The seismic design forces of nonstructural components(NSCs)in buildings are closely related to floor acceleration response amplification.To investigate the differences in acceleration responses of structures with diff...The seismic design forces of nonstructural components(NSCs)in buildings are closely related to floor acceleration response amplification.To investigate the differences in acceleration responses of structures with different structural types,fundamental periods,and seismic design levels,56 reinforced concrete and steel structures with fundamental periods ranging from 0.37 s to 5.68 s were selected.For each structure,100 sets of earthquake motions were used as inputs for elastic time history analysis.Based on the resulting 26,500 sets of floor acceleration response data,the amplification rules of peak floor acceleration/peak ground acceleration(PFA/PGA)along the height of various structures and the corresponding floor response spectrum characteristics were studied.The nonlinear changes of PFA/PGA along the height of long period structures were compared with the codes of different countries.Moreover,more suitable prediction equations were proposed based on the structural characteristics.Finally,to solve the issue that existing research still cannot accurately reflect the acceleration amplification coefficient of NSCs with different dynamic characteristics in main structures with different periods,a normalized floor response spectrum is proposed that can simultaneously consider the effects of input ground motion characteristics and the main structure,which can be better used in the seismic design of NSCs.展开更多
Digital twins(DTs)are rapidly emerging as transformative tools in materials science and engineering,enabling real-time data integration,predictive modeling,and virtual testing.This study presents a systematic bibliome...Digital twins(DTs)are rapidly emerging as transformative tools in materials science and engineering,enabling real-time data integration,predictive modeling,and virtual testing.This study presents a systematic bibliometric review of 1106 peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade in Scopus and Web of Science.Using a five-stage methodology,the review examines publication trends,thematic areas,citation metrics,and keyword patterns.The results reveal exponential growth in scientific output,with Materials Theory,Computation,and Data Science as the most represented area.A thematic analysis of the most cited documents identifies four major research streams:foundational frameworks,DTs in additive manufacturing,sector-specific applications,and intelligent production systems.Keyword co-occurrence and strategic mapping show a strong foundation in modeling,simulation,and optimization,with growing links to machine learning and sustainability.The review highlights current challenges and proposes future research directions for advancing DTs in materials science.展开更多
The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep ...The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep learning with knowledge graph.Specifically,the design knowledge acquisition method utilises the knowledge extraction model to extract design-related entities and relations from fragmentary data,and further constructs the knowledge graph to support design knowledge acquisition for conceptual product design.Moreover,the knowledge extraction model introduces ALBERT to solve memory limitation and communication overhead in the entity extraction module,and uses multi-granularity information to overcome segmentation errors and polysemy ambiguity in the relation extraction module.Experimental comparison verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed knowledge extraction model.The case study demonstrated the feasibility of the knowledge graph construction with real fragmentary porcelain data and showed the capability to provide designers with interconnected and visualised design knowledge.展开更多
The study investigates the impact of the Syrian crisis and the recent drought on the potable water situation in Northwest Syria, comparing various aspects of water availability and quality before and after 2011. 380 k...The study investigates the impact of the Syrian crisis and the recent drought on the potable water situation in Northwest Syria, comparing various aspects of water availability and quality before and after 2011. 380 key-informants were surveyed, including water-well owners, well-digging companies, water-trucking suppliers, agricultural pharmacies, and service offices within local councils. The surveys covered all nine districts in northwestern Syria across the Aleppo and the Idleb governorates. The survey findings reveal significant shifts in water sources, an almost halving in water availability and per capita consumption, and a notable decrease in water quality. Coping mechanisms include random well drilling and reduced hygiene practices. Water pumping stations face challenges with functionality, and there is a shift towards clean energy sources, particularly solar energy. Challenges identified by the survey respondents include drought, fuel costs, and damaged water networks. The study highlights the urgency of addressing the potable water crisis in Northwest Syria and suggests specific interventions to enhance water sustainability and governance.展开更多
With the ongoing advancement of urban-rural integration,traditional villages are encountering challenges such as fragmented spatial patterns,the erosion of cultural landscapes,and the diminishing of distinctive featur...With the ongoing advancement of urban-rural integration,traditional villages are encountering challenges such as fragmented spatial patterns,the erosion of cultural landscapes,and the diminishing of distinctive features.Current landscape protection and utilization methods often exhibit limitations,including a narrow identification dimension,fragmented activation strategies,and a disconnect from modern development.To address these issues,this paper introduced the“landscape gene”theory from the perspective of urban and rural planning.It integrated artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technologies to construct a pathway for the inheritance and activation of landscape genes,centered around the concepts of Specifically,through remote sensing image recognition,village texture deconstruction,cultural element extraction,and a dynamic monitoring system,the core genes of traditional village spatial texture,historical sites,cultural symbols,and more were accurately identified and dynamically tracked.In terms of activation strategy,an AI-driven participatory planning platform guided the community in co-building and co-managing,thereby achieving adaptive regeneration and sustainable use of landscape genes in contemporary contexts.Empirical results indicated that this method could increase the retention rate of core landscape elements by 22%,enhance villager participation by 35%,and achieve an 87%satisfaction rate with landscape activation,effectively promote the cultural continuity and morphological renewal of traditional villages.展开更多
An efficient algorithm for path planning is crucial for guiding autonomous surface vehicles(ASVs)through designated waypoints.However,current evaluations of ASV path planning mainly focus on comparing total path lengt...An efficient algorithm for path planning is crucial for guiding autonomous surface vehicles(ASVs)through designated waypoints.However,current evaluations of ASV path planning mainly focus on comparing total path lengths,using temporal models to estimate travel time,idealized integration of global and local motion planners,and omission of external environmental disturbances.These rudimentary criteria cannot adequately capture real-world operations.To address these shortcomings,this study introduces a simulation framework for evaluating navigation modules designed for ASVs.The proposed framework is implemented on a prototype ASV using the Robot Operating System(ROS)and the Gazebo simulation platform.The implementation processes replicated satellite images with the extended Kalman filter technique to acquire localized location data.Cost minimization for global trajectories is achieved through the application of Dijkstra and A*algorithms,while local obstacle avoidance is managed by the dynamic window approach algorithm.The results demonstrate the distinctions and intricacies of the metrics provided by the proposed simulation framework compared with the rudimentary criteria commonly utilized in conventional path planning works.展开更多
Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Opt...Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Optimizing the design and operating parameters of such systems is essential to enhance cooling efficiency and achieve uniform pressure distribution,which can lead to improved system performance and energy savings.This paper presents two multi-objective optimization methodologies for a turbulent air jet impingement cooling system.The governing equations are resolved employing the commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software ANSYS Fluent v17.The study focuses on four controlling parameters:Reynolds number(Re),swirl number(S),jet-to-jet separation distance(Z/D),and impingement height(H/D).The effects of these parameters on heat transfer and impingement pressure distribution are investigated.Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II)and Weighted Sum Method(WSM)are employed to optimize the controlling parameters for maximum cooling performance.The aim is to identify optimal design parameters and system configurations that enhance heat transfer efficiency while achieving a uniform impingement pressure distribution.These findings have practical implications for applications requiring efficient cooling.The optimized design achieved a 12.28%increase in convective heat transfer efficiency with a local Nusselt number of 113.05 compared to 100.69 in the reference design.Enhanced convective cooling and heat flux were observed in the optimized configuration,particularly in areas of direct jet impingement.Additionally,the optimized design maintained lower wall temperatures,demonstrating more effective thermal dissipation.展开更多
Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in de...Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in defining places’architectural languages.Building from the local materials is an essential ingredient of the local distinctiveness,whilst forming the architectural grand gesture in its context.In Siwa oasis,salt architecture has formed that architectural grand gesture.The vernacular vocabularies adopted by old Bedouins using salt bricks generated Siwa’s unique spirit.In this paper,some examples are illustrated based on a series of site visits to three main sites in Siwa,namely:Old Shali,Abu Shuruf,and Aghourmy.This shows the evolution of Siwa’s vernacular architecture and the role of the architectural language or detrimental effect on the overall quality of architecture.From the site visits,it was observed that building with the traditional technique is now becoming abandoned in Siwa,explained by the local builders to be due to the huge costs required;forcing them to shifting to modern architecture.The influx to building using modern techniques has led to a significant transformation in the urban morphology and spirit of Siwa.Herein lies the scope of this paper:to discuss the impact of the evolution of vernacular architecture on the overall quality of architecture in Siwa and thus identifying the problems which will lead to policy formulation and guidelines for the redevelopment of Siwa in order to“revitalize/resuscitate”its vernacular style accordingly.展开更多
As a clean energy source,hydrogen plays a critical role in the global mission to achieve carbon neutrality.Among varied hydrogen production techniques,water electrolysis driven by clean energy,such as solar or wind en...As a clean energy source,hydrogen plays a critical role in the global mission to achieve carbon neutrality.Among varied hydrogen production techniques,water electrolysis driven by clean energy,such as solar or wind energy,is the most promising and viable option,with the advantages of celerity,high efficiency,cleanliness,and sustainability.However,this process necessitates a highly active and durable hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst to enhance the overall reaction efficiency.This article thoroughly reviews the recent development of electrocatalysts exhibiting high-performance HER.In particular,a comprehensive look at noble metals platinum(Pt),ruthenium(Ru),iridium(Ir),and non-noble metals,including sulfides,carbides,nitrides and phosphides is taken.Synthesis strategies,methods for enhancing performance,and the correlation between structure,composition,and catalytic performance are discussed.We also pay particular attention to density functional theory(DFT)calculations to reveal the mechanisms behind the improvement of HER performance.Finally,the critical challenges associated with electrochemical water splitting and propose coping strategies are presented.展开更多
The corrosion behavior of the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated by comparing its longitudinal and transverse sections with the cast AZ91 alloy.Microstructural analysis revealed a fine,...The corrosion behavior of the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated by comparing its longitudinal and transverse sections with the cast AZ91 alloy.Microstructural analysis revealed a fine,homogeneous Mg_(17)Al_(12) distribution in LPBF samples,contrasting with the network-like structure in the cast alloy.Electrochemical and hydrogen evolution tests demonstrated no significant anisotropy in LPBF sections,but they exhibited higher corrosion rates than the cast alloy.Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the corrosion process was cathodically controlled by the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase fraction.Scanning vibrating electrode technique further validated these findings,highlighting lower electrochemical activity in cast AZ91 alloy.展开更多
Many natural organisms have evolved unique sensory systems over millions of years that have allowed them to detect various changes in their surrounding environments.Sensory systems feature numerous receptors—such as ...Many natural organisms have evolved unique sensory systems over millions of years that have allowed them to detect various changes in their surrounding environments.Sensory systems feature numerous receptors—such as photoreceptors,mechanoreceptors,and chemoreceptors—that detect various types of external stimuli,including light,pressure,vibration,sound,and chemical substances.These stimuli are converted into electrochemical signals,which are transmitted to the brain to produce the sensations of sight,touch,hearing,taste,and smell.Inspired by the biological principles of sensory systems,recent advancements in electronics have led to a wide range of applications in artificial sensors.In the current review,we highlight recent developments in artificial sensors inspired by biological sensory systems utilizing soft ionic materials.The versatile characteristics of these ionic materials are introduced while focusing on their mechanical and electrical properties.The features and working principles of natural and artificial sensing systems are investigated in terms of six categories:vision,tactile,hearing,gustatory,olfactory,and proximity sensing.Lastly,we explore several challenges that must be overcome while outlining future research directions in the field of soft ionic sensors.展开更多
Nature-inspired designs have increasingly influenced biomedical engineering by providing superior biomechanical performance and structural stability.In this study,the diabolical ironclad beetle elytra structure was ap...Nature-inspired designs have increasingly influenced biomedical engineering by providing superior biomechanical performance and structural stability.In this study,the diabolical ironclad beetle elytra structure was applied to stent strut designs and thoroughly evaluated through various computational simulations to assess their potential to enhance the mechanical performance of WE43 magnesium alloy stents.Connected elliptical structures with a vertical-to-horizontal length ratio of 1:1.8 were incorporated in varying numbers and then compared to conventional laser-cut stents using 3-point bending,crush,crimping,and expansion tests,internal carotid artery insertion simulations,and computational fluid dynamics analyses.The results demonstrated that the biomimetic stents exhibited significantly improved stress distribution and reduced applied stress while maintaining hemodynamic stability.Computational fluid dynamics simulations further confirmed that the biomimetic could reduce wall shear stress and improve blood flow,thereby potentially minimizing the risk of restenosis and thrombosis.These findings suggest that diabolical ironclad beetle-inspired stent structures may offer enhanced biomechanical performance and clinical safety in magnesium-based endovascular interventions.展开更多
This study employs deformation monitoring data acquired during the construction of the Haoji railway large-scale bridge to investigate the displacement behavior of the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks.Emphasis is...This study employs deformation monitoring data acquired during the construction of the Haoji railway large-scale bridge to investigate the displacement behavior of the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks.Emphasis is placed on data acquisition and processing methods using total stations and automated monitoring systems.Through a comprehensive analysis of lateral,longitudinal,and vertical displacement data from 26 subgrade monitoring points,catenary columns,and track sections,this research evaluates how construction activities influence railway structures.The results show that displacement variations in the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks remained within the established alert thresholds,exhibiting stable deformation trends and indicating that any adverse environmental impact was effectively contained.Furthermore,this paper proposes an early warning mechanism based on an automated monitoring system,which can promptly detect abnormal deformations and initiate emergency response procedures,thereby ensuring the safe operation of the railway.The integration of big data analysis and deformation prediction models offers a practical foundation for future safety management in railway construction.展开更多
Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fracture and can be characterised by both mass loss and microstructure deterioration of the bone.The modern way of osteoporosis assessment is through the measurement of bone miner...Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fracture and can be characterised by both mass loss and microstructure deterioration of the bone.The modern way of osteoporosis assessment is through the measurement of bone mineral density,which is not able to unveil the pathological condition from the mesoscale aspect.To obtain mesoscale information from computed tomography(CT),the super-resolution(SR)approach for volumetric imaging data is required.A deep learning model AESR3D is proposed to recover high-resolution(HR)Micro-CT from low-resolution Micro-CT and implement an unsupervised segmentation for better trabecular observation and measurement.A new regularisation overcomplete autoencoder framework for the SR task is proposed and theoretically analysed.The best performance is achieved on structural similarity measure of trabecular CT SR task compared with the state-of-the-art models in both natural and medical image SR tasks.The HR and SR images show a high correlation(r=0.996,intraclass correlation coefficients=0.917)on trabecular bone morphological indicators.The results also prove the effectiveness of our regularisation framework when training a large capacity model.展开更多
Ammonia is a promising zero-carbon alternative fuel.Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs),as an efficient ammonia-fueled power system,have an extremely high application value in the field of transportation for decarboniza...Ammonia is a promising zero-carbon alternative fuel.Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs),as an efficient ammonia-fueled power system,have an extremely high application value in the field of transportation for decarbonization.Metals are essential components for catalysts and electrolytes in DAFCs,with catalysts being critical to their overall performance.Currently,ammoniafueled solid oxide fuel cells with Ni-based catalysts have reached peak power densities exceeding 1000 mW.cm^(-2).In the case of anion exchange membrane fuel cells,platinum-group metal catalysts can achieve a peak power density of 410 mW.cm^(-2).Despite these advancements,further development of more efficient,stable,and cost-effective catalysts is necessary to meet the demands for high efficiency and power density in transportation power systems.This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advancements of metal materials in DAFCs,as well as the potential applications of DAFCs in the transportation sector.展开更多
A wearable health monitoring system is a promising device for opening the era of the fourth industrial revolution due to increasing interest in health among modern people.Wearable health monitoring systems were demons...A wearable health monitoring system is a promising device for opening the era of the fourth industrial revolution due to increasing interest in health among modern people.Wearable health monitoring systems were demonstrated by several researchers,but still have critical issues of low performance,inefficient and complex fabrication processes.Here,we present the world’s first wearable multifunctional health monitoring system based on flash-induced porous graphene(FPG).FPG was efficiently synthesized via flash lamp,resulting in a large area in four milliseconds.Moreover,to demonstrate the sensing performance of FPG,a wearable multifunctional health monitoring system was fabricated onto a single substrate.A carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane(CNT-PDMS)nanocomposite electrode was successfully formed on the uneven FPG surface using screen printing.The performance of the FPG-based wearable multifunctional health monitoring system was enhanced by the large surface area of the 3D-porous structure FPG.Finally,the FPG-based wearable multifunctional health monitoring system effectively detected motion,skin temperature,and sweat with a strain GF of 2564.38,a linear thermal response of 0.98Ω℃^(-1) under the skin temperature range,and a low ion detection limit of 10μM.展开更多
Drug resistance poses a significant challenge to effective long-term treatment across various medical fields.This study proposed a feasible strategy to enhance lysosomal alkalinization by transporting mitochondria-tar...Drug resistance poses a significant challenge to effective long-term treatment across various medical fields.This study proposed a feasible strategy to enhance lysosomal alkalinization by transporting mitochondria-targeting quaternary ammonium salts into lysosomes,creating a deprotonated environment.This environment allows drugs to bypass protonation issues in lysosomes,thereby reversing drug resistance and improving therapeutic efficacy.As a proof of concept,a quaternary ammonium salt-based pH indicator was developed,berberrubine(BRB),enhancing the action of the anticancer drug hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT)in resistant cells.BRB-induced alkalinization increased lysosomal pH and deactivated lysosomal activity,enabling HCPT to bypass protonation constraints.This enhancement markedly improved the anticancer efficacy of HCPT in resistant cells,providing an innovative approach to address drug resistance and advancing therapeutic technologies.展开更多
1.Introduction Cancer continues to be a major cause of global mortality rates,with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy exhibiting inconsistent efficacy,high costs,and considerable side effect...1.Introduction Cancer continues to be a major cause of global mortality rates,with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy exhibiting inconsistent efficacy,high costs,and considerable side effects.Over the past decade,a promising alternative has emerged:cancer immunotherapy,which leverages the body's immune system to identify and eradicate cancer cells[1].展开更多
基金Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.52078471,52078472 and 52208509National Key Research and Development Plan of China under Grant No.2019YFE0112700+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province under Grant No.LH2022E121Special Project for Basic Scientific Research Business Expenses of the Institute of Engineering Mechanics,China Earthquake Administration under Grant No.2022C04Director’s Fund Director’s Fund of Earthquake Agency of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region under Grant No.2023MS10。
文摘The seismic design forces of nonstructural components(NSCs)in buildings are closely related to floor acceleration response amplification.To investigate the differences in acceleration responses of structures with different structural types,fundamental periods,and seismic design levels,56 reinforced concrete and steel structures with fundamental periods ranging from 0.37 s to 5.68 s were selected.For each structure,100 sets of earthquake motions were used as inputs for elastic time history analysis.Based on the resulting 26,500 sets of floor acceleration response data,the amplification rules of peak floor acceleration/peak ground acceleration(PFA/PGA)along the height of various structures and the corresponding floor response spectrum characteristics were studied.The nonlinear changes of PFA/PGA along the height of long period structures were compared with the codes of different countries.Moreover,more suitable prediction equations were proposed based on the structural characteristics.Finally,to solve the issue that existing research still cannot accurately reflect the acceleration amplification coefficient of NSCs with different dynamic characteristics in main structures with different periods,a normalized floor response spectrum is proposed that can simultaneously consider the effects of input ground motion characteristics and the main structure,which can be better used in the seismic design of NSCs.
文摘Digital twins(DTs)are rapidly emerging as transformative tools in materials science and engineering,enabling real-time data integration,predictive modeling,and virtual testing.This study presents a systematic bibliometric review of 1106 peer-reviewed articles published in the last decade in Scopus and Web of Science.Using a five-stage methodology,the review examines publication trends,thematic areas,citation metrics,and keyword patterns.The results reveal exponential growth in scientific output,with Materials Theory,Computation,and Data Science as the most represented area.A thematic analysis of the most cited documents identifies four major research streams:foundational frameworks,DTs in additive manufacturing,sector-specific applications,and intelligent production systems.Keyword co-occurrence and strategic mapping show a strong foundation in modeling,simulation,and optimization,with growing links to machine learning and sustainability.The review highlights current challenges and proposes future research directions for advancing DTs in materials science.
基金This research is supported by the Chinese Special Projects of the National Key Research and Development Plan(2019YFB1405702).
文摘The acquisition of valuable design knowledge from massive fragmentary data is challenging for designers in conceptual product design.This study proposes a novel method for acquiring design knowledge by combining deep learning with knowledge graph.Specifically,the design knowledge acquisition method utilises the knowledge extraction model to extract design-related entities and relations from fragmentary data,and further constructs the knowledge graph to support design knowledge acquisition for conceptual product design.Moreover,the knowledge extraction model introduces ALBERT to solve memory limitation and communication overhead in the entity extraction module,and uses multi-granularity information to overcome segmentation errors and polysemy ambiguity in the relation extraction module.Experimental comparison verified the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed knowledge extraction model.The case study demonstrated the feasibility of the knowledge graph construction with real fragmentary porcelain data and showed the capability to provide designers with interconnected and visualised design knowledge.
文摘The study investigates the impact of the Syrian crisis and the recent drought on the potable water situation in Northwest Syria, comparing various aspects of water availability and quality before and after 2011. 380 key-informants were surveyed, including water-well owners, well-digging companies, water-trucking suppliers, agricultural pharmacies, and service offices within local councils. The surveys covered all nine districts in northwestern Syria across the Aleppo and the Idleb governorates. The survey findings reveal significant shifts in water sources, an almost halving in water availability and per capita consumption, and a notable decrease in water quality. Coping mechanisms include random well drilling and reduced hygiene practices. Water pumping stations face challenges with functionality, and there is a shift towards clean energy sources, particularly solar energy. Challenges identified by the survey respondents include drought, fuel costs, and damaged water networks. The study highlights the urgency of addressing the potable water crisis in Northwest Syria and suggests specific interventions to enhance water sustainability and governance.
文摘With the ongoing advancement of urban-rural integration,traditional villages are encountering challenges such as fragmented spatial patterns,the erosion of cultural landscapes,and the diminishing of distinctive features.Current landscape protection and utilization methods often exhibit limitations,including a narrow identification dimension,fragmented activation strategies,and a disconnect from modern development.To address these issues,this paper introduced the“landscape gene”theory from the perspective of urban and rural planning.It integrated artificial intelligence and Internet of Things technologies to construct a pathway for the inheritance and activation of landscape genes,centered around the concepts of Specifically,through remote sensing image recognition,village texture deconstruction,cultural element extraction,and a dynamic monitoring system,the core genes of traditional village spatial texture,historical sites,cultural symbols,and more were accurately identified and dynamically tracked.In terms of activation strategy,an AI-driven participatory planning platform guided the community in co-building and co-managing,thereby achieving adaptive regeneration and sustainable use of landscape genes in contemporary contexts.Empirical results indicated that this method could increase the retention rate of core landscape elements by 22%,enhance villager participation by 35%,and achieve an 87%satisfaction rate with landscape activation,effectively promote the cultural continuity and morphological renewal of traditional villages.
基金Supported by the funding from RMIT Internal Research Grant R1.
文摘An efficient algorithm for path planning is crucial for guiding autonomous surface vehicles(ASVs)through designated waypoints.However,current evaluations of ASV path planning mainly focus on comparing total path lengths,using temporal models to estimate travel time,idealized integration of global and local motion planners,and omission of external environmental disturbances.These rudimentary criteria cannot adequately capture real-world operations.To address these shortcomings,this study introduces a simulation framework for evaluating navigation modules designed for ASVs.The proposed framework is implemented on a prototype ASV using the Robot Operating System(ROS)and the Gazebo simulation platform.The implementation processes replicated satellite images with the extended Kalman filter technique to acquire localized location data.Cost minimization for global trajectories is achieved through the application of Dijkstra and A*algorithms,while local obstacle avoidance is managed by the dynamic window approach algorithm.The results demonstrate the distinctions and intricacies of the metrics provided by the proposed simulation framework compared with the rudimentary criteria commonly utilized in conventional path planning works.
文摘Impinging jet arrays are extensively used in numerous industrial operations,including the cooling of electronics,turbine blades,and other high-heat flux systems because of their superior heat transfer capabilities.Optimizing the design and operating parameters of such systems is essential to enhance cooling efficiency and achieve uniform pressure distribution,which can lead to improved system performance and energy savings.This paper presents two multi-objective optimization methodologies for a turbulent air jet impingement cooling system.The governing equations are resolved employing the commercial computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software ANSYS Fluent v17.The study focuses on four controlling parameters:Reynolds number(Re),swirl number(S),jet-to-jet separation distance(Z/D),and impingement height(H/D).The effects of these parameters on heat transfer and impingement pressure distribution are investigated.Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm(NSGA-II)and Weighted Sum Method(WSM)are employed to optimize the controlling parameters for maximum cooling performance.The aim is to identify optimal design parameters and system configurations that enhance heat transfer efficiency while achieving a uniform impingement pressure distribution.These findings have practical implications for applications requiring efficient cooling.The optimized design achieved a 12.28%increase in convective heat transfer efficiency with a local Nusselt number of 113.05 compared to 100.69 in the reference design.Enhanced convective cooling and heat flux were observed in the optimized configuration,particularly in areas of direct jet impingement.Additionally,the optimized design maintained lower wall temperatures,demonstrating more effective thermal dissipation.
文摘Not always climate and cultural contexts are discussed at the forefront of architectural discussions on traditional or vernacular architecture,nevertheless,the construction material also plays a significant part in defining places’architectural languages.Building from the local materials is an essential ingredient of the local distinctiveness,whilst forming the architectural grand gesture in its context.In Siwa oasis,salt architecture has formed that architectural grand gesture.The vernacular vocabularies adopted by old Bedouins using salt bricks generated Siwa’s unique spirit.In this paper,some examples are illustrated based on a series of site visits to three main sites in Siwa,namely:Old Shali,Abu Shuruf,and Aghourmy.This shows the evolution of Siwa’s vernacular architecture and the role of the architectural language or detrimental effect on the overall quality of architecture.From the site visits,it was observed that building with the traditional technique is now becoming abandoned in Siwa,explained by the local builders to be due to the huge costs required;forcing them to shifting to modern architecture.The influx to building using modern techniques has led to a significant transformation in the urban morphology and spirit of Siwa.Herein lies the scope of this paper:to discuss the impact of the evolution of vernacular architecture on the overall quality of architecture in Siwa and thus identifying the problems which will lead to policy formulation and guidelines for the redevelopment of Siwa in order to“revitalize/resuscitate”its vernacular style accordingly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102470)。
文摘As a clean energy source,hydrogen plays a critical role in the global mission to achieve carbon neutrality.Among varied hydrogen production techniques,water electrolysis driven by clean energy,such as solar or wind energy,is the most promising and viable option,with the advantages of celerity,high efficiency,cleanliness,and sustainability.However,this process necessitates a highly active and durable hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)catalyst to enhance the overall reaction efficiency.This article thoroughly reviews the recent development of electrocatalysts exhibiting high-performance HER.In particular,a comprehensive look at noble metals platinum(Pt),ruthenium(Ru),iridium(Ir),and non-noble metals,including sulfides,carbides,nitrides and phosphides is taken.Synthesis strategies,methods for enhancing performance,and the correlation between structure,composition,and catalytic performance are discussed.We also pay particular attention to density functional theory(DFT)calculations to reveal the mechanisms behind the improvement of HER performance.Finally,the critical challenges associated with electrochemical water splitting and propose coping strategies are presented.
基金the financial support under the Project PID2021-126166OB-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by“ERDF A way of making Europe”(European Union)the Grant CNS2023-144665 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033+1 种基金by the“European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR.”the CSIC for the financial support under the project PIE-20216AT012.
文摘The corrosion behavior of the laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)AZ91 magnesium alloy was investigated by comparing its longitudinal and transverse sections with the cast AZ91 alloy.Microstructural analysis revealed a fine,homogeneous Mg_(17)Al_(12) distribution in LPBF samples,contrasting with the network-like structure in the cast alloy.Electrochemical and hydrogen evolution tests demonstrated no significant anisotropy in LPBF sections,but they exhibited higher corrosion rates than the cast alloy.Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed that the corrosion process was cathodically controlled by the Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase fraction.Scanning vibrating electrode technique further validated these findings,highlighting lower electrochemical activity in cast AZ91 alloy.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)(No.2021R1C1C2009703,2021R1C1C1004154)the Technology Innovation Program(No.20022003)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘Many natural organisms have evolved unique sensory systems over millions of years that have allowed them to detect various changes in their surrounding environments.Sensory systems feature numerous receptors—such as photoreceptors,mechanoreceptors,and chemoreceptors—that detect various types of external stimuli,including light,pressure,vibration,sound,and chemical substances.These stimuli are converted into electrochemical signals,which are transmitted to the brain to produce the sensations of sight,touch,hearing,taste,and smell.Inspired by the biological principles of sensory systems,recent advancements in electronics have led to a wide range of applications in artificial sensors.In the current review,we highlight recent developments in artificial sensors inspired by biological sensory systems utilizing soft ionic materials.The versatile characteristics of these ionic materials are introduced while focusing on their mechanical and electrical properties.The features and working principles of natural and artificial sensing systems are investigated in terms of six categories:vision,tactile,hearing,gustatory,olfactory,and proximity sensing.Lastly,we explore several challenges that must be overcome while outlining future research directions in the field of soft ionic sensors.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2024-00449812,2022R1I1A3064173)the Korea government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00335915).
文摘Nature-inspired designs have increasingly influenced biomedical engineering by providing superior biomechanical performance and structural stability.In this study,the diabolical ironclad beetle elytra structure was applied to stent strut designs and thoroughly evaluated through various computational simulations to assess their potential to enhance the mechanical performance of WE43 magnesium alloy stents.Connected elliptical structures with a vertical-to-horizontal length ratio of 1:1.8 were incorporated in varying numbers and then compared to conventional laser-cut stents using 3-point bending,crush,crimping,and expansion tests,internal carotid artery insertion simulations,and computational fluid dynamics analyses.The results demonstrated that the biomimetic stents exhibited significantly improved stress distribution and reduced applied stress while maintaining hemodynamic stability.Computational fluid dynamics simulations further confirmed that the biomimetic could reduce wall shear stress and improve blood flow,thereby potentially minimizing the risk of restenosis and thrombosis.These findings suggest that diabolical ironclad beetle-inspired stent structures may offer enhanced biomechanical performance and clinical safety in magnesium-based endovascular interventions.
文摘This study employs deformation monitoring data acquired during the construction of the Haoji railway large-scale bridge to investigate the displacement behavior of the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks.Emphasis is placed on data acquisition and processing methods using total stations and automated monitoring systems.Through a comprehensive analysis of lateral,longitudinal,and vertical displacement data from 26 subgrade monitoring points,catenary columns,and track sections,this research evaluates how construction activities influence railway structures.The results show that displacement variations in the subgrades,catenary columns,and tracks remained within the established alert thresholds,exhibiting stable deformation trends and indicating that any adverse environmental impact was effectively contained.Furthermore,this paper proposes an early warning mechanism based on an automated monitoring system,which can promptly detect abnormal deformations and initiate emergency response procedures,thereby ensuring the safe operation of the railway.The integration of big data analysis and deformation prediction models offers a practical foundation for future safety management in railway construction.
基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation-Haidian original Innovation Joint Foundation,Grant/Award Number:L192016Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:U21A20489+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:62003330Shenzhen Fundamental Research Funds,Grant/Award Numbers:JCYJ20220818101608019,JCYJ20190807170407391,JCYJ20180507182415428Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,Grant/Award Number:2019A1515011699Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems,Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology。
文摘Osteoporosis is a major cause of bone fracture and can be characterised by both mass loss and microstructure deterioration of the bone.The modern way of osteoporosis assessment is through the measurement of bone mineral density,which is not able to unveil the pathological condition from the mesoscale aspect.To obtain mesoscale information from computed tomography(CT),the super-resolution(SR)approach for volumetric imaging data is required.A deep learning model AESR3D is proposed to recover high-resolution(HR)Micro-CT from low-resolution Micro-CT and implement an unsupervised segmentation for better trabecular observation and measurement.A new regularisation overcomplete autoencoder framework for the SR task is proposed and theoretically analysed.The best performance is achieved on structural similarity measure of trabecular CT SR task compared with the state-of-the-art models in both natural and medical image SR tasks.The HR and SR images show a high correlation(r=0.996,intraclass correlation coefficients=0.917)on trabecular bone morphological indicators.The results also prove the effectiveness of our regularisation framework when training a large capacity model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.T2241003)。
文摘Ammonia is a promising zero-carbon alternative fuel.Direct ammonia fuel cells (DAFCs),as an efficient ammonia-fueled power system,have an extremely high application value in the field of transportation for decarbonization.Metals are essential components for catalysts and electrolytes in DAFCs,with catalysts being critical to their overall performance.Currently,ammoniafueled solid oxide fuel cells with Ni-based catalysts have reached peak power densities exceeding 1000 mW.cm^(-2).In the case of anion exchange membrane fuel cells,platinum-group metal catalysts can achieve a peak power density of 410 mW.cm^(-2).Despite these advancements,further development of more efficient,stable,and cost-effective catalysts is necessary to meet the demands for high efficiency and power density in transportation power systems.This review comprehensively summarizes the recent advancements of metal materials in DAFCs,as well as the potential applications of DAFCs in the transportation sector.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and Future Planning(MSIT)(RS-2024-00408989,RS-2023-00278906,and RS-2023-00217661)the Center for Universitywide Research Facilities(CURF)at Jeonbuk National University for High-Resolution In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography(Skyscan 1276,BRUKER).
文摘A wearable health monitoring system is a promising device for opening the era of the fourth industrial revolution due to increasing interest in health among modern people.Wearable health monitoring systems were demonstrated by several researchers,but still have critical issues of low performance,inefficient and complex fabrication processes.Here,we present the world’s first wearable multifunctional health monitoring system based on flash-induced porous graphene(FPG).FPG was efficiently synthesized via flash lamp,resulting in a large area in four milliseconds.Moreover,to demonstrate the sensing performance of FPG,a wearable multifunctional health monitoring system was fabricated onto a single substrate.A carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane(CNT-PDMS)nanocomposite electrode was successfully formed on the uneven FPG surface using screen printing.The performance of the FPG-based wearable multifunctional health monitoring system was enhanced by the large surface area of the 3D-porous structure FPG.Finally,the FPG-based wearable multifunctional health monitoring system effectively detected motion,skin temperature,and sweat with a strain GF of 2564.38,a linear thermal response of 0.98Ω℃^(-1) under the skin temperature range,and a low ion detection limit of 10μM.
基金supported by Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(No.CACM-2023-QNRC1–02)Shandong Province Key R&D Program(Major Technological Innovation Project)(No.2021CXGC010501)+6 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22107059)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021QH057)Program for Youth Innovation Technology in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province of China(No.2021KJ035)Taishan Scholars Program(No.TSQN202211221)Shandong Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(No.ZR2022YQ66)Funded by Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202400084)the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Young Qihuang Scholar Project。
文摘Drug resistance poses a significant challenge to effective long-term treatment across various medical fields.This study proposed a feasible strategy to enhance lysosomal alkalinization by transporting mitochondria-targeting quaternary ammonium salts into lysosomes,creating a deprotonated environment.This environment allows drugs to bypass protonation issues in lysosomes,thereby reversing drug resistance and improving therapeutic efficacy.As a proof of concept,a quaternary ammonium salt-based pH indicator was developed,berberrubine(BRB),enhancing the action of the anticancer drug hydroxycamptothecin(HCPT)in resistant cells.BRB-induced alkalinization increased lysosomal pH and deactivated lysosomal activity,enabling HCPT to bypass protonation constraints.This enhancement markedly improved the anticancer efficacy of HCPT in resistant cells,providing an innovative approach to address drug resistance and advancing therapeutic technologies.
基金supported by Australian Centre for AI in Medical Innovation(ACAMI)funded by the Victoria State Government,National University of Singapore(NUHSRO/2020/133/Startup/08,NUHSRO/2023/008/NUSMed/TCE/LOA,NUHSRO/2021/034/TRP/09/Nanomedicine,NUHSRO/2021/044/Kickstart/09/LOA,and 230173-A0001)National Medical Research Council(MOH-001388-00,CG21APR1005,MOH-001500-00,and MOH-001609-00)+1 种基金Singapore Ministry of Education(MOE-000387-00 and MOET32023-0005)National Research Foundation(NRF-000352-00)。
文摘1.Introduction Cancer continues to be a major cause of global mortality rates,with conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy exhibiting inconsistent efficacy,high costs,and considerable side effects.Over the past decade,a promising alternative has emerged:cancer immunotherapy,which leverages the body's immune system to identify and eradicate cancer cells[1].
