Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providin...Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providing comprehensive insights into health and disease.The foundation of TCMF lies in its holistic approach,manifested through herbal compatibility theory,which has emerged from extensive clinical experience and evolved into a highly refined knowledge system.Within this framework,Chinese herbal medicines exhibit intricated characteristics,including multi-component interactions,diverse target sites,and varied biological pathways.These complexities pose significant challenges for understanding their molecular mechanisms.Contemporary advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are reshaping research in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),offering immense potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TCMFs.This review explores the application of AI in uncovering these mechanisms,highlighting its role in compound absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)prediction,molecular target identification,compound and target synergy recognition,pharmacological mechanisms exploration,and herbal formula optimization.Furthermore,the review discusses the challenges and opportunities in AI-assisted research on TCMF molecular mechanisms,promoting the modernization and globalization of TCM.展开更多
The alleviation of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is an integral part of sustained and effective cancer therapy.Although the role of the hematopoietic microenvironment in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/pr...The alleviation of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is an integral part of sustained and effective cancer therapy.Although the role of the hematopoietic microenvironment in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells(HSPCs)has been widely studied,no drugs that improve hematopoiesis by targeting and modulating the hematopoietic microenvironment have been used clinically.Here,we show that the active small molecule icaritin(ICT)from the Chinese herb Epimedium brevicornum Maxim effectively alleviates chemotherapy-induced hemocytopenia in both mouse and zebrafish models.We demonstrated that ICT enhanced the number and hematopoietic function of HSPCs and that the beneficial effects of ICT occurred indirectly.Single-cell sequencing analysis confirmed that the target cells of ICT in the bone marrow microenvironment were mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs).In addition,peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1)was identified as a direct target of ICT.Furthermore,ICT stimulated MSCs to express the effector molecule C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)through the PRDX1-reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling axis,thereby increasing the number and function of HSPCs.These results suggest that ICT is a promising compound for achieving targeted modulation of the hematopoietic microenvironment to restore hematopoiesis after chemotherapy.展开更多
A new isochroman-4-one, 7,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisochroman-4-one was isolated from water soluble fraction of Musa sapientum L. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences and its total synthesis has also bee...A new isochroman-4-one, 7,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisochroman-4-one was isolated from water soluble fraction of Musa sapientum L. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences and its total synthesis has also been reported. The compound showed potent antihypertensive activity.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant ef ects of aqueous ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia ferrea(C. ferrea) leaf in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley r...Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant ef ects of aqueous ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia ferrea(C. ferrea) leaf in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each were assigned into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal administration of STZ(65 mg/kg body weight). C. ferrea extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was orally administered to both diabetic and non-diabetic animals for a period of 30 days. After completion of experimental duration serum, liver and pancreas were used for evaluating biochemical and histopathological changes.Results: Oral administration of C. ferrea leaf extract significantly reduced elevated serum glucose, α-amylase, liver function levels and signii cantly increased serum insulin, total protein and body weight as well as improved lipid proi le due to diabetes. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in a marked increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione, and diminished levels of lipid peroxidation in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Histopathological studies demonstrated the reduction in the pancreas and liver damage and coni rmed the biochemical i ndings.Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that the C. ferrea leaf extract ef ectively improved hyperglycaemia while inhibiting the progression of oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Hence, it can be used in the management of diabetes mellitus.展开更多
A series of furoxan-based novel nitric oxide-donating ursolic acid（UA） derivatives（7a-f） were synthesized,and their cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells in vitro were evaluated by MTT method.It was found that ...A series of furoxan-based novel nitric oxide-donating ursolic acid（UA） derivatives（7a-f） were synthesized,and their cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells in vitro were evaluated by MTT method.It was found that 7a-d and 7f showed more potent cytotoxic activities than control 5-fluorouracil and UA.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss.(A. palaestinum)(black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components wh...Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss.(A. palaestinum)(black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components which may be responsible for the potential antitumor activity.Methods: A. palaestinum was collected from its natural habitats and subjected to phytochemical analysis for separation of pure compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity was investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines Hep2, He La, Hep G2 and MCF7 for the fractionated extract and isolated compounds. While, the diethyl ether fraction was subjected to GC–MS analysis as it exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect to evaluate the active constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activities.Results: Four flavonoid compounds were isolated(luteolin, chrysoeriol, isoorientin,isovitexin) from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts and the pure isolated compounds showed a significant high antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines. The GC–MS analysis revealed the separation and identification of 15 compounds representing 95.01% of the extract and belonging to different groups of chemical compounds.Conclusions: The present study is considered to be the first report on the cytotoxic activities carried out on different selected fractions and pure compounds of A. palaestinum to provide evidences for its strong antitumor activities. In addition,chrysoeriol and isovitexin compounds were isolated for the first time from the studied taxa.展开更多
A new spirostanol steroidal saponin, named maireioside A （1）, together with three known steroidal saponins, hypoglaucin G （2）, parisaponin I （3）, and diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyran...A new spirostanol steroidal saponin, named maireioside A （1）, together with three known steroidal saponins, hypoglaucin G （2）, parisaponin I （3）, and diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→2）]-β-D-glucopyranoside （4）, were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris mairei. The structure elucidation was accomplished by 1D and 2D NMR methods, HR-ESI-MS, and hydrolysis. C 2009 Qiang Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-ulcer activity and acute toxicity ofFicus religiosa(F. religiosa)leaf ethanolic extract in animal models.Methods:Anti-ulcer activity ofF. religiosaethanolicextract(250 and 500 mg/kg body...Objective:To evaluate the anti-ulcer activity and acute toxicity ofFicus religiosa(F. religiosa)leaf ethanolic extract in animal models.Methods:Anti-ulcer activity ofF. religiosaethanolicextract(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) was studied on stress induced ulcer animal models.Ranitidine was used as standard. The anti-ulcer activity ofF. religiosawas evaluated with thehelp of ulcer area and histopatholgical examination. Preliminary phyto-chemical screeningand acute toxicity studies ofF. religiosaalso carried out.Results:Results showed that theextract treatments prevented ulcer area and gastric secretion in a dose-dependent manner.Administration of 2000 mg/kg extract did not show any acute toxicity in albino mice. Preliminaryphytochemical analysis identified the presence of flavonoids in the ethanolic extract ofF. religiosa.Conclusions:The extract is non-toxic even at relatively high concentrations. The anti-ulceractivity is probably due to the presence of flavanoids.展开更多
The term Kriyakala refers to the recognition of the stage of a disease＇s progress, which helps to determine appropriate measure to correct the imbalance in Doshas （biological factors）. It is a compound expression, ...The term Kriyakala refers to the recognition of the stage of a disease＇s progress, which helps to determine appropriate measure to correct the imbalance in Doshas （biological factors）. It is a compound expression, comprised of Kriya and Kala, where Kriya means the choice to treatment （medicine, food and daily-routine） used to improve the disturbance in Doshas, and Kala refers to the stage of progress of a disease. Sushruta, an ancient Indian surgeon, has described the concept of Kriyakala in Vamaprashnadhyaya, an ancient Vedic Sanskrit text, which seeks to explain the incidence of Vamas in terms of Doshic disturbances. Vama, in modern parlance, may be described as an inflammatory process that may lead ulceration and chronic inflammation, promoting all stages of carcinogenesis. Abnormal interactions between Prakriti （genotype） and environmental factors vitiate the Doshas and impair immunity, which can lead to aberrant cell growth and cancer. Moreover, the interaction between vitiated Doshas and weak Dhatus （body tissues） manifests as cancers of a specific organ. Shatkriyakala （six stages of progress of a disease）, on the other hand, provides a framework to assess the cancer and its pathogenesis in different stages. According to Ayurvedic concepts, all cancer therapies treat the affected tissues indirectly by eliminating vitiated Doshas, rejuvenating Dhatus and restoring immunity in cancer patients. The present review describes the six stages of Shatkriyakala in detail, with an emphasis on research areas to validate the concept of Shatkriyakala. This traditional knowledge can be utilized with modern technologies to detect predisposition for cancer or diagnose cancer in its early stages.展开更多
Two new phenolic glycosides, 2-hydroxy-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylphenylacetic acid methyl acetate （1） and 2-hydroxy-4-O-β-D- glucopyranosylphenylacetic acid （2） were isolated from the aerial parts ofAndrosace umbell...Two new phenolic glycosides, 2-hydroxy-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylphenylacetic acid methyl acetate （1） and 2-hydroxy-4-O-β-D- glucopyranosylphenylacetic acid （2） were isolated from the aerial parts ofAndrosace umbellata. Their structures were elucidated by spectral techniques. C 2009 Wen Cai Ye. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.展开更多
Two new compounds have been isolated from methanol extract of roots of Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Hegel. Their structures were established as 3-oxo-23-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅱ) and 3-0--L-arabinopyranosy...Two new compounds have been isolated from methanol extract of roots of Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Hegel. Their structures were established as 3-oxo-23-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅱ) and 3-0--L-arabinopyranosyl-3β, 23-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅲ).展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anti-oxidani and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts and fractions of Mangifera indica in in vitro conditions.Methods:In vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipoxygenase（LOX）...Objective:To evaluate the anti-oxidani and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts and fractions of Mangifera indica in in vitro conditions.Methods:In vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipoxygenase（LOX） inhibition assays were used to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities respectively.Methanolic extract（MEMI）,successive water extract （SWMI） and ethyl acetate fraction（EMEMI）,n-butanol fraction（BMEMI） and water soluble fraction （WMEMI） of methanolic extract were evaluated along with respective reference standards. Results:In in ritro DPPH radical scavenging activity,the MEMI,EMEMI and BMEMI have offered significant antioxidant activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 13.37.3.55 and 14.19μig/mL respectively.Gallic acid,a reference standard showed significant antioxidant activity with IC? value of 1.88 and found to be more potent compared to all the extracts and fractions.In m vitro LOX inhibition assay,the MEMI,EMEMI and BMEMI have showed significant inhibition of LOX enzyme activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 96.71.63.21 and 107.44μg/mL respectively.While,reference drug Indometlhacin also offered significant inhibtion against LOX enzyme activity with IC<sub>50</sub> of 57.75.Furthermore,MEMI was found to more potent than SWMI and among the fractions EMEMI was found to possess more potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the MEMI and F.MEMT possess potent anti-oxidani and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro conditions.展开更多
A new flavonoid, namely pinnatifine I (1), was isolated from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.
Objective:To determine the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC)content of cannabis seizures in Egypt.Methods:Unheated and heated extracts of cannabis seizures were prepared from the dried flowering tops and leaves(mariju...Objective:To determine the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC)content of cannabis seizures in Egypt.Methods:Unheated and heated extracts of cannabis seizures were prepared from the dried flowering tops and leaves(marijuana)or from the resin(hashish)and subjected to analysis using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results:The heated resin extract had the peak of THC in a relative ratio of 31.34%,while extracting the resin directly without heating contained only 18.34%of THC.On the other hand,marijuana showed minimum percentage of THC at 11.188% on heating and 9.55% without heating.Conclusions:These results indicate the high potency of the abused cannabis plant in the illicit Egyptian market.展开更多
Herbal medicines are popular natural medicines that have been used for decades.The use of alternative medicines continues to expand rapidly across the world.The World Health Organization suggests that quality assessme...Herbal medicines are popular natural medicines that have been used for decades.The use of alternative medicines continues to expand rapidly across the world.The World Health Organization suggests that quality assessment of natural medicines is essential for any therapeutic or health care applications,as their therapeutic potential varies between different geographic origins,plant species,and varieties.Classification of herbal medicines based on a limited number of secondary metabolites is not an ideal approach.Their quality should be considered based on a complete metabolic profile,as their pharmacological activity is not due to a few specific secondary metabolites but rather a larger group of bioactive compounds.A holistic and integrative approach using rapid and nondestructive analytical strategies for the screening of herbal medicines is required for robust characterization.In this study,a rapid and effective quality assessment system for geographical traceability,species,and variety-specific authenticity of the widely used natural medicines turmeric,Ocimum,and Withania somnifera was investigated using Fourier transform near-infrared(FT-NIR)spectroscopy-based metabolic fingerprinting.Four different geographical origins of turmeric,five different Ocimum species,and three different varieties of roots and leaves of Withania somnifera were studied with the aid of machine learning approaches.Extremely good discrimination(R^(2)>0.98,Q^(2)>0.97,and accuracy=1.0)with sensitivity and specificity of 100%was achieved using this metabolic fingerprinting strategy.Our study demonstrated that FT-NIR-based rapid metabolic fingerprinting can be used as a robust analytical method to authenticate several important medicinal herbs.展开更多
Introduction The tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus （ L. f） Ker- Gawl, which is a Chinese traditional medicine named ＂maidong＂ have been recorded to have various medical functions for curing cardiovascular diseases an...Introduction The tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus （ L. f） Ker- Gawl, which is a Chinese traditional medicine named ＂maidong＂ have been recorded to have various medical functions for curing cardiovascular diseases and bacterial infections, especially heart diseases. Phytochemical studies on this plant were reported previously. In search of new and bioactive components from Chinese traditional medicines, the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus have been investigated in this study. The present paper article covers the isolation and structure elucidation of a new furospirostanol saponin, namely, Ophiofurospiside B （compound 1 ） and two known steroidal saponins （ compounds 2 and 3）.展开更多
Objective: To undertake metabolite profiling of various plant parts of Citrullus colocynthis, and assess antioxidant and wound healing activities of fractions for therapeutical applications. Methods: Extracts from lea...Objective: To undertake metabolite profiling of various plant parts of Citrullus colocynthis, and assess antioxidant and wound healing activities of fractions for therapeutical applications. Methods: Extracts from leaves, stem, root, fruit pulp and seeds were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Variation in antioxidant potential was assayed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The extract with highest antioxidant potential was subjected on in-vivo wound healing activity using excision wound model. Results: Metabolite profiling of Citrullus colocynthis identified 70 chemically diverse metabolites from different plant parts by using a combination of GC-MS and HPLC. Concentration of colocynthin, a principal active secondary metabolite, ranged from 3.15 mg/g dry weight to 242.00 mg/g dry weight, the lowest being in leaves and highest in fruit pulp. DPPH radical scavenging activity of free radical(IC50) ranged from 196.44 μg/mL in fruit pulp to 413.33 μg/mL in leaves tissues. Significant wound contraction and increase in hydroxyproline content of granulation tissue were observed with ointment formulated from methanolic extract of fruit pulp. Conclusions: The study indicates that the methanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit pulp when applied topically may promote wound contraction in rat model attributable to the accumulation of colocynthin. The high quantity of colocynthin(242.00 mg/g dry weight) and substantial concentration of 2,4-di-tert butyl phenol(3.2%), squalene(4.2%) and δ-tocopherol(2.5%) make this plant to provide new opportunities for development of medicinal, nutraceutical and dietary supplements with optimized functionality.展开更多
Besides（-）-epicatechin,epicatechin-（4β-8 ）-epicatechin（procyanidin B2）,epicatechin-（4β-6 ）-epicatechin （procyanidin B5）,epicatechin-（4β-8,2β-O-7）-epicatechin（proanthocyanidin A2） and epicatechin- （4...Besides（-）-epicatechin,epicatechin-（4β-8 ）-epicatechin（procyanidin B2）,epicatechin-（4β-6 ）-epicatechin （procyanidin B5）,epicatechin-（4β-8,2β-O-7）-epicatechin（proanthocyanidin A2） and epicatechin- （4β-8）-epicatechin-（4β-8）-epicatechin（procyanidin C1）,which were isolated before from Adansonia digitata, in this work an A-type proanthocyanidin trimer,i.e.epicatechin-（4β-8）-epicatechin-（4β-8,2β-0-7）- epicatechin,tetrameric procyanidin D1,i.e.epicatechin-（4β-8）-epicatechin-（4β-8）-epicatechin-（4β-8）- epicatechin and a polymeric compound were isolated from the pericarp（fruit wall） of the fruits for the first time from this plant.The antioxidant activity of different fractions and pure compounds was experimentally evaluated in the DPPH<sup>-</sup> assay.The ethyl acetate fraction,and most of the isolated compounds displayed a high activity(IC<sub>50</sub> 2.40-9.60μg/ml) compared with the reference antioxidant Trolox(IC<sub>50</sub> 12.18μg/ml) as a standard.展开更多
A series of natural product 23-hydroxybetulinic acid derivatives were prepared. In the preparation of mono-O-benzoyl ester derivative, it was observed that benzoyl group migrated from 3-0- to 23-O-position during the ...A series of natural product 23-hydroxybetulinic acid derivatives were prepared. In the preparation of mono-O-benzoyl ester derivative, it was observed that benzoyl group migrated from 3-0- to 23-O-position during the detritylation.展开更多
The present market for herbal drugs is estimated about ?40 billion, which is expected to increase by 16% in next 3-4 years. The current production of many Ayurvedic herbs is less than their market demand, which incent...The present market for herbal drugs is estimated about ?40 billion, which is expected to increase by 16% in next 3-4 years. The current production of many Ayurvedic herbs is less than their market demand, which incentivizes adulteration in the Ayurvedic drug supply chain. The present work aims to highlight the most used Ayurvedic plants that have been listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature's "red list" of endangered or vulnerable plants. The future of Ayurvedic medicines from these listed plants is uncertain, as the collection of herbs from their natural habitat is prohibited and their cultivation does not meet market demands. Many of these plants, such as Taxus baccata and T. wallichiana, are endangered and are only grown in their natural habitats;their cultivation in other areas is impractical. This is the present state, and will worsen as demand continues to grow, with increasing populations and increasing adoption of this system of medicine. It is possible that in coming years most of the Ayurvedic drugs will be adulterated, and will cause only side effects rather than the therapeutic effects. The Ayurvedic fundamentals are under-explored areas where the Ayurvedic practitioners and research scientists can work together. The scientific work on the basic principles will unravel many unknown or little-known facts of this ancient science. Hence, the present review emphasizes the conservation of Ayurvedic herbs, minimization of the use of medicinal plants and the promotion of the research based on Ayurvedic fundamentals.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC3502005)the three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program[No.ZY(2021-2023)-0401]the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104521)。
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine formula(TCMF)represents a fundamental component of Chinese medical practice,incorporating medical knowledge and practices from both Han Chinese and various ethnic minorities,while providing comprehensive insights into health and disease.The foundation of TCMF lies in its holistic approach,manifested through herbal compatibility theory,which has emerged from extensive clinical experience and evolved into a highly refined knowledge system.Within this framework,Chinese herbal medicines exhibit intricated characteristics,including multi-component interactions,diverse target sites,and varied biological pathways.These complexities pose significant challenges for understanding their molecular mechanisms.Contemporary advances in artificial intelligence(AI)are reshaping research in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),offering immense potential to transform our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TCMFs.This review explores the application of AI in uncovering these mechanisms,highlighting its role in compound absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion(ADME)prediction,molecular target identification,compound and target synergy recognition,pharmacological mechanisms exploration,and herbal formula optimization.Furthermore,the review discusses the challenges and opportunities in AI-assisted research on TCMF molecular mechanisms,promoting the modernization and globalization of TCM.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82141203,82374086,and 82274172)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(ZD2021CY001)+2 种基金the Three-year Action Plan for Shanghai TCM Development and Inheritance Program(ZY(2021-2023)-0401)the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTDD-202004)the Organizational Key Research and Development Program of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023YZZ02).
文摘The alleviation of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression is an integral part of sustained and effective cancer therapy.Although the role of the hematopoietic microenvironment in the regulation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells(HSPCs)has been widely studied,no drugs that improve hematopoiesis by targeting and modulating the hematopoietic microenvironment have been used clinically.Here,we show that the active small molecule icaritin(ICT)from the Chinese herb Epimedium brevicornum Maxim effectively alleviates chemotherapy-induced hemocytopenia in both mouse and zebrafish models.We demonstrated that ICT enhanced the number and hematopoietic function of HSPCs and that the beneficial effects of ICT occurred indirectly.Single-cell sequencing analysis confirmed that the target cells of ICT in the bone marrow microenvironment were mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs).In addition,peroxiredoxin 1(PRDX1)was identified as a direct target of ICT.Furthermore,ICT stimulated MSCs to express the effector molecule C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12)through the PRDX1-reactive oxygen species(ROS)-mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling axis,thereby increasing the number and function of HSPCs.These results suggest that ICT is a promising compound for achieving targeted modulation of the hematopoietic microenvironment to restore hematopoiesis after chemotherapy.
文摘A new isochroman-4-one, 7,8-dihydroxy-3-methylisochroman-4-one was isolated from water soluble fraction of Musa sapientum L. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences and its total synthesis has also been reported. The compound showed potent antihypertensive activity.
基金Supported and financed by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the group linkage programme(joint project:"Bioactive phenolics from Egyptian folk medicinal plants",3.4-Fokoop-DEU/1093980)awarded to U.L.and M.N
文摘Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant ef ects of aqueous ethanolic extract of Caesalpinia ferrea(C. ferrea) leaf in normal and streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each were assigned into diabetic and non-diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced in rats by single intraperitoneal administration of STZ(65 mg/kg body weight). C. ferrea extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight was orally administered to both diabetic and non-diabetic animals for a period of 30 days. After completion of experimental duration serum, liver and pancreas were used for evaluating biochemical and histopathological changes.Results: Oral administration of C. ferrea leaf extract significantly reduced elevated serum glucose, α-amylase, liver function levels and signii cantly increased serum insulin, total protein and body weight as well as improved lipid proi le due to diabetes. Furthermore, the treatment resulted in a marked increase in glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and reduced glutathione, and diminished levels of lipid peroxidation in liver and pancreas of diabetic rats. Histopathological studies demonstrated the reduction in the pancreas and liver damage and coni rmed the biochemical i ndings.Conclusions: From the present study, it can be concluded that the C. ferrea leaf extract ef ectively improved hyperglycaemia while inhibiting the progression of oxidative stress in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Hence, it can be used in the management of diabetes mellitus.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2097210)research grants from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2009302)Tianjin Application Bases and Advanced Technology Research Program Key Projects(No.JCZDJC21400)
文摘A series of furoxan-based novel nitric oxide-donating ursolic acid（UA） derivatives（7a-f） were synthesized,and their cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells in vitro were evaluated by MTT method.It was found that 7a-d and 7f showed more potent cytotoxic activities than control 5-fluorouracil and UA.
基金Support by Science and Technology Development Fund,with Grant No.4402
文摘Objective: To evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic activity of the fractionated extract as well as isolated compounds of Arum palaestinum Boiss.(A. palaestinum)(black calla lily), and to identify the volatile components which may be responsible for the potential antitumor activity.Methods: A. palaestinum was collected from its natural habitats and subjected to phytochemical analysis for separation of pure compounds. In vitro cytotoxic activity was investigated against four human carcinoma cell lines Hep2, He La, Hep G2 and MCF7 for the fractionated extract and isolated compounds. While, the diethyl ether fraction was subjected to GC–MS analysis as it exhibited the most potent cytotoxic effect to evaluate the active constituents responsible for the cytotoxic activities.Results: Four flavonoid compounds were isolated(luteolin, chrysoeriol, isoorientin,isovitexin) from the diethyl ether and ethyl acetate. The extracts and the pure isolated compounds showed a significant high antiproliferative activity against all investigated cell lines. The GC–MS analysis revealed the separation and identification of 15 compounds representing 95.01% of the extract and belonging to different groups of chemical compounds.Conclusions: The present study is considered to be the first report on the cytotoxic activities carried out on different selected fractions and pure compounds of A. palaestinum to provide evidences for its strong antitumor activities. In addition,chrysoeriol and isovitexin compounds were isolated for the first time from the studied taxa.
文摘A new spirostanol steroidal saponin, named maireioside A （1）, together with three known steroidal saponins, hypoglaucin G （2）, parisaponin I （3）, and diosgenin-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→4）-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl （1→2）]-β-D-glucopyranoside （4）, were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris mairei. The structure elucidation was accomplished by 1D and 2D NMR methods, HR-ESI-MS, and hydrolysis. C 2009 Qiang Wang. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-ulcer activity and acute toxicity ofFicus religiosa(F. religiosa)leaf ethanolic extract in animal models.Methods:Anti-ulcer activity ofF. religiosaethanolicextract(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) was studied on stress induced ulcer animal models.Ranitidine was used as standard. The anti-ulcer activity ofF. religiosawas evaluated with thehelp of ulcer area and histopatholgical examination. Preliminary phyto-chemical screeningand acute toxicity studies ofF. religiosaalso carried out.Results:Results showed that theextract treatments prevented ulcer area and gastric secretion in a dose-dependent manner.Administration of 2000 mg/kg extract did not show any acute toxicity in albino mice. Preliminaryphytochemical analysis identified the presence of flavonoids in the ethanolic extract ofF. religiosa.Conclusions:The extract is non-toxic even at relatively high concentrations. The anti-ulceractivity is probably due to the presence of flavanoids.
文摘The term Kriyakala refers to the recognition of the stage of a disease＇s progress, which helps to determine appropriate measure to correct the imbalance in Doshas （biological factors）. It is a compound expression, comprised of Kriya and Kala, where Kriya means the choice to treatment （medicine, food and daily-routine） used to improve the disturbance in Doshas, and Kala refers to the stage of progress of a disease. Sushruta, an ancient Indian surgeon, has described the concept of Kriyakala in Vamaprashnadhyaya, an ancient Vedic Sanskrit text, which seeks to explain the incidence of Vamas in terms of Doshic disturbances. Vama, in modern parlance, may be described as an inflammatory process that may lead ulceration and chronic inflammation, promoting all stages of carcinogenesis. Abnormal interactions between Prakriti （genotype） and environmental factors vitiate the Doshas and impair immunity, which can lead to aberrant cell growth and cancer. Moreover, the interaction between vitiated Doshas and weak Dhatus （body tissues） manifests as cancers of a specific organ. Shatkriyakala （six stages of progress of a disease）, on the other hand, provides a framework to assess the cancer and its pathogenesis in different stages. According to Ayurvedic concepts, all cancer therapies treat the affected tissues indirectly by eliminating vitiated Doshas, rejuvenating Dhatus and restoring immunity in cancer patients. The present review describes the six stages of Shatkriyakala in detail, with an emphasis on research areas to validate the concept of Shatkriyakala. This traditional knowledge can be utilized with modern technologies to detect predisposition for cancer or diagnose cancer in its early stages.
文摘Two new phenolic glycosides, 2-hydroxy-4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylphenylacetic acid methyl acetate （1） and 2-hydroxy-4-O-β-D- glucopyranosylphenylacetic acid （2） were isolated from the aerial parts ofAndrosace umbellata. Their structures were elucidated by spectral techniques. C 2009 Wen Cai Ye. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
文摘Two new compounds have been isolated from methanol extract of roots of Pulsatilla chinensis(Bunge) Hegel. Their structures were established as 3-oxo-23-hydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅱ) and 3-0--L-arabinopyranosyl-3β, 23-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid (Ⅲ).
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anti-oxidani and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf extracts and fractions of Mangifera indica in in vitro conditions.Methods:In vitro DPPH radical scavenging activity and lipoxygenase（LOX） inhibition assays were used to evaluate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities respectively.Methanolic extract（MEMI）,successive water extract （SWMI） and ethyl acetate fraction（EMEMI）,n-butanol fraction（BMEMI） and water soluble fraction （WMEMI） of methanolic extract were evaluated along with respective reference standards. Results:In in ritro DPPH radical scavenging activity,the MEMI,EMEMI and BMEMI have offered significant antioxidant activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 13.37.3.55 and 14.19μig/mL respectively.Gallic acid,a reference standard showed significant antioxidant activity with IC? value of 1.88 and found to be more potent compared to all the extracts and fractions.In m vitro LOX inhibition assay,the MEMI,EMEMI and BMEMI have showed significant inhibition of LOX enzyme activity with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 96.71.63.21 and 107.44μg/mL respectively.While,reference drug Indometlhacin also offered significant inhibtion against LOX enzyme activity with IC<sub>50</sub> of 57.75.Furthermore,MEMI was found to more potent than SWMI and among the fractions EMEMI was found to possess more potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusions:These findings suggest that the MEMI and F.MEMT possess potent anti-oxidani and anti-inflammatory activities in in vitro conditions.
文摘A new flavonoid, namely pinnatifine I (1), was isolated from the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E.Br.. Its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence.
文摘Objective:To determine the delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(THC)content of cannabis seizures in Egypt.Methods:Unheated and heated extracts of cannabis seizures were prepared from the dried flowering tops and leaves(marijuana)or from the resin(hashish)and subjected to analysis using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results:The heated resin extract had the peak of THC in a relative ratio of 31.34%,while extracting the resin directly without heating contained only 18.34%of THC.On the other hand,marijuana showed minimum percentage of THC at 11.188% on heating and 9.55% without heating.Conclusions:These results indicate the high potency of the abused cannabis plant in the illicit Egyptian market.
基金Department of Science and Technology-SERB-SRG research grant(Grant No.:SRG/2021/000750-G)and Department of Biotechnology for Ramalingaswami grant(Grant No.:BT/RLF/Re-entry/21/2020)Director,Prabodh Kumar Trivedi,of CSIR-CIMAP for providing infrastructure,facility,and funding support from CSIR,India(Grant Nos.:FC2020-23/NMITLI/TLP0001&TLP0002)We acknowledge Dr.Ritu Trivedi(CSIR-CDRI Lucknow,India)for support and Dr.Abolie Girme and Dr.Lal Hingorani(Pharmanza herbal Pvt.Ltd,India)for providing Withania somnifera samples.We acknowledge Dr.Neerja Tiwari for FT-NIR access,Ms.Manju Yadav and Ms.Namita Gupta for HPLC access,and Ms.Anju Yadav for GC-MS access.Authors would like to thank Aroma mission HCP-0007,India for funding support.Prof.Christopher T.Elliott would like to thank Bualuang ASEAN Chair Professor Fund,UK and Queen's University Belfast Fund,UK.
文摘Herbal medicines are popular natural medicines that have been used for decades.The use of alternative medicines continues to expand rapidly across the world.The World Health Organization suggests that quality assessment of natural medicines is essential for any therapeutic or health care applications,as their therapeutic potential varies between different geographic origins,plant species,and varieties.Classification of herbal medicines based on a limited number of secondary metabolites is not an ideal approach.Their quality should be considered based on a complete metabolic profile,as their pharmacological activity is not due to a few specific secondary metabolites but rather a larger group of bioactive compounds.A holistic and integrative approach using rapid and nondestructive analytical strategies for the screening of herbal medicines is required for robust characterization.In this study,a rapid and effective quality assessment system for geographical traceability,species,and variety-specific authenticity of the widely used natural medicines turmeric,Ocimum,and Withania somnifera was investigated using Fourier transform near-infrared(FT-NIR)spectroscopy-based metabolic fingerprinting.Four different geographical origins of turmeric,five different Ocimum species,and three different varieties of roots and leaves of Withania somnifera were studied with the aid of machine learning approaches.Extremely good discrimination(R^(2)>0.98,Q^(2)>0.97,and accuracy=1.0)with sensitivity and specificity of 100%was achieved using this metabolic fingerprinting strategy.Our study demonstrated that FT-NIR-based rapid metabolic fingerprinting can be used as a robust analytical method to authenticate several important medicinal herbs.
基金Supported by Program for Changjiang ScholarsInnovative Research Team in University(No.IRT0413).
文摘Introduction The tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus （ L. f） Ker- Gawl, which is a Chinese traditional medicine named ＂maidong＂ have been recorded to have various medical functions for curing cardiovascular diseases and bacterial infections, especially heart diseases. Phytochemical studies on this plant were reported previously. In search of new and bioactive components from Chinese traditional medicines, the tubers of Ophiopogon japonicus have been investigated in this study. The present paper article covers the isolation and structure elucidation of a new furospirostanol saponin, namely, Ophiofurospiside B （compound 1 ） and two known steroidal saponins （ compounds 2 and 3）.
基金supported by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR),New Delhi
文摘Objective: To undertake metabolite profiling of various plant parts of Citrullus colocynthis, and assess antioxidant and wound healing activities of fractions for therapeutical applications. Methods: Extracts from leaves, stem, root, fruit pulp and seeds were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. Variation in antioxidant potential was assayed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The extract with highest antioxidant potential was subjected on in-vivo wound healing activity using excision wound model. Results: Metabolite profiling of Citrullus colocynthis identified 70 chemically diverse metabolites from different plant parts by using a combination of GC-MS and HPLC. Concentration of colocynthin, a principal active secondary metabolite, ranged from 3.15 mg/g dry weight to 242.00 mg/g dry weight, the lowest being in leaves and highest in fruit pulp. DPPH radical scavenging activity of free radical(IC50) ranged from 196.44 μg/mL in fruit pulp to 413.33 μg/mL in leaves tissues. Significant wound contraction and increase in hydroxyproline content of granulation tissue were observed with ointment formulated from methanolic extract of fruit pulp. Conclusions: The study indicates that the methanol extract of Citrullus colocynthis fruit pulp when applied topically may promote wound contraction in rat model attributable to the accumulation of colocynthin. The high quantity of colocynthin(242.00 mg/g dry weight) and substantial concentration of 2,4-di-tert butyl phenol(3.2%), squalene(4.2%) and δ-tocopherol(2.5%) make this plant to provide new opportunities for development of medicinal, nutraceutical and dietary supplements with optimized functionality.
文摘Besides（-）-epicatechin,epicatechin-（4β-8 ）-epicatechin（procyanidin B2）,epicatechin-（4β-6 ）-epicatechin （procyanidin B5）,epicatechin-（4β-8,2β-O-7）-epicatechin（proanthocyanidin A2） and epicatechin- （4β-8）-epicatechin-（4β-8）-epicatechin（procyanidin C1）,which were isolated before from Adansonia digitata, in this work an A-type proanthocyanidin trimer,i.e.epicatechin-（4β-8）-epicatechin-（4β-8,2β-0-7）- epicatechin,tetrameric procyanidin D1,i.e.epicatechin-（4β-8）-epicatechin-（4β-8）-epicatechin-（4β-8）- epicatechin and a polymeric compound were isolated from the pericarp（fruit wall） of the fruits for the first time from this plant.The antioxidant activity of different fractions and pure compounds was experimentally evaluated in the DPPH<sup>-</sup> assay.The ethyl acetate fraction,and most of the isolated compounds displayed a high activity(IC<sub>50</sub> 2.40-9.60μg/ml) compared with the reference antioxidant Trolox(IC<sub>50</sub> 12.18μg/ml) as a standard.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of the People's Republic of China(No.30472083).
文摘A series of natural product 23-hydroxybetulinic acid derivatives were prepared. In the preparation of mono-O-benzoyl ester derivative, it was observed that benzoyl group migrated from 3-0- to 23-O-position during the detritylation.
基金funded by National Medicinal Plants Board, Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy, Government of India, with grant number Z.18017/ 187/CSS/R&D/UK-01/2017-18-NMPB-IV A
文摘The present market for herbal drugs is estimated about ?40 billion, which is expected to increase by 16% in next 3-4 years. The current production of many Ayurvedic herbs is less than their market demand, which incentivizes adulteration in the Ayurvedic drug supply chain. The present work aims to highlight the most used Ayurvedic plants that have been listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature's "red list" of endangered or vulnerable plants. The future of Ayurvedic medicines from these listed plants is uncertain, as the collection of herbs from their natural habitat is prohibited and their cultivation does not meet market demands. Many of these plants, such as Taxus baccata and T. wallichiana, are endangered and are only grown in their natural habitats;their cultivation in other areas is impractical. This is the present state, and will worsen as demand continues to grow, with increasing populations and increasing adoption of this system of medicine. It is possible that in coming years most of the Ayurvedic drugs will be adulterated, and will cause only side effects rather than the therapeutic effects. The Ayurvedic fundamentals are under-explored areas where the Ayurvedic practitioners and research scientists can work together. The scientific work on the basic principles will unravel many unknown or little-known facts of this ancient science. Hence, the present review emphasizes the conservation of Ayurvedic herbs, minimization of the use of medicinal plants and the promotion of the research based on Ayurvedic fundamentals.
