck that occurred during the cowpea domestication process. The accessions were classified by structure and cluster analysis into four subgroups that correlated well with their geographic origins or collection sites. The classification results were also consistent with the results from principal coordinate analysis and can be used as a guide during future germplasm collection and selection of accessions as breeding materials for cultivar improvement. The newly developed genic and genomic SSR markers described in this study will be valuable genomic resources for the assessment of genetic diversity, population structure, evaluation of germplasm accessions, construction of genetic maps, identification of genes of interest,and application of marker-assisted selection in cowpea breeding programs.展开更多
With the rapid development of genetic technology,the application of genetically modified crops has brought revolutionary changes to the global agricultural production and agricultural trade patterns,and has played an ...With the rapid development of genetic technology,the application of genetically modified crops has brought revolutionary changes to the global agricultural production and agricultural trade patterns,and has played an important role in ensuring human health,environmental safety and sustainable agricultural development.In order to strengthen genetically modified organisms(GMO)safety management,countries around the world have formulated GMO safety management policies adapted to their own national conditions with reference to internationally accepted practices.In this study,we carried out comparative studies among the United States,the European Union,Japan and other developed countries or regions and China from the aspects of regulations and management institutions,safety evaluation systems,and label management,so as to provide references for the improvement of China's GMO safety management policies.展开更多
Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modific...Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modification(GM)and genome-editing(GE)technologies,is crucial for food security and environmental sustainability.China,which is at the forefront of global biotechnological innovation and the rapid advancements in GM and GE technologies,has prioritized this field by implementing strategic programs such as the National High-tech Research&Development Program in 1986,the National Genetically Modified Organism New Variety Breeding Program in 2008,and the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project in 2022.Many biotechnological products have been widely commercialized in China,including biofertilizers,animal feed,animal vaccines,pesticides,and GM crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),maize(Zea mays),and soybean(Glycine max).In this review,we summarize progress on the research and utilization of GM and GE organisms in China over the past 3 decades and provide perspectives on their further development.This review thus aims to promote worldwide academic exchange and contribute to the further development and commercial success of agricultural biotechnology.展开更多
Self-powered flexible devices with skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).Various methods have been proposed to enhance mechan...Self-powered flexible devices with skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).Various methods have been proposed to enhance mechano-optic or electric performance of the flexible devices;however,it remains challenging to realize the display and accurate recognition of motion trajectories for intelligent control.Here,we present a fully self-powered mechanoluminescent-triboelectric bimodal sensor based on micronanostructured mechanoluminescent elastomer,which can patterned-display the force trajectories.The deformable liquid metals used as stretchable electrode make the stress transfer stable through overall device to achieve outstanding mechanoluminescence(with a gray value of 107 under a stimulus force as low as 0.3 N and more than 2000 cycles reproducibility).Moreover,a microstructured surface is constructed which endows the resulted composite with significantly improved triboelectric performances(voltage increases from 8 to 24 V).Based on the excellent bimodal sensing performances and durability of the obtained composite,a highly reliable intelligent control system by machine learning has been developed for controlling trolley,providing an approach for advanced visual interaction devices and smart wearable electronics in the future IoT era.展开更多
With the widespread cultivation of transgenic crops, there is increasing concern about unintended effects of these crops on soil environmental quality. In this study, we used the Biolog method and ELISA to evaluate th...With the widespread cultivation of transgenic crops, there is increasing concern about unintended effects of these crops on soil environmental quality. In this study, we used the Biolog method and ELISA to evaluate the possible effects of Osr HSA transgenic rice on soil microbial utilization of carbon substrates under field conditions. There were no significant differences in average well-color development(AWCD) values, Shannon–Wiener diversity index(H), Simpson dominance indices(D) and Shannon–Wiener evenness indices(E) of microbial communities in rhizosphere soils at eight samplings between Osr HSA transgenic rice and its non-transgenic counterpart. The main carbon sources utilized by soil microbes were carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids and polymers. The types,capacities and patterns of carbon source utilization by microbial communities in rhizosphere soils were similar throughout the detection period. We detected no Osr HSA protein in the roots of Osr HSA transgenic rice. We concluded that Osr HSA transgenic rice and the r HSA protein it produced did not alter the functional diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere.展开更多
An experimental investigation is carried out to machine SiC ceramic material through the method of high speed plane lapping with solid(fixed) abrasives after the critical condition of brittle-ductile transition is the...An experimental investigation is carried out to machine SiC ceramic material through the method of high speed plane lapping with solid(fixed) abrasives after the critical condition of brittle-ductile transition is theoretically analyzed. The results show that the material removal mechanism and the surface roughness are chiefly related to the granularity of abrasives for brittle materials such as SiC ceramic. It is easily realized to machine SiC ceramic in the ductile mode using W3.5 grit and a high efficiency, low cost and smooth surface with a surface roughness of R_a 2.4?nm can be achieved.展开更多
To ensure safe use of genetically modified organisms(GMOs),since 1993,China has made great efforts to establish and improve the safety regulatory system for GMOs.Here,we summarize and analyze the regulatory framework ...To ensure safe use of genetically modified organisms(GMOs),since 1993,China has made great efforts to establish and improve the safety regulatory system for GMOs.Here,we summarize and analyze the regulatory framework of agricultural GMOs,and the progress in regulatory approval of GM crops in China.In general,the development of GMO safety regulations underwent four stages:exploration(1993–2000),development(2001–2010),improvement(2011–2020)and current(2021-present)stage.The first formal regulation was promulgated in 1993,which provided a basis for further development of the regulations,during the exploration stage,when insect-resistant GM cotton,expressing genes from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt),was approved for cultivation.During the development stage,the Chinese government issued a series of administrative measures,which covered almost all the fields relative to GMO safety when the basic regulatory system was established.Along with the controversy over GMO safety,the regulations have been further,and greatly improved,during improvement stage.From 2021,a few additional revisions have been made,and meanwhile,the new regulation on gene-edited crops was introduced with the development of biotechnology,forming a relative complete regulation and law system for China.The well-developed GMO regulations establishes a firm basis for safe use of GM crops in China.Currently,GM cotton and GM papaya have been widely grown on a large scale in China that have brought great economic and ecological benefits.In addition,12 corn events,3 soybean events,and 2 rice events have also obtained biosafety certification,but presently,these lines have yet to enter commercial production.However,several GM soybean and corn events have entered pilot industrialization,and can soon be expected to be commercially grown in China.In addition to planting,six GM crops,including soybean,corn,cotton,canola,papaya and sugar beet,with a total of 64 events,have been approved for import as processing material in China.展开更多
Chemical reduction of graphene oxide(GO)often requires harsh conditions and introduces structural defects,limiting its application in photothermal-driven oil spill remediation.Herein,we report a novel plasmon-driven p...Chemical reduction of graphene oxide(GO)often requires harsh conditions and introduces structural defects,limiting its application in photothermal-driven oil spill remediation.Herein,we report a novel plasmon-driven photochemical reduction strategy using silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)to achieve defect healing and efficient reduction of GO under solar irradiation at room temperature.The localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)of Ag NPs not only promotes the deoxygenation of GO to form a superhydrophobic surface but also repairs the conjugated structure of GO via hot electron transfer,reducing its defect density by 21%.The resulting Ag NPs@rGO composite exhibits strong solar-spectrum absorption(93.8%)and high photo-thermal conversion efficiency(89.7%).When coated on a polyurethane(PU)sponge,the material rapidly heats to 81℃ within 60 s under 1 sun irradiation,significantly reducing the viscosity of crude oil and achieving an adsorption capacity of 47.2 g/g,six times higher than that of conventional carbon-based sponges.Remarkably,the sponge maintains stable adsorption performance over 36 absorption-desorption cycles and demonstrates exceptional chemical/mechanical durability.This study provides an eco-friendly approach for fabricating high-quality rGO and highlights its potential for sustainable environmental remediation material.展开更多
In the context of the gradual popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),the development of lithium battery systems with high energy density and power density is regarded as the foremost way to improve the range of EVs.LiNi...In the context of the gradual popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),the development of lithium battery systems with high energy density and power density is regarded as the foremost way to improve the range of EVs.LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y)O_(2)(NCM)cathodes have been the focus of researchers due to their high energy density,excellent power performance,and low-temperature resistance.However,the elaboration of the decay mechanism of NCM cathode based on lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is still being restricted to the primary level.In the past decades,the development and application of advanced in-situ characterization tools have facilitated researchers'understanding of the internal operation mechanism of batteries during charging and discharging.In this minireview,the latest progress of in-situ observation of the NCM cathode by X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),optical microscope,and other characterization tools is summarized.The mechanisms of structural degradation,cathode-electrolyte interfaces(CEIs)composition,and dynamic changes of NCM,electrolyte breakdown,and gas production are elaborated.Finally,based on the existing research progress,the opportunities and challenges for future in-situ characterization technology in the study of the mechanism of LMBs are discussed in depth.Therefore,the purpose of this minireview is to summarize recent work that focuses on the outstanding application of in-situ characterization techniques in the mechanistic study of LMBs,and pointing the way to the future development of high energy density and power density LMBs systems.展开更多
Aiming for suppressing side-mode and spectrum broadening,a slit beam-shaping method and super-Gaussian apodization processing for femtosecond laser point-by-point(PbP)inscription technology of fiber Bragg gratings(FBG...Aiming for suppressing side-mode and spectrum broadening,a slit beam-shaping method and super-Gaussian apodization processing for femtosecond laser point-by-point(PbP)inscription technology of fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)are reported here.High-quality FBGs,featuring narrow bandwidth of less than 0.3 nm,high reflectivity above 85%,low insertion loss(0.21 dB),and low cladding loss(0.82 dB),were obtained successfully.By a semi-automatic PbP inscription process,an array consisting of six FBGs,exhibiting almost no side-mode peaks with high suppression ability and narrow bandwidth,was fabricated along three independently developed single-mode fibers with an interval of 20 mm.展开更多
文摘Endogenous reference genes (ERGs) provide vital information regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The successful detection of ERGs can identity GMOs and the source of genes, verify stability and reliability of the detection system, and calculate the level of genetically modified (GM) ingredients in mixtures. The reported ERGs in rice include sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS), phospholipase D (PLD), RBE4 and rice root-specific GOS9 genes. Based on the characteristics of ERGs, a new ERG gene, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC), was selected, and further compared with the four existing genes. A total of 18 rice varieties and 29 non-rice crops were used to verify the interspecies specificity, intraspecies consistency, sensitivity, stability and reliability of these five ERGs using qualitative and quantitative PCR. Qualitative detection indicated that SPS and PEPC displayed sufficient specificity, and the detection sensitivity was 0.05% and 0.005%, respectively. Although the specificity of both RBE4 and GOS9 were adequate, the amplicons were small and easily confused with primer dimers. Non-specific amplification of the PLD gene was present in maize and potato. Real-time quantitative PCR detection indicated that PLD, SPS and PEPC displayed good specificity, with R2 of the standard curve greater than 0.98, while the amplification efficiency ranged between 90% and 110%. Both the detection sensitivities of PLD and PEPC were five copies and that of SPS was ten copies. RBE4 showed typical amplification in maize, beet and Arabidopsis, while GOS9 was found in maize, tobacco and oats. PEPC exhibited excellent detection sensitivity and species specificity, which made it a potentially useful application in GM-rice supervision and administration. Additionally, SPS and PLD are also suitable for GM-rice detection. This study effectively established a foundation for GMO detection, which not only provides vital technical support for GMO identification, but also is of great significance for enhancing the comparability of detection results, and the standardization of ERG testing in GM-rice.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(31970304,31971916)Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences (2019-100),ChinaOpen Fund of the Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding(GPKLPMB201904)
文摘Grain shape is a key breeding target that influences both grain yield and appearance quality in rice. Breeding for long-slender grains is an effective strategy to improve grain quality (Jain et al., 2004;Wang et al., 2012, 2015a). In the past two decades, several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for grain size and shape have been identified, including GS3 (Fan et al., 2006), GS5 (Li et al., 2011).
基金funded by the National Genetically Modified Organism New Variety Breeding Program of China(2019ZX08012-004)。
文摘The fall armyworm(FAW)Spodoptera frugiperda,which originated in the Americas,is advancing across China and threatening the nation’s maize crops.Currently,one widely used tool for its control is genetically modified(GM)Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)maize.Sufficient content of Bt protein in appropriate plant parts is crucial for enhancing resistance against insect pests.In this study,we conducted a systematic investigation of Cry1 Ab levels in Chinese domestic GM maize DBN9936,which has recently obtained a biosafety certificate,and evaluated its efficacy against FAW.Quantification of expression levels of Cry1 Ab,via ELISA,indicated a spatio-temporal dynamic,with significant variation of mean Cry1 Ab,ranging from 0.76 to 8.48μg g-1 FW with the Cry1 Ab protein level ranked as:V6-V8 leaf>R1 leaf>R4 leaf>R1 silk>VT tassel>R4 kernel.Among the nine locations,the Cry1 Ab levels in DBN9936 of the Xinxiang,Langfang,and Harbin fields were significantly lower than those from Wuhan and Shenyang,and were slightly,but not significantly lower than those from the other four fields.Furthermore,the artificial diet-Cry1 Ab mixture and plant tissue feeding bioassays revealed that DBN9936 has high efficacy against FAW.The insecticidal efficacy of different tissues against FAW larvae reached 34-100%with a descending order of lethality as follows:VT leaf>R4 leaf>R1 husk>R1 silk>VT tassel>R4 kernel.Taken together,our results showed that Bt-Cry1 Ab maize DBN9936 has potential as a promising strategy to manage FAW.
基金funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program (ASTIP) of CAASthe China Agriculture Research System (CARS-09)
文摘Cowpea(Vigna imguicuiata) is an important legume crop with diverse uses. The species is presently a minor crop, and evaluation of its genetic diversity has been very limited. In this study, a total of 200 genic and 100 genomic simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers were developed from cowpea unigene and genome sequences, respectively. Among them, 27 genic and 27 genomic SSR markers were polymorphic and were used for assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in 105 selected cowpea accessions. A total of 155 alleles and 2.9 alleles per marker were identified, and the average polymorphic information content(PIC) value was 0.3615. The average PIC of genomic SSRs(0.3996) was higher than that of genic SSRs(0.3235), and most of the polymorphic genomic SSRs were composed of di-and trinucleotide repeats(51.9% and 37.0% of all loci, respectively). The low level of detected genetic diversity may be attributed to a severe genetic bottleneck that occurred during the cowpea domestication process. The accessions were classified by structure and cluster analysis into four subgroups that correlated well with their geographic origins or collection sites. The classification results were also consistent with the results from principal coordinate analysis and can be used as a guide during future germplasm collection and selection of accessions as breeding materials for cultivar improvement. The newly developed genic and genomic SSR markers described in this study will be valuable genomic resources for the assessment of genetic diversity, population structure, evaluation of germplasm accessions, construction of genetic maps, identification of genes of interest,and application of marker-assisted selection in cowpea breeding programs.
基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-15-36)Agriculture Research System of Rape and Cotton in Anhui Province(AHCARS-04)Team Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2021YL032).
文摘With the rapid development of genetic technology,the application of genetically modified crops has brought revolutionary changes to the global agricultural production and agricultural trade patterns,and has played an important role in ensuring human health,environmental safety and sustainable agricultural development.In order to strengthen genetically modified organisms(GMO)safety management,countries around the world have formulated GMO safety management policies adapted to their own national conditions with reference to internationally accepted practices.In this study,we carried out comparative studies among the United States,the European Union,Japan and other developed countries or regions and China from the aspects of regulations and management institutions,safety evaluation systems,and label management,so as to provide references for the improvement of China's GMO safety management policies.
基金Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04021).
文摘Meeting the increasing demand for food and industrial products by the growing global population requires targeted efforts to improve crops,livestock,and microorganisms.Modern biotechnology,particularly genetic modification(GM)and genome-editing(GE)technologies,is crucial for food security and environmental sustainability.China,which is at the forefront of global biotechnological innovation and the rapid advancements in GM and GE technologies,has prioritized this field by implementing strategic programs such as the National High-tech Research&Development Program in 1986,the National Genetically Modified Organism New Variety Breeding Program in 2008,and the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project in 2022.Many biotechnological products have been widely commercialized in China,including biofertilizers,animal feed,animal vaccines,pesticides,and GM crops such as cotton(Gossypium hirsutum),maize(Zea mays),and soybean(Glycine max).In this review,we summarize progress on the research and utilization of GM and GE organisms in China over the past 3 decades and provide perspectives on their further development.This review thus aims to promote worldwide academic exchange and contribute to the further development and commercial success of agricultural biotechnology.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173112 and 51873123)Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2021JDJQ0017)the Program for Featured Directions of Engineering Multidisciplines of Sichuan University(No:2020SCUNG203)for financial support。
文摘Self-powered flexible devices with skin-like multiple sensing ability have attracted great attentions due to their broad applications in the Internet of Things(IoT).Various methods have been proposed to enhance mechano-optic or electric performance of the flexible devices;however,it remains challenging to realize the display and accurate recognition of motion trajectories for intelligent control.Here,we present a fully self-powered mechanoluminescent-triboelectric bimodal sensor based on micronanostructured mechanoluminescent elastomer,which can patterned-display the force trajectories.The deformable liquid metals used as stretchable electrode make the stress transfer stable through overall device to achieve outstanding mechanoluminescence(with a gray value of 107 under a stimulus force as low as 0.3 N and more than 2000 cycles reproducibility).Moreover,a microstructured surface is constructed which endows the resulted composite with significantly improved triboelectric performances(voltage increases from 8 to 24 V).Based on the excellent bimodal sensing performances and durability of the obtained composite,a highly reliable intelligent control system by machine learning has been developed for controlling trolley,providing an approach for advanced visual interaction devices and smart wearable electronics in the future IoT era.
基金supported by the Major Project of China on New Varieties of GMO Cultivation (2012ZX08011-003 and 2014ZX08011-004B)
文摘With the widespread cultivation of transgenic crops, there is increasing concern about unintended effects of these crops on soil environmental quality. In this study, we used the Biolog method and ELISA to evaluate the possible effects of Osr HSA transgenic rice on soil microbial utilization of carbon substrates under field conditions. There were no significant differences in average well-color development(AWCD) values, Shannon–Wiener diversity index(H), Simpson dominance indices(D) and Shannon–Wiener evenness indices(E) of microbial communities in rhizosphere soils at eight samplings between Osr HSA transgenic rice and its non-transgenic counterpart. The main carbon sources utilized by soil microbes were carbohydrates, carboxylic acids, amino acids and polymers. The types,capacities and patterns of carbon source utilization by microbial communities in rhizosphere soils were similar throughout the detection period. We detected no Osr HSA protein in the roots of Osr HSA transgenic rice. We concluded that Osr HSA transgenic rice and the r HSA protein it produced did not alter the functional diversity of microbial communities in the rhizosphere.
文摘An experimental investigation is carried out to machine SiC ceramic material through the method of high speed plane lapping with solid(fixed) abrasives after the critical condition of brittle-ductile transition is theoretically analyzed. The results show that the material removal mechanism and the surface roughness are chiefly related to the granularity of abrasives for brittle materials such as SiC ceramic. It is easily realized to machine SiC ceramic in the ductile mode using W3.5 grit and a high efficiency, low cost and smooth surface with a surface roughness of R_a 2.4?nm can be achieved.
基金supported by the National Special Biological Breeding Program of the People’s Republic of China.
文摘To ensure safe use of genetically modified organisms(GMOs),since 1993,China has made great efforts to establish and improve the safety regulatory system for GMOs.Here,we summarize and analyze the regulatory framework of agricultural GMOs,and the progress in regulatory approval of GM crops in China.In general,the development of GMO safety regulations underwent four stages:exploration(1993–2000),development(2001–2010),improvement(2011–2020)and current(2021-present)stage.The first formal regulation was promulgated in 1993,which provided a basis for further development of the regulations,during the exploration stage,when insect-resistant GM cotton,expressing genes from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt),was approved for cultivation.During the development stage,the Chinese government issued a series of administrative measures,which covered almost all the fields relative to GMO safety when the basic regulatory system was established.Along with the controversy over GMO safety,the regulations have been further,and greatly improved,during improvement stage.From 2021,a few additional revisions have been made,and meanwhile,the new regulation on gene-edited crops was introduced with the development of biotechnology,forming a relative complete regulation and law system for China.The well-developed GMO regulations establishes a firm basis for safe use of GM crops in China.Currently,GM cotton and GM papaya have been widely grown on a large scale in China that have brought great economic and ecological benefits.In addition,12 corn events,3 soybean events,and 2 rice events have also obtained biosafety certification,but presently,these lines have yet to enter commercial production.However,several GM soybean and corn events have entered pilot industrialization,and can soon be expected to be commercially grown in China.In addition to planting,six GM crops,including soybean,corn,cotton,canola,papaya and sugar beet,with a total of 64 events,have been approved for import as processing material in China.
基金supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022JDJQ0020)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973245,22076153)the Analytical and Testing Center of Southwest Jiaotong University.
文摘Chemical reduction of graphene oxide(GO)often requires harsh conditions and introduces structural defects,limiting its application in photothermal-driven oil spill remediation.Herein,we report a novel plasmon-driven photochemical reduction strategy using silver nanoparticles(Ag NPs)to achieve defect healing and efficient reduction of GO under solar irradiation at room temperature.The localized surface plasmon resonance(LSPR)of Ag NPs not only promotes the deoxygenation of GO to form a superhydrophobic surface but also repairs the conjugated structure of GO via hot electron transfer,reducing its defect density by 21%.The resulting Ag NPs@rGO composite exhibits strong solar-spectrum absorption(93.8%)and high photo-thermal conversion efficiency(89.7%).When coated on a polyurethane(PU)sponge,the material rapidly heats to 81℃ within 60 s under 1 sun irradiation,significantly reducing the viscosity of crude oil and achieving an adsorption capacity of 47.2 g/g,six times higher than that of conventional carbon-based sponges.Remarkably,the sponge maintains stable adsorption performance over 36 absorption-desorption cycles and demonstrates exceptional chemical/mechanical durability.This study provides an eco-friendly approach for fabricating high-quality rGO and highlights its potential for sustainable environmental remediation material.
基金supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A2072,52072352,and 21875226)the Foundation for the Youth S&T Innovation Team of Sichuan Province(No.2020JDTD0035)Tianfu Rencai Plan.
文摘In the context of the gradual popularity of electric vehicles(EVs),the development of lithium battery systems with high energy density and power density is regarded as the foremost way to improve the range of EVs.LiNi_(1-x-y)Co_(x)Mn_(y)O_(2)(NCM)cathodes have been the focus of researchers due to their high energy density,excellent power performance,and low-temperature resistance.However,the elaboration of the decay mechanism of NCM cathode based on lithium metal batteries(LMBs)is still being restricted to the primary level.In the past decades,the development and application of advanced in-situ characterization tools have facilitated researchers'understanding of the internal operation mechanism of batteries during charging and discharging.In this minireview,the latest progress of in-situ observation of the NCM cathode by X-ray diffraction(XRD),fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,atomic force microscopy(AFM),transmission electron microscope(TEM),optical microscope,and other characterization tools is summarized.The mechanisms of structural degradation,cathode-electrolyte interfaces(CEIs)composition,and dynamic changes of NCM,electrolyte breakdown,and gas production are elaborated.Finally,based on the existing research progress,the opportunities and challenges for future in-situ characterization technology in the study of the mechanism of LMBs are discussed in depth.Therefore,the purpose of this minireview is to summarize recent work that focuses on the outstanding application of in-situ characterization techniques in the mechanistic study of LMBs,and pointing the way to the future development of high energy density and power density LMBs systems.
基金supported by the Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.23NSFSC4751)。
文摘Aiming for suppressing side-mode and spectrum broadening,a slit beam-shaping method and super-Gaussian apodization processing for femtosecond laser point-by-point(PbP)inscription technology of fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)are reported here.High-quality FBGs,featuring narrow bandwidth of less than 0.3 nm,high reflectivity above 85%,low insertion loss(0.21 dB),and low cladding loss(0.82 dB),were obtained successfully.By a semi-automatic PbP inscription process,an array consisting of six FBGs,exhibiting almost no side-mode peaks with high suppression ability and narrow bandwidth,was fabricated along three independently developed single-mode fibers with an interval of 20 mm.
