China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have alwa...China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have always been a priority in national development.At its fourth plenary session held in October 2025,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)once again emphasized the need to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,and advance all-around rural revitalization over the next five years.展开更多
The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regul...The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the m TOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies”(Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of m TOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health.展开更多
Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoen...Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoenvironmental indicators on interbed development.With this aim in mind,we established an interbed classification scheme and quantified the development of different types of interbeds and their frequencies.We categorized the shale interbeds into three types based on interbed type:silt interbeds(SIs),shell fragment interbeds(SFIs),and shell skeleton interbeds(SSIs).The SIs,SFIs,and SSIs are respectively the products of extrabasinal low-density turbidity currents,intrabasinal debris flow,and intrabasinal low-density turbidity currents.We propose that variations in paleoenvironmental conditions primarily influenced the types of interbeds that developed but had minimal impact on the frequency of their development.Models depicting the interbed development within the 1st Submember of Dongyuemiao Member indicate that during the early Dongyuemiao depositional period,under conditions of relatively aridity,weak weathering,high terrigenous input,and strong hydrodynamic activity,SSIs were well developed.In the middle depositional period,as the climate gradually transitioned to more humid conditions,and the weathering intensity and amount of terrestrial input increased,the development of SIs and SFIs significantly increased.During the late depositional period,with a continuous decrease in terrestrial inputs and sedimentation rates,the development of SIs decreased while that of SSIs increased.展开更多
Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course ...Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.展开更多
The study offers a conceptual framework illuminating sustainable rural development by a continuous cycling interplay among five interdependent systems,physical,social,economic,knowledge,and creative.The framework is a...The study offers a conceptual framework illuminating sustainable rural development by a continuous cycling interplay among five interdependent systems,physical,social,economic,knowledge,and creative.The framework is applied to analyze the livelihood transition in the economic system and conversion of traditional knowledge in the creative system for farm households engaged in large cardamom cultivation in Northern mountainous region in Vietnam.This study used a probit model to examine a data set comprising 300 households and confirmed that factors within the social and physical systems(such as labor,access to information,social networks,land use,and transportation infrastructure)determined livelihood transition to tourism employment within the economic system.In addition,the conversion of traditional knowledge in the creative system was found to be contingent upon non-farm employment and credit capital in the economic system,as well as traditional knowledge and knowledge exchange in the knowledge system.This study demonstrates how the sustainable development of rural agriculture can be achieved by converting traditional knowledge and transferring livelihood,contributing to attain Sustainable Development Goals 2(Zero Hunger)and SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production).展开更多
China has achieved the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule,contributing significantly to global poverty reduction.Despite extended efforts in...China has achieved the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule,contributing significantly to global poverty reduction.Despite extended efforts in poverty elimination,there is a lack of quantitative studies categorizing and comparing poverty-elimination counties(PECs)based on their processes.This study proposes an innovative framework for analyzing PECs’development paths from the perspective of population-land-industry(PLI).We quantify the PLI matching degree of PECs in China during the critical phase of the battle against poverty through a multivariate matching model,classify PECs via K-means clustering according to the consistency in PLI matching degree evolution,and summarize the typical development patterns of PECs.Results indicate that the PLI matching degree of PECs in China increased substantially from 2015 to 2020,particularly in eastern areas,while the western region,including the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and southwestern Xinjiang,shows untapped potential for improvement.Five types of PECs are identified,with the majority(30.1%)showing sustained moderate PLI matching and a minority(9.6%)experiencing long-term PLI mismatch.Industry is the shortfall of various PECs,and effective strategies to facilitate all types of PECs include the development of emerging businesses and the expansion of secondary and tertiary industries.Additionally,enriching rural labor force and increasing farmland use efficiency are essential for optimal PLI matching and positive interaction,ultimately ensuring poverty elimination and sustainable development.展开更多
Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in ...Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in preterm infants.The aspects and extent to which the home environment affects the early(18 months corrected age)neuropsychological development of preterm infants are still unclear.Aims This study aimed to analyse the effect of the home environment on the neuropsychiatric development of preterm infants at 18 months corrected age after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).It also sought to provide a basis for promoting neuropsychiatric development among preterm infants by improving the home environment.Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study,275 preterm infants born between January 2019 and January 2022 were followed up for systematic management after discharge from the NICU at Shanghai Children's Hospital.The Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the home environment of the infants and analyse its impact on the developmental quotient(evaluated by the Gesell Developmental Scale)and the rate of developmental delays at 18 months corrected age.Results A total of 41.454%of the infants were extremely preterm.The developmental quotient scores at 18 months corrected age were in the middle of the scale.The language domain had the highest rate of developmental delay(46.182%),followed by the adaptive domain(37.091%).Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that compared with infants in supportive home environments,infants with moderate/unsupportive home environments had significantly elevated risks of development delay:2.162-fold for global(odds ratio(OR)2.162,95% confidence interval(Cl)1.274 to 3.665,p=0.004),2.193-fold for fine motor(OR 2.193,95%CI 1.161 to 4.140,p=0.016),2.249-fold for language(0R 2.249,95%CI 1.336 to 3.786,p=0.002)and 2.042-fold for personal-social(OR 2.042,95%CI 1.149 to 3.628,p=0.015).Conclusions A supportive home environment is a crucial protective factor for the neuropsychological development of preterm infants.It is associated with higher developmental quotient scores and protects against neuropsychiatric delays.Incorporating evaluation and continuous improvement of the home environment into the management framework for preterm infants to promote optimal neurodevelopment is essential.展开更多
Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intro...Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intron splicing and its role in maize kernel development.PPR21 is a typical P-type PPR protein targeted to mitochondria.The ppr21 mutants are arrested in embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to embryo lethality.Null mutations of PPR21 reduce the splicing efficiency of nad2 intron 1,2,and 4 and impair the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I.Previous studies show that the P-type PPR protein EMP12 is required for the splicing of identical introns.However,our protein interaction analyses reveal that PPR21 does not interact with EMP12.Instead,both PPR21 and EMP12 interact with the small MutS-related(SMR)domain-containing PPR protein 1(PPR-SMR1)and the short P-type PPR protein 2(SPR2).PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins are required for the splicing of many introns in mitochondria,including nad2 intron 1,2,and 4.These results suggest that a PPR21-(PPR-SMR1/SPR2)-EMP12 complex is involved in the splicing of nad2 introns in maize mitochondria.展开更多
Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institut...Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institutions,construction sites,professional fields,etc.,to provide a reference for the further improvement and optimization of the national science and technology innovation platform system in the railway industry.Design/methodology/approach–Through literature review,field investigation,expert consultation and other methods,this paper systematically investigates and analyzes the development status of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.Findings–Taking the national science and technology innovation platform of the railway industry as the research object,this paper investigates and analyzes the construction,development and distribution of the national science and technology innovation platform of railway industry over the years.And the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit System Technology was taken as an example to introduce its operation effect.Originality/value–China Railway has made great development achievements,with the construction and development of national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.In recent years,a large number of national science and technology innovation platforms have been built in the railway industry,which play an important role in railway technological innovation,standard setting and commodification,and Railway Sciences provide strong support for railway technology development.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing traditional drug discovery and development models by seamlessly integrating data,computational power,and algorithms.This synergy enhances the efficiency,accuracy,and succe...Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing traditional drug discovery and development models by seamlessly integrating data,computational power,and algorithms.This synergy enhances the efficiency,accuracy,and success rates of drug research,shortens development timelines,and reduces costs.Coupled with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),AI has demonstrated significant advancements across various domains,including drug characterization,target discovery and validation,small molecule drug design,and the acceleration of clinical trials.Through molecular generation techniques,AI facilitates the creation of novel drug molecules,predicting their properties and activities,while virtual screening(VS)optimizes drug candidates.Additionally,AI enhances clinical trial efficiency by predicting outcomes,designing trials,and enabling drug repositioning.However,AI's application in drug development faces challenges,including the need for robust data-sharing mechanisms and the establishment of more comprehensive intellectual property protections for algorithms.AI-driven pharmaceutical companies must also integrate biological sciences and algorithms effectively,ensuring the successful fusion of wet and dry laboratory experiments.Despite these challenges,the potential of AI in drug development remains undeniable.As AI technology evolves and these barriers are addressed,AI-driven therapeutics are poised for a broader and more impactful future in the pharmaceutical industry.展开更多
The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established b...The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.展开更多
Currently,unconventional reservoirs are characterized by low single well-controlled reserves,high initial production but fast production decline.This paper sorts out the problems of energy dispersion and limited lengt...Currently,unconventional reservoirs are characterized by low single well-controlled reserves,high initial production but fast production decline.This paper sorts out the problems of energy dispersion and limited length and height of main hydraulic fractures induced in staged multi-cluster fracturing,and proposes an innovative concept of“energy-focused fracturing development”.The technical connotation,theoretical model,and core techniques of energy-focused fracturing development are systematically examined,and the implementation path of this technology is determined.The energy-focused fracturing development technology incorporates the techniques such as geology-engineering integrated design,perforation optimization design,fracturing process design,and drainage engineering control.It transforms the numerous,short and dense hydraulic fractures to limited,long and sparse fractures.It focuses on fracturing energy,and aims to improve the fracture length,height and lateral width,and the proppant long-distance transportation capacity,thus enhancing the single well-controlled reserves and development effect.The energy-focused fracturing development technology has been successfully applied in the carbonate reservoirs in buried hill,shallow coalbed methane reservoirs,and coal-rock gas reservoirs in China,demonstrating the technology's promising application.It is concluded that the energy-focused fracturing development technology can significantly increase the single well production and estimated ultimate recovery(EUR),and will be helpful for efficiently developing low-permeability,unconventional and low-grade resources in China.展开更多
The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt...The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt),and wart-grain rice(Oryza granate Nees et Arn.ex Hook.f.).Rice culture is the main theme of agricultural culture in this economic belt and an outstanding representative of excellent traditional Chinese culture.This study provides an overview of the history of rice cultivation in the belt from the prehistory,post-history and modern progress.It studies the agricultural cultural heritage resources of the whole rice industry chain from the biological genetic resources,world cultural heritage,key cultural relics protection units,national archaeological site parks,movable cultural relics,important agricultural cultural heritage,intangible cultural heritage,China time-honored brands,historical names,traditional markers,tribute culture,archival and documentary heritage.It also analyzes the six main problems in the inheritance and development of rice farming culture,and proposes 8 strategies,including promoting the inheritance and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture through the inheritance of rice farming culture,promoting the Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Civilization Project through rice farming culture,and creating the Yangtze River National Cultural Park with rice farming culture as the main theme.展开更多
Ending extreme poverty and achieving sustainable development by 2030 poses a significant challenge for de veloping countries.In the past decade,China has pioneered the Targeted Poverty Alleviation(TPA)strategy and imp...Ending extreme poverty and achieving sustainable development by 2030 poses a significant challenge for de veloping countries.In the past decade,China has pioneered the Targeted Poverty Alleviation(TPA)strategy and implemented a range of anti-poverty programs,aiming to reconcile poverty reduction with environmental restoration.However,the effectiveness of the TPA strategy in facilitating sustainable development in the poor areas of China(PAC)remains unclear.Drawing on a perspective of systems,this study compiles a panel dataset of 832 nationally designated poverty-stricken counties in China from 2013 to 2020 and employ the coupling coordination degree model to examine the coupling and coordination relationships among economic,social,and environmental systems in the PAC.We find that during the TPA period,the socioeconomic level developed rapidly,while the environmental quality was slightly improved in the PAC.The TPA strategy promotes the co ordinated development of social,economic,and ecological systems in the PAC,shifting the relationship between human and environment from imbalance to coordination.Our findings underscore the necessity for the Chinese government to persist in its environmental restoration efforts in the PAC to guarantee a sustained development progress.展开更多
Soil and water matching in a land basin is important for securing land demand,alleviating human-land conflicts,and promoting sustainable development in the region.The Tarim River Basin(TRB)is the largest inland river ...Soil and water matching in a land basin is important for securing land demand,alleviating human-land conflicts,and promoting sustainable development in the region.The Tarim River Basin(TRB)is the largest inland river basin in China and primarily sustains an agricultural economy centered around oases.This study employs the Patch-generating Land-Use Simulation(PLUS)model to forecast the changing patterns of land use across various future scenarios.The connection between land development and the ecological environment is examined through the lens of relative ecological value and ecological impact.The results indicate that:(1)From 1992 to 2020,the ecology of the basin showed an improving trend,with the area of new cropland increasing by 18,850.51 km^(2)at a growth rate of 56.13%.Grassland area increased by 10,235.29 km^(2)and barren land area decreased by 20,597.29 km^(2).(2)Under the four tested scenarios of Natural Development,Cropland Conservation,Ecological Protection,and Urban Expansion(scenarios Ⅰ-Ⅳ,respectively),the PLUS results for the year 2050 show an increase in cropland area of 12.69% under Scenario Ⅱ,an increase in grassland area of 20,374.82 km^(2)under Scenario Ⅳ,and an increase in built-up land area of 1,105.57 km^(2)under Scenario Ⅲ.(3)A simulation of the basin's ecology in 2050 shows a significant improvement trend under Scenario Ⅳ.Specifically,the development of a large amount of barren land into grassland and woodland has significant ecological benefits,with a contribution rate of 61.88%to 70.18%.This study provides a strong scientific foundation for future land management and ecological sustainable development in the TRB.展开更多
Following the publication of Xu et al.(2022),an error was identified in Figure 1D.Specifically,the top left panel was inadvertently duplicated during figure preparation.To ensure the accuracy and integrity of our publ...Following the publication of Xu et al.(2022),an error was identified in Figure 1D.Specifically,the top left panel was inadvertently duplicated during figure preparation.To ensure the accuracy and integrity of our published work,we request the publication of a corrigendum with the corrected image.We apologize for this oversight and any confusion it may have caused.The amended figure is provided in the updated Supplementary Materials.展开更多
Research on the distribution and development of black shales in the Lianggaoshan Formation has been deficient,which has hindered exploration for lacustrine shale oil in the Sichuan Basin.Our study characterized the we...Research on the distribution and development of black shales in the Lianggaoshan Formation has been deficient,which has hindered exploration for lacustrine shale oil in the Sichuan Basin.Our study characterized the well logging data,core samples,outcrops,and geochemistry of black shales in the Lianggaoshan Formation in the Sichuan Basin.Our analysis focused on the lake basin evolution and the migration characteristics,paleoenvironmental features,formation mechanisms,and developmental model of the black shales.The results indicated that black shales in the Lianggaoshan Formation exhibited significant lateral migration,with an overall thickening trend from east to west.Within the 1st Member of the formation,black shale occurred as a single thick layer in the eastern region that gradually thinned toward the central region.Multiple sets of shale developed within the 2nd and 3rd members,and these had lower thicknesses than the 1st Member and migrated toward central Sichuan.Paleoproductivity and terrigenous input were the main factors controlling the deposition of black shales.A semi-humid climate influenced the deposition of black shales,bringing abundant freshwater,terrigenous debris,and nutrients into the basin.Decomposition of organic matter consumed oxygen in sediment and bottom water,causing localized oxygen deficiency in the strata.展开更多
FOXL 2 and CYP 19 B are crucial transcription factors in vertebrates and invertebrates that play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and gonadal development.The potential roles of the foxl 2 and cyp 19 b genes in sex...FOXL 2 and CYP 19 B are crucial transcription factors in vertebrates and invertebrates that play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and gonadal development.The potential roles of the foxl 2 and cyp 19 b genes in sex determination and gonadal development in Cyprinus carpio var.koi were explored using a non-invasive RNA interference(RNAi)method,histopathological observation and qPCR.Results demonstrate that foxl 2 exhibited a sexually dimorphic expression pattern in gonads,with a notable expression in ovaries;cyp 19 b was expressed in all peripheral tissues,with a particularly prominent expression in brain and gonads.The knockdown of foxl 2 by RNAi resulted in delay in the development of the female gonads.Conversely,no notable alterations were discerned in the gonads of C.carpio var.koi following the knockdown of cyp 19 b.The upregulation of sox 9 a,amh,and cyp 19 b following foxl 2 knockdown indicates that foxl 2 may play a pivotal role in gonadal development.Nevertheless,further investigation is required to ascertain the potential role of cyp 19 b.This study elucidated the role of foxl 2 and enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms of sex determination and gonadal development in C.carpio var.koi.展开更多
This paper investigated and analyzed the conservation and utilization of four local livestock breeds in Binzhou City:Wadi Sheep,Bohai Black Cattle,Wudi Donkey,and Lubei White Goat.Shortcomings in the protection and ut...This paper investigated and analyzed the conservation and utilization of four local livestock breeds in Binzhou City:Wadi Sheep,Bohai Black Cattle,Wudi Donkey,and Lubei White Goat.Shortcomings in the protection and utilization of local germplasm resources were pointed out,and strategies and recommendations were proposed to promote high-quality development of livestock and poultry genetic resources in Binzhou,including building a solid germplasm foundation,standardizing production,and driving innovation.This paper provides references for the conservation,development,and utilization of local genetic resources in Binzhou City.展开更多
This paper systematically analyzed the development status of sheep industry in Lubei region,and comprehensively expounded the scale and distribution of key industries,breed resources and genetic characteristics,feedin...This paper systematically analyzed the development status of sheep industry in Lubei region,and comprehensively expounded the scale and distribution of key industries,breed resources and genetic characteristics,feeding management status,disease prevention and control and veterinary services,and sheep product processing and sales.The research shows that the sheep industry in Lubei region has formed a certain scale,but there are some problems such as intensified resource and environmental constraints,unreasonable industrial structure,insufficient scientific and technological innovation capacity and market competitiveness to be improved.In view of these problems,this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of the industry,including establishing forage and feed system,promoting the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure,strengthening scientific and technological innovation and talent cultivation and introduction,and enhancing brand influence and market competitiveness,providing useful reference for the sustainable development of sheep industry in Lubei region.展开更多
文摘China aims to build on its achievements of the past five years to accelerate rural revitalization during the 15th Five-Year Plan period.IN China,issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural residents have always been a priority in national development.At its fourth plenary session held in October 2025,the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)once again emphasized the need to accelerate agricultural and rural modernization,and advance all-around rural revitalization over the next five years.
基金supported by grants from Simons Foundation (SFARI 479754),CIHR (PJT-180565)the Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada (to YL)funding from the Canada Research Chairs program。
文摘The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the m TOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies”(Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of m TOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,China(No.42272171)National Science and Technology Major Project of China,China(No.2017ZX05036).
文摘Dongyuemiao Member shale in the Sichuan Basin,China,is characterized by organic-rich shale intervals with different types of interbeds and accumulation modes.The aim of this study is to elucidate the impact of paleoenvironmental indicators on interbed development.With this aim in mind,we established an interbed classification scheme and quantified the development of different types of interbeds and their frequencies.We categorized the shale interbeds into three types based on interbed type:silt interbeds(SIs),shell fragment interbeds(SFIs),and shell skeleton interbeds(SSIs).The SIs,SFIs,and SSIs are respectively the products of extrabasinal low-density turbidity currents,intrabasinal debris flow,and intrabasinal low-density turbidity currents.We propose that variations in paleoenvironmental conditions primarily influenced the types of interbeds that developed but had minimal impact on the frequency of their development.Models depicting the interbed development within the 1st Submember of Dongyuemiao Member indicate that during the early Dongyuemiao depositional period,under conditions of relatively aridity,weak weathering,high terrigenous input,and strong hydrodynamic activity,SSIs were well developed.In the middle depositional period,as the climate gradually transitioned to more humid conditions,and the weathering intensity and amount of terrestrial input increased,the development of SIs and SFIs significantly increased.During the late depositional period,with a continuous decrease in terrestrial inputs and sedimentation rates,the development of SIs decreased while that of SSIs increased.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41771568Social Development Science and Technology Project of Chaoyang District,Beijing,China,No.CYSF1906。
文摘Large regional differences and uneven regional development are fundamental challenges for China. Balanced regional development is an important issue in research on development geography. This study reviews the course of balanced regional development in China and summarizes its characteristics in each period. The results show that inter-regional development in China has undergone successive periods of balanced and unbalanced development. Each period has enhanced social development and contributed to a more balanced regional development. This paper discusses the scientific connotation of balanced regional development, and invokes sustainable development theory to argue that we should pay attention to the differences in resource endowments among regions, and solves the imbalance among the economy, humans, and nature to promote the spatial balance of regional development and green development for better coordination between economy and ecology. The balanced promotion of the well-being of people in each region is the ultimate goal of balanced regional development. We then use concepts from development geography to examine China’s path of balanced regional development from the three perspectives of society, the economy, and ecology. Suggestions are also provided for the balanced development of China’s regions and the improvement of public well-being.
文摘The study offers a conceptual framework illuminating sustainable rural development by a continuous cycling interplay among five interdependent systems,physical,social,economic,knowledge,and creative.The framework is applied to analyze the livelihood transition in the economic system and conversion of traditional knowledge in the creative system for farm households engaged in large cardamom cultivation in Northern mountainous region in Vietnam.This study used a probit model to examine a data set comprising 300 households and confirmed that factors within the social and physical systems(such as labor,access to information,social networks,land use,and transportation infrastructure)determined livelihood transition to tourism employment within the economic system.In addition,the conversion of traditional knowledge in the creative system was found to be contingent upon non-farm employment and credit capital in the economic system,as well as traditional knowledge and knowledge exchange in the knowledge system.This study demonstrates how the sustainable development of rural agriculture can be achieved by converting traditional knowledge and transferring livelihood,contributing to attain Sustainable Development Goals 2(Zero Hunger)and SDG 12(Responsible Consumption and Production).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41931293,42271279,42293271,and 41801175).
文摘China has achieved the poverty reduction goal of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 10 years ahead of schedule,contributing significantly to global poverty reduction.Despite extended efforts in poverty elimination,there is a lack of quantitative studies categorizing and comparing poverty-elimination counties(PECs)based on their processes.This study proposes an innovative framework for analyzing PECs’development paths from the perspective of population-land-industry(PLI).We quantify the PLI matching degree of PECs in China during the critical phase of the battle against poverty through a multivariate matching model,classify PECs via K-means clustering according to the consistency in PLI matching degree evolution,and summarize the typical development patterns of PECs.Results indicate that the PLI matching degree of PECs in China increased substantially from 2015 to 2020,particularly in eastern areas,while the western region,including the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and southwestern Xinjiang,shows untapped potential for improvement.Five types of PECs are identified,with the majority(30.1%)showing sustained moderate PLI matching and a minority(9.6%)experiencing long-term PLI mismatch.Industry is the shortfall of various PECs,and effective strategies to facilitate all types of PECs include the development of emerging businesses and the expansion of secondary and tertiary industries.Additionally,enriching rural labor force and increasing farmland use efficiency are essential for optimal PLI matching and positive interaction,ultimately ensuring poverty elimination and sustainable development.
基金funded by Shanghai Municipal Health and Wellness Commission Health Industry Clinical Research Special Project(202140299).
文摘Background There have been numerous intervention studies focusing on the development of preterm infants,but there has been limited investigation into the home environment as a determinant of developmental outcomes in preterm infants.The aspects and extent to which the home environment affects the early(18 months corrected age)neuropsychological development of preterm infants are still unclear.Aims This study aimed to analyse the effect of the home environment on the neuropsychiatric development of preterm infants at 18 months corrected age after discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU).It also sought to provide a basis for promoting neuropsychiatric development among preterm infants by improving the home environment.Methods In this retrospective cross-sectional study,275 preterm infants born between January 2019 and January 2022 were followed up for systematic management after discharge from the NICU at Shanghai Children's Hospital.The Home Nurture Environment Questionnaire was used to assess the home environment of the infants and analyse its impact on the developmental quotient(evaluated by the Gesell Developmental Scale)and the rate of developmental delays at 18 months corrected age.Results A total of 41.454%of the infants were extremely preterm.The developmental quotient scores at 18 months corrected age were in the middle of the scale.The language domain had the highest rate of developmental delay(46.182%),followed by the adaptive domain(37.091%).Multiple logistic regression analyses showed that compared with infants in supportive home environments,infants with moderate/unsupportive home environments had significantly elevated risks of development delay:2.162-fold for global(odds ratio(OR)2.162,95% confidence interval(Cl)1.274 to 3.665,p=0.004),2.193-fold for fine motor(OR 2.193,95%CI 1.161 to 4.140,p=0.016),2.249-fold for language(0R 2.249,95%CI 1.336 to 3.786,p=0.002)and 2.042-fold for personal-social(OR 2.042,95%CI 1.149 to 3.628,p=0.015).Conclusions A supportive home environment is a crucial protective factor for the neuropsychological development of preterm infants.It is associated with higher developmental quotient scores and protects against neuropsychiatric delays.Incorporating evaluation and continuous improvement of the home environment into the management framework for preterm infants to promote optimal neurodevelopment is essential.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072126 and 32230075)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019MC005).
文摘Pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins are a large group of eukaryote-specific RNA-binding proteins that play pivotal roles in plant organelle gene expression.Here,we report the function of PPR21 in mitochondrial intron splicing and its role in maize kernel development.PPR21 is a typical P-type PPR protein targeted to mitochondria.The ppr21 mutants are arrested in embryogenesis and endosperm development,leading to embryo lethality.Null mutations of PPR21 reduce the splicing efficiency of nad2 intron 1,2,and 4 and impair the assembly and activity of mitochondrial complex I.Previous studies show that the P-type PPR protein EMP12 is required for the splicing of identical introns.However,our protein interaction analyses reveal that PPR21 does not interact with EMP12.Instead,both PPR21 and EMP12 interact with the small MutS-related(SMR)domain-containing PPR protein 1(PPR-SMR1)and the short P-type PPR protein 2(SPR2).PPR-SMR1 interacts with SPR2,and both proteins are required for the splicing of many introns in mitochondria,including nad2 intron 1,2,and 4.These results suggest that a PPR21-(PPR-SMR1/SPR2)-EMP12 complex is involved in the splicing of nad2 introns in maize mitochondria.
文摘Purpose–This study summarizes the overall situation of the resources of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry,including the distribution of platform types,supporting institutions,construction sites,professional fields,etc.,to provide a reference for the further improvement and optimization of the national science and technology innovation platform system in the railway industry.Design/methodology/approach–Through literature review,field investigation,expert consultation and other methods,this paper systematically investigates and analyzes the development status of the national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.Findings–Taking the national science and technology innovation platform of the railway industry as the research object,this paper investigates and analyzes the construction,development and distribution of the national science and technology innovation platform of railway industry over the years.And the National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit System Technology was taken as an example to introduce its operation effect.Originality/value–China Railway has made great development achievements,with the construction and development of national science and technology innovation platform in the railway industry.In recent years,a large number of national science and technology innovation platforms have been built in the railway industry,which play an important role in railway technological innovation,standard setting and commodification,and Railway Sciences provide strong support for railway technology development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82304564)the Liaoning Province Education Department Scientific Research Funding Project(Grant No.:LJKZ0777).
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is revolutionizing traditional drug discovery and development models by seamlessly integrating data,computational power,and algorithms.This synergy enhances the efficiency,accuracy,and success rates of drug research,shortens development timelines,and reduces costs.Coupled with machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),AI has demonstrated significant advancements across various domains,including drug characterization,target discovery and validation,small molecule drug design,and the acceleration of clinical trials.Through molecular generation techniques,AI facilitates the creation of novel drug molecules,predicting their properties and activities,while virtual screening(VS)optimizes drug candidates.Additionally,AI enhances clinical trial efficiency by predicting outcomes,designing trials,and enabling drug repositioning.However,AI's application in drug development faces challenges,including the need for robust data-sharing mechanisms and the establishment of more comprehensive intellectual property protections for algorithms.AI-driven pharmaceutical companies must also integrate biological sciences and algorithms effectively,ensuring the successful fusion of wet and dry laboratory experiments.Despite these challenges,the potential of AI in drug development remains undeniable.As AI technology evolves and these barriers are addressed,AI-driven therapeutics are poised for a broader and more impactful future in the pharmaceutical industry.
文摘The reform stems from honesty and determination. Since 2005, organ donation and transplantation in China has undergone thorough reform, which complies with legislation requirements and ethical principles established by the World Health Organization(WHO). Reform in China has demonstrated the unwavering confidence and utmost determination of the Chinese government and the Chinese transplantation community. The year 2015 marked a historic turning point when voluntary donations from Chinese citizens became the sole legitimate source for organ transplantation. Since 2015, China has gradually established and refined the “Chinese Mode” and “China System” for organ donation and transplantation, fulfilling its political pledge of reform, and has garnered international recognition, and fostered a social culture which promotes organ donation. This article reviewed the history of reform on organ donation and transplantation in China, presented a new pattern of establishment of organ donation system in the new era of the country, and the direction of advances in the future.
基金Supported by the PetroChina Scentific and Technological Projects(2023ZZ082023ZZ28)。
文摘Currently,unconventional reservoirs are characterized by low single well-controlled reserves,high initial production but fast production decline.This paper sorts out the problems of energy dispersion and limited length and height of main hydraulic fractures induced in staged multi-cluster fracturing,and proposes an innovative concept of“energy-focused fracturing development”.The technical connotation,theoretical model,and core techniques of energy-focused fracturing development are systematically examined,and the implementation path of this technology is determined.The energy-focused fracturing development technology incorporates the techniques such as geology-engineering integrated design,perforation optimization design,fracturing process design,and drainage engineering control.It transforms the numerous,short and dense hydraulic fractures to limited,long and sparse fractures.It focuses on fracturing energy,and aims to improve the fracture length,height and lateral width,and the proppant long-distance transportation capacity,thus enhancing the single well-controlled reserves and development effect.The energy-focused fracturing development technology has been successfully applied in the carbonate reservoirs in buried hill,shallow coalbed methane reservoirs,and coal-rock gas reservoirs in China,demonstrating the technology's promising application.It is concluded that the energy-focused fracturing development technology can significantly increase the single well production and estimated ultimate recovery(EUR),and will be helpful for efficiently developing low-permeability,unconventional and low-grade resources in China.
基金Supported by Social Science Foundation of Hubei Province(HBSKJJ20243227)Doctoral Initiation Project of Hubei University of Science and Technology(BK201819).
文摘The Yangtze River Economic Belt is the birthplace of the world s rice farming culture,and is the origin of common rice(Oryza sativa L.),wild rice(Oryza Rufipogon Griff.),medicinal rice(Oryza officinalis Wall.ex G.Watt),and wart-grain rice(Oryza granate Nees et Arn.ex Hook.f.).Rice culture is the main theme of agricultural culture in this economic belt and an outstanding representative of excellent traditional Chinese culture.This study provides an overview of the history of rice cultivation in the belt from the prehistory,post-history and modern progress.It studies the agricultural cultural heritage resources of the whole rice industry chain from the biological genetic resources,world cultural heritage,key cultural relics protection units,national archaeological site parks,movable cultural relics,important agricultural cultural heritage,intangible cultural heritage,China time-honored brands,historical names,traditional markers,tribute culture,archival and documentary heritage.It also analyzes the six main problems in the inheritance and development of rice farming culture,and proposes 8 strategies,including promoting the inheritance and innovative development of excellent traditional Chinese culture through the inheritance of rice farming culture,promoting the Exploration of the Origins of Chinese Civilization Project through rice farming culture,and creating the Yangtze River National Cultural Park with rice farming culture as the main theme.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(Grants No.72373153 and 41871183).
文摘Ending extreme poverty and achieving sustainable development by 2030 poses a significant challenge for de veloping countries.In the past decade,China has pioneered the Targeted Poverty Alleviation(TPA)strategy and implemented a range of anti-poverty programs,aiming to reconcile poverty reduction with environmental restoration.However,the effectiveness of the TPA strategy in facilitating sustainable development in the poor areas of China(PAC)remains unclear.Drawing on a perspective of systems,this study compiles a panel dataset of 832 nationally designated poverty-stricken counties in China from 2013 to 2020 and employ the coupling coordination degree model to examine the coupling and coordination relationships among economic,social,and environmental systems in the PAC.We find that during the TPA period,the socioeconomic level developed rapidly,while the environmental quality was slightly improved in the PAC.The TPA strategy promotes the co ordinated development of social,economic,and ecological systems in the PAC,shifting the relationship between human and environment from imbalance to coordination.Our findings underscore the necessity for the Chinese government to persist in its environmental restoration efforts in the PAC to guarantee a sustained development progress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.W2412135)the Tianshan Yingcai Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.2022TSYCCX0038)the International Cooperation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.131965KYSB20210045)。
文摘Soil and water matching in a land basin is important for securing land demand,alleviating human-land conflicts,and promoting sustainable development in the region.The Tarim River Basin(TRB)is the largest inland river basin in China and primarily sustains an agricultural economy centered around oases.This study employs the Patch-generating Land-Use Simulation(PLUS)model to forecast the changing patterns of land use across various future scenarios.The connection between land development and the ecological environment is examined through the lens of relative ecological value and ecological impact.The results indicate that:(1)From 1992 to 2020,the ecology of the basin showed an improving trend,with the area of new cropland increasing by 18,850.51 km^(2)at a growth rate of 56.13%.Grassland area increased by 10,235.29 km^(2)and barren land area decreased by 20,597.29 km^(2).(2)Under the four tested scenarios of Natural Development,Cropland Conservation,Ecological Protection,and Urban Expansion(scenarios Ⅰ-Ⅳ,respectively),the PLUS results for the year 2050 show an increase in cropland area of 12.69% under Scenario Ⅱ,an increase in grassland area of 20,374.82 km^(2)under Scenario Ⅳ,and an increase in built-up land area of 1,105.57 km^(2)under Scenario Ⅲ.(3)A simulation of the basin's ecology in 2050 shows a significant improvement trend under Scenario Ⅳ.Specifically,the development of a large amount of barren land into grassland and woodland has significant ecological benefits,with a contribution rate of 61.88%to 70.18%.This study provides a strong scientific foundation for future land management and ecological sustainable development in the TRB.
文摘Following the publication of Xu et al.(2022),an error was identified in Figure 1D.Specifically,the top left panel was inadvertently duplicated during figure preparation.To ensure the accuracy and integrity of our published work,we request the publication of a corrigendum with the corrected image.We apologize for this oversight and any confusion it may have caused.The amended figure is provided in the updated Supplementary Materials.
基金funded by Science and Technology Cooperation Project of the CNPC-SWPU Innovation Alliance(2020CX050103).
文摘Research on the distribution and development of black shales in the Lianggaoshan Formation has been deficient,which has hindered exploration for lacustrine shale oil in the Sichuan Basin.Our study characterized the well logging data,core samples,outcrops,and geochemistry of black shales in the Lianggaoshan Formation in the Sichuan Basin.Our analysis focused on the lake basin evolution and the migration characteristics,paleoenvironmental features,formation mechanisms,and developmental model of the black shales.The results indicated that black shales in the Lianggaoshan Formation exhibited significant lateral migration,with an overall thickening trend from east to west.Within the 1st Member of the formation,black shale occurred as a single thick layer in the eastern region that gradually thinned toward the central region.Multiple sets of shale developed within the 2nd and 3rd members,and these had lower thicknesses than the 1st Member and migrated toward central Sichuan.Paleoproductivity and terrigenous input were the main factors controlling the deposition of black shales.A semi-humid climate influenced the deposition of black shales,bringing abundant freshwater,terrigenous debris,and nutrients into the basin.Decomposition of organic matter consumed oxygen in sediment and bottom water,causing localized oxygen deficiency in the strata.
基金Supported by the Qingdao Aquarium Technology Collaborative Innovation Center Cooperation Project(No.20210021)the Researching Key Technologies for Selecting Excellent Koi Carp Germplasm(No.20223702032291)the Qingdao Agricultural University Tangwang Koi Carp Joint R&D Center Collaborative Project(No.20220271)。
文摘FOXL 2 and CYP 19 B are crucial transcription factors in vertebrates and invertebrates that play pivotal roles in sex differentiation and gonadal development.The potential roles of the foxl 2 and cyp 19 b genes in sex determination and gonadal development in Cyprinus carpio var.koi were explored using a non-invasive RNA interference(RNAi)method,histopathological observation and qPCR.Results demonstrate that foxl 2 exhibited a sexually dimorphic expression pattern in gonads,with a notable expression in ovaries;cyp 19 b was expressed in all peripheral tissues,with a particularly prominent expression in brain and gonads.The knockdown of foxl 2 by RNAi resulted in delay in the development of the female gonads.Conversely,no notable alterations were discerned in the gonads of C.carpio var.koi following the knockdown of cyp 19 b.The upregulation of sox 9 a,amh,and cyp 19 b following foxl 2 knockdown indicates that foxl 2 may play a pivotal role in gonadal development.Nevertheless,further investigation is required to ascertain the potential role of cyp 19 b.This study elucidated the role of foxl 2 and enhanced the understanding of the mechanisms of sex determination and gonadal development in C.carpio var.koi.
基金Supported by Binzhou Social Sciences Planning Project in 2024(24-SKGH-051)Binzhou Comprehensive Experimental Station Project of Shandong Provincial Forage Industry Technology System(SDAIT-23-10).
文摘This paper investigated and analyzed the conservation and utilization of four local livestock breeds in Binzhou City:Wadi Sheep,Bohai Black Cattle,Wudi Donkey,and Lubei White Goat.Shortcomings in the protection and utilization of local germplasm resources were pointed out,and strategies and recommendations were proposed to promote high-quality development of livestock and poultry genetic resources in Binzhou,including building a solid germplasm foundation,standardizing production,and driving innovation.This paper provides references for the conservation,development,and utilization of local genetic resources in Binzhou City.
基金Supported by Binzhou Social Science Planning Project(25-SKGH-063)Shandong Agricultural Innovation Team Project(SDAIT-10-06,SDAIT-23-10).
文摘This paper systematically analyzed the development status of sheep industry in Lubei region,and comprehensively expounded the scale and distribution of key industries,breed resources and genetic characteristics,feeding management status,disease prevention and control and veterinary services,and sheep product processing and sales.The research shows that the sheep industry in Lubei region has formed a certain scale,but there are some problems such as intensified resource and environmental constraints,unreasonable industrial structure,insufficient scientific and technological innovation capacity and market competitiveness to be improved.In view of these problems,this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the high-quality development of the industry,including establishing forage and feed system,promoting the adjustment and optimization of industrial structure,strengthening scientific and technological innovation and talent cultivation and introduction,and enhancing brand influence and market competitiveness,providing useful reference for the sustainable development of sheep industry in Lubei region.
