Dear Editor,Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths[1],with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for 85%of cases.Prognosis largely depends on the stage at diagnosis[2];stage Ia patients h...Dear Editor,Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths[1],with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for 85%of cases.Prognosis largely depends on the stage at diagnosis[2];stage Ia patients have a 5-year survival rate of about 70%,compared to under 20%overall[3].This highlights the need for effective screening.Currently,low-dose computed tomography(LDCT)is the preferred screening method for high-risk individuals,but it is expensive and has a high false-positive rate,often requiring invasive biopsies.Singapore’s 2010 Cancer Screening guidelines do not recommend chest radiography,sputum cytology,or CT for lung cancer screening[4].展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effects of surgical weight loss (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with a modified Fobi-Capella technique) on non alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese patients.
Carcinoids involving the ampulla of Vater are rare le- sions that may produce painless jaundice. The published data indicate that these tumors, in contrast to their midgut counterparts, metastasize in approximately ha...Carcinoids involving the ampulla of Vater are rare le- sions that may produce painless jaundice. The published data indicate that these tumors, in contrast to their midgut counterparts, metastasize in approximately half of cases irrespective of primary tumor size. Therefore, radical excision in the form of pancreaticoduodenectomy is recommended regardless of tumor size. As with other gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, biological treatment with octreotide analogues can be applied to symptomatic patients. Tumor-targeted radioactive therapy is a newly emerging treatment option. We here report case of a carcinoid tumor of the ampulla of Vater presenting as painless jaundice in a 65-year old man and review the relevant literature, giving special attention to the mor- phologic features, clinical characteristics, and treatment modalities associated with this disease process.展开更多
AIM: To describe protease serine 1 (PRSS1) gene mutations in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and the clinical features of AIP. METHODS: Fourteen patients with AIP, 56 with other chronic pancreatitis, 254 w...AIM: To describe protease serine 1 (PRSS1) gene mutations in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and the clinical features of AIP. METHODS: Fourteen patients with AIP, 56 with other chronic pancreatitis, 254 with pancreatic cancer and 120 normal controls were studied. The mutations and polymorphisms of four genes involved with pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer, PRSS1 , SPINK1 , CFTR and MEN1 , were sequenced. The pathogenic mechanism of AIP was investigated by comparing the wild-type expression system with the p.81Leu→Met mutant expression system. RESULTS: Two novel mutations (p.81Leu→Met and p.91Ala→Ala) were found in PRSS1 gene from four patients with AIP. PRSS1_p.81Leu→Met mutation led to a trypsin display reduction (76.2%) combined with phenyl agarose (Ca2+ induced failure). Moreover, the ratio of trypsin/amylase in patients with AIP was higher than in the patients with pancreatic cancer and other pancreatitis. A large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells were found in the bile ducts accompanied by hyperplasia of myofibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Autoimmune pancreatitis may be related to PRSS1 gene mutations.展开更多
The robotic surgical system has been applied to various types of pancreatic surgery. However, controversies exist regarding a variety of factors including the safety, feasibility, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of r...The robotic surgical system has been applied to various types of pancreatic surgery. However, controversies exist regarding a variety of factors including the safety, feasibility, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the current status of robotic pancreatic surgery and put forth experts' consensus and recommendations to promote its development. Based on the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, a Consensus Steering Group* and a Consensus Development Group were established to determine the topics, prepare evidence-based documents, and generate recommendations. The GRADE Grid method and Delphi vote were used to formulate the recommendations. A total of 19 topics were analyzed. The first 16 recommendations were generated by GRADE using an evidence-based method (EBM) and focused on the safety, feasibility, indication, techniques, certification of the robotic surgeon, and cost-effectiveness of robotic pancreatic surgery. The remaining three recommendations were based on literature review and expert panel opinion due to insufficient EBM results. Since the current amount of;evidence was low/meager as evaluated by the GRADE method, further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed in the future to validate these recommendations.展开更多
Synthetic and naturally occurring particles,such as nanoparticles(NPs)and exosomes;a type of extracellular vesicles(EVs),have garnered widespread attention across various fields,including biomaterials,oncology,and del...Synthetic and naturally occurring particles,such as nanoparticles(NPs)and exosomes;a type of extracellular vesicles(EVs),have garnered widespread attention across various fields,including biomaterials,oncology,and delivery systems for drugs and vaccines.Traditional methods for identifying NPs and EVs,such as transmission electron microscopy,are often prohibitively expensive and labor-intensive.As an alternative,the assessment of electrokinetic attributes such as zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility,conductance,and mean count rate,offers a more cost-effective,rapid,and reliable means of characterizing these particles.In this context,we introduce the first application of a quantum machine learning(QML)-based electrokinetic mining for the identification of green-synthesized iron-and cobalt-based NPs,as well as exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells(hESC),human lung cancer(A549)cells,and colorectal cancer(CRC)cells,based solely on their electrokinetic attributes.Comparative analyses involving cross-validation,train-test splits,confusion matrices,and Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curves revealed that classical ML techniques could accurately identify the types of NPs and EVs.Notably,QML demonstrated proficiency in differentiating between various NPs and EVs,including the distinction of EVs in the plasma of CRC patients versus those of healthy individuals.Furthermore,QML’s application has been extended to the identification of NPs along with EVs in the plasma of CRC patients and experimental mice,achieving higher prediction performance even with a minimal training dataset,demonstrating that QML based electrokinetic mining could identify NPs or EVs with minimal training data,thereby facilitating novel clinical development in the realm of liquid biopsies.展开更多
Parenteral nutrition support(PN)is one of the most important developments of the last 40 years for surgical science and practice.It is being utilized for patiens with both surgical and medical gut failure.In our hospi...Parenteral nutrition support(PN)is one of the most important developments of the last 40 years for surgical science and practice.It is being utilized for patiens with both surgical and medical gut failure.In our hospital over the past 22 years,more than 2000 patients have received traditional nutrition support.Diagnoses included perioperative(39％), abdominal infection(18％),gastrointestional fistulae(17％), intensive chemotherapy (9％), inflammoatory bowel disease(6％) and others (11％).Parenteral nutrition support has saved展开更多
基金supported by the Singapore Ministry of Health’s National Medical Research Council(NMRC/STaR/MOH-00070900,CIRG/MOH-00006400)the National Research Foundation Singapore and the Singapore Ministry of Education under its Research Centres of Excellence initiatives(to Boon Cher Goh)the NUS Centre for Cancer Research(N2CR),Cancer Programme under Translational Research Programmes(TRPs),Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine,NUS(NUHSRO/2020/122/MSC/07/Cancer)(to Lingzhi Wang and Boon Cher Goh).
文摘Dear Editor,Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths[1],with non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)accounting for 85%of cases.Prognosis largely depends on the stage at diagnosis[2];stage Ia patients have a 5-year survival rate of about 70%,compared to under 20%overall[3].This highlights the need for effective screening.Currently,low-dose computed tomography(LDCT)is the preferred screening method for high-risk individuals,but it is expensive and has a high false-positive rate,often requiring invasive biopsies.Singapore’s 2010 Cancer Screening guidelines do not recommend chest radiography,sputum cytology,or CT for lung cancer screening[4].
基金Supported by The Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos Ⅲ of the Spanish Ministry for Health and Consumer Affairs,No. PI030042,PI030024,PI070079 and PI11/001159
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of surgical weight loss (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with a modified Fobi-Capella technique) on non alcoholic fatty liver disease in obese patients.
文摘Carcinoids involving the ampulla of Vater are rare le- sions that may produce painless jaundice. The published data indicate that these tumors, in contrast to their midgut counterparts, metastasize in approximately half of cases irrespective of primary tumor size. Therefore, radical excision in the form of pancreaticoduodenectomy is recommended regardless of tumor size. As with other gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors, biological treatment with octreotide analogues can be applied to symptomatic patients. Tumor-targeted radioactive therapy is a newly emerging treatment option. We here report case of a carcinoid tumor of the ampulla of Vater presenting as painless jaundice in a 65-year old man and review the relevant literature, giving special attention to the mor- phologic features, clinical characteristics, and treatment modalities associated with this disease process.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81201362, No. 81201590, No. 21275028Putian Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Project, No. 2009S3-3+2 种基金Fujian Medical Innovations, No. 2012-CXB-21Education Department of Fujian Province, No. JA12133, No. JA12143National High Technology Investigation Project Foundation of China, No.2012AA022604
文摘AIM: To describe protease serine 1 (PRSS1) gene mutations in patients with autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and the clinical features of AIP. METHODS: Fourteen patients with AIP, 56 with other chronic pancreatitis, 254 with pancreatic cancer and 120 normal controls were studied. The mutations and polymorphisms of four genes involved with pancreatitis or pancreatic cancer, PRSS1 , SPINK1 , CFTR and MEN1 , were sequenced. The pathogenic mechanism of AIP was investigated by comparing the wild-type expression system with the p.81Leu→Met mutant expression system. RESULTS: Two novel mutations (p.81Leu→Met and p.91Ala→Ala) were found in PRSS1 gene from four patients with AIP. PRSS1_p.81Leu→Met mutation led to a trypsin display reduction (76.2%) combined with phenyl agarose (Ca2+ induced failure). Moreover, the ratio of trypsin/amylase in patients with AIP was higher than in the patients with pancreatic cancer and other pancreatitis. A large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells were found in the bile ducts accompanied by hyperplasia of myofibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Autoimmune pancreatitis may be related to PRSS1 gene mutations.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(grand number 2017YFC0110405)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81500499).
文摘The robotic surgical system has been applied to various types of pancreatic surgery. However, controversies exist regarding a variety of factors including the safety, feasibility, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of robotic surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the current status of robotic pancreatic surgery and put forth experts' consensus and recommendations to promote its development. Based on the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, a Consensus Steering Group* and a Consensus Development Group were established to determine the topics, prepare evidence-based documents, and generate recommendations. The GRADE Grid method and Delphi vote were used to formulate the recommendations. A total of 19 topics were analyzed. The first 16 recommendations were generated by GRADE using an evidence-based method (EBM) and focused on the safety, feasibility, indication, techniques, certification of the robotic surgeon, and cost-effectiveness of robotic pancreatic surgery. The remaining three recommendations were based on literature review and expert panel opinion due to insufficient EBM results. Since the current amount of;evidence was low/meager as evaluated by the GRADE method, further randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed in the future to validate these recommendations.
基金supported by the National Cancer Institute(NCI)R00 CA226353-01A1,Cancer Research Foundation Young Investigator Award and a Lung Cancer Research Foundation(LCRF)Pilot Project Award to HJC.
文摘Synthetic and naturally occurring particles,such as nanoparticles(NPs)and exosomes;a type of extracellular vesicles(EVs),have garnered widespread attention across various fields,including biomaterials,oncology,and delivery systems for drugs and vaccines.Traditional methods for identifying NPs and EVs,such as transmission electron microscopy,are often prohibitively expensive and labor-intensive.As an alternative,the assessment of electrokinetic attributes such as zeta potential or electrophoretic mobility,conductance,and mean count rate,offers a more cost-effective,rapid,and reliable means of characterizing these particles.In this context,we introduce the first application of a quantum machine learning(QML)-based electrokinetic mining for the identification of green-synthesized iron-and cobalt-based NPs,as well as exosomes derived from human embryonic stem cells(hESC),human lung cancer(A549)cells,and colorectal cancer(CRC)cells,based solely on their electrokinetic attributes.Comparative analyses involving cross-validation,train-test splits,confusion matrices,and Receiver Operating Characteristic(ROC)curves revealed that classical ML techniques could accurately identify the types of NPs and EVs.Notably,QML demonstrated proficiency in differentiating between various NPs and EVs,including the distinction of EVs in the plasma of CRC patients versus those of healthy individuals.Furthermore,QML’s application has been extended to the identification of NPs along with EVs in the plasma of CRC patients and experimental mice,achieving higher prediction performance even with a minimal training dataset,demonstrating that QML based electrokinetic mining could identify NPs or EVs with minimal training data,thereby facilitating novel clinical development in the realm of liquid biopsies.
文摘Parenteral nutrition support(PN)is one of the most important developments of the last 40 years for surgical science and practice.It is being utilized for patiens with both surgical and medical gut failure.In our hospital over the past 22 years,more than 2000 patients have received traditional nutrition support.Diagnoses included perioperative(39％), abdominal infection(18％),gastrointestional fistulae(17％), intensive chemotherapy (9％), inflammoatory bowel disease(6％) and others (11％).Parenteral nutrition support has saved
