Laboratories play significant roles in all the critical processes of detecting rapid infectious disease outbreaks,risk assessments,early warnings,early responses and notifications,and monitoring and surveillance[1,2]....Laboratories play significant roles in all the critical processes of detecting rapid infectious disease outbreaks,risk assessments,early warnings,early responses and notifications,and monitoring and surveillance[1,2].Veterinary Laboratories(VLs)that rapidly identify,respond to and control rapidly spreading and emerging(or re-emerging)infectious and zoonotic diseases is critical to:(1)the financial performance of animal agriculture and international trade;(2)livelihoods of animal related industries;and(3)nutritional status,food security,and the socio-economic well-being of a country[3].展开更多
A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2010 to June 2011 in and around Gondar town to identify the species and determine prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys and horses. Gross examination, d...A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2010 to June 2011 in and around Gondar town to identify the species and determine prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys and horses. Gross examination, direct fecal smear, sedimentation and floatation techniques were utilized to identify the eggs and larvae of parasites in feces. A total of 384 horses and donkeys were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 92.71% (356 from 384) with 80.95% (85 from 105) and 97.13% (271 from 279) in horses and donkeys, respectively. Prevalence of Strongyle, Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi, Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus and Gastrophilus intestinalis was 66.67%, 43.8%, 0.95%, 2.86%, and 0.95%, respectively in horses. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 87.81%, 42.29%, 4.30%, 5.73%, 1.43%, 3.58% and 0.72% for Strongyles, Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi, Fasciola, Tricuris, Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus and Gastrophilus intestinalis in donkeys, respectively. There was a statisticcally significant difference between species, housing and among feed types in prevalence of equine gastrointestinal parasites展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus indica, Xenorhabdus stockiae, Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. hainanensis as a larvicide against Aed...Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus indica, Xenorhabdus stockiae, Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. hainanensis as a larvicide against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Methods: Larvae(L3-L4) of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were given 2 m L of a suspension 107-108 CFU/m L of each symbiotic bacterium. Distilled water and Escherichia coli ATCC襅25922 were used as the control. The mortality rate of the larval mosquitoes was observed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The experiment was performed in triplicates. Results: The larvae of both Aedes species started to die at 24 h exposure. Aedes aegypti showed the highest mortality rate(87%-99%), 96 h after exposure to Xenorhabdus stockiae(b NBP22.2_TH). The mortality rate of Aedes albopictus was between 82% and 96% at 96 h after exposure to Xenorhabdus indica(b KK26.2_TH). Low effectiveness of distilled water and Escherichia coli ATCC襅25922 were observed in both Aedes larvae, with a mortality rate of 2% to 12%. Conclusions: The study confirms the oral toxicity of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria against Aedes spp. Xenorhabdus stockiae and Xenorhabdus indica may be an alternative agent for control Aedes spp. This is basic information for further study on the mechanism of action on Aedes larvae or application to control mosquito larvae in the community.展开更多
In all parts of the world pesticides have been found in the aquatic ecosystem and scientific evidence has also shown that they can enter the food chain. Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide, widely used in agricul...In all parts of the world pesticides have been found in the aquatic ecosystem and scientific evidence has also shown that they can enter the food chain. Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide, widely used in agriculture to control a wide variety of suckling and leaf eating insects and recently in fish culture to suppress some parasitic diseases;nevertheless, there is little study on its adverse effect on fish. In this study, seventy-two (72) apparently healthy catfish comprising adult and juvenile of both sexes were used to set up triplicate experimental groups of those exposed to culture water alone (control group), fish exposed to pre-determined no-effect concentration (0.405 ppm) of Diazinon (test group). The fish were exposed for 28 days and fish were sacrificed and organs harvested on days 21 and 28 to determine the effect of long-term exposure to diazinon on organ histology. Histological changes observed in diazinon-exposed catfish were hyperplasia and fusion of the gill epithelium, hyperplasia of mucoid producing cells and aggregation of melanin pigment in the skin. Histological lesions were also seen observed in other organs, including severe diffuse cellular swelling and fatty degeneration of the liver, interstitial congestion of the kidney, carbon deposit on the wall of the heart and multifocal haemorrhage. The water quality of the control was not significantly different from that of the test group throughout the experiment. The lesions detected in cells, tissue, or organs represent an integration of cumulative effects of physiological and biochemical stressors. The histological alterations observed in vital organ of fish show that exposure to “no-effect” concentration of diazinon induced structural damage in fish organs and are likely to affect the functionality of the organs. For example, the adverse effect on the gill might disrupt its feeding and oxygen uptake.展开更多
文摘Laboratories play significant roles in all the critical processes of detecting rapid infectious disease outbreaks,risk assessments,early warnings,early responses and notifications,and monitoring and surveillance[1,2].Veterinary Laboratories(VLs)that rapidly identify,respond to and control rapidly spreading and emerging(or re-emerging)infectious and zoonotic diseases is critical to:(1)the financial performance of animal agriculture and international trade;(2)livelihoods of animal related industries;and(3)nutritional status,food security,and the socio-economic well-being of a country[3].
文摘A cross sectional study was conducted from October 2010 to June 2011 in and around Gondar town to identify the species and determine prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in donkeys and horses. Gross examination, direct fecal smear, sedimentation and floatation techniques were utilized to identify the eggs and larvae of parasites in feces. A total of 384 horses and donkeys were examined for gastrointestinal parasites. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 92.71% (356 from 384) with 80.95% (85 from 105) and 97.13% (271 from 279) in horses and donkeys, respectively. Prevalence of Strongyle, Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi, Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus and Gastrophilus intestinalis was 66.67%, 43.8%, 0.95%, 2.86%, and 0.95%, respectively in horses. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites was 87.81%, 42.29%, 4.30%, 5.73%, 1.43%, 3.58% and 0.72% for Strongyles, Parascaris equorum, Oxyuris equi, Fasciola, Tricuris, Gastrodiscus aegyptiacus and Gastrophilus intestinalis in donkeys, respectively. There was a statisticcally significant difference between species, housing and among feed types in prevalence of equine gastrointestinal parasites
基金supported by Higher Education Research Promotion,The Commission on Higher Education,Thailand(Grant No.R2558A008)Naresuan University(Grant No.R2557B013)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of symbiotic bacteria, Xenorhabdus indica, Xenorhabdus stockiae, Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. akhurstii and Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. hainanensis as a larvicide against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Methods: Larvae(L3-L4) of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were given 2 m L of a suspension 107-108 CFU/m L of each symbiotic bacterium. Distilled water and Escherichia coli ATCC襅25922 were used as the control. The mortality rate of the larval mosquitoes was observed at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The experiment was performed in triplicates. Results: The larvae of both Aedes species started to die at 24 h exposure. Aedes aegypti showed the highest mortality rate(87%-99%), 96 h after exposure to Xenorhabdus stockiae(b NBP22.2_TH). The mortality rate of Aedes albopictus was between 82% and 96% at 96 h after exposure to Xenorhabdus indica(b KK26.2_TH). Low effectiveness of distilled water and Escherichia coli ATCC襅25922 were observed in both Aedes larvae, with a mortality rate of 2% to 12%. Conclusions: The study confirms the oral toxicity of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria against Aedes spp. Xenorhabdus stockiae and Xenorhabdus indica may be an alternative agent for control Aedes spp. This is basic information for further study on the mechanism of action on Aedes larvae or application to control mosquito larvae in the community.
文摘In all parts of the world pesticides have been found in the aquatic ecosystem and scientific evidence has also shown that they can enter the food chain. Diazinon is an organophosphate pesticide, widely used in agriculture to control a wide variety of suckling and leaf eating insects and recently in fish culture to suppress some parasitic diseases;nevertheless, there is little study on its adverse effect on fish. In this study, seventy-two (72) apparently healthy catfish comprising adult and juvenile of both sexes were used to set up triplicate experimental groups of those exposed to culture water alone (control group), fish exposed to pre-determined no-effect concentration (0.405 ppm) of Diazinon (test group). The fish were exposed for 28 days and fish were sacrificed and organs harvested on days 21 and 28 to determine the effect of long-term exposure to diazinon on organ histology. Histological changes observed in diazinon-exposed catfish were hyperplasia and fusion of the gill epithelium, hyperplasia of mucoid producing cells and aggregation of melanin pigment in the skin. Histological lesions were also seen observed in other organs, including severe diffuse cellular swelling and fatty degeneration of the liver, interstitial congestion of the kidney, carbon deposit on the wall of the heart and multifocal haemorrhage. The water quality of the control was not significantly different from that of the test group throughout the experiment. The lesions detected in cells, tissue, or organs represent an integration of cumulative effects of physiological and biochemical stressors. The histological alterations observed in vital organ of fish show that exposure to “no-effect” concentration of diazinon induced structural damage in fish organs and are likely to affect the functionality of the organs. For example, the adverse effect on the gill might disrupt its feeding and oxygen uptake.
