AIM： To study the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, cell proliferation, recurrence and prognosis afte...AIM： To study the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, cell proliferation, recurrence and prognosis after hepatectomy. METHODS： Immunohistochemical staining of survivin and Ki-67 was performed by the standard streptavidin- peroxidase technique on paraffin sections of 55 cases of HCC. RESULTS： The positive rate of survivin in HCC was 52.7% （29/55）. Significant correlation was found between survivin expression with portal vein thrombi and intrahepatic matastasistic nodes （P 〈 0.05）. The recurrent rate in survivin-positive HCC was significantly higher than that in survivin-negative HCC after hepatectomy, the 1- and 3-year survival rate in patients with survivin-positive tumors was significantly lower than that in patients with survivin-negative tumors （58.62 and 10.34% vs 76.92 and 30.77%, P 〈 0.05, log-rank test）. The proliferation index （Ki-67） in survivin-positive HCC （33.83% ± 18.90%） was significantly higher than that in survivin-negative HCC （19.60% ± 19.35%） （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Survivin may play an important role in progression of HCC by promoting cell proliferation, and may be positively correlated with high risk of disease recurrence and poor prognosis in HCC. Its expression may serve as a prognostic factor for patients with HCC after hepatectomy.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the expression and significance of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor （Cdx2） in gastric carcinoma （GC） and precancerous lesions. METHODS： The expression of Cdx2 in GC, precancer- ou...AIM： To investigate the expression and significance of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor （Cdx2） in gastric carcinoma （GC） and precancerous lesions. METHODS： The expression of Cdx2 in GC, precancer- ous lesions and normal gastric mucosa were detected using immunohistochemical method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, alcian blue/periodic acid-schiff and high iron diamine/alcian blue staining were used to classify intestinal metaplasia （IM） and GC. RESULTS： Cdx2 was not detected in normal gas- tric mucosa. Cdx2 expression was detected in 87.1% （101/116） of IM, 50% （36/72） of dysplasia and 48.2% （41/85） of GC. The Cdx2-expressing cells in IM were more prevalent than in dysplasia and carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. There was no relationship between Cdx2 ex- pression and the classification of IM or the degree of dysplasia. Expression of Cdx2 was significantly higher in intestinal-type carcinoma than in diffuse and mixed- type carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. Positive expression of Cdx2was mainly found in moderately to well differentiated GC. There was a negative association between nuclear Cdx2 expression and lymph node metastasis and tumor, nodes, metastasis stage of GC （P 〈 0.05）. The patients with Cdx2-positive expression showed a higher survival rate than those with Cdx2-negative expression （P = 0.038）. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expres- sion of Cdx2 and lymph node metastasis were indepen- dent prognostic indicators of GC （P 〈 0.05）.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the clinical features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR） mutations, and the treatment outcomes of EGFR tyrosine ...Objective： To investigate the clinical features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR） mutations, and the treatment outcomes of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors（TKIs） in these patients.Methods： We retrospectively analyzed the data of 128 NSCLC patients pathologically diagnosed with uncommon EGFR mutation in the Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015, including 40 advanced patients who received EGFR-TKI.Results： Among the total 128 patients, 11 patients were non-adenocarcinoma, including squamous carcinoma（3.9%）, adenosquamous carcinoma（2.3%）, large cell carcinoma（0.8%）, and composite neuroendocrine carcinoma（1.6%）. Single mutations accounted for 75.0%（96/128）, including G719X（29.7%）, S768I（18.0%）, 20 exon insertion（13.3%）, L861Q（12.5%）, De novo T790M（0.8%）, and T725（0.8%）. Thirty-two patients harbored complex mutations. Forty advanced patients received EGFR-TKI, the objective response rate（ORR） was 20.0%,the disease control rate（DCR） was 85.0%, and the progression-free survival（PFS） was 6.4 [95% confidence interval（95% CI）, 4.8–7.9] months. The exploratory analysis of tumor response and PFS in 33 patients with G719X/S768I/L861 Q subtypes showed that ORR was 21.2%（7/33）, the DCR was 93.9%（31/33）, and PFS was 7.6（95% CI, 5.8–9.4） months. Patients with exon 20 insertion mutation and De novo T790 M experienced rapid disease progression with PFS no more than 2.7 months.Conclusions： Uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLCs are heterogeneous, EGFR-TKIs can have different efficacy in this specific subtype, and thus further individual assessment is required for each case.展开更多
AIM： To transfect mutant C-kit cDNA at codon 579 into human embryonic kidney cell line to observe its role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST）. METHODS： Eukaryotic expression vectors of pc...AIM： To transfect mutant C-kit cDNA at codon 579 into human embryonic kidney cell line to observe its role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST）. METHODS： Eukaryotic expression vectors of pcDNA3- Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were constructed. Then pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W plasrnids were transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line by Upofectamine. The resistant clone was screened by G418 filtration and identified by sequencing, Western blotting, and immunocytochemical staining. Human embryonic kidney cells were divided into three groups including pcDNA3-Kit-NW, pcDNA3-Kit-W, and vector control groups. Absorbency value with a wavelength of 574 nm was detected by MTT analysis. Mice were injected with three groups of cells. Volume, mass, and histological examinations of the tumors in different groups were measured and compared. RESULTS： The C-kit gene and mutant C-kit gene were successfully cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were successfully transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line and showed stable expression in this cell line. Cell proliferating activity had significant differences between pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit- NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W （P〈0.05）, respectively. Tumors were only observed in nude mice implanted with cells transfected with pcDNA3-Kit-NW. CONCLUSION： Mutation of C-kit gene increases the proliferation activity of human cells and plays an important role in the malignant transformation of GIST.展开更多
The clinical characteristics of undifferentiated(embryonal) sarcoma of the liver(UESL) were investigated and the best treatment modalities were recommended.Both histology and immuno-histochemistry demonstrated the cel...The clinical characteristics of undifferentiated(embryonal) sarcoma of the liver(UESL) were investigated and the best treatment modalities were recommended.Both histology and immuno-histochemistry demonstrated the cellular features of this peculiar tumor.The tumor size was 12 cm × 9 cm × 8 cm in the right liver lobe.The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor.The postoperative recovery was uneventful and she died eight months after diagnosis.The tumor showed mixed spindle and polygonal cells within the myxoid matrix.Some tumor cells contained eosinophilic hyaline globules that were positive for resistant diastase.Immunohistochemistry showed positive vimentin.Stellate and spindle cells were positively stained with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin(AACT) and CD68.This case indicates that UESL is not obviously differentiated in old-aged adults.展开更多
An aortic aneurysm(AA) is a silent but life-threatening disease that involves rupture. It occurs mainly in aging and severe atherosclerotic damage of the aortic wall. Even though surgical intervention is effective to ...An aortic aneurysm(AA) is a silent but life-threatening disease that involves rupture. It occurs mainly in aging and severe atherosclerotic damage of the aortic wall. Even though surgical intervention is effective to prevent rupture, surgery for the thoracic and thoraco-abdom-inal aorta is an invasive procedure with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, an alternative strategy for treatment of AA is required. Recently, the molecular pathology of AA has been clarified. AA is caused by an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrices in the aortic wall. Chronic inflam-mation enhances the degradation of matrices directly and indirectly, making control of the chronic inflamma-tion crucial for aneurysmal development. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are known to be ob-tained from an adult population and to differentiate into various types of cells. In addition, MSCs have not only the potential anti-inflammatory and immunosuppres-sive properties but also can be recruited into damagedtissue. MSCs have been widely used as a source for celltherapy to treat various diseases involving graft-versus-host disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronicinflammatory disease such as Crohn's disease clinically.Therefore, administration of MSCs might be availableto treat AA using anti-inflammatory and immnosup-pressive properties. This review provides a summary ofseveral studies on "Cell Therapy for Aortic Aneurysm"including our recent data, and we also discuss the pos-sibility of this kind of treatment.展开更多
Microvesicular pneumatosis intestinalis, also called 'pseudolipomatosis' for resembling fatty infiltration, is characterized by the presence of small gas voids in the gastrointestinal wall, especially in mucos...Microvesicular pneumatosis intestinalis, also called 'pseudolipomatosis' for resembling fatty infiltration, is characterized by the presence of small gas voids in the gastrointestinal wall, especially in mucosa. These voids are not lined with epithelia. There are few reported cases about colon, duodenum and skin. Because there is only one case report about pseudolipomatosis in the stomach, we reevaluated 909 endoscopic biopsies taken from gastric corpus to check the presence of pseudolipomatosis. We determined pseudolipomatosis foci in 3 percent (n=27) of biopsies. In two cases there were pseudolipomatosis foci in endoscopic biopsies having otherwise normal histologic findings, while there were pseudolipomatosis foci in endoscopic biopsies of 25 patients with gastritis. H pylori was found in 85 % of biopsies having pseudolipomatosis foci. In this study, we presented some histopathologic characteristics of pseudolipomatosis seen in gastric mucosa.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance and to explore its relationship with cell proliferation. METHODS: Express...AIM: To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance and to explore its relationship with cell proliferation. METHODS: Expressions of IGFBP-2 and Ki-67 in 118 cases of gastric carcinoma and 40 cases of normal gastric mucosa were detected by EnVision immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: Expression of IGFBP-2 in gastric carcinoma was higher than that in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.01). There was no difference between high- and low-grade gastric carcinoma (P > 0.05). Expression of IGFBP-2 in advanced gastric carcinoma was higher than that in early gastric carcinoma (P < 0.05). Expression of IGFBP-2 in gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). IGFBP-2 expression was a positively related to the clinical stage of gastric carcinoma (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between IGFBP-2 and Ki-67 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: IGFBP-2 may be involved in carcino- genesis and progression of gastric carcinoma by promoting cell proliferation.展开更多
Arteriovenous malformation is a well-known cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly and usually appears as flat or elevated bright red lesions endoscopically. Here we present a 59-year-old woman with a ...Arteriovenous malformation is a well-known cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly and usually appears as flat or elevated bright red lesions endoscopically. Here we present a 59-year-old woman with a large fungating polypoid mass in the transverse colon. Histologically, the larger vessels were located mainly in the submucosa, and smaller vessels were also observed within the mucosa. Verhoeff s elastic stain showed internal and external elastic lamina in the malformed vessels. We report an extremely rare case of a large, pedunculated,polypoid arterioveneous malformation with the first description of our complete pathological findings.展开更多
Background:Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women gobally.Although human paillonavinus(HPV)testing plays an increasing role in cervical cancer screening and treatment,HPV-negative cervical cancer re...Background:Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women gobally.Although human paillonavinus(HPV)testing plays an increasing role in cervical cancer screening and treatment,HPV-negative cervical cancer remains a consistenty reported entity globally.Whle numerous studies have focused on HPV-positve cervical cancers,detailed studies on HPV-negative counterparts remain limited.Results:This literature review aims to discuss several aspects of HPV-negative cervical cancers including the prevalence of HPV-negative cervical carcinomas and precancerous lesions and their relation to sample types(parffin-embedded tsse blocks or liquid samples).Addionally.we explore possible reasons for false HPV-negative cases.Furthermore,we review histomorphological,molecular and cdinical features of HPV-negative cervical cancers.Conclusions:The topic of HPV-negative cervical cancers is of importance given the drive towards HPV primary screening,itition of self-collected HPV testing and widespread use of HPV vaccination.展开更多
Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize distinct microbial components to initiate the innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR activation culminates in the expression of appropriate pro-inflammatory and immunomodulato...Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize distinct microbial components to initiate the innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR activation culminates in the expression of appropriate pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors to meet pathogenic challenges. The transcription factor NF-kB is the master regulator of all TLR-induced responses and its activation is the pivotal event in TLR-mediated activation of the innate immune response. Many of the key molecular events required for TLR-induced NF-r.B activation have been elucidated. However, much remain to be learned about the ability of TLRs to generate pathogen-specific responses using a limited number of transcription factors. This review will focus on our current understanding of NF-kB activation by TLRs and potential mechanisms for achieving a signal-specific response through NF-kB. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2007;4（1）：31-41.展开更多
Background:Amyloid beta peptide(Aβ)is the main component of extraneuronal senile plaques typical of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)brains.Although Aβis produced by normal neurons,it is shown to accumulate in large amounts ...Background:Amyloid beta peptide(Aβ)is the main component of extraneuronal senile plaques typical of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)brains.Although Aβis produced by normal neurons,it is shown to accumulate in large amounts within neuronal lysosomes in AD.We have recently shown that under normal conditions the majority of Aβis localized extralysosomally,while oxidative stress significantly increases intralysosomal Aβcontent through activation of macroautophagy.It is also suggested that impaired Aβsecretion and resulting intraneuronal increase of Aβcan contribute to AD pathology.However,it is not clear how Aβis distributed inside normal neurons,and how this distribution is effected when Aβsecretion is inhibited.Methods:Using retinoic acid differentiated neuroblastoma cells and neonatal rat cortical neurons,we studied intracellular distribution of Aβby double immunofluorescence microscopy for Aβ40 or Aβ42 and different organelle markers.In addition,we analysed the effect of tetanus toxin-induced exocytosis inhibition on the intracellular distribution of Aβ.Results:Under normal conditions,Aβwas found in the small cytoplasmic granules in both neurites and perikarya.Only minor portion of Aβwas colocalized with trans-Golgi network,Golgi-derived vesicles,early and late endosomes,lysosomes,and synaptic vesicles,while the majority of Aβgranules were not colocalized with any of these structures.Furthermore,treatment of cells with tetanus toxin significantly increased the amount of intracellular Aβin both perikarya and neurites.Finally,we found that tetanus toxin increased the levels of intralysosomal Aβalthough the majority of Aβstill remained extralysosomally.Conclusion:Our results indicate that most Aβis not localized to Golgi-related structures,endosomes,lysosomes secretory vesicles or other organelles,while the suppression of Aβsecretion increases intracellular intra-and extralysosomal Aβ.展开更多
Background Re-epithelialization has remained a major obstacle in both tracheal and lung transplantations.This study examines the realization of re-epithelialization by epithelial inoculation in a rat heterotopic trach...Background Re-epithelialization has remained a major obstacle in both tracheal and lung transplantations.This study examines the realization of re-epithelialization by epithelial inoculation in a rat heterotopic tracheal transplantation model.Methods The original epithelia of tracheas from donor Wistar rats were removed and the tracheas were then inoculated with 106/ml in vitro cultured epithelial cells of the Spraque-Dawley （SD） rat phenotype.These allo-tracheas were then heterotopically transplanted into SD rats.After 28 days,the allo-trachea tissues were recovered and assessed for epithelial morphology and cellular differentiation using immunohistochemical analysis.An additional experimental group was used to compare the outcomes of re-epithelialization in immunosuppressed animals.Results Histological examination showed that allografts with epithelial inoculation maintained patent tracheal lumens,which were obliterated in controls.Recipient immunosuppression facilitated the formation of an integrated ciliated epithelial layer,further demonstrated by the presence of a dense cilia population,a well-developed plasma membrane,and readily recognizable intercellular junctions.Epithelial cellular differentiation markers such as cytokeratin 14 and 18,and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR） were all positive in allografts under immunosuppression.Conclusion Concurrent recipient-derived epithelial inoculation with immunosuppression can result in complete reepithelialization with the recipient phenotype and suppress the luminal obliteration process in heterotopic transplantations.展开更多
文摘AIM： To study the expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, and its correlation with clinicopathological factors, cell proliferation, recurrence and prognosis after hepatectomy. METHODS： Immunohistochemical staining of survivin and Ki-67 was performed by the standard streptavidin- peroxidase technique on paraffin sections of 55 cases of HCC. RESULTS： The positive rate of survivin in HCC was 52.7% （29/55）. Significant correlation was found between survivin expression with portal vein thrombi and intrahepatic matastasistic nodes （P 〈 0.05）. The recurrent rate in survivin-positive HCC was significantly higher than that in survivin-negative HCC after hepatectomy, the 1- and 3-year survival rate in patients with survivin-positive tumors was significantly lower than that in patients with survivin-negative tumors （58.62 and 10.34% vs 76.92 and 30.77%, P 〈 0.05, log-rank test）. The proliferation index （Ki-67） in survivin-positive HCC （33.83% ± 18.90%） was significantly higher than that in survivin-negative HCC （19.60% ± 19.35%） （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Survivin may play an important role in progression of HCC by promoting cell proliferation, and may be positively correlated with high risk of disease recurrence and poor prognosis in HCC. Its expression may serve as a prognostic factor for patients with HCC after hepatectomy.
基金Supported by The Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,No. 090413118
文摘AIM： To investigate the expression and significance of caudal-related homeobox transcription factor （Cdx2） in gastric carcinoma （GC） and precancerous lesions. METHODS： The expression of Cdx2 in GC, precancer- ous lesions and normal gastric mucosa were detected using immunohistochemical method. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, alcian blue/periodic acid-schiff and high iron diamine/alcian blue staining were used to classify intestinal metaplasia （IM） and GC. RESULTS： Cdx2 was not detected in normal gas- tric mucosa. Cdx2 expression was detected in 87.1% （101/116） of IM, 50% （36/72） of dysplasia and 48.2% （41/85） of GC. The Cdx2-expressing cells in IM were more prevalent than in dysplasia and carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. There was no relationship between Cdx2 ex- pression and the classification of IM or the degree of dysplasia. Expression of Cdx2 was significantly higher in intestinal-type carcinoma than in diffuse and mixed- type carcinoma （P 〈 0.05）. Positive expression of Cdx2was mainly found in moderately to well differentiated GC. There was a negative association between nuclear Cdx2 expression and lymph node metastasis and tumor, nodes, metastasis stage of GC （P 〈 0.05）. The patients with Cdx2-positive expression showed a higher survival rate than those with Cdx2-negative expression （P = 0.038）. Multivariate analysis revealed that the expres- sion of Cdx2 and lymph node metastasis were indepen- dent prognostic indicators of GC （P 〈 0.05）.
基金supported by the funding from Chinese Geriatric Oncology Society (CGOS) (No. H08151)
文摘Objective： To investigate the clinical features of patients with non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） harboring uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR） mutations, and the treatment outcomes of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors（TKIs） in these patients.Methods： We retrospectively analyzed the data of 128 NSCLC patients pathologically diagnosed with uncommon EGFR mutation in the Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015, including 40 advanced patients who received EGFR-TKI.Results： Among the total 128 patients, 11 patients were non-adenocarcinoma, including squamous carcinoma（3.9%）, adenosquamous carcinoma（2.3%）, large cell carcinoma（0.8%）, and composite neuroendocrine carcinoma（1.6%）. Single mutations accounted for 75.0%（96/128）, including G719X（29.7%）, S768I（18.0%）, 20 exon insertion（13.3%）, L861Q（12.5%）, De novo T790M（0.8%）, and T725（0.8%）. Thirty-two patients harbored complex mutations. Forty advanced patients received EGFR-TKI, the objective response rate（ORR） was 20.0%,the disease control rate（DCR） was 85.0%, and the progression-free survival（PFS） was 6.4 [95% confidence interval（95% CI）, 4.8–7.9] months. The exploratory analysis of tumor response and PFS in 33 patients with G719X/S768I/L861 Q subtypes showed that ORR was 21.2%（7/33）, the DCR was 93.9%（31/33）, and PFS was 7.6（95% CI, 5.8–9.4） months. Patients with exon 20 insertion mutation and De novo T790 M experienced rapid disease progression with PFS no more than 2.7 months.Conclusions： Uncommon EGFR-mutant NSCLCs are heterogeneous, EGFR-TKIs can have different efficacy in this specific subtype, and thus further individual assessment is required for each case.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 30070743 and No. 30471702
文摘AIM： To transfect mutant C-kit cDNA at codon 579 into human embryonic kidney cell line to observe its role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor （GIST）. METHODS： Eukaryotic expression vectors of pcDNA3- Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were constructed. Then pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W plasrnids were transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line by Upofectamine. The resistant clone was screened by G418 filtration and identified by sequencing, Western blotting, and immunocytochemical staining. Human embryonic kidney cells were divided into three groups including pcDNA3-Kit-NW, pcDNA3-Kit-W, and vector control groups. Absorbency value with a wavelength of 574 nm was detected by MTT analysis. Mice were injected with three groups of cells. Volume, mass, and histological examinations of the tumors in different groups were measured and compared. RESULTS： The C-kit gene and mutant C-kit gene were successfully cloned into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W were successfully transfected into human embryonic kidney cell line and showed stable expression in this cell line. Cell proliferating activity had significant differences between pcDNA3-Kit-NW and pcDNA3, pcDNA3-Kit- NW and pcDNA3-Kit-W （P〈0.05）, respectively. Tumors were only observed in nude mice implanted with cells transfected with pcDNA3-Kit-NW. CONCLUSION： Mutation of C-kit gene increases the proliferation activity of human cells and plays an important role in the malignant transformation of GIST.
基金Supported by The Key Oncologic Subject Foundation of Hebei Province (No.200552),China
文摘The clinical characteristics of undifferentiated(embryonal) sarcoma of the liver(UESL) were investigated and the best treatment modalities were recommended.Both histology and immuno-histochemistry demonstrated the cellular features of this peculiar tumor.The tumor size was 12 cm × 9 cm × 8 cm in the right liver lobe.The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor.The postoperative recovery was uneventful and she died eight months after diagnosis.The tumor showed mixed spindle and polygonal cells within the myxoid matrix.Some tumor cells contained eosinophilic hyaline globules that were positive for resistant diastase.Immunohistochemistry showed positive vimentin.Stellate and spindle cells were positively stained with alpha-1-antichymotrypsin(AACT) and CD68.This case indicates that UESL is not obviously differentiated in old-aged adults.
文摘An aortic aneurysm(AA) is a silent but life-threatening disease that involves rupture. It occurs mainly in aging and severe atherosclerotic damage of the aortic wall. Even though surgical intervention is effective to prevent rupture, surgery for the thoracic and thoraco-abdom-inal aorta is an invasive procedure with high mortality and morbidity. Therefore, an alternative strategy for treatment of AA is required. Recently, the molecular pathology of AA has been clarified. AA is caused by an imbalance between the synthesis and degradation of extracellular matrices in the aortic wall. Chronic inflam-mation enhances the degradation of matrices directly and indirectly, making control of the chronic inflamma-tion crucial for aneurysmal development. Meanwhile, mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) are known to be ob-tained from an adult population and to differentiate into various types of cells. In addition, MSCs have not only the potential anti-inflammatory and immunosuppres-sive properties but also can be recruited into damagedtissue. MSCs have been widely used as a source for celltherapy to treat various diseases involving graft-versus-host disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and chronicinflammatory disease such as Crohn's disease clinically.Therefore, administration of MSCs might be availableto treat AA using anti-inflammatory and immnosup-pressive properties. This review provides a summary ofseveral studies on "Cell Therapy for Aortic Aneurysm"including our recent data, and we also discuss the pos-sibility of this kind of treatment.
文摘Microvesicular pneumatosis intestinalis, also called 'pseudolipomatosis' for resembling fatty infiltration, is characterized by the presence of small gas voids in the gastrointestinal wall, especially in mucosa. These voids are not lined with epithelia. There are few reported cases about colon, duodenum and skin. Because there is only one case report about pseudolipomatosis in the stomach, we reevaluated 909 endoscopic biopsies taken from gastric corpus to check the presence of pseudolipomatosis. We determined pseudolipomatosis foci in 3 percent (n=27) of biopsies. In two cases there were pseudolipomatosis foci in endoscopic biopsies having otherwise normal histologic findings, while there were pseudolipomatosis foci in endoscopic biopsies of 25 patients with gastritis. H pylori was found in 85 % of biopsies having pseudolipomatosis foci. In this study, we presented some histopathologic characteristics of pseudolipomatosis seen in gastric mucosa.
基金Supported by the Department of Education and Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province, China, No. 2006KJ412B
文摘AIM: To investigate the expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance and to explore its relationship with cell proliferation. METHODS: Expressions of IGFBP-2 and Ki-67 in 118 cases of gastric carcinoma and 40 cases of normal gastric mucosa were detected by EnVision immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: Expression of IGFBP-2 in gastric carcinoma was higher than that in normal gastric mucosa (P < 0.01). There was no difference between high- and low-grade gastric carcinoma (P > 0.05). Expression of IGFBP-2 in advanced gastric carcinoma was higher than that in early gastric carcinoma (P < 0.05). Expression of IGFBP-2 in gastric carcinoma with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01). IGFBP-2 expression was a positively related to the clinical stage of gastric carcinoma (P < 0.01). There was a positive correlation between IGFBP-2 and Ki-67 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: IGFBP-2 may be involved in carcino- genesis and progression of gastric carcinoma by promoting cell proliferation.
文摘Arteriovenous malformation is a well-known cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly and usually appears as flat or elevated bright red lesions endoscopically. Here we present a 59-year-old woman with a large fungating polypoid mass in the transverse colon. Histologically, the larger vessels were located mainly in the submucosa, and smaller vessels were also observed within the mucosa. Verhoeff s elastic stain showed internal and external elastic lamina in the malformed vessels. We report an extremely rare case of a large, pedunculated,polypoid arterioveneous malformation with the first description of our complete pathological findings.
文摘Background:Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women gobally.Although human paillonavinus(HPV)testing plays an increasing role in cervical cancer screening and treatment,HPV-negative cervical cancer remains a consistenty reported entity globally.Whle numerous studies have focused on HPV-positve cervical cancers,detailed studies on HPV-negative counterparts remain limited.Results:This literature review aims to discuss several aspects of HPV-negative cervical cancers including the prevalence of HPV-negative cervical carcinomas and precancerous lesions and their relation to sample types(parffin-embedded tsse blocks or liquid samples).Addionally.we explore possible reasons for false HPV-negative cases.Furthermore,we review histomorphological,molecular and cdinical features of HPV-negative cervical cancers.Conclusions:The topic of HPV-negative cervical cancers is of importance given the drive towards HPV primary screening,itition of self-collected HPV testing and widespread use of HPV vaccination.
文摘Toll-like receptors （TLRs） recognize distinct microbial components to initiate the innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR activation culminates in the expression of appropriate pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory factors to meet pathogenic challenges. The transcription factor NF-kB is the master regulator of all TLR-induced responses and its activation is the pivotal event in TLR-mediated activation of the innate immune response. Many of the key molecular events required for TLR-induced NF-r.B activation have been elucidated. However, much remain to be learned about the ability of TLRs to generate pathogen-specific responses using a limited number of transcription factors. This review will focus on our current understanding of NF-kB activation by TLRs and potential mechanisms for achieving a signal-specific response through NF-kB. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2007;4（1）：31-41.
基金This work was supported by the Gustav V and Queen Victoria Foundation(JM),County Council of Ostergotland(JM,LZ,MH),Stiftelsen Olle Engkvist Byggmastare(LZ),Stiftelsen for Gamla Tjanarinnor(LZ,AC-M),Loo and Hans Ostermans foundation(LZ),Gun och Bertil Stohnes Stiftelse(LZ,AC-M),Lions Forskningsfond(LZ),Svenska Lundbeckstiftelsen(LZ),Karolinska Institute Fund for Geriatric Research(AC-M),Alice och Knut Wallenberg Stiftelse(AC-M),Swedish Alzheimer Foundation(MH)and The Swedish Brain Power(AC-M).
文摘Background:Amyloid beta peptide(Aβ)is the main component of extraneuronal senile plaques typical of Alzheimer’s disease(AD)brains.Although Aβis produced by normal neurons,it is shown to accumulate in large amounts within neuronal lysosomes in AD.We have recently shown that under normal conditions the majority of Aβis localized extralysosomally,while oxidative stress significantly increases intralysosomal Aβcontent through activation of macroautophagy.It is also suggested that impaired Aβsecretion and resulting intraneuronal increase of Aβcan contribute to AD pathology.However,it is not clear how Aβis distributed inside normal neurons,and how this distribution is effected when Aβsecretion is inhibited.Methods:Using retinoic acid differentiated neuroblastoma cells and neonatal rat cortical neurons,we studied intracellular distribution of Aβby double immunofluorescence microscopy for Aβ40 or Aβ42 and different organelle markers.In addition,we analysed the effect of tetanus toxin-induced exocytosis inhibition on the intracellular distribution of Aβ.Results:Under normal conditions,Aβwas found in the small cytoplasmic granules in both neurites and perikarya.Only minor portion of Aβwas colocalized with trans-Golgi network,Golgi-derived vesicles,early and late endosomes,lysosomes,and synaptic vesicles,while the majority of Aβgranules were not colocalized with any of these structures.Furthermore,treatment of cells with tetanus toxin significantly increased the amount of intracellular Aβin both perikarya and neurites.Finally,we found that tetanus toxin increased the levels of intralysosomal Aβalthough the majority of Aβstill remained extralysosomally.Conclusion:Our results indicate that most Aβis not localized to Golgi-related structures,endosomes,lysosomes secretory vesicles or other organelles,while the suppression of Aβsecretion increases intracellular intra-and extralysosomal Aβ.
文摘Background Re-epithelialization has remained a major obstacle in both tracheal and lung transplantations.This study examines the realization of re-epithelialization by epithelial inoculation in a rat heterotopic tracheal transplantation model.Methods The original epithelia of tracheas from donor Wistar rats were removed and the tracheas were then inoculated with 106/ml in vitro cultured epithelial cells of the Spraque-Dawley （SD） rat phenotype.These allo-tracheas were then heterotopically transplanted into SD rats.After 28 days,the allo-trachea tissues were recovered and assessed for epithelial morphology and cellular differentiation using immunohistochemical analysis.An additional experimental group was used to compare the outcomes of re-epithelialization in immunosuppressed animals.Results Histological examination showed that allografts with epithelial inoculation maintained patent tracheal lumens,which were obliterated in controls.Recipient immunosuppression facilitated the formation of an integrated ciliated epithelial layer,further demonstrated by the presence of a dense cilia population,a well-developed plasma membrane,and readily recognizable intercellular junctions.Epithelial cellular differentiation markers such as cytokeratin 14 and 18,and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator （CFTR） were all positive in allografts under immunosuppression.Conclusion Concurrent recipient-derived epithelial inoculation with immunosuppression can result in complete reepithelialization with the recipient phenotype and suppress the luminal obliteration process in heterotopic transplantations.
