The effective energy loss functions for Al have been derived from differential i nverse inelastic mean free path based on the extended Landau approach. It has be en revealed that the effective energy loss function is ...The effective energy loss functions for Al have been derived from differential i nverse inelastic mean free path based on the extended Landau approach. It has be en revealed that the effective energy loss function is very close in value to th e theoretical surface energy loss function in the lower energy loss region but g radually approaches the theoretical bulk energy loss function in the higher ener gy loss region. Moreover, the intensity corresponding to surface excitation in e ffective energy loss functions decreases with the increase of primary electron e nergy. These facts show that the present effective energy loss function describe s not only surface excitation but also bulk excitation. At last, REELS spectra s imulated by Monte Carlo method based on use of the effective energy loss functio ns has reproduced the experimental REELS spectra with considerable success.展开更多
A brief summary on and comprehensive understanding of fuzzy optimizationis presented. This summary is made on aspects of fuzzy modelling and fuzzy optimization,classification and formulation for the fuzzy optimization...A brief summary on and comprehensive understanding of fuzzy optimizationis presented. This summary is made on aspects of fuzzy modelling and fuzzy optimization,classification and formulation for the fuzzy optimization problems, models and methods.The importance of interpretation of the problem and formulation of the optimal solutionin fuzzy sense are emphasized in the summary of the fuzzy optimization.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10025420,No.20075026,No.60306006 and No.90206009)the post-doctoral fellowship provided by a Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research of Japanese govermment(No.13GS0022).The authors would also like to thank Dr.H.Yoshikawa,National Institute for Materials Science of Japan,and Dr.T.Nagatomi,Osaka University,for their helpful comments.
文摘The effective energy loss functions for Al have been derived from differential i nverse inelastic mean free path based on the extended Landau approach. It has be en revealed that the effective energy loss function is very close in value to th e theoretical surface energy loss function in the lower energy loss region but g radually approaches the theoretical bulk energy loss function in the higher ener gy loss region. Moreover, the intensity corresponding to surface excitation in e ffective energy loss functions decreases with the increase of primary electron e nergy. These facts show that the present effective energy loss function describe s not only surface excitation but also bulk excitation. At last, REELS spectra s imulated by Monte Carlo method based on use of the effective energy loss functio ns has reproduced the experimental REELS spectra with considerable success.
基金The simplified version of this paper has been published in the proceedings of the 8th Fuzzy Sets Association World Congress(IFSA99).This paper is jointly supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(70002009),Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Found
文摘A brief summary on and comprehensive understanding of fuzzy optimizationis presented. This summary is made on aspects of fuzzy modelling and fuzzy optimization,classification and formulation for the fuzzy optimization problems, models and methods.The importance of interpretation of the problem and formulation of the optimal solutionin fuzzy sense are emphasized in the summary of the fuzzy optimization.
