Objectives:The climate crisis demands urgent action from all sectors of society,including young people in higher education.While previous research has explored individual and contextual predictors of pro-environmental...Objectives:The climate crisis demands urgent action from all sectors of society,including young people in higher education.While previous research has explored individual and contextual predictors of pro-environmental behaviour(PEB),the contribution of Positive Youth Development(PYD)remains underexplored.This study investigates the relationship between PYD dimensions(Competence,Confidence,Connection,Character,and Caring)and two environmental outcomes:environmental habits and climate change awareness,considering gender differences.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1779 students from 10 universities in Andalusia(Spain).Data were collected through an online survey assessing PYD indicators,PEB,and sociodemographic variables.Descriptive statistics,t-tests,correlation analyses,and multiple mediation models were performed.Results:Descriptive analyses indicated moderate levels of PYD dimensions and PEB across the sample.Among the 5 Cs,Caring had a positive association with environmental habits(r 0.22,p 0.001)and climate change awareness(r=<=0.30,p 0.001).Character also had a positive effect on both environmental habits(r 0.23,p 0.001)and climate<=<change awareness(r 0.30,p 0.001).Competence and Confidence were not significantly associated,and Connection=<demonstrated limited predictive value,potentially influenced by contextual or social factors.Gender differences were also identified,with women showing higher scores in Character(d 0.29,p 0.001),Caring(d 0.63,p 0.001),=<=<environmental habits(d 0.20,p 0.001)and climate change awareness(d 0.40,p 0.001),while men scored higher in=<=<Competence(d 0.57,p 0.001)and Confidence(d 0.22,p 0.001).Mediation analyses indicated that the association=<=<between gender and environmental habits was totally explained by Character(β95%CI:and=-0.02;-0.04;-0.01)Caring(β95%CI:Furthermore,the relationship between gender and climate change awareness=-0.04;-0.05,-0.02).was partially mediated by Character(β95%CI:and Caring(β95%CI:=-0.03;-0.05;-0.02)=-0.05;-0.07,-0.03).Conclusions:Females showed more environmental habits and climate change awareness than males,because of their greater scores in both Caring and Character dimensions of PYD.These findings highlight the importance of the PYD for promoting PEB and engaged citizens among young adults.Gender-sensitive and interdisciplinary interventions,such as environmental volunteering and community-based programmes,are recommended for university contexts to enhance sustainable development behaviours and values.展开更多
Elder abuse is an emerging issue of serious concern with life-threatening consequences. This study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a new scale to assess elder abuse. A cross-sectional multi...Elder abuse is an emerging issue of serious concern with life-threatening consequences. This study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a new scale to assess elder abuse. A cross-sectional multistage sampling technique was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of older Malaysians. The iterative development process resulted in a 16-item, four-dimension scale. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 10-item scale with three factors. The value of Cronbach’s alpha for total scale and its subscales indicated sufficient internal consistency. Multitrait scaling analysis also showed good convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, predictive validity of the proposed scale was established by demonstrating a statistically significant association between elder abuse and depression through multiple logistic regression analysis. The findings from this study demonstrate an acceptable level of validity and reliability for new scale. This scale can be used by health and social care workers to identify elder abuse cases.展开更多
In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 1...In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 11^th Five-Year Plan is forecasted and analyzed. A principal idea of eavironmental protection and ecological construction is put forward for the 11^th Five-Year Plan pertod： strensgthen the point treatment in key areas and set the main targets based on the idea. The relating countermeasures in national level are proposed as follows： set up appropriate ideas for official achievements by launching resources and environmental cost acconting; adjust the industrial struacture actively by industrial policies and strenuous work; develop circular economy, change the mode of environmental protecgon from end treatment to headstream and proeess control： strengthen the market mechanism in the process of pollution treatment, set up the system of ＂who treats who benefits＂ ; perfect interrelated laws and standards, strengthen the ability of environmental munagement; lay extra emphasis on two key targets： water pollution tretment in key river basins and management of the reserves; and combine the ecological consnuction and poverty alleviation in higher level.展开更多
Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with AS...Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with ASD and an extraordinarily high verbal IQ (146). The assessment of theory of mind, emotion recognition and pragmatic abilities showed some weaknesses in these areas. The 4-month treatment was divided into 14 sessions and was aimed at helping SC to improve his abilities to recognize emotions and comprehend mental states. The main technique used in the intervention was “social reading” with video clips. The initial assessment was repeated after the treatment and in a follow up session. The results of this case study suggest that “social reading” can be considered as a beneficial technique for children with high-functioning ASD, and especially in giftedness conditions.展开更多
International religious freedom includes the freedom of religious belief,freedom of religious expression and the principle of equality between new religions and traditional religions. According to relevant internation...International religious freedom includes the freedom of religious belief,freedom of religious expression and the principle of equality between new religions and traditional religions. According to relevant international laws,the freedom of religious belief is absolute by nature,but the freedom of religious expression and the principle of equality between new展开更多
Researchers and extensionists would pursue their interests to develop new inventions and encourage rubber smallholders to adopt new technology and practices to increase production of their holdings. Three interrelated...Researchers and extensionists would pursue their interests to develop new inventions and encourage rubber smallholders to adopt new technology and practices to increase production of their holdings. Three interrelated systems, research and development （R＆D） system, extension/delivery system and client （smallholders） system, are responsible to make the rubber industry viable and dynamic. The extension system is also encouraged to identify and carry out related research activities besides its own core function to enhance clients＇ understanding and to use the findings as basis to plan effective strategies for implementation. Knowledge acquisition among clients is critical in capacity building process. With knowledge, clients tend to develop favorable attitude and use it to develop specific skill to practice recommended technology and new practices. Necessity is the mother of invention in times of need, especially when rubber price is low. Researchers, extensionists and smallholders are ＂forced＂ to collaborate and become creative to fred alternative ways and uses of natural rubber to increase demand of the commodity. When natural rubber price is low, funding for research needs to be maintained at current level, or in some cases, funding is increased to ensure that the industry is not void of new technology and new products. The main goal of the rubber industry is to ensure that new technology and practices are continuously being generated and developed by researchers to be adopted by rubber smallholders. The adoption of new technology and practices by smallholders ensures that production of natural rubber continues to increase, while income of smallholders is maintained or increased at an appreciative level to offset low rubber prices. There is an inclination in the rubber industry that when the commodity＇s price is low, activities and programs related to research and dissemination of research results would follow to be reduced, resulting in stagnation and opportunities for future growth of the industry. The National Blue Ocean Strategy （NBOS） should be used to harness expertise in research among researchers of local universities, as well as to cooperate among extensionists from agencies at state and national levels to help disseminate research results. The NBOS can reduce cost, and has bigger impacts and wider applications of natural rubber for local and international markets.展开更多
Purslane(Portulaca oleracea)is a vegetable that contains minerals and nutraceuticals,with protein levels of 25.9%on a fresh weight basis and also contains N,P,Fe,Mg,Mn,Cu,and Zn.It is cultivated in temperate and tropi...Purslane(Portulaca oleracea)is a vegetable that contains minerals and nutraceuticals,with protein levels of 25.9%on a fresh weight basis and also contains N,P,Fe,Mg,Mn,Cu,and Zn.It is cultivated in temperate and tropical regions in individual plots under intensive management and mainly in hydroponic systems.Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)is a tropical fish considered suitable for cultivation,as its biological characteristics offer significant competitive advantages compared to other fish,including rapid body growth,resistance to environments with changes in temperature,dissolved oxygen,salinity,and water pH,as well as resistance to diseases,easy reproduction,and adaptability to management and feeding under captive conditions.展开更多
Since Kyoto Protocol came into force on February 16, 2005, the endeavor by international society to combat the climate change has stepped into a new milestone. The greenhouse gas （GHG） abatement mechanisms in Kyoto ...Since Kyoto Protocol came into force on February 16, 2005, the endeavor by international society to combat the climate change has stepped into a new milestone. The greenhouse gas （GHG） abatement mechanisms in Kyoto Protocol have served a remarkable function but also been questioned during the practices of past three years about its environmental effectiveness. A lot of new international GHG emission reduction proposals are proposed from many new a.spects, some of which especially impose pressure on developing countries. So it is of great importance to research on these new proposals in time for negotiation beyond Kyoto and institution of Chinese relevant climate policies. As this paper focutses on the way of commitment distribution of mechanisms, the mechanisms here are categorized in one of two types： those distribute commitment based on countries and those based on sectors. Some of the typical mechanisms are selected to be analyzed comparatively, especially about their influence on developing countries,E-mail address： jiangdongmei@tsinghua.edu.cn展开更多
The global demand for water for agricultural use is continuously increasing worldwide as a result of population growth and food supply, approximately 1% per year since the 1980s. Irrigated agriculture represents 20% o...The global demand for water for agricultural use is continuously increasing worldwide as a result of population growth and food supply, approximately 1% per year since the 1980s. Irrigated agriculture represents 20% of the total cultivated area and contributes 40% of the total food production worldwide. Competition for water resources is particularly much needed in arid and semi-arid regions, where irrigation is essential for successful agriculture. This leads to the need to treat larger amounts of wastewater, in order to compensate for the lack of rainwater to irrigate crops and thus favor the environment and the economic development of farmers. In Mexico there are two highly consumed food products, they are: corn and beans, a fundamental part of the Mexican people diet. It can be said that corn is basic in the diet of Mexicans, it is consumed mainly as “tortilla” and in “tamales”, also in some stews;there is a variety called fodder corn to feed cattle. Beans are also an essential part of the Mexican diet for its nutritional value and pleasant flavor. To solve the challenges of the future in the supply of water for agriculture, it is necessary to reconsider that not all farmers can afford irrigation systems and depend on rainwater, so the use of treated wastewater in treatment plants can be useful.展开更多
Since the reform and opening up,tremendous changes have taken place in China.The initial objective of building a xiaokang or moderately prosperous society developed into a national development plan,which adopted a pha...Since the reform and opening up,tremendous changes have taken place in China.The initial objective of building a xiaokang or moderately prosperous society developed into a national development plan,which adopted a phased approach:first,“building a xiaokang society in an all-round way,” followed by “completing the building of a xiaokang society in all respects.” The efforts have paid off:The Chinese nation has stood up,become prosperous and grown in strength,creating two miracles—rapid economic growth and long-term social stability.After achieving the first centennial goal of building a xiaokang society in all respects,China has embarked on a new journey toward the second goal of building a great modern socialist country.A new two-step development strategy has been drawn up,laying a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the realization of the second centennial goal.展开更多
From December 25,2019 to January 31,2020,33 cases of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)were identified in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,China,yet...From December 25,2019 to January 31,2020,33 cases of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)were identified in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,China,yet none of the affiliated HCWs was infected.Here we analyzed the infection control measures used in three different departments in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and correlated the measures with the corresponding infection data of HCWs affiliated with these departments.We found that three infection control measures,namely the isolation of the presumed positive patients,the use of facemasks and intensified hand hygiene play important roles in preventing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19.展开更多
文摘Objectives:The climate crisis demands urgent action from all sectors of society,including young people in higher education.While previous research has explored individual and contextual predictors of pro-environmental behaviour(PEB),the contribution of Positive Youth Development(PYD)remains underexplored.This study investigates the relationship between PYD dimensions(Competence,Confidence,Connection,Character,and Caring)and two environmental outcomes:environmental habits and climate change awareness,considering gender differences.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1779 students from 10 universities in Andalusia(Spain).Data were collected through an online survey assessing PYD indicators,PEB,and sociodemographic variables.Descriptive statistics,t-tests,correlation analyses,and multiple mediation models were performed.Results:Descriptive analyses indicated moderate levels of PYD dimensions and PEB across the sample.Among the 5 Cs,Caring had a positive association with environmental habits(r 0.22,p 0.001)and climate change awareness(r=<=0.30,p 0.001).Character also had a positive effect on both environmental habits(r 0.23,p 0.001)and climate<=<change awareness(r 0.30,p 0.001).Competence and Confidence were not significantly associated,and Connection=<demonstrated limited predictive value,potentially influenced by contextual or social factors.Gender differences were also identified,with women showing higher scores in Character(d 0.29,p 0.001),Caring(d 0.63,p 0.001),=<=<environmental habits(d 0.20,p 0.001)and climate change awareness(d 0.40,p 0.001),while men scored higher in=<=<Competence(d 0.57,p 0.001)and Confidence(d 0.22,p 0.001).Mediation analyses indicated that the association=<=<between gender and environmental habits was totally explained by Character(β95%CI:and=-0.02;-0.04;-0.01)Caring(β95%CI:Furthermore,the relationship between gender and climate change awareness=-0.04;-0.05,-0.02).was partially mediated by Character(β95%CI:and Caring(β95%CI:=-0.03;-0.05;-0.02)=-0.05;-0.07,-0.03).Conclusions:Females showed more environmental habits and climate change awareness than males,because of their greater scores in both Caring and Character dimensions of PYD.These findings highlight the importance of the PYD for promoting PEB and engaged citizens among young adults.Gender-sensitive and interdisciplinary interventions,such as environmental volunteering and community-based programmes,are recommended for university contexts to enhance sustainable development behaviours and values.
文摘Elder abuse is an emerging issue of serious concern with life-threatening consequences. This study aimed to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a new scale to assess elder abuse. A cross-sectional multistage sampling technique was used to obtain a nationally representative sample of older Malaysians. The iterative development process resulted in a 16-item, four-dimension scale. Exploratory factor analysis yielded a 10-item scale with three factors. The value of Cronbach’s alpha for total scale and its subscales indicated sufficient internal consistency. Multitrait scaling analysis also showed good convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, predictive validity of the proposed scale was established by demonstrating a statistically significant association between elder abuse and depression through multiple logistic regression analysis. The findings from this study demonstrate an acceptable level of validity and reliability for new scale. This scale can be used by health and social care workers to identify elder abuse cases.
文摘In this paper, the executive of the 10th Five- Year Plan in the field of environmental protection and ecological constrution is reviewed, and the charactristics of economic growth and its environmental impact on the 11^th Five-Year Plan is forecasted and analyzed. A principal idea of eavironmental protection and ecological construction is put forward for the 11^th Five-Year Plan pertod： strensgthen the point treatment in key areas and set the main targets based on the idea. The relating countermeasures in national level are proposed as follows： set up appropriate ideas for official achievements by launching resources and environmental cost acconting; adjust the industrial struacture actively by industrial policies and strenuous work; develop circular economy, change the mode of environmental protecgon from end treatment to headstream and proeess control： strengthen the market mechanism in the process of pollution treatment, set up the system of ＂who treats who benefits＂ ; perfect interrelated laws and standards, strengthen the ability of environmental munagement; lay extra emphasis on two key targets： water pollution tretment in key river basins and management of the reserves; and combine the ecological consnuction and poverty alleviation in higher level.
文摘Social cognition difficulties are well documented in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This clinical case study reports on social cognition assessment and treatment of a gifted child, SC (9 years), with ASD and an extraordinarily high verbal IQ (146). The assessment of theory of mind, emotion recognition and pragmatic abilities showed some weaknesses in these areas. The 4-month treatment was divided into 14 sessions and was aimed at helping SC to improve his abilities to recognize emotions and comprehend mental states. The main technique used in the intervention was “social reading” with video clips. The initial assessment was repeated after the treatment and in a follow up session. The results of this case study suggest that “social reading” can be considered as a beneficial technique for children with high-functioning ASD, and especially in giftedness conditions.
文摘International religious freedom includes the freedom of religious belief,freedom of religious expression and the principle of equality between new religions and traditional religions. According to relevant international laws,the freedom of religious belief is absolute by nature,but the freedom of religious expression and the principle of equality between new
文摘Researchers and extensionists would pursue their interests to develop new inventions and encourage rubber smallholders to adopt new technology and practices to increase production of their holdings. Three interrelated systems, research and development （R＆D） system, extension/delivery system and client （smallholders） system, are responsible to make the rubber industry viable and dynamic. The extension system is also encouraged to identify and carry out related research activities besides its own core function to enhance clients＇ understanding and to use the findings as basis to plan effective strategies for implementation. Knowledge acquisition among clients is critical in capacity building process. With knowledge, clients tend to develop favorable attitude and use it to develop specific skill to practice recommended technology and new practices. Necessity is the mother of invention in times of need, especially when rubber price is low. Researchers, extensionists and smallholders are ＂forced＂ to collaborate and become creative to fred alternative ways and uses of natural rubber to increase demand of the commodity. When natural rubber price is low, funding for research needs to be maintained at current level, or in some cases, funding is increased to ensure that the industry is not void of new technology and new products. The main goal of the rubber industry is to ensure that new technology and practices are continuously being generated and developed by researchers to be adopted by rubber smallholders. The adoption of new technology and practices by smallholders ensures that production of natural rubber continues to increase, while income of smallholders is maintained or increased at an appreciative level to offset low rubber prices. There is an inclination in the rubber industry that when the commodity＇s price is low, activities and programs related to research and dissemination of research results would follow to be reduced, resulting in stagnation and opportunities for future growth of the industry. The National Blue Ocean Strategy （NBOS） should be used to harness expertise in research among researchers of local universities, as well as to cooperate among extensionists from agencies at state and national levels to help disseminate research results. The NBOS can reduce cost, and has bigger impacts and wider applications of natural rubber for local and international markets.
文摘Purslane(Portulaca oleracea)is a vegetable that contains minerals and nutraceuticals,with protein levels of 25.9%on a fresh weight basis and also contains N,P,Fe,Mg,Mn,Cu,and Zn.It is cultivated in temperate and tropical regions in individual plots under intensive management and mainly in hydroponic systems.Tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)is a tropical fish considered suitable for cultivation,as its biological characteristics offer significant competitive advantages compared to other fish,including rapid body growth,resistance to environments with changes in temperature,dissolved oxygen,salinity,and water pH,as well as resistance to diseases,easy reproduction,and adaptability to management and feeding under captive conditions.
基金supported by National Ministry of Science and Technology about the project of Study on Designation and Countermeasures for China's participation in Sectoral and Regional Commitments of Emission Reduction (Grant No.2007BAC03A12).
文摘Since Kyoto Protocol came into force on February 16, 2005, the endeavor by international society to combat the climate change has stepped into a new milestone. The greenhouse gas （GHG） abatement mechanisms in Kyoto Protocol have served a remarkable function but also been questioned during the practices of past three years about its environmental effectiveness. A lot of new international GHG emission reduction proposals are proposed from many new a.spects, some of which especially impose pressure on developing countries. So it is of great importance to research on these new proposals in time for negotiation beyond Kyoto and institution of Chinese relevant climate policies. As this paper focutses on the way of commitment distribution of mechanisms, the mechanisms here are categorized in one of two types： those distribute commitment based on countries and those based on sectors. Some of the typical mechanisms are selected to be analyzed comparatively, especially about their influence on developing countries,E-mail address： jiangdongmei@tsinghua.edu.cn
文摘The global demand for water for agricultural use is continuously increasing worldwide as a result of population growth and food supply, approximately 1% per year since the 1980s. Irrigated agriculture represents 20% of the total cultivated area and contributes 40% of the total food production worldwide. Competition for water resources is particularly much needed in arid and semi-arid regions, where irrigation is essential for successful agriculture. This leads to the need to treat larger amounts of wastewater, in order to compensate for the lack of rainwater to irrigate crops and thus favor the environment and the economic development of farmers. In Mexico there are two highly consumed food products, they are: corn and beans, a fundamental part of the Mexican people diet. It can be said that corn is basic in the diet of Mexicans, it is consumed mainly as “tortilla” and in “tamales”, also in some stews;there is a variety called fodder corn to feed cattle. Beans are also an essential part of the Mexican diet for its nutritional value and pleasant flavor. To solve the challenges of the future in the supply of water for agriculture, it is necessary to reconsider that not all farmers can afford irrigation systems and depend on rainwater, so the use of treated wastewater in treatment plants can be useful.
文摘Since the reform and opening up,tremendous changes have taken place in China.The initial objective of building a xiaokang or moderately prosperous society developed into a national development plan,which adopted a phased approach:first,“building a xiaokang society in an all-round way,” followed by “completing the building of a xiaokang society in all respects.” The efforts have paid off:The Chinese nation has stood up,become prosperous and grown in strength,creating two miracles—rapid economic growth and long-term social stability.After achieving the first centennial goal of building a xiaokang society in all respects,China has embarked on a new journey toward the second goal of building a great modern socialist country.A new two-step development strategy has been drawn up,laying a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the realization of the second centennial goal.
文摘From December 25,2019 to January 31,2020,33 cases of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)were identified in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine of Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University,China,yet none of the affiliated HCWs was infected.Here we analyzed the infection control measures used in three different departments in the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and correlated the measures with the corresponding infection data of HCWs affiliated with these departments.We found that three infection control measures,namely the isolation of the presumed positive patients,the use of facemasks and intensified hand hygiene play important roles in preventing nosocomial transmission of COVID-19.
