This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation...This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m^2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m^2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.展开更多
This study was conducted in context to preserve tomato healthiness and to improve its yield in field.It aimed to assess some effects of non-aerated sheep manure and water jacinthe(Eichhornia crassipes)composts teas.It...This study was conducted in context to preserve tomato healthiness and to improve its yield in field.It aimed to assess some effects of non-aerated sheep manure and water jacinthe(Eichhornia crassipes)composts teas.It specifically consisted to evaluate two teas effects on tomato’s:(a)A.solani foliar disease,(b)yield and(c)mycorrhization intensity.The experiments were conducted according to completely randomized Fisher block with four repetitions.Three treatments were considered:plants receiving non-aerated sheep manure compost tea(TCFM),plants receiving non-aerated water jacinthe compost tea(TCJE),and control plants(T0)without compost tea application.The experiments were repeated twice.Teas application started at four-leaf stage of tomato plants.It was weekly and insured by manual foliar spraying and watering of the plants.To determine the preventive suppressive effects of compost teas,three days after its initial application,plants were artificially inoculated by foliar spraying with Alternaria solani sporal suspension.Data were analyzed with R software.Tukey Contrasts test at 5%threshold was used to compare means.Results showed that TCFM was the most suppressive on A.solani and also had enhanced tomato yield in field.Both teas did not have a meaningful effect on tomato mycorrhization intensity.These results showed that TCFM can serve as biopesticide and biofertilizer in tomato culture.展开更多
The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harves...The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.展开更多
In this study,two series of foams based on tannic acid(TA),furfuryl alcohol(FA),soybean protein isolate(SPI),and casein(CA),namely TA–FA–SPI(TS series)and TA–FA–CA(TC series)were developed,and their properties wer...In this study,two series of foams based on tannic acid(TA),furfuryl alcohol(FA),soybean protein isolate(SPI),and casein(CA),namely TA–FA–SPI(TS series)and TA–FA–CA(TC series)were developed,and their properties were enhanced by adding poplar fibers(WF).From the samples produced,a complete set of characterization was performed including possible crosslinking reactions,morphology,mechanical properties,flame retardancy,thermal insulation and thermal stability.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)revealed possible covalent crosslinking among the components and hydrogen bonding between WF and the matrix.Viscosity results indicated that lower prepolymer viscosity led to lower apparent density,while WF addition reduced even more the density.Mechanical tests showed that the maximum compressive strengths were good,while WF improved the compressive strength by up to 56%.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed uniform cell structures,but small open pores were observed.Two-dimensional(2D)CT scan images confirmed the good compatibility between WF and the matrix,with low anisotropy in the material.Friability tests indicated that WF decreased the pulverization ratio of the materials by up to 42%.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)showed good thermal stability of the materials up to 328°C.Vertical burning tests showed that the materials were self-extinguishing without residue(dripping).The lowest thermal conductivity was 0.04 W/m·K.These results suggest that these novel formaldehyde-free,high biomass content(95%–96%)foams and composite foams have high potential to replace traditional phenolic foams(PF)in applications such as construction,transportation,packaging,and thermal insulation.展开更多
Similar to transpiration,the formulation of interfacial solar evaporation has been designed to perform water treatment.The concept involves wood-based support(tree)with a graphene-based layer acting as leaves.To enhan...Similar to transpiration,the formulation of interfacial solar evaporation has been designed to perform water treatment.The concept involves wood-based support(tree)with a graphene-based layer acting as leaves.To enhance light absorption and solar-thermal conversion capacity,a novel holly-leaf graphene(HLG)layer with an individual hollowed-out structure was engineered.The formation mechanism of this HLG was shown to be linked to the strong capillarity forces in the polyporous wood.By creating biomimetic leaves made of graphene,the light-to-heat conversion performance can be improved,while exhibiting substantially lower thermal conductivity(0.074 W/(m K))than natural wood.Under solar irradiation,HLG/wood exhibits an outstanding evaporation rate of 1.96 kg/(m^(2)h),with an impressive ef-ficiency of 94.2%.A theoretical model of HLG/wood based on the thermal management capability was built to further confirm its structural superiority in facilitating photothermal conversion.Consequently,a bilayer evaporator based on HLG/wood has the potential to revolutionize water purification processes,including desalination of seawater,removal of heavy metal ions,and treatment of organic dye-contaminated wastewater.展开更多
In this paper,the residue from bamboo factory has been used to design photo-Fenton catalyst,which has the advantages of low cost and magnetic recycling.The photo-Fenton catalytic performance of the biocarbon-based cat...In this paper,the residue from bamboo factory has been used to design photo-Fenton catalyst,which has the advantages of low cost and magnetic recycling.The photo-Fenton catalytic performance of the biocarbon-based catalyst was excellent and its optimal preparation process was also explored by response surface methodology.First,bamboo-carbon fiber was selected as the photo-Fenton catalyst carrier.Subsequently,the surface of the car-bon fiber was modified,with which dopamine,nano-Fe_(3)O_(4) and nano-TiO_(2) were successively loaded by hydro-thermal method.After the single factor tests,four factors including dopamine concentration,ferric chloride mass,P25 titanium dioxide mass and liquid-solid ratio were selected as the characteristic values.The degradation efficiency of photo-Fenton catalyst to methylene blue(MB)solution was treated as the response value.After the analysis of the response surface optimization,it was shown that the significance sequence of the selected 4 factors in terms of the MB degradation efficiency was arranged as follows:dopamine concentration>liquid-solid ratio>P25 titanium dioxide quality>ferric chloride quality.The optimal process parameters of fiber-carbon catalyst were affirmed as follows:the 1.7 mg/mL concentration of dopamine,the 1.2 g mass of ferric chloride,the 0.2 g mass of P25 titanium dioxide and the liquid-solid ratio of 170 mL/g.The experiment-measured average MB degra-dation efficiency performed by the optimized catalyst was 99.3%,which was nearly similar to the model-predicted value of 98.9%.It showed that the prediction model and response surface model were accurate and reliable.The results from response surface optimization could provide a good reference to design bamboo-based Fenton-like catalyst with excellent catalytic performance.展开更多
Hard carbon stands out as the most promising candidate for anodes in sodium-ion battery.Nevertheless,addressing the challenges of low initial Coulombic efficiency and rate performance is crucial for practical applicat...Hard carbon stands out as the most promising candidate for anodes in sodium-ion battery.Nevertheless,addressing the challenges of low initial Coulombic efficiency and rate performance is crucial for practical applications.In this study,we employed a dimensionally designed approach,using six different biomass precursors,to preserve their inherent fine hierarchical morphological structures and appearances during the synthesis of selfsupporting carbon materials.Benefiting from its low-tortuosity structure that facilitates electron and ion transport,as well as its surface-enriched C=O functional groups and significant closed micropore areas,the obtained carbon material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in sodium-ion storage,demonstrated by finite element simulation.Notably,the carbonized basswood exhibited a remarkable initial Coulombic efficiency of up to 92.4%and demonstrated outstanding rate performance,achieving a capacity of 223.3 mAh·g^(-1)at a high current density of2 A·g^(-1).In addition,thorough investigation was conducted on the influence of microstructure on the sodium storage behavior of hard carbon.Ex situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)was used to confirm that the capacity in the plateau region originates from interlayer insertion and closed-pore filling,which is consistent with the results obtained from smallangle X-ray scattering.These findings underscore the immense potential of leveraging surface functionalization and structural design to bolster the performance of hard carbon,paving the way for promising future advancements in this field.展开更多
Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora chinensis(Citrus longhorn beetle,CLB)are native forest pests in China;they have become important international quarantine pests.They are found using t...Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora chinensis(Citrus longhorn beetle,CLB)are native forest pests in China;they have become important international quarantine pests.They are found using the same Salix aureopendula host tree of Cixi,Zhejiang province,China.On this host tree,we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and CLB.By using a stereoscope,we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra,which was inconsistent with ALB,which typically has a smooth elytral base,but was more like CLB,which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral base.Given their sympatry and intermediate morphology,we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×CLB hybrids.We studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples(ALB,CLB,and putative hybrids)using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)providing a reduced representation of the entire genome.Employing principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data,we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB,but genetically distinct from the CLB individuals.Therefore,our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic data.Further,while mating experiments between adult ALB and CLB were successful in 4 separate years(2017,2018,2020,and 2021),and oviposition behavior was observed,no progeny was produced.Having employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments,we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within ALB.Our approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.展开更多
基金Ilam University is kindly acknowledged for its financial support for this research work
文摘This study aimed to investigate the interaction between regions with different climatic conditions(arid vs. semi-arid) and management(protected vs. unprotected) on the turnover and nestedness of vegetation in relation to physical, chemical and biological properties of soils in the Ilam Province of Iran. In each of the two regions, we sampled 8 sites(4 managed and 4 unmanaged sites) within each of which we established 4 circular plots(1000 m^2) that were used to investigate woody species, while two micro-plots(1 m×1 m) were established in each 1000-m^2 plot to analyze herbaceous species. In each sample unit, we also extracted three soil samples(0–20 cm depth) for measuring soil properties. The results indicated that the interaction between region and conservational management significantly affected the percent of canopy cover of Persian oak(Quercus brantii Linddl), soil respiration, substrate-induced respiration, as well as beta and gamma diversities and turnover of plant species. The percent of oak canopy cover was positively correlated with soil silt, electrical conductivity, available potassium, and alpha diversity, whereas it was negatively correlated with plant turnover. In addition, plant turnover was positively related to available phosphorus, while nestedness of species was positively related to organic carbon and total nitrogen. According to these results, we concluded that physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of limited ecological niche generally influenced plant diversity. Also, this study demonstrated the major contribution of the beta diversity on gamma diversity, especially in semi-arid region, because of the higher heterogeneity of vegetation in this area.
基金We thank the Ministry of High Education and Scientific Research of Mali,and the Laval University of Quebec for financing this studyWe also thank the Rural Polytechnic Institute(IPR/IFRA)of Mali for collaboration.
文摘This study was conducted in context to preserve tomato healthiness and to improve its yield in field.It aimed to assess some effects of non-aerated sheep manure and water jacinthe(Eichhornia crassipes)composts teas.It specifically consisted to evaluate two teas effects on tomato’s:(a)A.solani foliar disease,(b)yield and(c)mycorrhization intensity.The experiments were conducted according to completely randomized Fisher block with four repetitions.Three treatments were considered:plants receiving non-aerated sheep manure compost tea(TCFM),plants receiving non-aerated water jacinthe compost tea(TCJE),and control plants(T0)without compost tea application.The experiments were repeated twice.Teas application started at four-leaf stage of tomato plants.It was weekly and insured by manual foliar spraying and watering of the plants.To determine the preventive suppressive effects of compost teas,three days after its initial application,plants were artificially inoculated by foliar spraying with Alternaria solani sporal suspension.Data were analyzed with R software.Tukey Contrasts test at 5%threshold was used to compare means.Results showed that TCFM was the most suppressive on A.solani and also had enhanced tomato yield in field.Both teas did not have a meaningful effect on tomato mycorrhization intensity.These results showed that TCFM can serve as biopesticide and biofertilizer in tomato culture.
文摘The stem barks of Prunus africana are used in the treatment of the benign prostate. Cameroon is one of the important exporters of the barks. Despite the important measures adopted in Cameroon for sustaining its harvesting, some many chalenges still remain. The objective of this work is to refine the forest management parameters in relation to P. africana in the regions of Adamaoua and the South-West by developing a volume rate which makes it possible to estimate the production for a new stem. The work took place in two phases: in the South-West in 2010 and in Adamaoua in 2011. Data collection used the semi-direct method, while the cubing equation was deduced by the multiple linear regression method. Two models for volume estimation and three models for mass prediction were developed. The predictive parameters retained are diameter, height of the bole and thickness of the bark. Results show that the average mass of the dry bark for a given P. africana tree species is 27.55 ± 14.44 kg and this varies according to the site. The strong adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) observed illustrates the reliability of the proposed models. These models provide a reliable tool that can be adopted as a standard in Cameroon for P. africana.
基金funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)for financial support,Grant Nos.CG125664 and GF136078.
文摘In this study,two series of foams based on tannic acid(TA),furfuryl alcohol(FA),soybean protein isolate(SPI),and casein(CA),namely TA–FA–SPI(TS series)and TA–FA–CA(TC series)were developed,and their properties were enhanced by adding poplar fibers(WF).From the samples produced,a complete set of characterization was performed including possible crosslinking reactions,morphology,mechanical properties,flame retardancy,thermal insulation and thermal stability.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)revealed possible covalent crosslinking among the components and hydrogen bonding between WF and the matrix.Viscosity results indicated that lower prepolymer viscosity led to lower apparent density,while WF addition reduced even more the density.Mechanical tests showed that the maximum compressive strengths were good,while WF improved the compressive strength by up to 56%.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)showed uniform cell structures,but small open pores were observed.Two-dimensional(2D)CT scan images confirmed the good compatibility between WF and the matrix,with low anisotropy in the material.Friability tests indicated that WF decreased the pulverization ratio of the materials by up to 42%.Thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)showed good thermal stability of the materials up to 328°C.Vertical burning tests showed that the materials were self-extinguishing without residue(dripping).The lowest thermal conductivity was 0.04 W/m·K.These results suggest that these novel formaldehyde-free,high biomass content(95%–96%)foams and composite foams have high potential to replace traditional phenolic foams(PF)in applications such as construction,transportation,packaging,and thermal insulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Nos.32171709 and 32271791)the Forestry Science and Technology Innovation of Hunan Province(No.XLK202107-3)the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department(No.21B0242).
文摘Similar to transpiration,the formulation of interfacial solar evaporation has been designed to perform water treatment.The concept involves wood-based support(tree)with a graphene-based layer acting as leaves.To enhance light absorption and solar-thermal conversion capacity,a novel holly-leaf graphene(HLG)layer with an individual hollowed-out structure was engineered.The formation mechanism of this HLG was shown to be linked to the strong capillarity forces in the polyporous wood.By creating biomimetic leaves made of graphene,the light-to-heat conversion performance can be improved,while exhibiting substantially lower thermal conductivity(0.074 W/(m K))than natural wood.Under solar irradiation,HLG/wood exhibits an outstanding evaporation rate of 1.96 kg/(m^(2)h),with an impressive ef-ficiency of 94.2%.A theoretical model of HLG/wood based on the thermal management capability was built to further confirm its structural superiority in facilitating photothermal conversion.Consequently,a bilayer evaporator based on HLG/wood has the potential to revolutionize water purification processes,including desalination of seawater,removal of heavy metal ions,and treatment of organic dye-contaminated wastewater.
基金funding from Hunan Provincial Key Research and Development Program(2020WK2018)Hunan Provincial Forestry Technological Innovation Funds(XLK202107-3)+2 种基金Scientific Research Project of Hunan Education Department(19A505,21B0242)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21908251)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2020JJ2058).
文摘In this paper,the residue from bamboo factory has been used to design photo-Fenton catalyst,which has the advantages of low cost and magnetic recycling.The photo-Fenton catalytic performance of the biocarbon-based catalyst was excellent and its optimal preparation process was also explored by response surface methodology.First,bamboo-carbon fiber was selected as the photo-Fenton catalyst carrier.Subsequently,the surface of the car-bon fiber was modified,with which dopamine,nano-Fe_(3)O_(4) and nano-TiO_(2) were successively loaded by hydro-thermal method.After the single factor tests,four factors including dopamine concentration,ferric chloride mass,P25 titanium dioxide mass and liquid-solid ratio were selected as the characteristic values.The degradation efficiency of photo-Fenton catalyst to methylene blue(MB)solution was treated as the response value.After the analysis of the response surface optimization,it was shown that the significance sequence of the selected 4 factors in terms of the MB degradation efficiency was arranged as follows:dopamine concentration>liquid-solid ratio>P25 titanium dioxide quality>ferric chloride quality.The optimal process parameters of fiber-carbon catalyst were affirmed as follows:the 1.7 mg/mL concentration of dopamine,the 1.2 g mass of ferric chloride,the 0.2 g mass of P25 titanium dioxide and the liquid-solid ratio of 170 mL/g.The experiment-measured average MB degra-dation efficiency performed by the optimized catalyst was 99.3%,which was nearly similar to the model-predicted value of 98.9%.It showed that the prediction model and response surface model were accurate and reliable.The results from response surface optimization could provide a good reference to design bamboo-based Fenton-like catalyst with excellent catalytic performance.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171709 and 32271791)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M743972)。
文摘Hard carbon stands out as the most promising candidate for anodes in sodium-ion battery.Nevertheless,addressing the challenges of low initial Coulombic efficiency and rate performance is crucial for practical applications.In this study,we employed a dimensionally designed approach,using six different biomass precursors,to preserve their inherent fine hierarchical morphological structures and appearances during the synthesis of selfsupporting carbon materials.Benefiting from its low-tortuosity structure that facilitates electron and ion transport,as well as its surface-enriched C=O functional groups and significant closed micropore areas,the obtained carbon material exhibits excellent electrochemical performance in sodium-ion storage,demonstrated by finite element simulation.Notably,the carbonized basswood exhibited a remarkable initial Coulombic efficiency of up to 92.4%and demonstrated outstanding rate performance,achieving a capacity of 223.3 mAh·g^(-1)at a high current density of2 A·g^(-1).In addition,thorough investigation was conducted on the influence of microstructure on the sodium storage behavior of hard carbon.Ex situ X-ray diffraction(XRD)was used to confirm that the capacity in the plateau region originates from interlayer insertion and closed-pore filling,which is consistent with the results obtained from smallangle X-ray scattering.These findings underscore the immense potential of leveraging surface functionalization and structural design to bolster the performance of hard carbon,paving the way for promising future advancements in this field.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.QNTD202304)National Natural Science Foundation ofChina(No.32171794).
文摘Anoplophora glabripennis(Asian longhorn beetle,ALB)and Anoplophora chinensis(Citrus longhorn beetle,CLB)are native forest pests in China;they have become important international quarantine pests.They are found using the same Salix aureopendula host tree of Cixi,Zhejiang province,China.On this host tree,we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and CLB.By using a stereoscope,we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra,which was inconsistent with ALB,which typically has a smooth elytral base,but was more like CLB,which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral base.Given their sympatry and intermediate morphology,we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×CLB hybrids.We studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples(ALB,CLB,and putative hybrids)using genotyping-by-sequencing(GBS)providing a reduced representation of the entire genome.Employing principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data,we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB,but genetically distinct from the CLB individuals.Therefore,our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic data.Further,while mating experiments between adult ALB and CLB were successful in 4 separate years(2017,2018,2020,and 2021),and oviposition behavior was observed,no progeny was produced.Having employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments,we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within ALB.Our approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.
