Diclofenac(DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, reacted readily with birnessite under mild conditions, and the pseudo first order kinetic constants achieved 8.84 × 10^-2 hr^-1. Five products of DC...Diclofenac(DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, reacted readily with birnessite under mild conditions, and the pseudo first order kinetic constants achieved 8.84 × 10^-2 hr^-1. Five products of DCF including an iminoquinone product(2,5-iminoquinone-diclofenac) and four dimer products were observed and identified by tandem mass spectrometry during the reaction. Meanwhile, 2,5-iminoquinone-diclofenac was identified to be the major product, accounting for 83.09% of the transformed DCF. According to the results of spectroscopic Mn(III) trapping experiments and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Mn(IV) contained in birnessite solid was consumed and mainly converted into Mn(III) during reaction process, which proved that the removal of DCF by birnessite was through oxidation. Based on the identified products of DCF and the changes of Mn valence state in birnessite solid, a tentative transformation pathway of DCF was proposed.展开更多
TC-RF （transcatheter radiofrequency） ablation has an important role in the treatment ofSVA （supraventricular arrhythmias）. The indication to TC-RF ablation is usually made to improve the patient＇s quality of life...TC-RF （transcatheter radiofrequency） ablation has an important role in the treatment ofSVA （supraventricular arrhythmias）. The indication to TC-RF ablation is usually made to improve the patient＇s quality of life through the elimination of the arrhythmic substrate. The objective of this study is to make a brief review of the literature and to report the Electrophysiology Unit experience of the Cardiovascular Department of the University Hospital of Trieste. From the study, it can be found that about one thousand of patients are visited annually in the Cardiovascular Department of the University Hospital of Trieste （1,019 ± 71/year over the past five years）. The acute success rate of atrial fibrillation and flutter ablation procedures was respectively 93.9% and 97.9% with a relapse rate of 30% and 10% at 12 month. Accessory pathways and nodal atrio ventricular re-entry tachycardia ablation procedures had an acute success rate of respectively 91.1% and 96.6% with a relapse rate of 10% at 12 months. The overall complication rate was 5%. Catheter ablation is an effective therapy for SVA treatment. It can often be definitive, and it is generally superior to drug therapy, with a low complication rate. The improvement in patients＇ quality of life is associated with a reduced need for access to health services.展开更多
The air change rate(ACR)of naturally ventilated dairy buildings(NVDBs)plays an important part in the design and control of the ventilation system,as well as in the estimation of the gaseous emission rate.The objective...The air change rate(ACR)of naturally ventilated dairy buildings(NVDBs)plays an important part in the design and control of the ventilation system,as well as in the estimation of the gaseous emission rate.The objectives of this research were to model the ACR based on a quantitative investigation of the relationship between the ACR and its potential influencing factors,including the opening ratio(r),the building length to width ratio(a),the wind speed(U),and the wind direction(0).The investigations were performed using the response surface methodology integrated with the Box-Behnken design and Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations.Three response surface models of the ACR of NVDBs were established for three opening ratio ranges of 5%-42.5%,42.5%-80%,and 5%-80%,respectively.It was found that the selection of the opening ratio range had almost no effect on the developed response surface models.The results showed that the ACR of NVDBs was not influenced by a,but was significantly affected by r,U,6,and interaction effects between every two of the three factors.The highest ACR was 6.7 s^(-1),6.0 s^(-1),and 4.0 s^(-1)when 0,U,and r was at their respective medium value while the rest parameters were at the highest values,indicating that the r played an important role in the value of ACR.It was concluded that in the prediction of the ACR of a building,the influences of both individual and interactional effects of 0,U,and r should be considered.展开更多
Activated carbons(ACs)are widely used in advanced wastewater treatment to remove organic micropollutants(OMPs),including pharmaceuticals,that evade conventional biological processes.Yet,fossil coal-based ACs generate ...Activated carbons(ACs)are widely used in advanced wastewater treatment to remove organic micropollutants(OMPs),including pharmaceuticals,that evade conventional biological processes.Yet,fossil coal-based ACs generate substantial CO_(2) emissions and conflict with circular-bioeconomy objectives.Here,we address the critical research gap in sustainable sorbent development by evaluating biogenic ACs produced from underutilized grassland biomass.Using a pretreatment to enrich carbon content and reduce minerals,we generated biogenic ACs from wet meadow(WET)and orchard meadow residues and compared them to Norit SAE Super and PULSORB WP 235 in batch adsorption tests.Despite its higher mineral and ash contents and lower specific surface area than conventional ACs,100%-activated WET(WET100)combined balanced micro-and mesoporosity—yielding heterogeneous adsorption sites that conform to Freundlich isotherms—and achieved 50%OMP removal at a dosage of~13 mg L^(-1),on par with Norit SAE Super(~12 mg L^(-1)).Strong correlations between OMP removal and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm(UVA254;R^(2)>0.95)validate UVA254 as a rapid monitoring proxy.Greenhouse gas footprint analyses revealed that substituting coal-based AC with WET100 reduces gate-to-grave emissions by approximately 2.4 t CO_(2)e per tonne of sorbent—translating to potential savings of up to 94%CO_(2)e when deployed at scale for advanced OMP removal.These findings underscore that biogenic ACs can be seamlessly integrated into existing treatment infrastructure,valorize underutilized grassland biomass,align with circular-economy and EU sustainability objectives,and deliver substantial greenhouse-gas savings compared to coal-based adsorbents.展开更多
基金supported by the National Program of Control and Treatment of Water Pollution (No. 2018ZX07109-004)the project from the China Geological Survey (No. DD20190323)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of China。
文摘Diclofenac(DCF), a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, reacted readily with birnessite under mild conditions, and the pseudo first order kinetic constants achieved 8.84 × 10^-2 hr^-1. Five products of DCF including an iminoquinone product(2,5-iminoquinone-diclofenac) and four dimer products were observed and identified by tandem mass spectrometry during the reaction. Meanwhile, 2,5-iminoquinone-diclofenac was identified to be the major product, accounting for 83.09% of the transformed DCF. According to the results of spectroscopic Mn(III) trapping experiments and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Mn(IV) contained in birnessite solid was consumed and mainly converted into Mn(III) during reaction process, which proved that the removal of DCF by birnessite was through oxidation. Based on the identified products of DCF and the changes of Mn valence state in birnessite solid, a tentative transformation pathway of DCF was proposed.
文摘TC-RF （transcatheter radiofrequency） ablation has an important role in the treatment ofSVA （supraventricular arrhythmias）. The indication to TC-RF ablation is usually made to improve the patient＇s quality of life through the elimination of the arrhythmic substrate. The objective of this study is to make a brief review of the literature and to report the Electrophysiology Unit experience of the Cardiovascular Department of the University Hospital of Trieste. From the study, it can be found that about one thousand of patients are visited annually in the Cardiovascular Department of the University Hospital of Trieste （1,019 ± 71/year over the past five years）. The acute success rate of atrial fibrillation and flutter ablation procedures was respectively 93.9% and 97.9% with a relapse rate of 30% and 10% at 12 month. Accessory pathways and nodal atrio ventricular re-entry tachycardia ablation procedures had an acute success rate of respectively 91.1% and 96.6% with a relapse rate of 10% at 12 months. The overall complication rate was 5%. Catheter ablation is an effective therapy for SVA treatment. It can often be definitive, and it is generally superior to drug therapy, with a low complication rate. The improvement in patients＇ quality of life is associated with a reduced need for access to health services.
基金supported by the research project“Optimized animal-specific barn climatization facing temperature rise and increased climate variability”(OptiBarn)in the FACCE ERANET+initiative,granted by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture(BMEL)through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food(BLE),DE-Grant No.2814ERA02Cby the Innovation Foundation Denmark,DK-Grant No.4215-00004Bby the research project“Green precision ventilation for future livestock housing”(GreenLiv)from Ministry of Environment and Food of Denmark,Grant No.34009-16-1144.
文摘The air change rate(ACR)of naturally ventilated dairy buildings(NVDBs)plays an important part in the design and control of the ventilation system,as well as in the estimation of the gaseous emission rate.The objectives of this research were to model the ACR based on a quantitative investigation of the relationship between the ACR and its potential influencing factors,including the opening ratio(r),the building length to width ratio(a),the wind speed(U),and the wind direction(0).The investigations were performed using the response surface methodology integrated with the Box-Behnken design and Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulations.Three response surface models of the ACR of NVDBs were established for three opening ratio ranges of 5%-42.5%,42.5%-80%,and 5%-80%,respectively.It was found that the selection of the opening ratio range had almost no effect on the developed response surface models.The results showed that the ACR of NVDBs was not influenced by a,but was significantly affected by r,U,6,and interaction effects between every two of the three factors.The highest ACR was 6.7 s^(-1),6.0 s^(-1),and 4.0 s^(-1)when 0,U,and r was at their respective medium value while the rest parameters were at the highest values,indicating that the r played an important role in the value of ACR.It was concluded that in the prediction of the ACR of a building,the influences of both individual and interactional effects of 0,U,and r should be considered.
基金the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research(BMBF)for financing the CoAct project within the research initiative Stadt-Land-Plus(Grant Number 033L206)financed by the Project Three C,funded by the EU within Interreg NWE program(Grant number:NWE1010)the BMBF-funded research group Bio~4Act(Grant Number 031B1389)within the research initiative Bio Kreativ2。
文摘Activated carbons(ACs)are widely used in advanced wastewater treatment to remove organic micropollutants(OMPs),including pharmaceuticals,that evade conventional biological processes.Yet,fossil coal-based ACs generate substantial CO_(2) emissions and conflict with circular-bioeconomy objectives.Here,we address the critical research gap in sustainable sorbent development by evaluating biogenic ACs produced from underutilized grassland biomass.Using a pretreatment to enrich carbon content and reduce minerals,we generated biogenic ACs from wet meadow(WET)and orchard meadow residues and compared them to Norit SAE Super and PULSORB WP 235 in batch adsorption tests.Despite its higher mineral and ash contents and lower specific surface area than conventional ACs,100%-activated WET(WET100)combined balanced micro-and mesoporosity—yielding heterogeneous adsorption sites that conform to Freundlich isotherms—and achieved 50%OMP removal at a dosage of~13 mg L^(-1),on par with Norit SAE Super(~12 mg L^(-1)).Strong correlations between OMP removal and ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm(UVA254;R^(2)>0.95)validate UVA254 as a rapid monitoring proxy.Greenhouse gas footprint analyses revealed that substituting coal-based AC with WET100 reduces gate-to-grave emissions by approximately 2.4 t CO_(2)e per tonne of sorbent—translating to potential savings of up to 94%CO_(2)e when deployed at scale for advanced OMP removal.These findings underscore that biogenic ACs can be seamlessly integrated into existing treatment infrastructure,valorize underutilized grassland biomass,align with circular-economy and EU sustainability objectives,and deliver substantial greenhouse-gas savings compared to coal-based adsorbents.
