Composite polyurethane(PU)-SiO_2 hollow fiber membranes were successfully prepared via optimizing thetechnique of dry-jet wet spinning,and their pressure-responsibilities were confirmed by the relationships of pure wa...Composite polyurethane(PU)-SiO_2 hollow fiber membranes were successfully prepared via optimizing thetechnique of dry-jet wet spinning,and their pressure-responsibilities were confirmed by the relationships of pure water flux-transmembrane pressure(PWF-TP)for the first time.The origin for this phenomenon was analyzed on the basis of membranestructure and material characteristics.The effects of SiO_2 content on the structure and properties of membrane wereinvestigated.The experimental results indicated that SiO_2 in membrane created a great many interfacial micro-voids andplayed an important role in pressure-responsibility,PWF and rejection of membrane:with the increase of SiO_2 content,theability of membrane recovery weakened,PWF increased,and rejection decreased slightly.展开更多
The chemisorption properties of N^18O adsorption on TiO2(110) surface were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. The results of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) indicated that the temperatures o...The chemisorption properties of N^18O adsorption on TiO2(110) surface were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. The results of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) indicated that the temperatures of the three desorption peaks of the main N2 molecules were at (low) temperature of 230 K, 450 K, and (high) temperature of 980 K. This meant that N^18O decomposed and recombined during the process of N2 desorption after N^18O was exposed. Analysis of thestable combination and orbital theory calculation of the surface reaction of NO adsorption on the TiO2(110) cluster modelshowed that there was clear preference for the Ti-NO orientation.展开更多
Among complex oxides containing rare earth and manganese BaLn_2Mn_2O_7 (Ln=rare earth) with the layered perovskite type and Ln_2(Mn, M)O_7 with pyrochlore-related structure were studied since these compounds show many...Among complex oxides containing rare earth and manganese BaLn_2Mn_2O_7 (Ln=rare earth) with the layered perovskite type and Ln_2(Mn, M)O_7 with pyrochlore-related structure were studied since these compounds show many kinds of phases and unique phase transitions. In BaLn_2Mn_2O_7 there appear many phases, depending on the synthetic conditions for each rare earth. The tetragonal phase of so-called Ruddlesden-Popper type is the fundamental structure and many kinds of deformed modification of this structure are obtained. For BaEu_2Mn_2O_7 at least five phases have been identified from the results of X-ray diffraction analysis with the space group P4_2/mnm, Fmmm, Immm and A2/m in addition to the fundamental tetragonal I4/mmm phase. In the pyrochlore-related type compounds, Ln_2Mn_(2-x)M_xO_7 (M=Ta, Nb, W etc), there also appear several phases with different crystal structures. With regard to every rare earth, Ln_2MnTaO_7 phase is stable only for excess Ta and can be obtained under high oxygen partial pressure process. This group has trigonal structure with zirkelite type (P3_121 space group). On the other hand Ln_2Mn_(2/3)Nb_(4/3)O_7 phase has monoclinic (C2/c space group) and zirconolite type structure. All of these structural models have the fundamental structure based on HTB (hexagonal tungsten bronze) layers formed by the arrangement of oxygen octahedra.展开更多
The crystal structure of tetrakis[(pyrrol-1-yl)methyl]methane was determined by X-ray diffraction measurement, and the result shows that it belongs to monoclinic crystal system, space group is P2 1/n, with a=0.9284(3...The crystal structure of tetrakis[(pyrrol-1-yl)methyl]methane was determined by X-ray diffraction measurement, and the result shows that it belongs to monoclinic crystal system, space group is P2 1/n, with a=0.9284(3) nm, b=1.0950(6) nm, c=1.8749(8) nm; α=γ= 90.00(4)°, β=103.63(3)°, V=1.8523(14) nm 3, Z=4, ρ calcd. =1.192 kg/m 3, μ=0.072 nm -1 , F(000)=712, R 1=0.0854, wR 2=0.1884. It has been found that the molecules exist in two enantiomeric states. Enantioselective self-assemblies such as one-dimensional molecular stacks in a single handedness, homochiral monolayers and a chiral superlattice are specified in this racemic crystal. In addition, a simple technique is advocated to distinguish chiral states from tetrahedral molecules in the solid state. The present R/S nomenclature of the tetracooradinated carbon centers is used solely for its convenience to distinguish the two enantiomeric states, but not used to determine the absolute configurations.展开更多
A new type of long periodic structure has been found in ZrO2-Y2O3 ceramics in annealed states. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM), selected area electron diffraction, and computer simulation have been used to ...A new type of long periodic structure has been found in ZrO2-Y2O3 ceramics in annealed states. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM), selected area electron diffraction, and computer simulation have been used to reveal the presence of the long periodic structure. The unit cell of the long periodic structure consists of a cubic ZrO2 unit cell and L10- like phase one.展开更多
In this paper, we deposited carbides on copper substrate by High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. The structure of the coating and microstructure of the substrate-coating interface have been investigated by means of...In this paper, we deposited carbides on copper substrate by High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. The structure of the coating and microstructure of the substrate-coating interface have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We observed the worn surface of the coating and investigated the wear mechanism. The results show that the microstructure of the interface between HVOF sprayed coating and substrate which consists of the amorphous layers, nanocrystalls in the coating and dislocation cells in copper substrate, etc. is complex. The amorphous layers are formed from heated adhesion after rapidly cooling, while the nanocrystalls come from the fragmentation of half-molten carbides. At the same time we found that the wear-resistant properties of the WC-Co coating is better than that of Cr3C2-NiCr coating at room temperature. The early wear-resistance of the HVOF sprayed coating is poor because of the roughness of its surface or bad bond of hard composite particles. The high velocity of molten droplets is propitious to fill up the interspaces between carbides, so as to make the coating more compact and reduce its porosities, thus the wear-resistance of carbides coatings is improved.展开更多
Many phases appear in BaLn 2Mn 2O 7 family (Ln=rare earth) belonging to one of the Ruddlesden-Popper type compounds, depending upon the experimental conditions such as heating conditions when prepared and compositi...Many phases appear in BaLn 2Mn 2O 7 family (Ln=rare earth) belonging to one of the Ruddlesden-Popper type compounds, depending upon the experimental conditions such as heating conditions when prepared and composition. Some of these phases were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld analysis. These phases have only a little difference in crystal structure which has fundamentally K 2NiF 4 type structure, although the X-ray diffraction patterns are clearly different: a little deformation or tilting of the oxygen octahedron surrounding a central manganese ion composing the main frame of this structure induce these different diffraction patterns. Phase behavior of these compounds, mainly the detailed relation between various phases in BaTb 2Mn 2O 7, was refined including the data of high temperature X-ray diffractometry.展开更多
The magnetic properties and microstructure in a low cobalt Fe-25.5Cr-12Co alloy by different process of thermomagnetic treatment were investigated. It is found that magnetic properties are sensitive to parameters of t...The magnetic properties and microstructure in a low cobalt Fe-25.5Cr-12Co alloy by different process of thermomagnetic treatment were investigated. It is found that magnetic properties are sensitive to parameters of thermo- magnetic treatment process in magnetic field, including temperature, time and applied magnetic field. There are optimized isothermal aging temperature and time in different magnetic heat treatment conditions. High magnetic field strength could improve magnetic properties. Applied magnetic field has a great effect on microstructure of the Fe-25.5Cr-12Co alloy. The finer ferromagnetic d] particles with suitable c/a ratio by high magnetic field magnetic heat treatment are attributed to improvement the magnetic properties.展开更多
An antistatic agent of temary block co-polyester-ether-metalion chip(DC) and cationic dyeable polyester chip(CDPET)were produced by Dalian Institute of Light Indus-try．The melting point of DC was 224℃．The concentra...An antistatic agent of temary block co-polyester-ether-metalion chip(DC) and cationic dyeable polyester chip(CDPET)were produced by Dalian Institute of Light Indus-try．The melting point of DC was 224℃．The concentration of SIPM was 2％mol in CDPET．The intrinsic viscosity of CD-PET was 0．58dL／g and the melling point was 246℃．展开更多
Electroless Ni-P-Zn alloys deposited from alkali bath were investigated in this paper. The deposition bath contained nickel sulfate, zinc chloride and hypophosp hate. The process parameters, such as temperature, pH an...Electroless Ni-P-Zn alloys deposited from alkali bath were investigated in this paper. The deposition bath contained nickel sulfate, zinc chloride and hypophosp hate. The process parameters, such as temperature, pH and zinc salt concentratio n were presented and discussed. The microstructure of the coatings was studied b y XRD and SEM. The cathode glowing discharge characters of Ni-P-Zn depositions w ere studied with luminous Neon lamps. Electrodes deposited by electroless Ni-P a lloys were apt to sputter during luminous working hours. Electroless Ni-P-Zn dep ositions improved the discharge characters of the electrodes. With the concentra tion of zinc in the deposition rising to 4wt%, electrode sputter was largely res trained. The thickness of the deposition also influenced the discharge character s of the electrode. To avoid electrode sputter, the concentration of zinc has to rise with the thickness of the depositions.展开更多
Copper oxalate nanorods were successfully prepared by means of a simple one-step solid-state reaction method with the assistance of a suitable surfactant, polyethylene glycol 400. The product with uniform rod-like mor...Copper oxalate nanorods were successfully prepared by means of a simple one-step solid-state reaction method with the assistance of a suitable surfactant, polyethylene glycol 400. The product with uniform rod-like morphology was characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM. The formational mechanism of the rod-like structure was also preliminary discussed.展开更多
Fe(Ⅱ) complex Fe[HB(pz)_3]_2(compound 1, pz=pyrazole) and Ni(Ⅱ) complex Ni[HB(pz)_3]_2(compound 2) have been obtained by the reaction of MCI_2(M=Fe and Ni) with NaHB(pz)_3 in MeOH. The two complexes(compounds 1 and ...Fe(Ⅱ) complex Fe[HB(pz)_3]_2(compound 1, pz=pyrazole) and Ni(Ⅱ) complex Ni[HB(pz)_3]_2(compound 2) have been obtained by the reaction of MCI_2(M=Fe and Ni) with NaHB(pz)_3 in MeOH. The two complexes(compounds 1 and 2) were characterized by IR, NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in space group P2_1/c with a=1.224(3) nm, b=1.161(2) nm, c=1.648(3) nm, β=107.62(15)°, V=2.233(8) nm3, Z=2. Compound 2 crystallizes in space group P2_1/c with a=0.97926(18) nm, b= 1.7423(3) nm, c=1.3156(2) nm, β=97.055(16)°, V=2.2277(7) nm3, Z=4. The results of X-ray structural analyses show that both compounds 1 and 2 are monomeric neutral, possessing a similar coordination mode and a similar structure around the metal centers. The related spectral characterizations, steric effects and binding properties are discussed.展开更多
The temperature dependence of exchange bias and coercivity in a ferromagnetic layer coupled with an antiferromagnetic layer is discussed.In this model,the temperature dependence comes from the thermal instability of t...The temperature dependence of exchange bias and coercivity in a ferromagnetic layer coupled with an antiferromagnetic layer is discussed.In this model,the temperature dependence comes from the thermal instability of the system states and the temperature modulated relative magnetic parameters.Morever,the thermal fluctuation of orientations of easy axes of antiferromagnetic grains at preparing has been considered.From the present model,the experimental results can be illustrated qualitatively for available magnetic parameters.Based on our discussion,we can conclude that soft ferromagnetic layer coupled by hard antiferromagnetic layer may be very applicable to design magnetic devices.In special exchange coupling,we can get high exchange bias and low coercivity almost independent of temperature for proper temperature ranges.展开更多
文摘Composite polyurethane(PU)-SiO_2 hollow fiber membranes were successfully prepared via optimizing thetechnique of dry-jet wet spinning,and their pressure-responsibilities were confirmed by the relationships of pure water flux-transmembrane pressure(PWF-TP)for the first time.The origin for this phenomenon was analyzed on the basis of membranestructure and material characteristics.The effects of SiO_2 content on the structure and properties of membrane wereinvestigated.The experimental results indicated that SiO_2 in membrane created a great many interfacial micro-voids andplayed an important role in pressure-responsibility,PWF and rejection of membrane:with the increase of SiO_2 content,theability of membrane recovery weakened,PWF increased,and rejection decreased slightly.
文摘The chemisorption properties of N^18O adsorption on TiO2(110) surface were investigated by experimental and theoretical methods. The results of temperature programmed desorption (TPD) indicated that the temperatures of the three desorption peaks of the main N2 molecules were at (low) temperature of 230 K, 450 K, and (high) temperature of 980 K. This meant that N^18O decomposed and recombined during the process of N2 desorption after N^18O was exposed. Analysis of thestable combination and orbital theory calculation of the surface reaction of NO adsorption on the TiO2(110) cluster modelshowed that there was clear preference for the Ti-NO orientation.
文摘Among complex oxides containing rare earth and manganese BaLn_2Mn_2O_7 (Ln=rare earth) with the layered perovskite type and Ln_2(Mn, M)O_7 with pyrochlore-related structure were studied since these compounds show many kinds of phases and unique phase transitions. In BaLn_2Mn_2O_7 there appear many phases, depending on the synthetic conditions for each rare earth. The tetragonal phase of so-called Ruddlesden-Popper type is the fundamental structure and many kinds of deformed modification of this structure are obtained. For BaEu_2Mn_2O_7 at least five phases have been identified from the results of X-ray diffraction analysis with the space group P4_2/mnm, Fmmm, Immm and A2/m in addition to the fundamental tetragonal I4/mmm phase. In the pyrochlore-related type compounds, Ln_2Mn_(2-x)M_xO_7 (M=Ta, Nb, W etc), there also appear several phases with different crystal structures. With regard to every rare earth, Ln_2MnTaO_7 phase is stable only for excess Ta and can be obtained under high oxygen partial pressure process. This group has trigonal structure with zirkelite type (P3_121 space group). On the other hand Ln_2Mn_(2/3)Nb_(4/3)O_7 phase has monoclinic (C2/c space group) and zirconolite type structure. All of these structural models have the fundamental structure based on HTB (hexagonal tungsten bronze) layers formed by the arrangement of oxygen octahedra.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.6 0 1710 0 8) and Shanghai Science and TechnologyCom mittee(No.0 2 14 nm0 0 5 )
文摘The crystal structure of tetrakis[(pyrrol-1-yl)methyl]methane was determined by X-ray diffraction measurement, and the result shows that it belongs to monoclinic crystal system, space group is P2 1/n, with a=0.9284(3) nm, b=1.0950(6) nm, c=1.8749(8) nm; α=γ= 90.00(4)°, β=103.63(3)°, V=1.8523(14) nm 3, Z=4, ρ calcd. =1.192 kg/m 3, μ=0.072 nm -1 , F(000)=712, R 1=0.0854, wR 2=0.1884. It has been found that the molecules exist in two enantiomeric states. Enantioselective self-assemblies such as one-dimensional molecular stacks in a single handedness, homochiral monolayers and a chiral superlattice are specified in this racemic crystal. In addition, a simple technique is advocated to distinguish chiral states from tetrahedral molecules in the solid state. The present R/S nomenclature of the tetracooradinated carbon centers is used solely for its convenience to distinguish the two enantiomeric states, but not used to determine the absolute configurations.
文摘A new type of long periodic structure has been found in ZrO2-Y2O3 ceramics in annealed states. High resolution electron microscopy (HREM), selected area electron diffraction, and computer simulation have been used to reveal the presence of the long periodic structure. The unit cell of the long periodic structure consists of a cubic ZrO2 unit cell and L10- like phase one.
基金Financial support from Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(grants No.20011044)Youth Technologic Foundation of Shanxi Province(grants No.20041023)is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘In this paper, we deposited carbides on copper substrate by High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying. The structure of the coating and microstructure of the substrate-coating interface have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We observed the worn surface of the coating and investigated the wear mechanism. The results show that the microstructure of the interface between HVOF sprayed coating and substrate which consists of the amorphous layers, nanocrystalls in the coating and dislocation cells in copper substrate, etc. is complex. The amorphous layers are formed from heated adhesion after rapidly cooling, while the nanocrystalls come from the fragmentation of half-molten carbides. At the same time we found that the wear-resistant properties of the WC-Co coating is better than that of Cr3C2-NiCr coating at room temperature. The early wear-resistance of the HVOF sprayed coating is poor because of the roughness of its surface or bad bond of hard composite particles. The high velocity of molten droplets is propitious to fill up the interspaces between carbides, so as to make the coating more compact and reduce its porosities, thus the wear-resistance of carbides coatings is improved.
文摘Many phases appear in BaLn 2Mn 2O 7 family (Ln=rare earth) belonging to one of the Ruddlesden-Popper type compounds, depending upon the experimental conditions such as heating conditions when prepared and composition. Some of these phases were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction method using Rietveld analysis. These phases have only a little difference in crystal structure which has fundamentally K 2NiF 4 type structure, although the X-ray diffraction patterns are clearly different: a little deformation or tilting of the oxygen octahedron surrounding a central manganese ion composing the main frame of this structure induce these different diffraction patterns. Phase behavior of these compounds, mainly the detailed relation between various phases in BaTb 2Mn 2O 7, was refined including the data of high temperature X-ray diffractometry.
文摘The magnetic properties and microstructure in a low cobalt Fe-25.5Cr-12Co alloy by different process of thermomagnetic treatment were investigated. It is found that magnetic properties are sensitive to parameters of thermo- magnetic treatment process in magnetic field, including temperature, time and applied magnetic field. There are optimized isothermal aging temperature and time in different magnetic heat treatment conditions. High magnetic field strength could improve magnetic properties. Applied magnetic field has a great effect on microstructure of the Fe-25.5Cr-12Co alloy. The finer ferromagnetic d] particles with suitable c/a ratio by high magnetic field magnetic heat treatment are attributed to improvement the magnetic properties.
文摘An antistatic agent of temary block co-polyester-ether-metalion chip(DC) and cationic dyeable polyester chip(CDPET)were produced by Dalian Institute of Light Indus-try．The melting point of DC was 224℃．The concentration of SIPM was 2％mol in CDPET．The intrinsic viscosity of CD-PET was 0．58dL／g and the melling point was 246℃．
文摘Electroless Ni-P-Zn alloys deposited from alkali bath were investigated in this paper. The deposition bath contained nickel sulfate, zinc chloride and hypophosp hate. The process parameters, such as temperature, pH and zinc salt concentratio n were presented and discussed. The microstructure of the coatings was studied b y XRD and SEM. The cathode glowing discharge characters of Ni-P-Zn depositions w ere studied with luminous Neon lamps. Electrodes deposited by electroless Ni-P a lloys were apt to sputter during luminous working hours. Electroless Ni-P-Zn dep ositions improved the discharge characters of the electrodes. With the concentra tion of zinc in the deposition rising to 4wt%, electrode sputter was largely res trained. The thickness of the deposition also influenced the discharge character s of the electrode. To avoid electrode sputter, the concentration of zinc has to rise with the thickness of the depositions.
文摘Copper oxalate nanorods were successfully prepared by means of a simple one-step solid-state reaction method with the assistance of a suitable surfactant, polyethylene glycol 400. The product with uniform rod-like morphology was characterized by XRD, TEM and SEM. The formational mechanism of the rod-like structure was also preliminary discussed.
文摘Fe(Ⅱ) complex Fe[HB(pz)_3]_2(compound 1, pz=pyrazole) and Ni(Ⅱ) complex Ni[HB(pz)_3]_2(compound 2) have been obtained by the reaction of MCI_2(M=Fe and Ni) with NaHB(pz)_3 in MeOH. The two complexes(compounds 1 and 2) were characterized by IR, NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 crystallizes in space group P2_1/c with a=1.224(3) nm, b=1.161(2) nm, c=1.648(3) nm, β=107.62(15)°, V=2.233(8) nm3, Z=2. Compound 2 crystallizes in space group P2_1/c with a=0.97926(18) nm, b= 1.7423(3) nm, c=1.3156(2) nm, β=97.055(16)°, V=2.2277(7) nm3, Z=4. The results of X-ray structural analyses show that both compounds 1 and 2 are monomeric neutral, possessing a similar coordination mode and a similar structure around the metal centers. The related spectral characterizations, steric effects and binding properties are discussed.
文摘The temperature dependence of exchange bias and coercivity in a ferromagnetic layer coupled with an antiferromagnetic layer is discussed.In this model,the temperature dependence comes from the thermal instability of the system states and the temperature modulated relative magnetic parameters.Morever,the thermal fluctuation of orientations of easy axes of antiferromagnetic grains at preparing has been considered.From the present model,the experimental results can be illustrated qualitatively for available magnetic parameters.Based on our discussion,we can conclude that soft ferromagnetic layer coupled by hard antiferromagnetic layer may be very applicable to design magnetic devices.In special exchange coupling,we can get high exchange bias and low coercivity almost independent of temperature for proper temperature ranges.
