This study demonstrates the fabrication of mesoporous tungsten trioxide(WO_(3))-decorated flexible polyimide(PI)electrodes for the highly sensitive detection of catechol(CC)and hydroquinone(HQ),two environmental pollu...This study demonstrates the fabrication of mesoporous tungsten trioxide(WO_(3))-decorated flexible polyimide(PI)electrodes for the highly sensitive detection of catechol(CC)and hydroquinone(HQ),two environmental pollutants.Organic-inorganic composite dots are formed on flexible PI electrodes using evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA)and electrospray methods.The EISA process is induced by a temperature gradient during electrospray,and the heated substrate partially decomposes the organic parts etched by O_(2) plasma,creating mesoporous structures.Differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry demonstrate a linear correlation between analyte concentration and the electrochemical response.Computational studies support the spontaneous adsorption of CC and HQ molecules on model WO_(3) surfaces.The proposed sensor shows high sensitivity,a wide linear range,and a low detection limit for both individual and simultaneous determination of CC and HQ.Real sample analysis on river water confirms practical applicability.The WO_(3)-decorated PI electrode presents an efficient and reliable approach for detecting these pollutants,contributing to environmental safety measures.展开更多
Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabr...Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication technologies have enabled wearable and implantable sensors to achieve sufficient sensitivity for measuring subtle sensory signals,while integration with wireless communication technologies allows for real-time monitoring and closed-loop user feedback.However,highly sensitive sensing materials face challenges,as their detection results can easily be altered by external factors such as bending,temperature,and humidity.This review discusses methods for decoupling various stimuli and their applications in human interfaces.We cover the latest advancements in decoupled systems,including the design of sensing materials using micro/nanostructured materials,3-dimensional(3D)sensory system architectures,and Artificial intelligence(AI)-based signal decoupling processing techniques.Additionally,we highlight key applications in robotics,wearable,and implantable health monitoring made possible by these decoupled systems.Finally,we suggest future research directions to address the remaining challenges of developing decoupled artificial sensory systems that are resilient to external stimuli.展开更多
We introduce a novel stretchable photodetector with enhanced multi-light source detection,capable of discriminating light sources using artificial intelligence(AI).These features highlight the application potential of...We introduce a novel stretchable photodetector with enhanced multi-light source detection,capable of discriminating light sources using artificial intelligence(AI).These features highlight the application potential of deep learning enhanced photodetectors in applications that require accurate for visual light communication(VLC).Experimental results showcased its excellent potential in real-world traffic system.This photodetector,fabricated using a composite structure of silver nanowires(AgNWs)/zinc sulfide(ZnS)-polyurethane acrylate(PUA)/AgNWs,maintained stable performance under 25%tensile strain and 2 mm bending radius.It shows high sensitivity at both 448 and 505 nm wavelengths,detecting light sources under mechanical deformations,different wavelengths and frequencies.By integrating a one-dimensional convolutional neural network(1D-CNN)model,we classified the light source power level with 96.52%accuracy even the light of two wavelengths is mixed.The model’s performance remains consistent across flat,bent,and stretched states,setting a precedent for flexible electronics combined with AI in dynamic environments.展开更多
We developed kinetic energy-harvestable and kinetic movement-detectable piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)consisting of piezoelectric nanofiber(NF)mats and metal-electroplated microfiber(MF)electrodes using electrosp...We developed kinetic energy-harvestable and kinetic movement-detectable piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)consisting of piezoelectric nanofiber(NF)mats and metal-electroplated microfiber(MF)electrodes using electrospinning and electroplating methods.Percolative non-woven structure and high flexibility of the NF mats and MF electrodes allowed us to achieve highly transparent and flexible piezocomposites.A viscoelastic solution,mixed with P(VDF-TrFE)and BaTiO_(3),was electrospun into piezoelectric NFs with a piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 21.2 pC/N.In addition,the combination of electrospinning and elec-troplating techniques enabled the fabrication of Ni-plated MF-based transparent conductive electrodes(TCEs),contributing to the high transparency of the resulting piezocomposite.The energy-harvesting efficiencies of the BaTiO_(3)-embedded NF-based PENGs with transmittances of 86%and 80%were 200 and 240 V/MPa,respectively,marking the highest values in their class.Moreover,the output voltage driven by the coupling effect of piezoelectricity and triboelectricity during finger tapping was 25.7 V.These highly efficient energy-harvesting performances,along with the transparent and flexible features of the PENGs,hold great promise for body-attachable energy-harvesting and sensing devices,as demonstrated in this study.展开更多
Variations in parameters associated with the ambient environment can introduce noise in soft,body-worn sensors.For example,many piezoresistive pressure sensors exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to fluctuations in t...Variations in parameters associated with the ambient environment can introduce noise in soft,body-worn sensors.For example,many piezoresistive pressure sensors exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to fluctuations in temperature,thereby requiring active compensation strategies.The research presented here addresses this challenge with a multilayered 3D microsystem design that integrates four piezoresistive sensors in a full-Wheatstone bridge configuration.An optimized layout of the sensors relative to the neutral mechanical plane leads to both an insensitivity to temperature and an increased sensitivity to pressure,relative to previously reported devices that rely on similar operating principles.Integrating this 3D pressure sensor into a soft,flexible electronics platform yields a system capable of real-time,wireless measurements from the surface of the skin.Placement above the radial and carotid arteries yields high-quality waveforms associated with pulsatile blood flow,with quantitative correlations to blood pressure.The results establish the materials and engineering aspects of a technology with broad potential in remote health monitoring.展开更多
Wearable therapeutic systems must integrate with the body,operate reliably under strain,and deliver sustained stimuli.Textile-based electronics meet these needs with softness,breathability,and scalability.This review ...Wearable therapeutic systems must integrate with the body,operate reliably under strain,and deliver sustained stimuli.Textile-based electronics meet these needs with softness,breathability,and scalability.This review outlines materials,structural design,functionalization,and system integration for therapeutic e-textiles.We examine electrical,thermal,chemical,optical,and mechanical modalities across clinical uses,highlight energy solutions,and discuss challenges in durability,performance,and manufacturing needed for translation to practical,personalized therapies.展开更多
The need for spatially-confined electrical stimulation is growing in biomedical applications,for example intracorticalstimulation and retinal implant,for enhancement of stimulating resolution.Local grounding technique...The need for spatially-confined electrical stimulation is growing in biomedical applications,for example intracorticalstimulation and retinal implant,for enhancement of stimulating resolution.Local grounding techniques have beenwidely explored to suppress undesired current spread.However,in conventional microneedle arrays like the Utaharray,grounding is typically achieved by assigning neighboring electrodes as ground or employing grounding wallaround stimulating electrode,which compromises spatial efficiency.In this work,we introduce,for the first time,abipolar microneedle electrode array(BMEA)that integrates two electrically-independent electrodes within each threedimensionalmicroneedle structure.The microtip electrode,located at the apex of the microneedle,delivers electricalstimulation,while the local ground electrode,embedded on the sidewall below the microtip,serves to locally confinethe spread of current.COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and ex vivo experiments using isolated mouse retinademonstrated that activating the local ground electrode effectively restricts current diffusion,enabling more focusedand localized stimulation.This approach offers a compact and efficient solution for focal electrical stimulation withenhanced spatial resolution,providing a promising platform for advanced neural interfacing systems in variousbiomedical fields.展开更多
Pressure ulcers remain a persistent challenge in healthcare,particularly for individuals with limited mobility or compromised sensation.Early detection is critical to prevent ischemic damage leading to necrosis,infect...Pressure ulcers remain a persistent challenge in healthcare,particularly for individuals with limited mobility or compromised sensation.Early detection is critical to prevent ischemic damage leading to necrosis,infections,and prolonged hospital stays.Conventional sensing technologies that integrate into the mattress,while effective in gathering data on pressure distributions,are restricted to stationary environments,and they can miss significant periods when patients leave their beds or shift positions.Furthermore,these systems do not offer consistent information on the specific spatial distribution of pressure across the body,because the sensors integrate with the mattress and not the body.Recent research establishes capabilities in soft,skin-interfaced wireless alternatives,but in designs that require specialized processes and materials that might not scale effectively for practical production and use.Here,we present a wireless,skin-integrated pressure monitoring system that mounts on the skin,in anatomically matched forms and with soft mechanical interfaces,for continuous data collection.This platform,built on manufacturable components and designs,features an array of soft,elastomer-encapsulated pressure sensors that minimize discomfort,with wireless communications and an independent power management system to enable operation across diverse healthcare settings,including homes,outpatient facilities,and operating rooms,all without physical tethers.Additionally,an external alarm satellite device delivers vibratory and visual alerts if predefined pressure thresholds are exceeded,guiding caregivers or patients to take timely action.Experimental and finite element analysis support the design principles,and deployments on patients in hospital settings illustrate modes for practical use.展开更多
In the burgeoning field of wearable electronics,flexible and durable conductors that can maintain consistent electrical properties under various conditions are critically needed.This research introduces a novel compos...In the burgeoning field of wearable electronics,flexible and durable conductors that can maintain consistent electrical properties under various conditions are critically needed.This research introduces a novel composite material comprising eutectic gallium-indium(EGaIn)and a polybutadiene-based urethane(PBU)specifically designed to address this challenge.EGaIn,renowned for its superior conductivity due to its liquid state at room temperature,is strategically combined with PBU,which offers inherent flexibility and remarkable self-healing capabilities derived from reversible Diels–Alder reactions.Additionally,the composite maintains exceptional electrical resistance stability,withstanding mechanical strains up to 135%without compromising performance.The material’s self-healing capability is attributed to the autonomous mending properties of EGaIn and the reversible Diels–Alder reactions in the PBU matrix.The result is an efficient restoration of the composite’s original properties upon incurring damage.Furthermore,the composite’s adaptability is showcased through its printability,allowing for precise patterning conducive to custom-designed wearable devices.展开更多
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-202300243390 and 2020R1A5A1018052)supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Education(2022R1A3B1078163)supported by the Technology Innovation Program(Publicprivate joint investment semiconductor R&D program[K-CHIPS])to foster high-quality human resources(RS-2023-00235484)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)(1415187770)。
文摘This study demonstrates the fabrication of mesoporous tungsten trioxide(WO_(3))-decorated flexible polyimide(PI)electrodes for the highly sensitive detection of catechol(CC)and hydroquinone(HQ),two environmental pollutants.Organic-inorganic composite dots are formed on flexible PI electrodes using evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA)and electrospray methods.The EISA process is induced by a temperature gradient during electrospray,and the heated substrate partially decomposes the organic parts etched by O_(2) plasma,creating mesoporous structures.Differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry demonstrate a linear correlation between analyte concentration and the electrochemical response.Computational studies support the spontaneous adsorption of CC and HQ molecules on model WO_(3) surfaces.The proposed sensor shows high sensitivity,a wide linear range,and a low detection limit for both individual and simultaneous determination of CC and HQ.Real sample analysis on river water confirms practical applicability.The WO_(3)-decorated PI electrode presents an efficient and reliable approach for detecting these pollutants,contributing to environmental safety measures.
基金funding from the Alchemist Project Program(Grant No.RS-2024-00422269)Technology Innovation Program(Grant No.RS-2024-00443121)+1 种基金supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)support by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP,Ministry of Science,ICT&Future Planning,Grant Nos.NRF-2022R1A4A3032913 and RS-2024-00411904).
文摘Real-time sensory signal monitoring systems are crucial for continuous health tracking and enhancing human-interface technologies in virtual reality/augmented reality applications.Recent advancements in micro/nanofabrication technologies have enabled wearable and implantable sensors to achieve sufficient sensitivity for measuring subtle sensory signals,while integration with wireless communication technologies allows for real-time monitoring and closed-loop user feedback.However,highly sensitive sensing materials face challenges,as their detection results can easily be altered by external factors such as bending,temperature,and humidity.This review discusses methods for decoupling various stimuli and their applications in human interfaces.We cover the latest advancements in decoupled systems,including the design of sensing materials using micro/nanostructured materials,3-dimensional(3D)sensory system architectures,and Artificial intelligence(AI)-based signal decoupling processing techniques.Additionally,we highlight key applications in robotics,wearable,and implantable health monitoring made possible by these decoupled systems.Finally,we suggest future research directions to address the remaining challenges of developing decoupled artificial sensory systems that are resilient to external stimuli.
基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants(Number RS-2023-00247545)funded by the Korean government(MSIP)funded and conducted under the Competency Development Program for Industry Specialists of the Korean Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(MOTIE),operated by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)(No.P0023704,SemiconductorTrack Graduate School(SKKU)).
文摘We introduce a novel stretchable photodetector with enhanced multi-light source detection,capable of discriminating light sources using artificial intelligence(AI).These features highlight the application potential of deep learning enhanced photodetectors in applications that require accurate for visual light communication(VLC).Experimental results showcased its excellent potential in real-world traffic system.This photodetector,fabricated using a composite structure of silver nanowires(AgNWs)/zinc sulfide(ZnS)-polyurethane acrylate(PUA)/AgNWs,maintained stable performance under 25%tensile strain and 2 mm bending radius.It shows high sensitivity at both 448 and 505 nm wavelengths,detecting light sources under mechanical deformations,different wavelengths and frequencies.By integrating a one-dimensional convolutional neural network(1D-CNN)model,we classified the light source power level with 96.52%accuracy even the light of two wavelengths is mixed.The model’s performance remains consistent across flat,bent,and stretched states,setting a precedent for flexible electronics combined with AI in dynamic environments.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MIST)(RS-2023-00211303)Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)Grant funded by the Korea Government(MOTIE)(P0023521,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).
文摘We developed kinetic energy-harvestable and kinetic movement-detectable piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)consisting of piezoelectric nanofiber(NF)mats and metal-electroplated microfiber(MF)electrodes using electrospinning and electroplating methods.Percolative non-woven structure and high flexibility of the NF mats and MF electrodes allowed us to achieve highly transparent and flexible piezocomposites.A viscoelastic solution,mixed with P(VDF-TrFE)and BaTiO_(3),was electrospun into piezoelectric NFs with a piezoelectric coefficient d33 of 21.2 pC/N.In addition,the combination of electrospinning and elec-troplating techniques enabled the fabrication of Ni-plated MF-based transparent conductive electrodes(TCEs),contributing to the high transparency of the resulting piezocomposite.The energy-harvesting efficiencies of the BaTiO_(3)-embedded NF-based PENGs with transmittances of 86%and 80%were 200 and 240 V/MPa,respectively,marking the highest values in their class.Moreover,the output voltage driven by the coupling effect of piezoelectricity and triboelectricity during finger tapping was 25.7 V.These highly efficient energy-harvesting performances,along with the transparent and flexible features of the PENGs,hold great promise for body-attachable energy-harvesting and sensing devices,as demonstrated in this study.
基金supported by a grant from Kyung Hee University in 2022(KHU-20220916)。
文摘Variations in parameters associated with the ambient environment can introduce noise in soft,body-worn sensors.For example,many piezoresistive pressure sensors exhibit a high degree of sensitivity to fluctuations in temperature,thereby requiring active compensation strategies.The research presented here addresses this challenge with a multilayered 3D microsystem design that integrates four piezoresistive sensors in a full-Wheatstone bridge configuration.An optimized layout of the sensors relative to the neutral mechanical plane leads to both an insensitivity to temperature and an increased sensitivity to pressure,relative to previously reported devices that rely on similar operating principles.Integrating this 3D pressure sensor into a soft,flexible electronics platform yields a system capable of real-time,wireless measurements from the surface of the skin.Placement above the radial and carotid arteries yields high-quality waveforms associated with pulsatile blood flow,with quantitative correlations to blood pressure.The results establish the materials and engineering aspects of a technology with broad potential in remote health monitoring.
基金support by a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP,Ministry ofScience,ICT&Future Planning,Grant Nos.RS-2020-II201821,RS-2024-00411904,and RS-2025-02303342)supported by the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00427006)funded by Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology+2 种基金the Alchemist Project Program(RS-2024-00422269)supported by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea)supported by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)(RS-2024-00418086,HRD Program for Industrial Innovation).
文摘Wearable therapeutic systems must integrate with the body,operate reliably under strain,and deliver sustained stimuli.Textile-based electronics meet these needs with softness,breathability,and scalability.This review outlines materials,structural design,functionalization,and system integration for therapeutic e-textiles.We examine electrical,thermal,chemical,optical,and mechanical modalities across clinical uses,highlight energy solutions,and discuss challenges in durability,performance,and manufacturing needed for translation to practical,personalized therapies.
基金supported in part by KIST(Korea Institute of Science and Technology)institutional grants(Nos.2E33881 and 2E33682)in part by the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(Nos.2023R1A2C2003786,RS-2023-00302397,RS-2025-25465381,and RS-2025-00514523).
文摘The need for spatially-confined electrical stimulation is growing in biomedical applications,for example intracorticalstimulation and retinal implant,for enhancement of stimulating resolution.Local grounding techniques have beenwidely explored to suppress undesired current spread.However,in conventional microneedle arrays like the Utaharray,grounding is typically achieved by assigning neighboring electrodes as ground or employing grounding wallaround stimulating electrode,which compromises spatial efficiency.In this work,we introduce,for the first time,abipolar microneedle electrode array(BMEA)that integrates two electrically-independent electrodes within each threedimensionalmicroneedle structure.The microtip electrode,located at the apex of the microneedle,delivers electricalstimulation,while the local ground electrode,embedded on the sidewall below the microtip,serves to locally confinethe spread of current.COMSOL Multiphysics simulations and ex vivo experiments using isolated mouse retinademonstrated that activating the local ground electrode effectively restricts current diffusion,enabling more focusedand localized stimulation.This approach offers a compact and efficient solution for focal electrical stimulation withenhanced spatial resolution,providing a promising platform for advanced neural interfacing systems in variousbiomedical fields.
基金supported by the Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics at Northwestern University.S.Y.acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(No.RS-2025-23525124)funded by the Korea government(MSIT)+4 种基金the BK21 FOUR program(Digital Anti-aging Convergence Research Group,Inje University)support from the National NaturalScience Foundation of China(12202241)support from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant(Nos.RS-2022-NR072054 and RS-2020-NR049568)the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)under the Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence Semiconductor(IITP-2025-RS-2023-00256472)grantfunded by the Korea government(MSIT),and the BK21 FOUR program(Connected AI Education&Research Program for Industry and Society Innovation,KAIST EE,No.4120200113769).
文摘Pressure ulcers remain a persistent challenge in healthcare,particularly for individuals with limited mobility or compromised sensation.Early detection is critical to prevent ischemic damage leading to necrosis,infections,and prolonged hospital stays.Conventional sensing technologies that integrate into the mattress,while effective in gathering data on pressure distributions,are restricted to stationary environments,and they can miss significant periods when patients leave their beds or shift positions.Furthermore,these systems do not offer consistent information on the specific spatial distribution of pressure across the body,because the sensors integrate with the mattress and not the body.Recent research establishes capabilities in soft,skin-interfaced wireless alternatives,but in designs that require specialized processes and materials that might not scale effectively for practical production and use.Here,we present a wireless,skin-integrated pressure monitoring system that mounts on the skin,in anatomically matched forms and with soft mechanical interfaces,for continuous data collection.This platform,built on manufacturable components and designs,features an array of soft,elastomer-encapsulated pressure sensors that minimize discomfort,with wireless communications and an independent power management system to enable operation across diverse healthcare settings,including homes,outpatient facilities,and operating rooms,all without physical tethers.Additionally,an external alarm satellite device delivers vibratory and visual alerts if predefined pressure thresholds are exceeded,guiding caregivers or patients to take timely action.Experimental and finite element analysis support the design principles,and deployments on patients in hospital settings illustrate modes for practical use.
基金supported by National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grants(Number RS-2023-00247545)funded by the Korean government(MSIP)operated by Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT)(No.P0023704,Semiconductor-Track Graduate School(SKKU)).
文摘In the burgeoning field of wearable electronics,flexible and durable conductors that can maintain consistent electrical properties under various conditions are critically needed.This research introduces a novel composite material comprising eutectic gallium-indium(EGaIn)and a polybutadiene-based urethane(PBU)specifically designed to address this challenge.EGaIn,renowned for its superior conductivity due to its liquid state at room temperature,is strategically combined with PBU,which offers inherent flexibility and remarkable self-healing capabilities derived from reversible Diels–Alder reactions.Additionally,the composite maintains exceptional electrical resistance stability,withstanding mechanical strains up to 135%without compromising performance.The material’s self-healing capability is attributed to the autonomous mending properties of EGaIn and the reversible Diels–Alder reactions in the PBU matrix.The result is an efficient restoration of the composite’s original properties upon incurring damage.Furthermore,the composite’s adaptability is showcased through its printability,allowing for precise patterning conducive to custom-designed wearable devices.
