Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional proce...Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.展开更多
BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical perf...BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical performance,and economic effects of robotic-assisted donor and recipient hepatectomy in the transplant pathway.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and a priori registration,systematic reviews were included with or without meta-analysis.Four databases were searched through July 2025.Methodological quality was appraised with a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews(AMSTAR 2),and certainty was graded with grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE).Evidence overlap was calculated via a citation-matrix-based corrected covered area(CCA).Effect sizes were prespecified as risk ratios(RR)for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes.RESULTS Five reviews met the inclusion criteria,four with meta-analyses and one consensus review used only for context.Donor(direct)findings were more favorable for robotics in terms of estimated blood loss(≈-117 mL)and length of stay(≈-0.6 days),although with longer operative time(≈+105 minutes).Absolute risks for donor complications were not estimable from ratio-only data.Recipient(indirect)meta-analysis indicated robotics to be favorable in terms of conversion(RR≈0.41)and severe morbidity(RR≈0.81),with a trend toward lower overall morbidity(RR≈0.92)and no difference in 30-day mortality.Differences in length of stay and operative time were small and heterogeneous.Economic evidence(indirect,network meta-analysis)suggested higher procedural costs for robotic vs laparoscopic intervention,but lower hospitalization costs vs open intervention,with laparoscopy the least expensive overall.AMSTAR 2 ratings were moderate-to-high across the reviews,GRADE certainty was low for key donor continuous outcomes,and low-to-moderate for recipient and economic outcomes.Overlap was slight(graded-corpus CCA=0.0%;including a contextual non-transplant review increased CCA to≈1.25%).CONCLUSION Robotic donor hepatectomy confers perioperative advantages at the cost of longer operative time.Recipient and economic findings are indirect and considered hypothesis-generating.Transplant-specific,prospective comparisons using a minimum standardized dataset and uniform outcome definitions are needed to resolve remaining uncertainties and to clarify the cost-utility correlation.展开更多
Tumor metabolic reprogramming is a core hallmark of cancer,characterized by pathways such as aerobic glycolysis,aberrant lipid metabolism,and glutaminolysis that support rapid proliferation and immunosuppressive micro...Tumor metabolic reprogramming is a core hallmark of cancer,characterized by pathways such as aerobic glycolysis,aberrant lipid metabolism,and glutaminolysis that support rapid proliferation and immunosuppressive microenvironments.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are highly stable,evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs that have emerged as critical modulators of these metabolic shifts.This review aims to systematically elucidate the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in reprogramming tumor metabolism,and to discuss their clinical potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Through mechanisms including miRNA sponging,protein interactions,regulation of mitochondrial dynamics,and modulation of metabolic enzymes,circRNAs influence key metabolic pathways by targeting glycolytic enzymes,lipid synthesis regulators,and glutaminolysis-related molecules to either facilitate or inhibit their expression.This review systematically summarizes the unique contributions of circRNAs to tumor metabolic reprogramming,highlighting key mechanisms such as regulation of peptide-encoding protein translation,mitochondrial localization function,gene promoter-targeted transcriptional regulation,and cross-pathway metabolic mediation,which underscore their distinct biological advantages and regulatory roles in tumor metabolism.The stability and tissue specificity of circRNAs make them promising diagnostic biomarkers,while their role in drug resistance mediated by metabolic reprogramming highlights their potential as therapeutic targets.Strategies such as circRNA inhibitors,mimics,and nanoparticle-based delivery systems are being explored to modulate tumor metabolism.Despite challenges including complex regulatory networks and limited manipulation tools,advances in high-throughput technologies and clinical trials hold promise for translating circRNA research into novel cancer therapies.展开更多
In this paper, sixty-eight research articles published between 2000 and 2017 as well as textbooks which employed four classification algorithms: K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (...In this paper, sixty-eight research articles published between 2000 and 2017 as well as textbooks which employed four classification algorithms: K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Neural Network (NN) as the main statistical tools were reviewed. The aim was to examine and compare these nonparametric classification methods on the following attributes: robustness to training data, sensitivity to changes, data fitting, stability, ability to handle large data sizes, sensitivity to noise, time invested in parameter tuning, and accuracy. The performances, strengths and shortcomings of each of the algorithms were examined, and finally, a conclusion was arrived at on which one has higher performance. It was evident from the literature reviewed that RF is too sensitive to small changes in the training dataset and is occasionally unstable and tends to overfit in the model. KNN is easy to implement and understand but has a major drawback of becoming significantly slow as the size of the data in use grows, while the ideal value of K for the KNN classifier is difficult to set. SVM and RF are insensitive to noise or overtraining, which shows their ability in dealing with unbalanced data. Larger input datasets will lengthen classification times for NN and KNN more than for SVM and RF. Among these nonparametric classification methods, NN has the potential to become a more widely used classification algorithm, but because of their time-consuming parameter tuning procedure, high level of complexity in computational processing, the numerous types of NN architectures to choose from and the high number of algorithms used for training, most researchers recommend SVM and RF as easier and wieldy used methods which repeatedly achieve results with high accuracies and are often faster to implement.展开更多
BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ trans...BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ transplantation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant recipients.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.This review included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at preventing antimicrobial resistance.The search strategy involved analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and SciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google Scholar.A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until May 2024,with no language restrictions.RESULTS After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic review ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were studied.The most studied microorganisms were cytomegalovirus,although vancomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also analyzed.The antimicrobials used in the interventions were mainly maribavir,valganciclovir,gancic-lovir,and colistin-neomycin.Of concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interventions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%vs 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribavir and valganciclovir(mean resistance 22.2%vs 41.1%in the control group;P<0.05).The total reported deaths in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two studies.CONCLUSION All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms following interventions.More high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to corroborate these results.展开更多
In this research study,magnesium-aluminum(Mg-Al)bimetallic oxide powders are synthesized via the sol-gel auto combustion method using diethanolamine(DEA)as the fuel.In order to subsequently determine the influence of ...In this research study,magnesium-aluminum(Mg-Al)bimetallic oxide powders are synthesized via the sol-gel auto combustion method using diethanolamine(DEA)as the fuel.In order to subsequently determine the influence of calcination temperatures upon the structure,chemical bonding,morphology,optical properties,and fluorescence properties of the as-synthesized and calcined Mg-Al bimetallic oxide powders,the researcher employed X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-DRS),and photoluminescence spectroscopy(PL),respectively.It was apparent on the basis of the XRD and FT-IR analyses that those powders undergoing calcination at temperatures of 500℃,700℃,and 900℃contained the major phase magnesium aluminate(Mg Al_(2)O_(4))spinel with trace magnesium oxide(Mg O)and hydrotalcite(Mg_(6)Al_(2)(CO_(3))(OH)_(16)).When the calcination temperature rose to 1100℃,this resulted in a single phase MgAl_(2)O_(4)while MgO and(Mg_(6)Al_(2)(CO_(3))(OH)_(16))were no longer observed.UV-DRS analysis revealed that in optimized conditions,calcination resulted in better sample absorption and reflection levels when compared to the ultraviolet,visible,and infrared spectra observed in the case of the as-synthesized sample.The bandgap energy(E_(g))for calcined samples was in the range of 2.65 e V to 5.85 e V,in contrast to the value of 4.10 e V for the as-synthesized sample.Analysis of photoluminescence showed that for the as-synthesized samples and those calcined at low temperatures,visible light was emitted only in the violet,blue,and green regions with low intensity,while for samples calcined at higher temperatures,the emissions showed greater intensity and extended to the yellow and orange regions.Multiple defect centers were found in the bandgap which can explain these findings.展开更多
BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a leading cause of arthritis-related morbidity.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),as living biopharmaceuticals,have emerged as a potential treatment option due to their anti-inflammator...BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a leading cause of arthritis-related morbidity.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),as living biopharmaceuticals,have emerged as a potential treatment option due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.AIM To compare the safety and efficacy of allogenic MSCs(^(Allo)MSCs)vs autologous MSCs(^(Auto)MSCs)in treating KOA in clinical settings.METHODS We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of^(Allo)MSCs vs^(Auto)MSCs in treating KOA.Our systematic search of four databases,including PubMed,Cochrane,Embase,and ClinicalTrials.gov,identified relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs)reporting MSC-based treatment for KOA and reporting visual analog scale,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis scores,and adverse events.We assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and calculated risk ratios(RRs)and weighted mean differences[with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)].Our statistical analyses used the R-Studio network meta-packages(version 2023.12.0).The study protocol was pre-registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(ID:CRD42024590866).RESULTS Nineteen RCTs involving 1216 patients with KOA met the inclusion criteria of the study.The network metaanalysis showed that^(Allo)MSCs gave a significant re-duction in visual analog scale scores by 14.91 points(95%CI:-24.52 to-5.30)vs 12.95 points with^(Auto)MSCs(95%CI:-24.42 to-1.48).For Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis score,^(Allo)MSCs led to a significant reduction of 23.12 points(95%CI:-31.15 to-15.10)compared with 12.45 points using^(Auto)MSCs(95%CI:-19.31 to-5.59),thus revealing a significant improvement with^(Allo)MSCs(weighted mean difference:-10.62,95%CI:-21.23 to-0.11).Additionally,^(Auto)MSCs treatment showed a higher risk of joint-related adverse events(RR=1.39,95%CI:1.07-1.79)compared with^(Allo)MSCs(RR=1.13,95%CI:1.01-1.25).CONCLUSION^(Allo)MSCs may offer superior clinical outcomes with a lower risk of adverse events compared with^(Auto)MSCs in the treatment of KOA.However,the need for further RCTs directly comparing the two MSC types is crucial to validate this data,underscoring the importance of our findings in this field.展开更多
Th e perspective article by Yang et al.[1],“Build the virtual cell with artificial intelligence:a perspective for cancer research”,provides a compelling vision for the transformative potential of artificial intellig...Th e perspective article by Yang et al.[1],“Build the virtual cell with artificial intelligence:a perspective for cancer research”,provides a compelling vision for the transformative potential of artificial intelligence virtual cells(AIVCs)in oncology.The authors outline how AIVCs could revolutionize cancer research by enabling in silico experimentation,overcoming multiomics bottlenecks,and accelerating drug development.However,the article presents a comprehensive framework,yet several pivotal questions remain unresolved,which warrant further discussion to advance the fi eld.展开更多
Background:Diabetes,a metabolic disease marked by endocrine dysfunctions,significantly impacts oxidative stress pathways.This study explores the protective effects of lemongrass extract(LE),citral,and lemongrass extra...Background:Diabetes,a metabolic disease marked by endocrine dysfunctions,significantly impacts oxidative stress pathways.This study explores the protective effects of lemongrass extract(LE),citral,and lemongrass extract-synthesized silver nanoparticles(LE-AgNP)against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf2 pathway,which is crucial for antioxidant responses.Methods:Various techniques characterized the nanoparticles,including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy,dynamic light scattering,zeta potential analysis,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Seventy rats,divided into seven groups,were used for in vivo experiments.Type 2 diabetes was induced using streptozotocin(65 mg/kg)and nicotinamide(90 mg/kg).After six weeks,biochemical parameters such as total antioxidant capacity,malondialdehyde,Nrf2,and Nrf2 miRNA were evaluated in pancreas tissue and blood serum,along with serum blood glucose levels.Results:LE-AgNP significantly improved weight gain,reduced food and water intake,and lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.LE and citral did not significantly alter these parameters but prevented the decline in Nrf2 gene expression.LE-AgNP showed a significant increase in Nrf2 gene expression compared to the diabetic control group.Conclusions:This study highlights the potential of LE,citral,and especially LE-AgNP in mitigating oxidative stress induced by diabetes.LE-AgNP demonstrated superior therapeutic benefits,including improved oxidative stress conditions and hypoglycemic effects.展开更多
BACKGROUND Smoking is a leading cause of carcinogenesis in the head and neck region,representing a critical public health issue.Identifying genotoxic damage in smokers can provide valuable insights for developing prev...BACKGROUND Smoking is a leading cause of carcinogenesis in the head and neck region,representing a critical public health issue.Identifying genotoxic damage in smokers can provide valuable insights for developing preventive interventions.AIM To assess genotoxic damage through the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from users of conventional tobacco,reverse smoking,cannabis,electronic cigarettes,and non-smokers.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants divided into five groups:20 conventional tobacco smokers,20 reverse smokers,20 electronic cigarette users,20 cannabis users,and 20 non-smokers.Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were analyzed using Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining to identify micronuclei(MN)as markers of genotoxic damage.RESULTS MN were present in 86%of the samples.Statistically significant differences were observed in the median micronucleus count between conventional,reverse,and electronic cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers(P<0.001),while no significant difference was found for cannabis smokers(P=0.89).A significant correlation was identified between the presence of oral lesions and micronucleus count(P=0.03).Regression analysis ruled out alcohol as a confounding factor.CONCLUSION This study identified genotoxic damage associated with various smoking habits,except for cannabis use,highlighting the need for public health interventions to reduce smoking and mitigate its genotoxic effects.These findings provide a foundation for future research and the implementation of preventive policies.展开更多
The article by Chauhan et al highlights the transformative potential of magnification tools in improving precision and outcomes across various dental specialties.While the authors discuss the advantages of magnificati...The article by Chauhan et al highlights the transformative potential of magnification tools in improving precision and outcomes across various dental specialties.While the authors discuss the advantages of magnification,they do not address the potential integration of artificial intelligence(AI)with magnification devices to further enhance diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency.This letter explores the synergy of AI with magnification tools,emphasizing its applicability in image-guided diagnostics,workflow optimization,and personalized treatment planning.The integration of AI and magnification also paves the way for personalized,data-driven treatment strategies,marking a significant evolution in dental care.However,it is important to acknowledge the limitations and challenges associated with AI,such as data privacy concerns,algorithmic biases,and the need for robust validation before clinical implementation.This discussion underscores the need for interdisciplinary research to realize this potential.展开更多
The widespread adoption of the internet has provided new platforms and possibilities for Chinese language instruction.Students can utilize online resources or mobile devices for learning outside the classroom,while te...The widespread adoption of the internet has provided new platforms and possibilities for Chinese language instruction.Students can utilize online resources or mobile devices for learning outside the classroom,while teachers can shift the“intensive instruction”component of comprehensive Chinese courses to extracurricular settings.This approach enables increased practice time during class sessions,truly placing the learner at the center of the educational process.The flipped classroom model aligns with this philosophy and complements the disciplinary characteristics of comprehensive Chinese courses.In practice,implementing the O-PIRTAS universal flipped classroom model revealed its effectiveness in enhancing oral proficiency and overall competency.However,it is essential to concurrently address students’writing skills and cultivate their awareness of the flipped classroom approach.展开更多
Background:The root of Desmodium gangeticum,a key component of“Dashamoola,”is a significant Ayurveda remedy for inflammatory conditions.Due to the less availability of D.gangeticum in Sri Lanka,indigenous physicians...Background:The root of Desmodium gangeticum,a key component of“Dashamoola,”is a significant Ayurveda remedy for inflammatory conditions.Due to the less availability of D.gangeticum in Sri Lanka,indigenous physicians often substitute Alysicarpus vaginalis root without scientific validation.Further,no comparative study has been conducted on the whole plants of these species.This research is focused on comparing the aqueous extracts of roots and whole plants of A.vaginalis and D.gangeticum for anti-inflammatory activity,acute toxicity,and to quantify major phytochemicals.Methods:Freeze-dried aqueous extracts were prepared and assessed for anti-inflammatory potency using the egg albumin denaturation assay,heat-induced red blood cell membrane stabilization assay,and nitric oxide assay.Acute toxicity was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo assay,and major phytochemicals,were quantitatively screened.Results:In egg albumin denaturation assay,D.gangeticum whole plant(IC_(50)107.89±0.71μg/mL)and root(IC_(50)210.37±0.39μg/mL)exhibited superior anti-inflammatory potency compared to diclofenac sodium(IC_(50)826.04±0.27μg/mL)and A.vaginalis(whole plant IC_(50)1,336μg/mL,root IC_(50)3,162.28μg/mL).In red blood cell membrane stabilization assay,D.gangeticum(whole plant IC_(50)47.86±0.52μg/mL,root IC_(50)331.13±0.83μg/mL)showed the highest activity.Quercetin(IC_(50)285.01μg/mL)was the most potent,with D.gangeticum(IC_(50)2,080.03μg/mL)and A.vaginalis(IC_(50)7,183.87μg/mL)showing weaker inhibition in the nitric oxide assay.Regarding toxicity,lower toxicity showed for D.gangeticum(LC502,570.39μg/mL)compared to A.vaginalis(LC501,348.96μg/mL).In phytochemical analysis,phenols,flavonoids,tannins,alkaloids and saponins were quantified.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between effects of all extracts and reference drugs(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comparative analysis revealed,D.gangeticum has higher anti-inflammatory activity and lower toxicity than A.vaginalis,suggesting its suitability over A.vaginalis in Sri Lankan practices.展开更多
Objective Immune infiltration and ferroptosis play pivotal roles in the progression of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).However,investigations of immune cell-related ferroptosis genes(ICRFGs)in the context of DKD are insu...Objective Immune infiltration and ferroptosis play pivotal roles in the progression of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).However,investigations of immune cell-related ferroptosis genes(ICRFGs)in the context of DKD are insufficient.This study aimed to identify ICRFGs relevant to DKD and screen related inhibitors.Methods In this study,two DKD datasets from the GEO database were utilized.We adopted the ESTIMATE algorithm to generate microenvironment scores.The CIBERSORT and WGCNA methods were employed to identify immune-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs).The common ICRFGs were derived through a Venn diagram.We employed random forest,LASSO,K-M survival,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,clinical relevance,and Spearman correlation analyses to select hub ICRFGs further.Immunohistochemical experiments were also performed to validate the expression.Additionally,we utilized the Selleck database to obtain ferroptosis-related compounds and used USCF Chimera 1.14 to minimize energy,combined with molecular dynamics(MD)simulations to explore possible ferroptosis inhibitors.Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase(ALOX5)was significantly highly expressed in the db/db group.Clinical correlation and K-M survival analyses confirmed ALOX5 as the most crucial ICRFG in DKD.Furthermore,ALOX5 was significantly enriched in the terms ECM-receptor interaction,regulation of chemokine production,and regulation of the inflammatory response.A positive correlation was observed between ALOX5 and M1 macrophages,γδT cells,and monocytes.Moreover,virtual screening and MD revealed NSC348884,salvianolic acid B,and deltarasin as potential ferroptosis inhibitors in combination with ALOX5.Conclusion We identified ALOX5 as a reliable and prospective diagnostic marker associated with immunity and ferroptosis in DKD patients.展开更多
Emerging evidence highlights the potential of bioactive compounds,particularly polyphenols,as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer(PC),one of the most aggressive malignancies.This review...Emerging evidence highlights the potential of bioactive compounds,particularly polyphenols,as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer(PC),one of the most aggressive malignancies.This review focuses on epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)and resveratrol due to their extensively documented anticancer activity,favorable safety profiles,and their unique ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways relevant to pan-creatic tumorigenesis.Among polyphenols,these two have shown superior anti-cancer activity,epigenetic regulatory effects,and synergy with standard chemotherapies in preclinical pancreatic cancer models.Resveratrol exhibits anti-proliferative effects by modulating key signaling pathways,including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),and tumor protein 53(p53).EGCG exerts anti-cancer activity by targeting multiple cellular processes,such as oxidative stress reduction,and suppression of inflammatory mediators like Interleukin-6(IL-6)and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α).Both EGCG and resveratrol exert anti-pancreatic cancer effects partly through direct interactions with cell surface receptors and modulation of intracellular cascades.EGCG targets the 67 kDa laminin receptor(67LR),which is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells,triggering apoptosis,cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)production and activation of the PKCδ/acid sphingomyelinase(ASM)cascade.Resveratrol inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R)activation of the PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways,while concurrently activating tumor suppressor p53.These interactions suppress proliferation,promote apoptosis,and reduce epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),thereby limiting tumor progression.Both polyphenols enhance chemosensitivity and reduce resistance to conventional therapies,including gemcitabine,by modulating drug transporters and apoptotic pathways.Furthermore,their epigenetic influence,particularly via DNA methylation and histone modification,suggests a broader role in pancreatic cancer prevention.Understanding the roles and mechanisms of resveratrol and EGCG in pancreatic cancer provides valuable insights into novel treatment strategies.The integration of polyphenols into conventional therapeutic approaches may offer new hope for improving patient outcomes.展开更多
We explore the manipulation of gray-ring dark solitons in a two-component Bose gas with tunable soft-core interactions through numerical simulations of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation.Our results demonstr...We explore the manipulation of gray-ring dark solitons in a two-component Bose gas with tunable soft-core interactions through numerical simulations of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation.Our results demonstrate that the lifetime of gray solitons with periodically modulated soft-core interactions significantly depends on their initial depth.Specifically,shallower initial depths lead to longer lifetimes when exceeding a critical depth threshold.Furthermore,the soliton depth also governs the number and dynamic of vortex pairs resulting from the collapse of the ring dark soliton.These depth-dependent topological transformations open new perspectives for quantum manipulation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion(LIF)procedures have evolved rapidly in recent years,with robot-assisted(RA)techniques increasingly integrated into clinical practice.However,questions remain regar...BACKGROUND Minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion(LIF)procedures have evolved rapidly in recent years,with robot-assisted(RA)techniques increasingly integrated into clinical practice.However,questions remain regarding the relative advantages of RA over traditional fluoroscopy-guided and navigation-assisted methods in terms of perioperative,radiographic,and clinical outcomes.This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on these comparisons,focusing on the accuracy of screw placement,perioperative efficiency,radiographic and clinical outcomes,and complications.AIM To investigate the comparative effectiveness of RA vs conventional LIF techniques.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane guidelines.Databases searched included PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Scopus,and the Cochrane Library(through May 2025).Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing RA with fluoroscopy-or navigation-guided LIF(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,lateral lumbar interbody fusion,oblique lumbar interbody fusion)in adults.Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation framework was used to evaluate certainty of evidence.Meta-analyses were performed where data were sufficiently homogeneous.RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included,encompassing a total of 2313 patients-1046 who underwent RA-guided procedures and 1267 who received comparator techniques.Meta-analyses showed that RA significantly improved perfect pedicle screw placement[pooled odds ratio=2.93;95%confidence interval(CI):1.40-6.14;I2=78.2%]and reduced intraoperative blood loss(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.28;95%CI:-0.47 to-0.08;I2=0%).Operative time did not significantly differ between groups(pooled standardized mean difference=0.01;95%CI:-0.30 to 0.31;I2=66%).Radiation dose could not be synthesized quantitatively due to heterogeneous definitions and measurement units.Narratively,RA demonstrated consistent advantages in reducing surgical exposure and adjacent segment degeneration.Clinical and radiographic outcomes,fusion success,and complication rates were generally comparable across groups.CONCLUSION RA LIF improves pedicle screw placement accuracy and reduces blood loss and surgeon radiation exposure while maintaining similar clinical outcomes and safety profiles to conventional techniques.These findings support the integration of RA into spine surgery but highlight the need for high-quality multicenter randomized controlled trials and cost-effectiveness studies to guide broader implementation.展开更多
This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The m...This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The motion of the fluid is taken as two-dimensional with the impact of a magnetic field in the normal direction. The variable, permeable, and stretching nature of sheet's surface sets the fluid into motion. Thermal and mass diffusions are controlled through the use of the Cattaneo–Christov flux model. A dataset is generated using MATLAB bvp4c package solver and employed to train an artificial neural network(ANN) based on the Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation(LMBP) algorithm. It has been observed as an outcome of this study that the modeled problem achieves peak performance at epochs 637, 112, 4848, and 344 using ANN-LMBP. The linear velocity of the fluid weakens with progression in variable porous and magnetic factors.With an augmentation in magnetic factor, the micro-rotational velocity profiles are augmented on the domain 0 ≤ η < 1.5 due to the support of micro-rotations by Lorentz forces close to the sheet's surface, while they are suppressed on the domain 1.5 ≤ η < 6.0 due to opposing micro-rotations away from the sheet's surface. Thermal distributions are augmented with an upsurge in thermophoresis, Brownian motion, magnetic, and radiation factors, while they are suppressed with an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter. Concentration profiles increase with an expansion in thermophoresis factor and are suppressed with an intensification of Brownian motion factor and solute relaxation factor. The absolute errors(AEs) are evaluated for all the four scenarios that fall within the range 10^(-3)–10^(-8) and are associated with the corresponding ANN configuration that demonstrates a fine degree of accuracy.展开更多
By numerical propagation of the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations, the ground state phase of a SU(3) spin–orbit coupled Bose gas with nonlocal soft-core interactions has been investigated within the all parameter s...By numerical propagation of the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations, the ground state phase of a SU(3) spin–orbit coupled Bose gas with nonlocal soft-core interactions has been investigated within the all parameter space, showing strong dependence on the strength of SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, nonlocal soft-core interactions, spin-exchange interactions and Rydberg blockade radius. More specially, we also perform a detailed study of the dependence of soft-core interaction on the Rydberg blockade radius at the point of rotational symmetry breaking. Our results show that under the combined effects of such parameters, the ground state shows a threefold-degenerate magnetized state for ferromagnetic spin interaction, while a variety of lattice phases for antiferromagnetic spin interaction.展开更多
Fluid flow through porous spaces with variable porosity has wide-range applications,notably in biomedical and thermal engineering,where it plays a vital role in comprehending blood flow dynamics within cardiovascular ...Fluid flow through porous spaces with variable porosity has wide-range applications,notably in biomedical and thermal engineering,where it plays a vital role in comprehending blood flow dynamics within cardiovascular systems,heat transfer and thermal management systems improve efficiency using porous materials with variable porosity.Keeping these important applications in view,in current study blood-based hybrid nanofluid flow has considered on a convectively heated sheet.The sheet exhibits the properties of a porous medium with variable porosity and extends in both the x and y directions.Blood has used as base fluid in which the nanoparticles of Cu and Cu O have been mixed.Thermal radiation,space-dependent,and thermal-dependent heat sources have been incorporated into the energy equation,while magnetic effects have been integrated into the momentum equations.Dimensionless variables have employed to transform the modeled equations into dimensionless form and facilitating their solution using bvp4c approach.It has concluded in this study that,both the primary and secondary velocities augmented with upsurge in variable porous factor and declined with escalation in stretching ratio,Casson,magnetic,and slip factors along x-and y-axes.Thermal distribution has grown up with upsurge in Casson factor,magnetic factor,thermal Biot number,and thermal/space-dependent heat sources while has retarded with growth in variable porous and stretching ratio factors.The findings of this investigation have been compared with the existing literature,revealing a strong agreement among present and established results that ensured the validation of the model and method used in this work.展开更多
文摘Remembrance activities can support the Culture of Care(CoC)in Laboratory Animal Science(LAS)not only by promoting a culture of respect,gratitude and thankfulness for animal life but also by helping the emotional processing and healing of lab animal researchers and animal facility staff.Even though remembrance activities are practiced in many parts of the world,we did not come across any reported cases in Sri Lanka before 2022.Therefore,here,we report on the various remembrance activities and practices observed within our local scientific community.
文摘BACKGROUND Robotic assistance is increasingly used for donor and recipient hepatectomy in liver transplantation,yet existing evidence is fragmented and variably indirect.AIM To evaluate clinical outcomes,surgical performance,and economic effects of robotic-assisted donor and recipient hepatectomy in the transplant pathway.METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 and a priori registration,systematic reviews were included with or without meta-analysis.Four databases were searched through July 2025.Methodological quality was appraised with a measurement tool to assess systematic reviews(AMSTAR 2),and certainty was graded with grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation(GRADE).Evidence overlap was calculated via a citation-matrix-based corrected covered area(CCA).Effect sizes were prespecified as risk ratios(RR)for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences for continuous outcomes.RESULTS Five reviews met the inclusion criteria,four with meta-analyses and one consensus review used only for context.Donor(direct)findings were more favorable for robotics in terms of estimated blood loss(≈-117 mL)and length of stay(≈-0.6 days),although with longer operative time(≈+105 minutes).Absolute risks for donor complications were not estimable from ratio-only data.Recipient(indirect)meta-analysis indicated robotics to be favorable in terms of conversion(RR≈0.41)and severe morbidity(RR≈0.81),with a trend toward lower overall morbidity(RR≈0.92)and no difference in 30-day mortality.Differences in length of stay and operative time were small and heterogeneous.Economic evidence(indirect,network meta-analysis)suggested higher procedural costs for robotic vs laparoscopic intervention,but lower hospitalization costs vs open intervention,with laparoscopy the least expensive overall.AMSTAR 2 ratings were moderate-to-high across the reviews,GRADE certainty was low for key donor continuous outcomes,and low-to-moderate for recipient and economic outcomes.Overlap was slight(graded-corpus CCA=0.0%;including a contextual non-transplant review increased CCA to≈1.25%).CONCLUSION Robotic donor hepatectomy confers perioperative advantages at the cost of longer operative time.Recipient and economic findings are indirect and considered hypothesis-generating.Transplant-specific,prospective comparisons using a minimum standardized dataset and uniform outcome definitions are needed to resolve remaining uncertainties and to clarify the cost-utility correlation.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(82360801).
文摘Tumor metabolic reprogramming is a core hallmark of cancer,characterized by pathways such as aerobic glycolysis,aberrant lipid metabolism,and glutaminolysis that support rapid proliferation and immunosuppressive microenvironments.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are highly stable,evolutionarily conserved non-coding RNAs that have emerged as critical modulators of these metabolic shifts.This review aims to systematically elucidate the roles and mechanisms of circRNAs in reprogramming tumor metabolism,and to discuss their clinical potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Through mechanisms including miRNA sponging,protein interactions,regulation of mitochondrial dynamics,and modulation of metabolic enzymes,circRNAs influence key metabolic pathways by targeting glycolytic enzymes,lipid synthesis regulators,and glutaminolysis-related molecules to either facilitate or inhibit their expression.This review systematically summarizes the unique contributions of circRNAs to tumor metabolic reprogramming,highlighting key mechanisms such as regulation of peptide-encoding protein translation,mitochondrial localization function,gene promoter-targeted transcriptional regulation,and cross-pathway metabolic mediation,which underscore their distinct biological advantages and regulatory roles in tumor metabolism.The stability and tissue specificity of circRNAs make them promising diagnostic biomarkers,while their role in drug resistance mediated by metabolic reprogramming highlights their potential as therapeutic targets.Strategies such as circRNA inhibitors,mimics,and nanoparticle-based delivery systems are being explored to modulate tumor metabolism.Despite challenges including complex regulatory networks and limited manipulation tools,advances in high-throughput technologies and clinical trials hold promise for translating circRNA research into novel cancer therapies.
文摘In this paper, sixty-eight research articles published between 2000 and 2017 as well as textbooks which employed four classification algorithms: K-Nearest-Neighbor (KNN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF) and Neural Network (NN) as the main statistical tools were reviewed. The aim was to examine and compare these nonparametric classification methods on the following attributes: robustness to training data, sensitivity to changes, data fitting, stability, ability to handle large data sizes, sensitivity to noise, time invested in parameter tuning, and accuracy. The performances, strengths and shortcomings of each of the algorithms were examined, and finally, a conclusion was arrived at on which one has higher performance. It was evident from the literature reviewed that RF is too sensitive to small changes in the training dataset and is occasionally unstable and tends to overfit in the model. KNN is easy to implement and understand but has a major drawback of becoming significantly slow as the size of the data in use grows, while the ideal value of K for the KNN classifier is difficult to set. SVM and RF are insensitive to noise or overtraining, which shows their ability in dealing with unbalanced data. Larger input datasets will lengthen classification times for NN and KNN more than for SVM and RF. Among these nonparametric classification methods, NN has the potential to become a more widely used classification algorithm, but because of their time-consuming parameter tuning procedure, high level of complexity in computational processing, the numerous types of NN architectures to choose from and the high number of algorithms used for training, most researchers recommend SVM and RF as easier and wieldy used methods which repeatedly achieve results with high accuracies and are often faster to implement.
文摘BACKGROUND In the absence of effective antimicrobials,transplant surgery is not viable,and antirejection immunosuppressants cannot be administered,as resistant infections compromise the life-saving goal of organ transplantation.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobials in preventing resistance in solid organ transplant recipients.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using a search methodology consistent with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.This review included randomized clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial agents(prophylactic or therapeutic)aimed at preventing antimicrobial resistance.The search strategy involved analyzing multiple databases,including PubMed/MEDLINE,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and SciELO,as well as examining gray literature sources on Google Scholar.A comprehensive electronic database search was conducted from the databases’inception until May 2024,with no language restrictions.RESULTS After the final phase of the eligibility assessment,this systematic review ultimate-ly included 7 articles.A total of 2318 patients were studied.The most studied microorganisms were cytomegalovirus,although vancomycinresistant enterococci,Clostridioides difficile,and multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales were also analyzed.The antimicrobials used in the interventions were mainly maribavir,valganciclovir,gancic-lovir,and colistin-neomycin.Of concern,all clinical trials showed significant proportions of resistant microorga-nisms after the interventions,with no statistically significant differences between the groups(mean resistance 13.47%vs 14.39%),except for two studies that demonstrated greater efficacy of maribavir and valganciclovir(mean resistance 22.2%vs 41.1%in the control group;P<0.05).The total reported deaths in three clinical trials were 75,and there were 24 graft rejections in two studies.CONCLUSION All clinical trials reported significant proportions of antimicrobial-resistant microorganisms following interventions.More high-quality randomized clinical trials are needed to corroborate these results.
基金financial supported from the Thailand Research Fund,Office of the Higher Education Commission(Grant number MRG6280220)。
文摘In this research study,magnesium-aluminum(Mg-Al)bimetallic oxide powders are synthesized via the sol-gel auto combustion method using diethanolamine(DEA)as the fuel.In order to subsequently determine the influence of calcination temperatures upon the structure,chemical bonding,morphology,optical properties,and fluorescence properties of the as-synthesized and calcined Mg-Al bimetallic oxide powders,the researcher employed X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),UV–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-DRS),and photoluminescence spectroscopy(PL),respectively.It was apparent on the basis of the XRD and FT-IR analyses that those powders undergoing calcination at temperatures of 500℃,700℃,and 900℃contained the major phase magnesium aluminate(Mg Al_(2)O_(4))spinel with trace magnesium oxide(Mg O)and hydrotalcite(Mg_(6)Al_(2)(CO_(3))(OH)_(16)).When the calcination temperature rose to 1100℃,this resulted in a single phase MgAl_(2)O_(4)while MgO and(Mg_(6)Al_(2)(CO_(3))(OH)_(16))were no longer observed.UV-DRS analysis revealed that in optimized conditions,calcination resulted in better sample absorption and reflection levels when compared to the ultraviolet,visible,and infrared spectra observed in the case of the as-synthesized sample.The bandgap energy(E_(g))for calcined samples was in the range of 2.65 e V to 5.85 e V,in contrast to the value of 4.10 e V for the as-synthesized sample.Analysis of photoluminescence showed that for the as-synthesized samples and those calcined at low temperatures,visible light was emitted only in the violet,blue,and green regions with low intensity,while for samples calcined at higher temperatures,the emissions showed greater intensity and extended to the yellow and orange regions.Multiple defect centers were found in the bandgap which can explain these findings.
文摘BACKGROUND Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)is a leading cause of arthritis-related morbidity.Mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),as living biopharmaceuticals,have emerged as a potential treatment option due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties.AIM To compare the safety and efficacy of allogenic MSCs(^(Allo)MSCs)vs autologous MSCs(^(Auto)MSCs)in treating KOA in clinical settings.METHODS We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis to compare the safety and efficacy of^(Allo)MSCs vs^(Auto)MSCs in treating KOA.Our systematic search of four databases,including PubMed,Cochrane,Embase,and ClinicalTrials.gov,identified relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs)reporting MSC-based treatment for KOA and reporting visual analog scale,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis scores,and adverse events.We assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the Cochrane Collaboration tool and calculated risk ratios(RRs)and weighted mean differences[with 95%confidence intervals(CIs)].Our statistical analyses used the R-Studio network meta-packages(version 2023.12.0).The study protocol was pre-registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews(ID:CRD42024590866).RESULTS Nineteen RCTs involving 1216 patients with KOA met the inclusion criteria of the study.The network metaanalysis showed that^(Allo)MSCs gave a significant re-duction in visual analog scale scores by 14.91 points(95%CI:-24.52 to-5.30)vs 12.95 points with^(Auto)MSCs(95%CI:-24.42 to-1.48).For Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis score,^(Allo)MSCs led to a significant reduction of 23.12 points(95%CI:-31.15 to-15.10)compared with 12.45 points using^(Auto)MSCs(95%CI:-19.31 to-5.59),thus revealing a significant improvement with^(Allo)MSCs(weighted mean difference:-10.62,95%CI:-21.23 to-0.11).Additionally,^(Auto)MSCs treatment showed a higher risk of joint-related adverse events(RR=1.39,95%CI:1.07-1.79)compared with^(Allo)MSCs(RR=1.13,95%CI:1.01-1.25).CONCLUSION^(Allo)MSCs may offer superior clinical outcomes with a lower risk of adverse events compared with^(Auto)MSCs in the treatment of KOA.However,the need for further RCTs directly comparing the two MSC types is crucial to validate this data,underscoring the importance of our findings in this field.
文摘Th e perspective article by Yang et al.[1],“Build the virtual cell with artificial intelligence:a perspective for cancer research”,provides a compelling vision for the transformative potential of artificial intelligence virtual cells(AIVCs)in oncology.The authors outline how AIVCs could revolutionize cancer research by enabling in silico experimentation,overcoming multiomics bottlenecks,and accelerating drug development.However,the article presents a comprehensive framework,yet several pivotal questions remain unresolved,which warrant further discussion to advance the fi eld.
文摘Background:Diabetes,a metabolic disease marked by endocrine dysfunctions,significantly impacts oxidative stress pathways.This study explores the protective effects of lemongrass extract(LE),citral,and lemongrass extract-synthesized silver nanoparticles(LE-AgNP)against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress by modulating the Nrf2 pathway,which is crucial for antioxidant responses.Methods:Various techniques characterized the nanoparticles,including ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy,dynamic light scattering,zeta potential analysis,Fouriertransform infrared spectroscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Seventy rats,divided into seven groups,were used for in vivo experiments.Type 2 diabetes was induced using streptozotocin(65 mg/kg)and nicotinamide(90 mg/kg).After six weeks,biochemical parameters such as total antioxidant capacity,malondialdehyde,Nrf2,and Nrf2 miRNA were evaluated in pancreas tissue and blood serum,along with serum blood glucose levels.Results:LE-AgNP significantly improved weight gain,reduced food and water intake,and lowered blood glucose levels in diabetic rats.LE and citral did not significantly alter these parameters but prevented the decline in Nrf2 gene expression.LE-AgNP showed a significant increase in Nrf2 gene expression compared to the diabetic control group.Conclusions:This study highlights the potential of LE,citral,and especially LE-AgNP in mitigating oxidative stress induced by diabetes.LE-AgNP demonstrated superior therapeutic benefits,including improved oxidative stress conditions and hypoglycemic effects.
文摘BACKGROUND Smoking is a leading cause of carcinogenesis in the head and neck region,representing a critical public health issue.Identifying genotoxic damage in smokers can provide valuable insights for developing preventive interventions.AIM To assess genotoxic damage through the micronucleus assay in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells from users of conventional tobacco,reverse smoking,cannabis,electronic cigarettes,and non-smokers.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with 100 participants divided into five groups:20 conventional tobacco smokers,20 reverse smokers,20 electronic cigarette users,20 cannabis users,and 20 non-smokers.Exfoliated buccal mucosa cells were analyzed using Giemsa and Papanicolaou staining to identify micronuclei(MN)as markers of genotoxic damage.RESULTS MN were present in 86%of the samples.Statistically significant differences were observed in the median micronucleus count between conventional,reverse,and electronic cigarette smokers compared to non-smokers(P<0.001),while no significant difference was found for cannabis smokers(P=0.89).A significant correlation was identified between the presence of oral lesions and micronucleus count(P=0.03).Regression analysis ruled out alcohol as a confounding factor.CONCLUSION This study identified genotoxic damage associated with various smoking habits,except for cannabis use,highlighting the need for public health interventions to reduce smoking and mitigate its genotoxic effects.These findings provide a foundation for future research and the implementation of preventive policies.
文摘The article by Chauhan et al highlights the transformative potential of magnification tools in improving precision and outcomes across various dental specialties.While the authors discuss the advantages of magnification,they do not address the potential integration of artificial intelligence(AI)with magnification devices to further enhance diagnostic and therapeutic efficiency.This letter explores the synergy of AI with magnification tools,emphasizing its applicability in image-guided diagnostics,workflow optimization,and personalized treatment planning.The integration of AI and magnification also paves the way for personalized,data-driven treatment strategies,marking a significant evolution in dental care.However,it is important to acknowledge the limitations and challenges associated with AI,such as data privacy concerns,algorithmic biases,and the need for robust validation before clinical implementation.This discussion underscores the need for interdisciplinary research to realize this potential.
文摘The widespread adoption of the internet has provided new platforms and possibilities for Chinese language instruction.Students can utilize online resources or mobile devices for learning outside the classroom,while teachers can shift the“intensive instruction”component of comprehensive Chinese courses to extracurricular settings.This approach enables increased practice time during class sessions,truly placing the learner at the center of the educational process.The flipped classroom model aligns with this philosophy and complements the disciplinary characteristics of comprehensive Chinese courses.In practice,implementing the O-PIRTAS universal flipped classroom model revealed its effectiveness in enhancing oral proficiency and overall competency.However,it is essential to concurrently address students’writing skills and cultivate their awareness of the flipped classroom approach.
基金funding agency in the public,commercial,or not-for-profit sectors.
文摘Background:The root of Desmodium gangeticum,a key component of“Dashamoola,”is a significant Ayurveda remedy for inflammatory conditions.Due to the less availability of D.gangeticum in Sri Lanka,indigenous physicians often substitute Alysicarpus vaginalis root without scientific validation.Further,no comparative study has been conducted on the whole plants of these species.This research is focused on comparing the aqueous extracts of roots and whole plants of A.vaginalis and D.gangeticum for anti-inflammatory activity,acute toxicity,and to quantify major phytochemicals.Methods:Freeze-dried aqueous extracts were prepared and assessed for anti-inflammatory potency using the egg albumin denaturation assay,heat-induced red blood cell membrane stabilization assay,and nitric oxide assay.Acute toxicity was evaluated using the zebrafish embryo assay,and major phytochemicals,were quantitatively screened.Results:In egg albumin denaturation assay,D.gangeticum whole plant(IC_(50)107.89±0.71μg/mL)and root(IC_(50)210.37±0.39μg/mL)exhibited superior anti-inflammatory potency compared to diclofenac sodium(IC_(50)826.04±0.27μg/mL)and A.vaginalis(whole plant IC_(50)1,336μg/mL,root IC_(50)3,162.28μg/mL).In red blood cell membrane stabilization assay,D.gangeticum(whole plant IC_(50)47.86±0.52μg/mL,root IC_(50)331.13±0.83μg/mL)showed the highest activity.Quercetin(IC_(50)285.01μg/mL)was the most potent,with D.gangeticum(IC_(50)2,080.03μg/mL)and A.vaginalis(IC_(50)7,183.87μg/mL)showing weaker inhibition in the nitric oxide assay.Regarding toxicity,lower toxicity showed for D.gangeticum(LC502,570.39μg/mL)compared to A.vaginalis(LC501,348.96μg/mL).In phytochemical analysis,phenols,flavonoids,tannins,alkaloids and saponins were quantified.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between effects of all extracts and reference drugs(P<0.05).Conclusion:Comparative analysis revealed,D.gangeticum has higher anti-inflammatory activity and lower toxicity than A.vaginalis,suggesting its suitability over A.vaginalis in Sri Lankan practices.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Basic Research Program(Natural Science)(No.Qiankehe Foundation-ZK[2023]General 428)Guizhou Provincial Department of Education 2024 Natural Science Research Project(Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project)(No.Qiankejiao[2024]116)the Science and Technology Foundation of Guizhou Provincial Health Commission(No.gzwkj2022-008).
文摘Objective Immune infiltration and ferroptosis play pivotal roles in the progression of diabetic kidney disease(DKD).However,investigations of immune cell-related ferroptosis genes(ICRFGs)in the context of DKD are insufficient.This study aimed to identify ICRFGs relevant to DKD and screen related inhibitors.Methods In this study,two DKD datasets from the GEO database were utilized.We adopted the ESTIMATE algorithm to generate microenvironment scores.The CIBERSORT and WGCNA methods were employed to identify immune-related differentially expressed genes(DEGs).The common ICRFGs were derived through a Venn diagram.We employed random forest,LASSO,K-M survival,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,clinical relevance,and Spearman correlation analyses to select hub ICRFGs further.Immunohistochemical experiments were also performed to validate the expression.Additionally,we utilized the Selleck database to obtain ferroptosis-related compounds and used USCF Chimera 1.14 to minimize energy,combined with molecular dynamics(MD)simulations to explore possible ferroptosis inhibitors.Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase(ALOX5)was significantly highly expressed in the db/db group.Clinical correlation and K-M survival analyses confirmed ALOX5 as the most crucial ICRFG in DKD.Furthermore,ALOX5 was significantly enriched in the terms ECM-receptor interaction,regulation of chemokine production,and regulation of the inflammatory response.A positive correlation was observed between ALOX5 and M1 macrophages,γδT cells,and monocytes.Moreover,virtual screening and MD revealed NSC348884,salvianolic acid B,and deltarasin as potential ferroptosis inhibitors in combination with ALOX5.Conclusion We identified ALOX5 as a reliable and prospective diagnostic marker associated with immunity and ferroptosis in DKD patients.
文摘Emerging evidence highlights the potential of bioactive compounds,particularly polyphenols,as adjunctive therapeutic agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer(PC),one of the most aggressive malignancies.This review focuses on epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)and resveratrol due to their extensively documented anticancer activity,favorable safety profiles,and their unique ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways relevant to pan-creatic tumorigenesis.Among polyphenols,these two have shown superior anti-cancer activity,epigenetic regulatory effects,and synergy with standard chemotherapies in preclinical pancreatic cancer models.Resveratrol exhibits anti-proliferative effects by modulating key signaling pathways,including phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt),nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB),and tumor protein 53(p53).EGCG exerts anti-cancer activity by targeting multiple cellular processes,such as oxidative stress reduction,and suppression of inflammatory mediators like Interleukin-6(IL-6)and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α(TNF-α).Both EGCG and resveratrol exert anti-pancreatic cancer effects partly through direct interactions with cell surface receptors and modulation of intracellular cascades.EGCG targets the 67 kDa laminin receptor(67LR),which is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer cells,triggering apoptosis,cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)production and activation of the PKCδ/acid sphingomyelinase(ASM)cascade.Resveratrol inhibits insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor(IGF-1R)activation of the PI3K/Akt and Wnt signaling pathways,while concurrently activating tumor suppressor p53.These interactions suppress proliferation,promote apoptosis,and reduce epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT),thereby limiting tumor progression.Both polyphenols enhance chemosensitivity and reduce resistance to conventional therapies,including gemcitabine,by modulating drug transporters and apoptotic pathways.Furthermore,their epigenetic influence,particularly via DNA methylation and histone modification,suggests a broader role in pancreatic cancer prevention.Understanding the roles and mechanisms of resveratrol and EGCG in pancreatic cancer provides valuable insights into novel treatment strategies.The integration of polyphenols into conventional therapeutic approaches may offer new hope for improving patient outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12175129,12475004,12175027,12005125)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDBSLY7016)+4 种基金the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics(Grant No.22JSY034)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi ProvinceChina(Grant No.2024GX-YBXM-564)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(Grant No.23JP020)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities。
文摘We explore the manipulation of gray-ring dark solitons in a two-component Bose gas with tunable soft-core interactions through numerical simulations of the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation.Our results demonstrate that the lifetime of gray solitons with periodically modulated soft-core interactions significantly depends on their initial depth.Specifically,shallower initial depths lead to longer lifetimes when exceeding a critical depth threshold.Furthermore,the soliton depth also governs the number and dynamic of vortex pairs resulting from the collapse of the ring dark soliton.These depth-dependent topological transformations open new perspectives for quantum manipulation.
文摘BACKGROUND Minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion(LIF)procedures have evolved rapidly in recent years,with robot-assisted(RA)techniques increasingly integrated into clinical practice.However,questions remain regarding the relative advantages of RA over traditional fluoroscopy-guided and navigation-assisted methods in terms of perioperative,radiographic,and clinical outcomes.This systematic review synthesizes current evidence on these comparisons,focusing on the accuracy of screw placement,perioperative efficiency,radiographic and clinical outcomes,and complications.AIM To investigate the comparative effectiveness of RA vs conventional LIF techniques.METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane guidelines.Databases searched included PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Scopus,and the Cochrane Library(through May 2025).Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing RA with fluoroscopy-or navigation-guided LIF(transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,lateral lumbar interbody fusion,oblique lumbar interbody fusion)in adults.Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation framework was used to evaluate certainty of evidence.Meta-analyses were performed where data were sufficiently homogeneous.RESULTS Twenty-two studies were included,encompassing a total of 2313 patients-1046 who underwent RA-guided procedures and 1267 who received comparator techniques.Meta-analyses showed that RA significantly improved perfect pedicle screw placement[pooled odds ratio=2.93;95%confidence interval(CI):1.40-6.14;I2=78.2%]and reduced intraoperative blood loss(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.28;95%CI:-0.47 to-0.08;I2=0%).Operative time did not significantly differ between groups(pooled standardized mean difference=0.01;95%CI:-0.30 to 0.31;I2=66%).Radiation dose could not be synthesized quantitatively due to heterogeneous definitions and measurement units.Narratively,RA demonstrated consistent advantages in reducing surgical exposure and adjacent segment degeneration.Clinical and radiographic outcomes,fusion success,and complication rates were generally comparable across groups.CONCLUSION RA LIF improves pedicle screw placement accuracy and reduces blood loss and surgeon radiation exposure while maintaining similar clinical outcomes and safety profiles to conventional techniques.These findings support the integration of RA into spine surgery but highlight the need for high-quality multicenter randomized controlled trials and cost-effectiveness studies to guide broader implementation.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through large Research Group Project (Grant No. RGP2/198/45)Project supported by Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University (Grant No. PSAU/2025/R/1446)。
文摘This work investigates water-based micropolar hybrid nanofluid(MHNF) flow on an elongating variable porous sheet.Nanoparticles of diamond and copper have been used in the water to boost its thermal conductivity. The motion of the fluid is taken as two-dimensional with the impact of a magnetic field in the normal direction. The variable, permeable, and stretching nature of sheet's surface sets the fluid into motion. Thermal and mass diffusions are controlled through the use of the Cattaneo–Christov flux model. A dataset is generated using MATLAB bvp4c package solver and employed to train an artificial neural network(ANN) based on the Levenberg–Marquardt back-propagation(LMBP) algorithm. It has been observed as an outcome of this study that the modeled problem achieves peak performance at epochs 637, 112, 4848, and 344 using ANN-LMBP. The linear velocity of the fluid weakens with progression in variable porous and magnetic factors.With an augmentation in magnetic factor, the micro-rotational velocity profiles are augmented on the domain 0 ≤ η < 1.5 due to the support of micro-rotations by Lorentz forces close to the sheet's surface, while they are suppressed on the domain 1.5 ≤ η < 6.0 due to opposing micro-rotations away from the sheet's surface. Thermal distributions are augmented with an upsurge in thermophoresis, Brownian motion, magnetic, and radiation factors, while they are suppressed with an upsurge in thermal relaxation parameter. Concentration profiles increase with an expansion in thermophoresis factor and are suppressed with an intensification of Brownian motion factor and solute relaxation factor. The absolute errors(AEs) are evaluated for all the four scenarios that fall within the range 10^(-3)–10^(-8) and are associated with the corresponding ANN configuration that demonstrates a fine degree of accuracy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12175129, 12475004, 12175027, and 12005125)the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. ZDBSLY7016)+3 种基金the Shaanxi Fundamental Science Research Project for Mathematics and Physics (Grant No. 22JSY034)the Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2024GX-YBXM-564)the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 23JP020)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities。
文摘By numerical propagation of the coupled Gross–Pitaevskii equations, the ground state phase of a SU(3) spin–orbit coupled Bose gas with nonlocal soft-core interactions has been investigated within the all parameter space, showing strong dependence on the strength of SU(3) spin–orbit coupling, nonlocal soft-core interactions, spin-exchange interactions and Rydberg blockade radius. More specially, we also perform a detailed study of the dependence of soft-core interaction on the Rydberg blockade radius at the point of rotational symmetry breaking. Our results show that under the combined effects of such parameters, the ground state shows a threefold-degenerate magnetized state for ferromagnetic spin interaction, while a variety of lattice phases for antiferromagnetic spin interaction.
基金supported via funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University(Grant No.PSAU/2024/R/1446)。
文摘Fluid flow through porous spaces with variable porosity has wide-range applications,notably in biomedical and thermal engineering,where it plays a vital role in comprehending blood flow dynamics within cardiovascular systems,heat transfer and thermal management systems improve efficiency using porous materials with variable porosity.Keeping these important applications in view,in current study blood-based hybrid nanofluid flow has considered on a convectively heated sheet.The sheet exhibits the properties of a porous medium with variable porosity and extends in both the x and y directions.Blood has used as base fluid in which the nanoparticles of Cu and Cu O have been mixed.Thermal radiation,space-dependent,and thermal-dependent heat sources have been incorporated into the energy equation,while magnetic effects have been integrated into the momentum equations.Dimensionless variables have employed to transform the modeled equations into dimensionless form and facilitating their solution using bvp4c approach.It has concluded in this study that,both the primary and secondary velocities augmented with upsurge in variable porous factor and declined with escalation in stretching ratio,Casson,magnetic,and slip factors along x-and y-axes.Thermal distribution has grown up with upsurge in Casson factor,magnetic factor,thermal Biot number,and thermal/space-dependent heat sources while has retarded with growth in variable porous and stretching ratio factors.The findings of this investigation have been compared with the existing literature,revealing a strong agreement among present and established results that ensured the validation of the model and method used in this work.
