A quantum BP neural networks model with learning algorithm is proposed. First, based on the universality of single qubit rotation gate and two-qubit controlled-NOT gate, a quantum neuron model is constructed, which is...A quantum BP neural networks model with learning algorithm is proposed. First, based on the universality of single qubit rotation gate and two-qubit controlled-NOT gate, a quantum neuron model is constructed, which is composed of input, phase rotation, aggregation, reversal rotation and output. In this model, the input is described by qubits, and the output is given by the probability of the state in which （1） is observed. The phase rotation and the reversal rotation are performed by the universal quantum gates. Secondly, the quantum BP neural networks model is constructed, in which the output layer and the hide layer are quantum neurons. With the application of the gradient descent algorithm, a learning algorithm of the model is proposed, and the continuity of the model is proved. It is shown that this model and algorithm are superior to the conventional BP networks in three aspects： convergence speed, convergence rate and robustness, by two application examples of pattern recognition and function approximation.展开更多
Multifrequency polarimetric SAR imagery provides a very convenient approach for signal processing and acquisition of radar image. However, the amount of information is scattered in several images, and redundancies exi...Multifrequency polarimetric SAR imagery provides a very convenient approach for signal processing and acquisition of radar image. However, the amount of information is scattered in several images, and redundancies exist between different bands and polarizations. Similar to signal-polarimetric SAR image, multifrequency polarimetric SAR image is corrupted with speckle noise at the same time. A method of information compression and speckle reduction for multifrequency polarimetric SAR imagery is presented based on kernel principal component analysis （KPCA）. KPCA is a nonlinear generalization of the linear principal component analysis using the kernel trick. The NASA/JPL polarimetric SAR imagery of P, L, and C bands quadpolarizations is used for illustration. The experimental results show that KPCA has better capability in information compression and speckle reduction as compared with linear PCA.展开更多
Unstructured P2P has power-law link distribution, and the random walk in power-law networks is analyzed. The analysis results show that the probability that a random walker walks through the high degree nodes is high ...Unstructured P2P has power-law link distribution, and the random walk in power-law networks is analyzed. The analysis results show that the probability that a random walker walks through the high degree nodes is high in the power-law network, and the information on the high degree nodes can be easily found through random walk. Random walk spread and random walk search method （RWSS） is proposed based on the analysis result. Simulation results show that RWSS achieves high success rates at low cost and is robust to high degree node failure.展开更多
The goals of B2B electronic commerce and supply chain management system are to implement interoperability of independent enterprises, to smooth the information flow between them and to deploy business processes over m...The goals of B2B electronic commerce and supply chain management system are to implement interoperability of independent enterprises, to smooth the information flow between them and to deploy business processes over multiple enterprises. The inherent characteristics of workflow system make it suitable to implement the cross organization management. This paper, firstly, proposes an inter enterprises workflow model based on the agreement to support the construction of supply chain management system and B2B electronic commerce. This model has extended the standard workflow model. After that, an architecture which supports the model has been introduced, especially it details the structure and implementation of interfaces between enterprises.展开更多
The admission control issue in the design of a centralized bandwidth broker model for dynamic control and management of QoS provisioning is studied. A two-phase differentiated flow treatment based dynamic admission co...The admission control issue in the design of a centralized bandwidth broker model for dynamic control and management of QoS provisioning is studied. A two-phase differentiated flow treatment based dynamic admission control scheme under the centralized bandwidth broker model is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the flow requests are classified into two classes and get differentiated treatment according to their QoS demands. We demonstrate that this admission control scheme can not only improve the resource utilization but also guarantee the flows＇ QoS. Furthermore, the admission control is divided into two phases： edge admission control and interior admission control. During the interior phase, the PoQ scheme is adopted, which enhances the call processing capability of the bandwidth broker. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can result in lower flow blocking probability and higher resource utilization. And it also reduces the number of QoS state accesses/updates, thereby increasing the overall call processing capability of the bandwidth broker.展开更多
Purpose:The main goal of this study is to discover the scientific evolution of Cancer-Related Symptoms in Complementary and Alternative Medicine research area,analyzing the articles indexed in the Web of Science datab...Purpose:The main goal of this study is to discover the scientific evolution of Cancer-Related Symptoms in Complementary and Alternative Medicine research area,analyzing the articles indexed in the Web of Science database from 1980 to 2013.Design/Methodology/Approach:A co-word science mapping analysis is performed under a longitudinal framework(1980 to 2013).The documental corpus is divided into two subperiods,1980–2008 and 2009–2013.Thus,the performance and impact rates,and conceptual evolution of the research field are shown.Findings:According to the results,the co-word analysis allows us to identify 12 main thematic areas in this emerging research field:anxiety,survivors and palliative care,meditation,treatment,symptoms and cancer types,postmenopause,cancer pain,low back pain,herbal medicine,children,depression and insomnia,inflammation mediators,and lymphedema.The different research lines are identified according to the main thematic areas,centered fundamentally on anxiety and suffering prevention.The scientific community can use this information to identify where the interest is focused and make decisions in different ways.Research limitation:Several limitations can be addressed:1)some of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine therapies may not have been included;2)only the documents indexed in Web of Science are analyzed;and 3)the thematic areas detected could change if another dataset was considered.Practical implications:The results obtained in the present study could be considered as an evidence-based framework in which future studies could be built.Originality/value:Currently,there are no studies that show the thematic evolution of this research area.展开更多
We investigate highly sophisticated mechanisms that merge and automate interoperability of heterogeneous traditional information systems together with the World Wide Web as one world. In particular, we introduce the A...We investigate highly sophisticated mechanisms that merge and automate interoperability of heterogeneous traditional information systems together with the World Wide Web as one world. In particular, we introduce the ABB system that employs most of the Benevolent Builders (BB) which are assertions, integration rules, ABB network graph and agents to activate the components’ versatility to reconcile the semantics involved in data sharing in order to withstand the terrific dynamic computer technology in the present and future information age. The ABB is a global application system with its operation covering local databases to the Internet. The first three BB are passive objects, whereas, the agent has a strong versatility to perceive events, perform actions, communicate, make commitments, and satisfy claims. Due to the BB’s power of intelligence, ABB also has the capability to filter out and process only the relevant operational sources like preferences (i.e. customer’s interest) from the sites. The ABB’s richness in knowledge and flexibility to accommodate various data models, manages to link: system to system or firm to firm regardless of the field such as: engineering, insurance, medical, space science, and education, to mention a few.展开更多
In this paper,we present the effective distance between T-cell and B-cell in an immune system using Stop and Wait(S/W)Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ).The concentration of the molecules can be increased by increasing the...In this paper,we present the effective distance between T-cell and B-cell in an immune system using Stop and Wait(S/W)Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ).The concentration of the molecules can be increased by increasing the transmitting number of molecules but it may reduce the performance of communication due to higher collision or interference with other molecules.It is also reported in the literature that the concentration of the emitted molecules reduces if the distance from Transmitter(Tx)to Receiver(Rx)increases.Thus,this paper mainly focuses on enhancing the receiver’s capture probability and higher successful complete transmission of the desired molecules by obtaining the effective distance from T-cell to B-cell.In order to find the effective distance,T-cell transmits the molecules 1(Interleukins-2)to B-cell,upon successful reception of molecules 1,antibodies(molecules 2)transmit back to T-cell.Then,the effective distance of an immune system can be obtained after T-cell detects the concentration of the molecules 2 with respect to time.Different schemes of S/W ARQ protocols have implemented in Molecular Communication(MC)but it requires retransmission of duplicate copies due to the lack of addressing an effective distance.Thus,the simulations are performed in MATLAB and the results obtain higher capture probability and also successful complete transmission of the desired molecules.展开更多
As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in in...As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in increasing the quality, reusability and maintainability of software.With the automatic programming model of software engineering, through the analysis for Z specification language, a feasible semi-automatic way of refinement and transformation is proposed, and the correctness of the procedure is also discussed.展开更多
Decentralized and unstructured peer-to-peer applications such as Gnutella are attractive because they require no centralized directories and no precise control over network topology or data placement. Search algorithm...Decentralized and unstructured peer-to-peer applications such as Gnutella are attractive because they require no centralized directories and no precise control over network topology or data placement. Search algorithm is the major component of the distributed system and its efficiency also does influence the systems performance. However the flooding-based query algorithm used in Gnutella produces huge traffic and does not scale well. Gnutella-like P2P topology has power-law characteristic, so a search algorithm was proposed based on high degree nodes of power-law network, High Degree Nodes-Based Search （HDNBS）. Extensive simulation results show that this algorithm performs on power-law networks very well, achieves almost 100% success rates, produces O（logN） messages per query and can locate target file within O（lagN） hops.展开更多
This paper describes the design and implementation of HITASE, a general-purpose architecture Simulation Environment for evaluating performance of parallel machine architecture. This simulation environment is designed ...This paper describes the design and implementation of HITASE, a general-purpose architecture Simulation Environment for evaluating performance of parallel machine architecture. This simulation environment is designed for SPMD parallel machines and implemented by using program-driven methodology. Compared to other similar simulation systems, our simulation environment has strong generalities, and can study new architecture, such as a reconfigurable multistage interconnection network.展开更多
In order to solve the hybrid and dependent task scheduling and critical source allocation problems, a task scheduling algorithm has been developed by first presenting the tasks, and then describing the hybrid and depe...In order to solve the hybrid and dependent task scheduling and critical source allocation problems, a task scheduling algorithm has been developed by first presenting the tasks, and then describing the hybrid and dependent scheduling algorithm and deriving the predictable schedulability condition. The performance of this agorithm was evaluated through simulation, and it is concluded from the evaluation results that the hybrid task scheduling subalgorithm based on the comparison factor can be used to solve the problem of aperiodic task being blocked by periodic task in the traditional operating system for a very long time, which results in poor scheduling predictability; and the resource allocation subalgorithm based on schedulability analysis can be used to solve the problems of critical section conflict, ceiling blocking and priority inversion; and the scheduling algorithm is nearest optimal when the abortable critical section is 0.6.展开更多
A two-stage method for image segmentation based on edge and region information is proposed. Different deformation schemes are used at two stages for segmenting the object correctly in image plane. At the first stage, ...A two-stage method for image segmentation based on edge and region information is proposed. Different deformation schemes are used at two stages for segmenting the object correctly in image plane. At the first stage, the contour of the model is divided into several segments hierarchically that deform respectively using affine transformation. After the contour is deformed to the approximate boundary of object, a fine match mechanism using statistical information of local region to redefine the external energy of the model is used to make the contour fit the object's boundary exactly. The algorithm is effective, as the hierarchical segmental deformation makes use of the globe and local information of the image, the affine transformation keeps the consistency of the model, and the reformative approaches of computing the internal energy and external energy are proposed to reduce the algorithm complexity. The adaptive method of defining the search area at the second stage makes the model converge quickly. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model is effective and robust to local minima and able to search for concave objects.展开更多
The architecture and recognition engine of a newly-developed pen-based Chinese personal data assistant (PDA) are described in this paper. The PDA’s design principles of hardware and software architectures, basic feat...The architecture and recognition engine of a newly-developed pen-based Chinese personal data assistant (PDA) are described in this paper. The PDA’s design principles of hardware and software architectures, basic features, and on-line Chinese handwritten character recognition system, are discussed in particular. Based on the architecture and recognition engine proposed in this paper, the first generation of pen-based Chinese PDA has been worked out and put into mass production.展开更多
In this paper, the concept of type 2 expressions (2Es for short) is briefly introduced, and it is proved strictly that CFL class is precisely the language class expressed by 2Es. A new proof using 2Es to pumping lemma...In this paper, the concept of type 2 expressions (2Es for short) is briefly introduced, and it is proved strictly that CFL class is precisely the language class expressed by 2Es. A new proof using 2Es to pumping lemma for CFLs is geven.展开更多
Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are man...Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are many language phenomena. Firstly, most utterances are ill-formed. Secondly, ellipsis, anaphora and negation are also widely used in Chinese spoken dialogue. Determining how to extract semantic information from incomplete sentences and resolve negation, anaphora and ellipsis is crucial. SHTQS (Shanghai Transportation Query System) is an intelligent telephone-based spoken dialogue system providing information about the best route between any two sites in Shanghai. After a brief description of the system, the natural language processing is emphasized. Speech recognition sentences unavoidably contain errors. In language sequence processing procedures, these errors can be easily passed to the later parts and take on a ripple effect. To detect and recover these from errors as early as possible, language-processing strategies are specially considered. For errors resulting from divided words in speech recognition, segmentation and POS Tagging approaches that can rectify these errors are designed. Since most of the inquiry utterances are ill-formed and negation, anaphora and ellipsis are common language phenomena, the language understanding must be adequately adaptive. So, a partial syntactic parsing scheme is adopted and a chart algorithm is used. The parser is based on unification grammar. The semantic frame that extracts from the best arc set of the chart is used to represent the meaning of sentences. The negation, anaphora and ellipsis are also analyzed and corresponding processing approaches are presented. The accuracy of the language processing part is 88.39% and the testing result shows that the language processing strategies are rational and effective.展开更多
To detect the DoS in networks by applying association rules mining techniques, we propose that association rules and frequent itemsets can be employed to find DoS pattern in packet streams which describe traffic and u...To detect the DoS in networks by applying association rules mining techniques, we propose that association rules and frequent itemsets can be employed to find DoS pattern in packet streams which describe traffic and user behaviors. The method extracts information from the log analysis of submitted packets using the algorithm which depends on the definition of the intrusion. Large itemsets were extracted to represent the super facts to build the association analysis for the intrusion. Network data files were analysed for experiments. The analysis and experimental results are encouraging with better performance as packet frequency number increases.展开更多
A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of ...A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.展开更多
The research of micro-forces between micro-parts forms the base for micro-machine (MEMS) development. According to the characteristics of the interactions between micro-parts in MEMS, three models were simplified. Bas...The research of micro-forces between micro-parts forms the base for micro-machine (MEMS) development. According to the characteristics of the interactions between micro-parts in MEMS, three models were simplified. Based on these models, micro-forces between micro-parts were analyzed, and the analytical formulas were formulated. Factors which may affect the micro-forces, such as surface condition, media and constitutive material of micro-parts were discussed. A coefficient of surface roughness on micro-forces was introduced, which facilitated the analysis of the influence of surface roughness.展开更多
The design and implementation of EATS, a machine translation system for e-mail, are presented. It first puts forward the notion of “instant machine translation service" and illustrates how it is provided through...The design and implementation of EATS, a machine translation system for e-mail, are presented. It first puts forward the notion of “instant machine translation service" and illustrates how it is provided through client-server mode in EATS. Then this paper gives a panoramic view of the realization of Chinese-English bi-directional translation module through multi-engine strategy. The prototype of the system has been successfully demonstrated in campus net in PPP mode, with 70%～80% translation accuracy.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50138010)
文摘A quantum BP neural networks model with learning algorithm is proposed. First, based on the universality of single qubit rotation gate and two-qubit controlled-NOT gate, a quantum neuron model is constructed, which is composed of input, phase rotation, aggregation, reversal rotation and output. In this model, the input is described by qubits, and the output is given by the probability of the state in which （1） is observed. The phase rotation and the reversal rotation are performed by the universal quantum gates. Secondly, the quantum BP neural networks model is constructed, in which the output layer and the hide layer are quantum neurons. With the application of the gradient descent algorithm, a learning algorithm of the model is proposed, and the continuity of the model is proved. It is shown that this model and algorithm are superior to the conventional BP networks in three aspects： convergence speed, convergence rate and robustness, by two application examples of pattern recognition and function approximation.
基金the Specialized Research Found for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (20070699013)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province (2006F05)the Aeronautical Science Foundation (05I53076).
文摘Multifrequency polarimetric SAR imagery provides a very convenient approach for signal processing and acquisition of radar image. However, the amount of information is scattered in several images, and redundancies exist between different bands and polarizations. Similar to signal-polarimetric SAR image, multifrequency polarimetric SAR image is corrupted with speckle noise at the same time. A method of information compression and speckle reduction for multifrequency polarimetric SAR imagery is presented based on kernel principal component analysis （KPCA）. KPCA is a nonlinear generalization of the linear principal component analysis using the kernel trick. The NASA/JPL polarimetric SAR imagery of P, L, and C bands quadpolarizations is used for illustration. The experimental results show that KPCA has better capability in information compression and speckle reduction as compared with linear PCA.
文摘Unstructured P2P has power-law link distribution, and the random walk in power-law networks is analyzed. The analysis results show that the probability that a random walker walks through the high degree nodes is high in the power-law network, and the information on the high degree nodes can be easily found through random walk. Random walk spread and random walk search method （RWSS） is proposed based on the analysis result. Simulation results show that RWSS achieves high success rates at low cost and is robust to high degree node failure.
文摘The goals of B2B electronic commerce and supply chain management system are to implement interoperability of independent enterprises, to smooth the information flow between them and to deploy business processes over multiple enterprises. The inherent characteristics of workflow system make it suitable to implement the cross organization management. This paper, firstly, proposes an inter enterprises workflow model based on the agreement to support the construction of supply chain management system and B2B electronic commerce. This model has extended the standard workflow model. After that, an architecture which supports the model has been introduced, especially it details the structure and implementation of interfaces between enterprises.
文摘The admission control issue in the design of a centralized bandwidth broker model for dynamic control and management of QoS provisioning is studied. A two-phase differentiated flow treatment based dynamic admission control scheme under the centralized bandwidth broker model is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the flow requests are classified into two classes and get differentiated treatment according to their QoS demands. We demonstrate that this admission control scheme can not only improve the resource utilization but also guarantee the flows＇ QoS. Furthermore, the admission control is divided into two phases： edge admission control and interior admission control. During the interior phase, the PoQ scheme is adopted, which enhances the call processing capability of the bandwidth broker. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can result in lower flow blocking probability and higher resource utilization. And it also reduces the number of QoS state accesses/updates, thereby increasing the overall call processing capability of the bandwidth broker.
基金supported by the Andalusian Excellence Project TIC-5991Spanish National Project TIN2016-75850-RJ.A.Moral-Munoz held an FPU scholarship (AP2012-1789) from the Spanish Ministry of Education
文摘Purpose:The main goal of this study is to discover the scientific evolution of Cancer-Related Symptoms in Complementary and Alternative Medicine research area,analyzing the articles indexed in the Web of Science database from 1980 to 2013.Design/Methodology/Approach:A co-word science mapping analysis is performed under a longitudinal framework(1980 to 2013).The documental corpus is divided into two subperiods,1980–2008 and 2009–2013.Thus,the performance and impact rates,and conceptual evolution of the research field are shown.Findings:According to the results,the co-word analysis allows us to identify 12 main thematic areas in this emerging research field:anxiety,survivors and palliative care,meditation,treatment,symptoms and cancer types,postmenopause,cancer pain,low back pain,herbal medicine,children,depression and insomnia,inflammation mediators,and lymphedema.The different research lines are identified according to the main thematic areas,centered fundamentally on anxiety and suffering prevention.The scientific community can use this information to identify where the interest is focused and make decisions in different ways.Research limitation:Several limitations can be addressed:1)some of the Complementary and Alternative Medicine therapies may not have been included;2)only the documents indexed in Web of Science are analyzed;and 3)the thematic areas detected could change if another dataset was considered.Practical implications:The results obtained in the present study could be considered as an evidence-based framework in which future studies could be built.Originality/value:Currently,there are no studies that show the thematic evolution of this research area.
文摘We investigate highly sophisticated mechanisms that merge and automate interoperability of heterogeneous traditional information systems together with the World Wide Web as one world. In particular, we introduce the ABB system that employs most of the Benevolent Builders (BB) which are assertions, integration rules, ABB network graph and agents to activate the components’ versatility to reconcile the semantics involved in data sharing in order to withstand the terrific dynamic computer technology in the present and future information age. The ABB is a global application system with its operation covering local databases to the Internet. The first three BB are passive objects, whereas, the agent has a strong versatility to perceive events, perform actions, communicate, make commitments, and satisfy claims. Due to the BB’s power of intelligence, ABB also has the capability to filter out and process only the relevant operational sources like preferences (i.e. customer’s interest) from the sites. The ABB’s richness in knowledge and flexibility to accommodate various data models, manages to link: system to system or firm to firm regardless of the field such as: engineering, insurance, medical, space science, and education, to mention a few.
基金“Visvesvaraya Ph. D Scheme”, Govt. of India to give us an opportunity to complete this paper with their financial support
文摘In this paper,we present the effective distance between T-cell and B-cell in an immune system using Stop and Wait(S/W)Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ).The concentration of the molecules can be increased by increasing the transmitting number of molecules but it may reduce the performance of communication due to higher collision or interference with other molecules.It is also reported in the literature that the concentration of the emitted molecules reduces if the distance from Transmitter(Tx)to Receiver(Rx)increases.Thus,this paper mainly focuses on enhancing the receiver’s capture probability and higher successful complete transmission of the desired molecules by obtaining the effective distance from T-cell to B-cell.In order to find the effective distance,T-cell transmits the molecules 1(Interleukins-2)to B-cell,upon successful reception of molecules 1,antibodies(molecules 2)transmit back to T-cell.Then,the effective distance of an immune system can be obtained after T-cell detects the concentration of the molecules 2 with respect to time.Different schemes of S/W ARQ protocols have implemented in Molecular Communication(MC)but it requires retransmission of duplicate copies due to the lack of addressing an effective distance.Thus,the simulations are performed in MATLAB and the results obtain higher capture probability and also successful complete transmission of the desired molecules.
文摘As a kind of formal specification language, Z has gained a position in the field of software development, but there is still no standard way of transforming Z specification into executable code that is promising in increasing the quality, reusability and maintainability of software.With the automatic programming model of software engineering, through the analysis for Z specification language, a feasible semi-automatic way of refinement and transformation is proposed, and the correctness of the procedure is also discussed.
文摘Decentralized and unstructured peer-to-peer applications such as Gnutella are attractive because they require no centralized directories and no precise control over network topology or data placement. Search algorithm is the major component of the distributed system and its efficiency also does influence the systems performance. However the flooding-based query algorithm used in Gnutella produces huge traffic and does not scale well. Gnutella-like P2P topology has power-law characteristic, so a search algorithm was proposed based on high degree nodes of power-law network, High Degree Nodes-Based Search （HDNBS）. Extensive simulation results show that this algorithm performs on power-law networks very well, achieves almost 100% success rates, produces O（logN） messages per query and can locate target file within O（lagN） hops.
文摘This paper describes the design and implementation of HITASE, a general-purpose architecture Simulation Environment for evaluating performance of parallel machine architecture. This simulation environment is designed for SPMD parallel machines and implemented by using program-driven methodology. Compared to other similar simulation systems, our simulation environment has strong generalities, and can study new architecture, such as a reconfigurable multistage interconnection network.
文摘In order to solve the hybrid and dependent task scheduling and critical source allocation problems, a task scheduling algorithm has been developed by first presenting the tasks, and then describing the hybrid and dependent scheduling algorithm and deriving the predictable schedulability condition. The performance of this agorithm was evaluated through simulation, and it is concluded from the evaluation results that the hybrid task scheduling subalgorithm based on the comparison factor can be used to solve the problem of aperiodic task being blocked by periodic task in the traditional operating system for a very long time, which results in poor scheduling predictability; and the resource allocation subalgorithm based on schedulability analysis can be used to solve the problems of critical section conflict, ceiling blocking and priority inversion; and the scheduling algorithm is nearest optimal when the abortable critical section is 0.6.
基金Sponsored by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project(Grant No T0603)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No60271033)
文摘A two-stage method for image segmentation based on edge and region information is proposed. Different deformation schemes are used at two stages for segmenting the object correctly in image plane. At the first stage, the contour of the model is divided into several segments hierarchically that deform respectively using affine transformation. After the contour is deformed to the approximate boundary of object, a fine match mechanism using statistical information of local region to redefine the external energy of the model is used to make the contour fit the object's boundary exactly. The algorithm is effective, as the hierarchical segmental deformation makes use of the globe and local information of the image, the affine transformation keeps the consistency of the model, and the reformative approaches of computing the internal energy and external energy are proposed to reduce the algorithm complexity. The adaptive method of defining the search area at the second stage makes the model converge quickly. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model is effective and robust to local minima and able to search for concave objects.
基金Supported by the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China
文摘The architecture and recognition engine of a newly-developed pen-based Chinese personal data assistant (PDA) are described in this paper. The PDA’s design principles of hardware and software architectures, basic features, and on-line Chinese handwritten character recognition system, are discussed in particular. Based on the architecture and recognition engine proposed in this paper, the first generation of pen-based Chinese PDA has been worked out and put into mass production.
文摘In this paper, the concept of type 2 expressions (2Es for short) is briefly introduced, and it is proved strictly that CFL class is precisely the language class expressed by 2Es. A new proof using 2Es to pumping lemma for CFLs is geven.
文摘Spoken dialogue systems are an active research field with wide applications. But the differences in the Chinese spoken dialogue system are not as distinct as that of English. In Chinese spoken dialogues, there are many language phenomena. Firstly, most utterances are ill-formed. Secondly, ellipsis, anaphora and negation are also widely used in Chinese spoken dialogue. Determining how to extract semantic information from incomplete sentences and resolve negation, anaphora and ellipsis is crucial. SHTQS (Shanghai Transportation Query System) is an intelligent telephone-based spoken dialogue system providing information about the best route between any two sites in Shanghai. After a brief description of the system, the natural language processing is emphasized. Speech recognition sentences unavoidably contain errors. In language sequence processing procedures, these errors can be easily passed to the later parts and take on a ripple effect. To detect and recover these from errors as early as possible, language-processing strategies are specially considered. For errors resulting from divided words in speech recognition, segmentation and POS Tagging approaches that can rectify these errors are designed. Since most of the inquiry utterances are ill-formed and negation, anaphora and ellipsis are common language phenomena, the language understanding must be adequately adaptive. So, a partial syntactic parsing scheme is adopted and a chart algorithm is used. The parser is based on unification grammar. The semantic frame that extracts from the best arc set of the chart is used to represent the meaning of sentences. The negation, anaphora and ellipsis are also analyzed and corresponding processing approaches are presented. The accuracy of the language processing part is 88.39% and the testing result shows that the language processing strategies are rational and effective.
文摘To detect the DoS in networks by applying association rules mining techniques, we propose that association rules and frequent itemsets can be employed to find DoS pattern in packet streams which describe traffic and user behaviors. The method extracts information from the log analysis of submitted packets using the algorithm which depends on the definition of the intrusion. Large itemsets were extracted to represent the super facts to build the association analysis for the intrusion. Network data files were analysed for experiments. The analysis and experimental results are encouraging with better performance as packet frequency number increases.
文摘A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.
文摘The research of micro-forces between micro-parts forms the base for micro-machine (MEMS) development. According to the characteristics of the interactions between micro-parts in MEMS, three models were simplified. Based on these models, micro-forces between micro-parts were analyzed, and the analytical formulas were formulated. Factors which may affect the micro-forces, such as surface condition, media and constitutive material of micro-parts were discussed. A coefficient of surface roughness on micro-forces was introduced, which facilitated the analysis of the influence of surface roughness.
文摘The design and implementation of EATS, a machine translation system for e-mail, are presented. It first puts forward the notion of “instant machine translation service" and illustrates how it is provided through client-server mode in EATS. Then this paper gives a panoramic view of the realization of Chinese-English bi-directional translation module through multi-engine strategy. The prototype of the system has been successfully demonstrated in campus net in PPP mode, with 70%～80% translation accuracy.
