AIM: Survivin is a novel antiapoptotic gene in which three splicing variants have been recently cloned and characterized. Survivin has been found to be abundantly expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies, whe...AIM: Survivin is a novel antiapoptotic gene in which three splicing variants have been recently cloned and characterized. Survivin has been found to be abundantly expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies, whereas it is undetectable in normal adult tissues. We aimed to study the expression of three survivin splicing variants in gastric cancer, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of the expression of survivin variants in gastric cancer.METHODS: Real time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression of survivin variants in 79 paired tumors and normal gastric mucosa samples at the mRNA level. Proliferative and apoptotic activity was measured using Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis and the TUNEL method, respectively. RESULTS: All the cases tested expressed wild-type survivin mRNA, which was not only the dominant transcript, but also a poor prognostic biomarker (P=0.003). Nonantiapoptostic survivin-2B mRNA was correlated with tumor stage (P=0.001), histological type (P=0.004), and depth of tumor invasion (P=0.041), while survivin-△Ex3 mRNA showed a significant association with apoptosis (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Wild-type survivin mRNA expression levels are of important prognostic value and significant participation of survivin-2B and survivin-△Ex3 is suggested in gastric cancer development.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor and the effects of GnRH analog(alarelin) on proliferation of cultured gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMC) of rats. METHODS: Immunohis...AIM: To investigate the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor and the effects of GnRH analog(alarelin) on proliferation of cultured gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMC) of rats. METHODS: Immunohistochemical ABC methods and in situ hybridization methods were used to dectect protein and mRNA expression of GnRH receptor in GSMC, respectively. Techniques of cell culture, OD value of MTT test, measure of ^3H-TdR incorporation, average fluorescent values of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and flow cytometric DNA analysis were used in the experiment. RESULTS: The cultured GSMC of rats showed immunoreactivity for GnRH receptor; positive staining was located in cytoplasm. GnRH receptor mRNA hybridized signals were also detected in cytoplasm. When alarelin (10^-9, 10^-7, 10^-5 mol/L) was administered into the medium and incubated for 24 h, OD value of MTT, ^3H-TdR incorporation and average fluorescent values of PCNA all decreased significantly as compared with the control group (P<0.05). The maximum inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was achieved a concentration of 10s mol/L and it acted in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that alarelin could significantly enhance ratio of G1 phase and decrease ratio of S phase of GSMC of rats (P<0.05).The maximum inhibitory effect on ratio of S phase was at the concentration of 10-s mol/L and also acted in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that GnRH receptor can be expressed by GSMC of rats. GnRH analogue can directly inhibit proliferation and DNA synthesis of rat GSMC through GnRH receptors.展开更多
AIM: To assess the putative involvement of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and the therapeutic efficacy of indomethacin (IND)on cachexia.METHODS: Thirty young male BABL/c mi...AIM: To assess the putative involvement of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and the therapeutic efficacy of indomethacin (IND)on cachexia.METHODS: Thirty young male BABL/c mice were divided randomly into five groups: (a) control, (b) tumor-bearing murine were inoculated subcutaneously to induce cachexia.Saline and IND were given intraperitoneally daily for 7 days from the onset of cachexia to sacrifice. Food intake and body composition were documented, serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 and activity of NF-κB in the spleen were investigated in all animals.RESULTS: Weight loss was observed in all tumor-bearing mice. By day 16, body weights of non-tumor mice were about 72 % of healthy controls (P＜0.01), and the weight of gastrocnemius was decreased by 28.7 % (P＜0.01). No difference was found between groups in food intake (P＞0.05).Gastrocnemius weight was increased markedly (P＜0.01)body weights were not significantly elevated. Tumor-bearing caused a 2-3 fold increase in serum levels of both TNF-αand IL-6 (P＜0.01). The concentration of TNF-α (P＜0.05)and IL-6 (P＜0.01) in tumor-bearing mice was reduced after of IL-6 was slightly elevated following treatment of IND 2.0tumor-bearing mice in comparison with controls in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (ENSA). NF-κB activity a higher NF-κB activity was observed in mice treated with CONCLUSION: Colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells can induce severe cancer cachexia experimentally, and the mechanism may be partially due to the enhanced TNF-αand IL-6 in tumor-bearing animals, which is controlled by NF-κB. Low dose of indomethacin alleviates the cachexia,decreases the activation of NF-κB and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and prevents body weight loss and muscle atrophy, while no further effect is gained by a higher dosage.展开更多
The main active components of Shenfu injection (SFI), an extract of traditional Chinese herbs, are ginsenoside and higenamine. Ginsenoside can improve ischemic myocardium metabolism, scavenge free radicals, protect my...The main active components of Shenfu injection (SFI), an extract of traditional Chinese herbs, are ginsenoside and higenamine. Ginsenoside can improve ischemic myocardium metabolism, scavenge free radicals, protect myocardial ultrastructure and reduce Ca^(2+) overload. Higenamine can enhance heart contractility, improve coronary circulation and decrease the effect of acute myocardial ischemia. SFI was found to have had some cardiac protective effect during cardiopulmonary bypass.^(1,2) SFI was added into St. Thomas crystal cardioplegic solution in this study to investigate the protective effect of SFI on ischemic-reperfused rabbit heart and to observe the influence on mitochondrial oxygen free radical (OFR), Ca^(2+) and mitochondrial ultrastructure.展开更多
Cardiomyopeptidin (CMP), a small molecular polypeptide, is a new drug extracted from pig myocardium. Recently, evidence of its protective effect on myocardium injured by ischemia or anoxia has appeared.^(1,2) Neurons ...Cardiomyopeptidin (CMP), a small molecular polypeptide, is a new drug extracted from pig myocardium. Recently, evidence of its protective effect on myocardium injured by ischemia or anoxia has appeared.^(1,2) Neurons are also vulnerable to ischemia/anoxia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotection of CMP in an anoxic model, which was the cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro, and to determine the relationship between CMP and expression of Bcl-2.展开更多
Some basic experiments in vivo have confirmed that propofol is capable of providing neuroprotection.^(1,2) Using cultured neurons, interference produced by multiple factors under in vivo situations could be eliminated...Some basic experiments in vivo have confirmed that propofol is capable of providing neuroprotection.^(1,2) Using cultured neurons, interference produced by multiple factors under in vivo situations could be eliminated, and the direct effects of propofol on neurons under anoxia/reoxygenation conditions could be observed. Evenso, there are not many in vitro experiments about propofol’s neuroprotection and only two are about anoxia of hippocampal slices and cultured hippocampal neurons.^(3,4) However, the concentrations of propofol used in those studies (20 μg/ml, 50 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L) significantly exceeded the concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid under the clinically relevant concentrations in blood.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30271483Grant-in-Aid from the Japanese Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science,and Technology of Japan,No.13470262
文摘AIM: Survivin is a novel antiapoptotic gene in which three splicing variants have been recently cloned and characterized. Survivin has been found to be abundantly expressed in a wide variety of human malignancies, whereas it is undetectable in normal adult tissues. We aimed to study the expression of three survivin splicing variants in gastric cancer, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of the expression of survivin variants in gastric cancer.METHODS: Real time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze the expression of survivin variants in 79 paired tumors and normal gastric mucosa samples at the mRNA level. Proliferative and apoptotic activity was measured using Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis and the TUNEL method, respectively. RESULTS: All the cases tested expressed wild-type survivin mRNA, which was not only the dominant transcript, but also a poor prognostic biomarker (P=0.003). Nonantiapoptostic survivin-2B mRNA was correlated with tumor stage (P=0.001), histological type (P=0.004), and depth of tumor invasion (P=0.041), while survivin-△Ex3 mRNA showed a significant association with apoptosis (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Wild-type survivin mRNA expression levels are of important prognostic value and significant participation of survivin-2B and survivin-△Ex3 is suggested in gastric cancer development.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China,No.39770388
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor and the effects of GnRH analog(alarelin) on proliferation of cultured gastric smooth muscle cells (GSMC) of rats. METHODS: Immunohistochemical ABC methods and in situ hybridization methods were used to dectect protein and mRNA expression of GnRH receptor in GSMC, respectively. Techniques of cell culture, OD value of MTT test, measure of ^3H-TdR incorporation, average fluorescent values of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and flow cytometric DNA analysis were used in the experiment. RESULTS: The cultured GSMC of rats showed immunoreactivity for GnRH receptor; positive staining was located in cytoplasm. GnRH receptor mRNA hybridized signals were also detected in cytoplasm. When alarelin (10^-9, 10^-7, 10^-5 mol/L) was administered into the medium and incubated for 24 h, OD value of MTT, ^3H-TdR incorporation and average fluorescent values of PCNA all decreased significantly as compared with the control group (P<0.05). The maximum inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was achieved a concentration of 10s mol/L and it acted in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometric DNA analysis revealed that alarelin could significantly enhance ratio of G1 phase and decrease ratio of S phase of GSMC of rats (P<0.05).The maximum inhibitory effect on ratio of S phase was at the concentration of 10-s mol/L and also acted in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that GnRH receptor can be expressed by GSMC of rats. GnRH analogue can directly inhibit proliferation and DNA synthesis of rat GSMC through GnRH receptors.
文摘AIM: To assess the putative involvement of NF-κB and proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia and the therapeutic efficacy of indomethacin (IND)on cachexia.METHODS: Thirty young male BABL/c mice were divided randomly into five groups: (a) control, (b) tumor-bearing murine were inoculated subcutaneously to induce cachexia.Saline and IND were given intraperitoneally daily for 7 days from the onset of cachexia to sacrifice. Food intake and body composition were documented, serum levels of TNFα and IL-6 and activity of NF-κB in the spleen were investigated in all animals.RESULTS: Weight loss was observed in all tumor-bearing mice. By day 16, body weights of non-tumor mice were about 72 % of healthy controls (P＜0.01), and the weight of gastrocnemius was decreased by 28.7 % (P＜0.01). No difference was found between groups in food intake (P＞0.05).Gastrocnemius weight was increased markedly (P＜0.01)body weights were not significantly elevated. Tumor-bearing caused a 2-3 fold increase in serum levels of both TNF-αand IL-6 (P＜0.01). The concentration of TNF-α (P＜0.05)and IL-6 (P＜0.01) in tumor-bearing mice was reduced after of IL-6 was slightly elevated following treatment of IND 2.0tumor-bearing mice in comparison with controls in electrophoretic mobility shift assay (ENSA). NF-κB activity a higher NF-κB activity was observed in mice treated with CONCLUSION: Colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells can induce severe cancer cachexia experimentally, and the mechanism may be partially due to the enhanced TNF-αand IL-6 in tumor-bearing animals, which is controlled by NF-κB. Low dose of indomethacin alleviates the cachexia,decreases the activation of NF-κB and the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, and prevents body weight loss and muscle atrophy, while no further effect is gained by a higher dosage.
文摘The main active components of Shenfu injection (SFI), an extract of traditional Chinese herbs, are ginsenoside and higenamine. Ginsenoside can improve ischemic myocardium metabolism, scavenge free radicals, protect myocardial ultrastructure and reduce Ca^(2+) overload. Higenamine can enhance heart contractility, improve coronary circulation and decrease the effect of acute myocardial ischemia. SFI was found to have had some cardiac protective effect during cardiopulmonary bypass.^(1,2) SFI was added into St. Thomas crystal cardioplegic solution in this study to investigate the protective effect of SFI on ischemic-reperfused rabbit heart and to observe the influence on mitochondrial oxygen free radical (OFR), Ca^(2+) and mitochondrial ultrastructure.
文摘Cardiomyopeptidin (CMP), a small molecular polypeptide, is a new drug extracted from pig myocardium. Recently, evidence of its protective effect on myocardium injured by ischemia or anoxia has appeared.^(1,2) Neurons are also vulnerable to ischemia/anoxia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotection of CMP in an anoxic model, which was the cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro, and to determine the relationship between CMP and expression of Bcl-2.
文摘Some basic experiments in vivo have confirmed that propofol is capable of providing neuroprotection.^(1,2) Using cultured neurons, interference produced by multiple factors under in vivo situations could be eliminated, and the direct effects of propofol on neurons under anoxia/reoxygenation conditions could be observed. Evenso, there are not many in vitro experiments about propofol’s neuroprotection and only two are about anoxia of hippocampal slices and cultured hippocampal neurons.^(3,4) However, the concentrations of propofol used in those studies (20 μg/ml, 50 μmol/L and 500 μmol/L) significantly exceeded the concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid under the clinically relevant concentrations in blood.
