In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over ...In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).展开更多
Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in reliev...Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in relieving constipation by using the slow transit constipation(STC)mouse model and network pharmacology.The results of animal experiments showed that M.oleifera aqueous extract(MOA)had good laxative activity,and its 70%alcohol soluble part(ASP)also showed significant laxative activity(P<0.01).Network pharmacological prediction results suggested that L-phenylalanine(Phe)was the key compound of ASP,and it might relieve constipation through tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)and three kinds of adrenergic receptors,includingα_(1A)(ADRA1A),α_(2A)(ADRA2A),andα_(2B)(ADRA2B).Further animal experiment results showed that Phe significantly promoted gastrointestinal motility.Phe may relieve STC by enhancing the release of substance P(SP)and upregulating the m RNA expression of TACR1 in the ileum.Importantly,Phe may also promote intestinal movement by downregulating the m RNA expression of ADRA2A and ADRA2B and upregulating the m RNA expression of Calm and the m RNA and protein expression of myosin light chain 9 in the ileum,thereby activating the G protein-coupled receptor-myosin light chain signaling pathway.These results lay a foundation for the application of M.oleifera and Phe in constipation.展开更多
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a compensatory response during the tissue repair process in chronic liver injury,and finally leads to liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma.The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis ...BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a compensatory response during the tissue repair process in chronic liver injury,and finally leads to liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma.The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis is associated with the progressive accumulation of activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),which can transdiffer-entiate into myofibroblasts to produce an excess of the extracellular matrix(ECM).Myofibroblasts are the main source of the excessive ECM responsible for hepatic fibrosis.Therefore,activated hepatic stellate cells(aHSCs),the principal ECM producing cells in the injured liver,are a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.AIM To explore the effect of taurine on aHSC proliferation and the mechanisms involved.METHODS Human HSCs(LX-2)were randomly divided into five groups:Normal control group,platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB)(20 ng/mL)treated group,mmol/L,respectively)with PDGF-BB(20 ng/mL)treated group.Cell Counting Kit-8 method was performed to evaluate the effect of taurine on the viability of aHSCs.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the effect of taurine on the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde,glutathione,and iron concen-tration.Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the effect of taurine on the autophagosomes and ferroptosis features in aHSCs.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the effect of taurine on the expression ofα-SMA,Collagen I,Fibronectin 1,LC3B,ATG5,Beclin 1,PTGS2,SLC7A11,and p62.RESULTS Taurine promoted the death of aHSCs and reduced the deposition of the ECM.Treatment with taurine could alleviate autophagy in HSCs to inhibit their activation,by decreasing autophagosome formation,downregulating LC3B and Beclin 1 protein expression,and upregulating p62 protein expression.Meanwhile,treatment with taurine triggered ferroptosis and ferritinophagy to eliminate aHSCs characterized by iron overload,lipid ROS accumu-lation,glutathione depletion,and lipid peroxidation.Furthermore,bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that taurine had a direct targeting effect on nuclear receptor coactivator 4,exhibiting the best average binding affinity of-20.99 kcal/mol.CONCLUSION Taurine exerts therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis via mechanisms that involve inhibition of autophagy and trigger of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in HSCs to eliminate aHSCs.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,which has increased the global medical burden and is also the main cause of death in most countries.AIM To understand the knowledge structure o...BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,which has increased the global medical burden and is also the main cause of death in most countries.AIM To understand the knowledge structure of global development status,research focus,and future trend of the relationship between diabetes and metabolomics in the past 20 years.METHODS The articles about the relationship between diabetes and metabolomics in the Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved from 2002 to October 23,2023,and the relevant information was analyzed using CiteSpace6.2.2R(CiteSpace),VOSviewer6.1.18(VOSviewer),and Bibliometrix software under R language.RESULTS A total of 3123 publications were included from 2002 to 2022.In the past two decades,the number of publications and citations in this field has continued to increase.The United States,China,Germany,the United Kingdom,and other relevant funds,institutions,and authors have significantly contributed to this field.Scientific Reports and PLoS One are the journals with the most publications and the most citations.Through keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis,the closely related keywords are"insulin resistance","risk","obesity","oxidative stress","metabolomics","metabolites"and"biomarkers".Keyword clustering included cardiovascular disease,gut microbiota,metabonomics,diabetic nephropathy,molecular docking,gestational diabetes mellitus,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance.Burst detection analysis of keyword depicted that"Gene","microbiota","validation","kidney disease","antioxidant activity","untargeted metabolomics","management",and"accumulation"are knowledge frontiers in recent years.CONCLUSION The relationship between metabolomics and diabetes is receiving extensive attention.Diabetic nephropathy,diabetic cardiovascular disease,and kidney disease are key diseases for future research in this field.Gut microbiota,molecular docking,and untargeted metabolomics are key research directions in the future.Antioxidant activity,gene,validation,mass spectrometry,management,and accumulation are at the forefront of knowledge frontiers in this field.展开更多
Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich n...Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich nature gas,which is the technology of CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming and hydrogen reaction.The following technologies are discussed,such as CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to olefins(FTO)technology for producing high value-added linear alpha olefins(LAO);CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology to produce higher carbon alcohols;direct methanol production from CO2 and hydrogen;and the new cutting edge technology of photo-catalytic process.In addition,simple techno-economic evaluations of two technologies mentioned above are discussed.The CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with FTO technology can achieve about 30%of internal rate return(IRR),while the low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology could have a static payback period of 2.57 years when the capacity of 2-propylhexanol(2-PH)reaches 100 kt/a.Based on the mega-size green and high-efficient CO2-rich natural gas direct utilization technology,a hybrid energy and chemical production system framework with good prospects is preliminarily designed.A modern industry zone with an annual capacity of more than 10 Mt of CO2 converted to high value-added products is underway.展开更多
The Internet of Things(IoT)has witnessed a significant surge in adoption,particularly through the utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),which comprise small internet-connected devices.These deployments span va...The Internet of Things(IoT)has witnessed a significant surge in adoption,particularly through the utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),which comprise small internet-connected devices.These deployments span various environments and offer a multitude of benefits.However,the widespread use of battery-powered devices introduces challenges due to their limited hardware resources and communication capabilities.In response to this,the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF)has developed the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks(RPL)to address the unique requirements of such networks.Recognizing the critical role of RPL in maintaining high performance,this paper proposes a novel approach to optimizing power consumption.Specifically,it introduces a developed sensor motes topology integrated with a Radio Duty Cycling(RDC)mechanism aimed at minimizing power usage.Through rigorous analysis,the paper evaluates the power efficiency of this approach through several simulations conducted across different network topologies,including random,linear,tree,and elliptical topologies.Additionally,three distinct RDC mechanisms—CXMAC,ContikiMAC,and NullRDC—are investigated to assess their impact on power consumption.The findings of the study,based on a comprehensive and deep analysis of the simulated results,highlight the efficiency of ContikiMAC in power conservation.This research contributes valuable insights into enhancing the energy efficiency of RPL-based IoT networks,ultimately facilitating their widespread deployment and usability in diverse environments.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of the Chinese herbal formula of Jiedu Huayu decoction(解毒化瘀汤,JHD)on oral mucosa of rats with oral submucosal fibrosis(OSF)and its potential mechanism of action.METHO...OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of the Chinese herbal formula of Jiedu Huayu decoction(解毒化瘀汤,JHD)on oral mucosa of rats with oral submucosal fibrosis(OSF)and its potential mechanism of action.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley male OSF model rats were constructed by injection of betaine and topical rubbing and were randomly grouped and administered by gavage for 4 weeks.Mouth opening and buccal mucosa scores interleukin levels and the expression of Axin andβ-catenin proteins or genes were measured before and after drug administration.RESULTS:After treatment with JHD the buccal mucosal lesions of rats were significantly reduced Axin protein and mRNA expression were significantly increasedβ-catenin protein and m RNA expression were significantly decreased interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 levels were decreased and interleukin-10 levels were increased.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of action of JHD can effectively alleviate the pathological damage of buccal mucosa in OSF rats which may be related to the promotion of Axin expression and inhibition ofβ-catenin expression.展开更多
BACKGROUND Sterol O-acyltransferase 1(SOAT1)is an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.However,the prognostic value of SOAT1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still not clear....BACKGROUND Sterol O-acyltransferase 1(SOAT1)is an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.However,the prognostic value of SOAT1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still not clear.AIM To investigate the correlation of SOAT1 expression with HCC,using RNA-seq and gene expression data of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC)and pan-cancer.METHODS The correlation between SOAT1 expression and HCC was analyzed.Cox hazard regression models were conducted to investigate the prognostic value of SOAT1 in HCC.Overall survival and disease-specific survival were explored based on TCGA-LIHC data.Biological processes and functional pathways mediated by SOAT1 were characterized by gene ontology(GO)analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis of differentially expressed genes.In addition,the protein-protein interaction network and co-expression analyses of SOAT1 in HCC were performed to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of SOAT1 in this malignancy.RESULTS SOAT1 and SOAT2 were highly expressed in unpaired samples,while only SOAT1 was highly expressed in paired samples.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SOAT1 expression in tumor samples from LIHC patients compared with para-carcinoma tissues was 0.748,while the area under the curve of SOAT1 expression in tumor samples from LIHC patients compared with GTEx was 0.676.Patients with higher SOAT1 expression had lower survival rates.Results from GO/KEGG and gene set enrichment analyses suggested that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,the IL-18 signaling pathway,the calcium signaling pathway,secreted factors,the Wnt signaling pathway,the Jak/STAT signaling pathway,the MAPK family signaling pathway,and cell–cell communication were involved in such association.SOAT1 expression was positively associated with the abundance of macrophages,Th2 cells,T helper cells,CD56bright natural killer cells,and Th1 cells,and negatively linked to the abundance of Th17 cells,dendritic cells,and cytotoxic cells.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that SOAT1 may serve as a novel target for HCC treatment,which is helpful for the development of new strategies for immunotherapy and metabolic therapy.展开更多
Garden pea productivity and qualities are hampered in zinc(Zn),boron(B),and molybdenum(Mo)deficient soil.Thus,the combination of micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)and rhizobium is necessary to increase the productivity ...Garden pea productivity and qualities are hampered in zinc(Zn),boron(B),and molybdenum(Mo)deficient soil.Thus,the combination of micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)and rhizobium is necessary to increase the productivity and quality of garden peas,since this management for garden peas is neglected in Bangladesh.Therefore,the present study was made to assess the effectiveness of rhizobium inoculant singly or in combination with the micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)on growth,yield,nutrient uptake,and quality of garden peas.Treatments were:T_(1)=Control,T_(2)=Rhizobium inoculation at 50 g/kg seed,T_(3)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)Mo1,T_(4)=T_(2)+B_(2)Mo1,T_(5)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)B_(2),T_(6)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)B_(2)Mo1 and T_(7)=Zn_(3)B_(2)Mo1.All treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and repeated all treatments in three times.The application of 3 kg Zn,2 kg B,and 1 kg Mo ha^(−1)with inoculation of Rhizobium at 50 g kg^(−1)seed(T_(6))facilitated to increase of 44.8%in the green pod and 29.7%seed yield over control.The same treatment contributed to attaining the maximum nodulation(25.3 plant^(−1)),Vitamin C(43.5 mg 100 g^(−1)),protein content(22.2%),and nutrient uptake as well as accumulation in garden peas.Among all treatment combinations,treatment T_(6)was found superior to others based on microbial activities,soil fertility,and profitability.The results of the study found that the application of 3 kg Zn,2 kg B,and 1 kg Mo ha^(−1)in combination with Rhizobium inoculation(50 g kg^(−1)seed)can improve the yield and quality of garden peas.The results of the study have the potential for the areas,where there is no use of Rhizobium inoculant or Zn,B,and Mo fertilizer for cultivation of garden pea.展开更多
Under normal circumstances, spermatozoa are protected from the immune system by the blood-testis barrier. The breakdown of this barrier is the origin of the synthesis of antisperm antibodies (ASA). The presence of spe...Under normal circumstances, spermatozoa are protected from the immune system by the blood-testis barrier. The breakdown of this barrier is the origin of the synthesis of antisperm antibodies (ASA). The presence of sperm agglutinates in semen is characteristic of ASA. But is the presence of agglutinates in semen necessarily linked to the level of ASA in semen? The objective of this study was to assess the concentration of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) in normozoosperms and infertile men with azoospermia. The biological material consisted of samples of human sperms: 30 samples with azoospermia and 32 with normozoospermia. The ASA assay was performed in seminal plasma using the DRG® Sperm Antibody ELISA (seminal plasma) kit (EIA-4249). The reading was carried out using a microplate reader at 450 nm. Data analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism 7 software. The results obtained showed that the difference in ASA concentration between these two categories of sperm was not significant, with an average ASA level of 31.54 ± 2.45 U/mL in azoospermic ejaculate and 27.63 ± 1.51 U/mL in normozoosperms. Statistical analysis showed higher ASA concentrations in azoosperms with 6.67% of these declared positive. The ASA positivity rate made it possible to distinguish secretory azoospermias from obstructive ones. Also, the presence of ASA is not necessarily linked to the presence of agglutinates in the semen.展开更多
Cenchrus biflorus called Karangiya in the Hausa language is an annual pastoral grass which is a valuable herbaceous fodder in dry land region in the context of climate change. However, little is known about the plant ...Cenchrus biflorus called Karangiya in the Hausa language is an annual pastoral grass which is a valuable herbaceous fodder in dry land region in the context of climate change. However, little is known about the plant water use under the effects of cut in West Africa Sahel like Niger where the plant is a multipurpose grass species. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of grazing (simulated by shoot cuts) on biomass production. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb was grown on field plots and in pots and subjected to shoot cuts at different levels (3 cm and 5 cm from soil surface). The effect of shoot cuts on drought tolerance was evaluated by assessing the response of transpiration to the diurnal variation of vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Results showed that the biomass production varied in response to shoot cuts depending on the culture system, and the level or frequency of cuts. The mean biomass production increased significantly especially in field plots for 5 cm cuts compared to those at 3 cm and the control treatment. In addition, transpiration was highly increased in response to the VPD increase. Shoot cuts significantly reduced transpiration, whatever the level, largely because they reduced leaf surface. We concluded that moderate grazing (cuts to 5cm) can improve biomass production and allow better adaptation to water deficit as they significantly reduced water loss through transpiration. The study recommends the cropping of the Cenchrus biflorus as climate solution as it performs better under water deficit for improving grazing resilience in Niger.展开更多
The interesting nanomaterials that have developed quickly in the latest years and have a lot of significance in the biomedical industry are nanocelluloses (NCs). This tendency is in line with the growing need for main...The interesting nanomaterials that have developed quickly in the latest years and have a lot of significance in the biomedical industry are nanocelluloses (NCs). This tendency is in line with the growing need for maintainable materials that will enhance wellbeing and prolong human life, as well as the need to stay up to date with medical technological advancements. Based on the most desirable characteristics of nanocellulose, a variety of novel, useful materials with a broad scope of biomedical applications have been developed. NCs-based materials have garnered a lot of interest in medical applications due to their obtainability, biodegradability, affordability, biocompatibility, sustainability, exceptional mechanical qualities and low cytotoxicity. For the year 2022, the medical field more specifically, biosensors, drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and medical implants, represents more than 60% of all the disciplines in which NCs are utilized. Domains, including wrapping, purification of air, ultrafiltration, elimination of pollutants, acoustics, account for around 40% of the entire number of other applications [1]. The overview of nanocellulose for medical applications is briefly reviewed in the first section of this paper. The second section explains how nanocelluloses can be modified for use in medicine. Chemically altering nanocellulose to create hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites, as well as altering the surface for use in biomedicine. The review also discusses the benefits of nanocellulose over the existing technologies in the biomedical field. The final section discusses how nanocelluloses are used in the biomedical field.展开更多
The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multi...The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myasthenia gravis,Guillain–Barre syndrome,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,diabetes,inflammatory skin diseases,joint inflammation,and cancer.Although the function of the interleukin-17 family has attracted increasing research attention over many years,the expression,function,and regulation mechanisms of different interleukin-17 members are complicated and still only partially understood.Currently,the interleukin-17A pathway is considered a critical therapeutic target for numerous immune and chronic inflammatory diseases,with several monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-17A having been successfully used in clinical practice.Whether other interleukin-17 members have the potential to be targeted in other diseases is still debated.This review first summarizes the recent advancements in understanding the physicochemical properties,physiological functions,cellular origins,and downstream signaling pathways of different members and corresponding receptors of the interleukin-17 family.Subsequently,the function of interleukin-17 in various immune diseases is discussed,and the important role of interleukin-17 in the pathological process of immune diseases is demonstrated from multiple perspectives.Then,the current status of targeted interleukin-17 therapy is summarized,and the effectiveness and safety of targeted interleukin-17 therapy are analyzed.Finally,the clinical application prospects of targeting the interleukin-17 pathway are discussed.展开更多
Accurate measurement of anchor rod length is crucial for ensuring structural safety in tunnel engineering,yet conventional destructive techniques face limitations in efficiency and adaptability to complex underground ...Accurate measurement of anchor rod length is crucial for ensuring structural safety in tunnel engineering,yet conventional destructive techniques face limitations in efficiency and adaptability to complex underground environments.This study presents a novel wireless instrument based on the standing wave principle to enable remote,non-destructive length assessment.The system employs a master-slave architecture,where a handheld transmitter unit initiates measurements through robust 433 MHz wireless communication,optimized for signal penetration in obstructed spaces.The embedded measurement unit,integrated with anchor rods during installation,utilizes frequency-scanning technology to excite structural resonances.By analyzing standing wave characteristics,anchor length is derived from a calibrated frequency-length relationship.Power management adopts a standby-activation strategy to minimize energy consumption while maintaining operational readiness.Experimental validation confirms the system effectively measures anchor lengths with high precision and maintains reliable signal transmission through thick concrete barriers,demonstrating suitability for tunnel deployment.The non-destructive approach eliminates structural damage risks associated with traditional pull-out tests,while wireless operation enhances inspection efficiency in confined spaces.Thiswork establishes a paradigmfor embedded structural healthmonitoring in tunneling,offering significant improvements over existing methods in safety,cost-effectiveness,and scalability.The technology holds promise for broad applications in mining,underground infrastructure,and geotechnical engineering.展开更多
The continuous improvement in patient care and recovery is driving the development of innovative materials for medical applications.Medical sutures,essential for securing implants and closing deep wounds,have evolved ...The continuous improvement in patient care and recovery is driving the development of innovative materials for medical applications.Medical sutures,essential for securing implants and closing deep wounds,have evolved to incorporate smart materials capable of responding to various stimuli.This study explores the potential of thermoresponsive sutures,made from shape memory materials,that contract upon heating to bring loose stitches closer together,promoting optimal wound closure.We developed nanocomposites based on a blend of poly(lactic acid)(PLA)and thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)—biopolymers that inherently exhibit shape memory—enhanced with carbon nanotubes(CNT)and graphene nanoplatelets(GN)to improve mechanical performance.PLA/TPU(50/50)nanocomposites were prepared with 1 and 2 wt%GN,as well as hybrid formulations combining 1 wt%CNT with 1 or 2 wt%GN,using a twin-screw extrusion process to form filaments.These filaments were characterized through differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),field emission gun scanning electron microscopy(FEG-SEM),tensile testing,and shape memory assessments.While the PLA/TPU blend is immiscible,TPU enhances the crystallinity(X_(c))of the PLA phase,further increased by the addition of CNT and GN.FEG-SEM images indicate CNTs primarily in the PLA phase and GN in the TPU phase.PLA/TPU with 1 or 2 wt%GN showed the highest potential for suture applications,with a high elastic modulus(~1000 MPa),significant strain at break(~10%),and effective shape recovery(~20%at 55℃ for 30 min).These findings suggest that these nanocomposites can enhance suture performance with controlled shape recovery that is suitable for medical use.展开更多
Oroxylin A(OA)is a natural flavonoid primarily derived from the plants Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis.Currently,OA is obtainable through chemical synthesis and exhibits polypharmacological properties,inc...Oroxylin A(OA)is a natural flavonoid primarily derived from the plants Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis.Currently,OA is obtainable through chemical synthesis and exhibits polypharmacological properties,including anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory,anti-microbial,and multi-organ protective effects.The first-in-class drug OA tablets are presently undergoing phase Ib/IIa clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)treatment.Substantial evidence suggests that OA demonstrates therapeutic potential against various hepatic and gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,including HCC,hepatic fibrosis,fatty liver disease,hepatitis,liver injury,colitis,and colorectal cancer(CRC).OA exerts its therapeutic effects primarily by modulating several crucial signaling pathways,including those associated with apoptosis,oxidative stress,inflammation,glucolipid metabolism,and fibrosis activation.The oral pharmacokinetics of OA is characterized by phase II metabolism,hydrolysis,and enterohepatic recycling.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the critical stages involved in the development of OA tablets,presenting a holistic perspective on the progression of this first-in-class drug from preclinical to clinical phases.It encompasses the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients,pharmacokinetics,pharmacological efficacy,toxicology,drug delivery,and recent advancements in clinical trials.Importantly,this review examines the potential mechanisms by which OA may influence the gut-liver axis,hypothesizing that these interactions may confer health benefits associated with OA that transcend the limitations posed by its poor bioavailability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis,primarily due to its late diagnosis.Current gold-standard diagnostic methods,such as tissue histopathological examination,are inva...BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis,primarily due to its late diagnosis.Current gold-standard diagnostic methods,such as tissue histopathological examination,are invasive and carry risks of complications(e.g.,bleeding,infection,pancreatic fistula),limiting their routine use.Serum tumor markers[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA-19-9),carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA)]have been widely studied for non-invasive screening,but their single use lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection.Emerging research suggests that inflammatory and stromal-related molecules,such as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)(involved in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis)and chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3 L1)(a marker of tissue remodeling and inflammation),may complement traditional markers in improving diagnostic accuracy.However,their combined utility in pancreatic cancer diagnosis,particularly for differentiating early-stage tumors,remains unclear.AIM To explore the application value of serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA)and serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.METHODS From October 2021 to October 2024,51 patients with pancreatic cancer were selected for the pancreatic cancer group,and 51 healthy examinees were selected for the healthy group during the same period.The value of serum tumor markers in combination with serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was assessed.RESULTS Comparison of age,gender,body mass index,and drinking and smoking histories between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05);serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 levels were higher in the pancreatic cancer group(P<0.05);pancreatic cancer patients of stage II had higher serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1,and CHI3 L1 values(P<0.05);serum tumor markers,serum sICAM-1,and CHI3 L1 were positively correlated with pancreatic cancer(P<0.05)and showed a positive correlation with stage I and stage II.Pancreatic cancer showed a positive correlation(P<0.05);multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 were independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer(P<0.05);serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1,serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA)and serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 had area under the curves(AUCs)of 0.750,0.724,0.585,and 0.562 for pancreatic cancer diagnosis,respectively;AUCs for stage I diagnosis were 0.766,0.752,0.622,and 0.572 and for stage II diagnosis were 0.783,0.758,0.626,and 0.671,respectively,and the AUCs for the combined diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,stage I pancreatic cancer,and stage II pancreatic cancer were 0.782,0.824,and 0.862,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined detection of serum tumor markers with serum sICAM-1 and serum CHI3 L1 can significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and its different stages.展开更多
In medical imaging,accurate brain tumor classification in medical imaging requires real-time processing and efficient computation,making hardware acceleration essential.Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs)offer paral...In medical imaging,accurate brain tumor classification in medical imaging requires real-time processing and efficient computation,making hardware acceleration essential.Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs)offer parallelism and reconfigurability,making them well-suited for such tasks.In this study,we propose a hardware-accelerated Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)for brain cancer classification,implemented on the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA.Our approach optimizes the first Conv2D layer using different numerical representations:8-bit fixed-point(INT8),16-bit fixed-point(FP16),and 32-bit fixed-point(FP32),while the remaining layers run on an ARM Cortex-A9 processor.Experimental results demonstrate that FPGA acceleration significantly outperforms the CPU(Central Processing Unit)based approach.The obtained results emphasize the critical importance of selecting the appropriate numerical representation for hardware acceleration in medical imaging.On the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA,the INT8 achieves a 16.8%reduction in latency and 22.2%power savings compared to FP32,making it ideal for real-time and energy-constrained applications.FP16 offers a strong balance,delivering only a 0.1%drop in accuracy compared to FP32(94.1%vs.94.2%)while improving latency by 5%and reducing power consumption by 11.1%.Compared to prior works,the proposed FPGA-based CNN model achieves the highest classification accuracy(94.2%)with a throughput of up to 1.562 FPS,outperforming GPU-based and traditional CPU methods in both accuracy and hardware efficiency.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of FPGA-based AI acceleration for real-time,power-efficient,and high-performance brain tumor classification,showcasing its practical potential in next-generation medical imaging systems.展开更多
Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial ...Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial patterns have on LST in Beijing, China. A classification and regression tree model （CART） was adopted to estimate IS as a continuous variable using Landsat images from two seasons combined with QuickBird. LST was retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） image to examine the relationships between IS and LST. The results revealed that CART was capable of consistently predicting LST with acceptable accuracy （correlation coefficient of 0.94 and the average error of 8.59%）. Spatial patterns of IS exhibited changing gradients across the various urban-rural transects, with LST values showing a concentric shape that increased as you moved from the outskirts towards the downtown areas. Transect analysis also indicated that the changes in both IS and LST patterns were similar at various resolution levels, which suggests a distinct linear relationship between them. Results of correlation analysis further showed that IS tended to be positively correlated with LST, and that the correlation coefficients increased from 0.807 to 0.925 with increases in IS pixel size. The findings identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for improving urban planning efforts to lessen urban temperatures and thus dampen urban heat island effects.展开更多
This study presents analysis, control and comparison of three hybrid approaches for the direct torque control (DTC) of the dual star induction motor (DSIM) drive. Its objective consists of combining three different he...This study presents analysis, control and comparison of three hybrid approaches for the direct torque control (DTC) of the dual star induction motor (DSIM) drive. Its objective consists of combining three different heuristic optimization techniques including PID-PSO, Fuzzy-PSO and GA-PSO to improve the DSIM speed controlled loop behavior. The GA and PSO algorithms are developed and implemented into MATLAB. As a result, fuzzy-PSO is the most appropriate scheme. The main performance of fuzzy-PSO is reducing high torque ripples, improving rise time and avoiding disturbances that affect the drive performance.展开更多
基金Supported by Research Funds of Hubei Province(D20144401,Q20174503)。
文摘In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).
文摘Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in relieving constipation by using the slow transit constipation(STC)mouse model and network pharmacology.The results of animal experiments showed that M.oleifera aqueous extract(MOA)had good laxative activity,and its 70%alcohol soluble part(ASP)also showed significant laxative activity(P<0.01).Network pharmacological prediction results suggested that L-phenylalanine(Phe)was the key compound of ASP,and it might relieve constipation through tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)and three kinds of adrenergic receptors,includingα_(1A)(ADRA1A),α_(2A)(ADRA2A),andα_(2B)(ADRA2B).Further animal experiment results showed that Phe significantly promoted gastrointestinal motility.Phe may relieve STC by enhancing the release of substance P(SP)and upregulating the m RNA expression of TACR1 in the ileum.Importantly,Phe may also promote intestinal movement by downregulating the m RNA expression of ADRA2A and ADRA2B and upregulating the m RNA expression of Calm and the m RNA and protein expression of myosin light chain 9 in the ileum,thereby activating the G protein-coupled receptor-myosin light chain signaling pathway.These results lay a foundation for the application of M.oleifera and Phe in constipation.
基金Supported by Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program,No.2020GXNSFAA297160 and No.2018GXNSFBA050050Guipai Xinglin Youth Talent Project of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,No.2022C042.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a compensatory response during the tissue repair process in chronic liver injury,and finally leads to liver cirrhosis or even hepatocellular carcinoma.The pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis is associated with the progressive accumulation of activated hepatic stellate cells(HSCs),which can transdiffer-entiate into myofibroblasts to produce an excess of the extracellular matrix(ECM).Myofibroblasts are the main source of the excessive ECM responsible for hepatic fibrosis.Therefore,activated hepatic stellate cells(aHSCs),the principal ECM producing cells in the injured liver,are a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis.AIM To explore the effect of taurine on aHSC proliferation and the mechanisms involved.METHODS Human HSCs(LX-2)were randomly divided into five groups:Normal control group,platelet-derived growth factor-BB(PDGF-BB)(20 ng/mL)treated group,mmol/L,respectively)with PDGF-BB(20 ng/mL)treated group.Cell Counting Kit-8 method was performed to evaluate the effect of taurine on the viability of aHSCs.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to estimate the effect of taurine on the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde,glutathione,and iron concen-tration.Transmission electron microscopy was applied to observe the effect of taurine on the autophagosomes and ferroptosis features in aHSCs.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to detect the effect of taurine on the expression ofα-SMA,Collagen I,Fibronectin 1,LC3B,ATG5,Beclin 1,PTGS2,SLC7A11,and p62.RESULTS Taurine promoted the death of aHSCs and reduced the deposition of the ECM.Treatment with taurine could alleviate autophagy in HSCs to inhibit their activation,by decreasing autophagosome formation,downregulating LC3B and Beclin 1 protein expression,and upregulating p62 protein expression.Meanwhile,treatment with taurine triggered ferroptosis and ferritinophagy to eliminate aHSCs characterized by iron overload,lipid ROS accumu-lation,glutathione depletion,and lipid peroxidation.Furthermore,bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that taurine had a direct targeting effect on nuclear receptor coactivator 4,exhibiting the best average binding affinity of-20.99 kcal/mol.CONCLUSION Taurine exerts therapeutic effects on liver fibrosis via mechanisms that involve inhibition of autophagy and trigger of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy in HSCs to eliminate aHSCs.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.U21A20411and the Graduate Research and Innovation Project of Hunan Province,No.CX20220772.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia,which has increased the global medical burden and is also the main cause of death in most countries.AIM To understand the knowledge structure of global development status,research focus,and future trend of the relationship between diabetes and metabolomics in the past 20 years.METHODS The articles about the relationship between diabetes and metabolomics in the Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved from 2002 to October 23,2023,and the relevant information was analyzed using CiteSpace6.2.2R(CiteSpace),VOSviewer6.1.18(VOSviewer),and Bibliometrix software under R language.RESULTS A total of 3123 publications were included from 2002 to 2022.In the past two decades,the number of publications and citations in this field has continued to increase.The United States,China,Germany,the United Kingdom,and other relevant funds,institutions,and authors have significantly contributed to this field.Scientific Reports and PLoS One are the journals with the most publications and the most citations.Through keyword co-occurrence and cluster analysis,the closely related keywords are"insulin resistance","risk","obesity","oxidative stress","metabolomics","metabolites"and"biomarkers".Keyword clustering included cardiovascular disease,gut microbiota,metabonomics,diabetic nephropathy,molecular docking,gestational diabetes mellitus,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance.Burst detection analysis of keyword depicted that"Gene","microbiota","validation","kidney disease","antioxidant activity","untargeted metabolomics","management",and"accumulation"are knowledge frontiers in recent years.CONCLUSION The relationship between metabolomics and diabetes is receiving extensive attention.Diabetic nephropathy,diabetic cardiovascular disease,and kidney disease are key diseases for future research in this field.Gut microbiota,molecular docking,and untargeted metabolomics are key research directions in the future.Antioxidant activity,gene,validation,mass spectrometry,management,and accumulation are at the forefront of knowledge frontiers in this field.
文摘Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich nature gas,which is the technology of CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming and hydrogen reaction.The following technologies are discussed,such as CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to olefins(FTO)technology for producing high value-added linear alpha olefins(LAO);CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology to produce higher carbon alcohols;direct methanol production from CO2 and hydrogen;and the new cutting edge technology of photo-catalytic process.In addition,simple techno-economic evaluations of two technologies mentioned above are discussed.The CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with FTO technology can achieve about 30%of internal rate return(IRR),while the low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology could have a static payback period of 2.57 years when the capacity of 2-propylhexanol(2-PH)reaches 100 kt/a.Based on the mega-size green and high-efficient CO2-rich natural gas direct utilization technology,a hybrid energy and chemical production system framework with good prospects is preliminarily designed.A modern industry zone with an annual capacity of more than 10 Mt of CO2 converted to high value-added products is underway.
文摘The Internet of Things(IoT)has witnessed a significant surge in adoption,particularly through the utilization of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs),which comprise small internet-connected devices.These deployments span various environments and offer a multitude of benefits.However,the widespread use of battery-powered devices introduces challenges due to their limited hardware resources and communication capabilities.In response to this,the Internet Engineering Task Force(IETF)has developed the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks(RPL)to address the unique requirements of such networks.Recognizing the critical role of RPL in maintaining high performance,this paper proposes a novel approach to optimizing power consumption.Specifically,it introduces a developed sensor motes topology integrated with a Radio Duty Cycling(RDC)mechanism aimed at minimizing power usage.Through rigorous analysis,the paper evaluates the power efficiency of this approach through several simulations conducted across different network topologies,including random,linear,tree,and elliptical topologies.Additionally,three distinct RDC mechanisms—CXMAC,ContikiMAC,and NullRDC—are investigated to assess their impact on power consumption.The findings of the study,based on a comprehensive and deep analysis of the simulated results,highlight the efficiency of ContikiMAC in power conservation.This research contributes valuable insights into enhancing the energy efficiency of RPL-based IoT networks,ultimately facilitating their widespread deployment and usability in diverse environments.
基金Funding from Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Education Department:to Investigate the Mechanism of Blood-activating Circulation Through the Regulation of Blood Stasis and Detoxification based on Wntβ-catenin Signaling Pathway(No.21B0398)Study on the Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells Induced by Fuxin Formula(No.22C0190)Changsha City 2020 Annual Guiding Science and Technology Plan Projects:Effect of Blood Circulation and Detoxification Method on Epithelial Barrier Composition and Function of Oral Mucosa(No.kzd2001010)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate the protective effect of the Chinese herbal formula of Jiedu Huayu decoction(解毒化瘀汤,JHD)on oral mucosa of rats with oral submucosal fibrosis(OSF)and its potential mechanism of action.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley male OSF model rats were constructed by injection of betaine and topical rubbing and were randomly grouped and administered by gavage for 4 weeks.Mouth opening and buccal mucosa scores interleukin levels and the expression of Axin andβ-catenin proteins or genes were measured before and after drug administration.RESULTS:After treatment with JHD the buccal mucosal lesions of rats were significantly reduced Axin protein and mRNA expression were significantly increasedβ-catenin protein and m RNA expression were significantly decreased interleukin-1βand interleukin-6 levels were decreased and interleukin-10 levels were increased.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of action of JHD can effectively alleviate the pathological damage of buccal mucosa in OSF rats which may be related to the promotion of Axin expression and inhibition ofβ-catenin expression.
基金Supported by the Tianjin Municipal Project of Science and Technology,No.21ZXGWSY00040and the Tianjin Health Research Project,No.TJWJ2022QN043.
文摘BACKGROUND Sterol O-acyltransferase 1(SOAT1)is an important target in the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.However,the prognostic value of SOAT1 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still not clear.AIM To investigate the correlation of SOAT1 expression with HCC,using RNA-seq and gene expression data of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)-liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC)and pan-cancer.METHODS The correlation between SOAT1 expression and HCC was analyzed.Cox hazard regression models were conducted to investigate the prognostic value of SOAT1 in HCC.Overall survival and disease-specific survival were explored based on TCGA-LIHC data.Biological processes and functional pathways mediated by SOAT1 were characterized by gene ontology(GO)analysis and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis of differentially expressed genes.In addition,the protein-protein interaction network and co-expression analyses of SOAT1 in HCC were performed to better understand the regulatory mechanisms of SOAT1 in this malignancy.RESULTS SOAT1 and SOAT2 were highly expressed in unpaired samples,while only SOAT1 was highly expressed in paired samples.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of SOAT1 expression in tumor samples from LIHC patients compared with para-carcinoma tissues was 0.748,while the area under the curve of SOAT1 expression in tumor samples from LIHC patients compared with GTEx was 0.676.Patients with higher SOAT1 expression had lower survival rates.Results from GO/KEGG and gene set enrichment analyses suggested that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway,the IL-18 signaling pathway,the calcium signaling pathway,secreted factors,the Wnt signaling pathway,the Jak/STAT signaling pathway,the MAPK family signaling pathway,and cell–cell communication were involved in such association.SOAT1 expression was positively associated with the abundance of macrophages,Th2 cells,T helper cells,CD56bright natural killer cells,and Th1 cells,and negatively linked to the abundance of Th17 cells,dendritic cells,and cytotoxic cells.CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that SOAT1 may serve as a novel target for HCC treatment,which is helpful for the development of new strategies for immunotherapy and metabolic therapy.
文摘Garden pea productivity and qualities are hampered in zinc(Zn),boron(B),and molybdenum(Mo)deficient soil.Thus,the combination of micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)and rhizobium is necessary to increase the productivity and quality of garden peas,since this management for garden peas is neglected in Bangladesh.Therefore,the present study was made to assess the effectiveness of rhizobium inoculant singly or in combination with the micronutrients(i.e.,Zn,B,and Mo)on growth,yield,nutrient uptake,and quality of garden peas.Treatments were:T_(1)=Control,T_(2)=Rhizobium inoculation at 50 g/kg seed,T_(3)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)Mo1,T_(4)=T_(2)+B_(2)Mo1,T_(5)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)B_(2),T_(6)=T_(2)+Zn_(3)B_(2)Mo1 and T_(7)=Zn_(3)B_(2)Mo1.All treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design and repeated all treatments in three times.The application of 3 kg Zn,2 kg B,and 1 kg Mo ha^(−1)with inoculation of Rhizobium at 50 g kg^(−1)seed(T_(6))facilitated to increase of 44.8%in the green pod and 29.7%seed yield over control.The same treatment contributed to attaining the maximum nodulation(25.3 plant^(−1)),Vitamin C(43.5 mg 100 g^(−1)),protein content(22.2%),and nutrient uptake as well as accumulation in garden peas.Among all treatment combinations,treatment T_(6)was found superior to others based on microbial activities,soil fertility,and profitability.The results of the study found that the application of 3 kg Zn,2 kg B,and 1 kg Mo ha^(−1)in combination with Rhizobium inoculation(50 g kg^(−1)seed)can improve the yield and quality of garden peas.The results of the study have the potential for the areas,where there is no use of Rhizobium inoculant or Zn,B,and Mo fertilizer for cultivation of garden pea.
文摘Under normal circumstances, spermatozoa are protected from the immune system by the blood-testis barrier. The breakdown of this barrier is the origin of the synthesis of antisperm antibodies (ASA). The presence of sperm agglutinates in semen is characteristic of ASA. But is the presence of agglutinates in semen necessarily linked to the level of ASA in semen? The objective of this study was to assess the concentration of anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) in normozoosperms and infertile men with azoospermia. The biological material consisted of samples of human sperms: 30 samples with azoospermia and 32 with normozoospermia. The ASA assay was performed in seminal plasma using the DRG® Sperm Antibody ELISA (seminal plasma) kit (EIA-4249). The reading was carried out using a microplate reader at 450 nm. Data analysis was performed using Graph Pad Prism 7 software. The results obtained showed that the difference in ASA concentration between these two categories of sperm was not significant, with an average ASA level of 31.54 ± 2.45 U/mL in azoospermic ejaculate and 27.63 ± 1.51 U/mL in normozoosperms. Statistical analysis showed higher ASA concentrations in azoosperms with 6.67% of these declared positive. The ASA positivity rate made it possible to distinguish secretory azoospermias from obstructive ones. Also, the presence of ASA is not necessarily linked to the presence of agglutinates in the semen.
文摘Cenchrus biflorus called Karangiya in the Hausa language is an annual pastoral grass which is a valuable herbaceous fodder in dry land region in the context of climate change. However, little is known about the plant water use under the effects of cut in West Africa Sahel like Niger where the plant is a multipurpose grass species. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of grazing (simulated by shoot cuts) on biomass production. Cenchrus biflorus Roxb was grown on field plots and in pots and subjected to shoot cuts at different levels (3 cm and 5 cm from soil surface). The effect of shoot cuts on drought tolerance was evaluated by assessing the response of transpiration to the diurnal variation of vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Results showed that the biomass production varied in response to shoot cuts depending on the culture system, and the level or frequency of cuts. The mean biomass production increased significantly especially in field plots for 5 cm cuts compared to those at 3 cm and the control treatment. In addition, transpiration was highly increased in response to the VPD increase. Shoot cuts significantly reduced transpiration, whatever the level, largely because they reduced leaf surface. We concluded that moderate grazing (cuts to 5cm) can improve biomass production and allow better adaptation to water deficit as they significantly reduced water loss through transpiration. The study recommends the cropping of the Cenchrus biflorus as climate solution as it performs better under water deficit for improving grazing resilience in Niger.
文摘The interesting nanomaterials that have developed quickly in the latest years and have a lot of significance in the biomedical industry are nanocelluloses (NCs). This tendency is in line with the growing need for maintainable materials that will enhance wellbeing and prolong human life, as well as the need to stay up to date with medical technological advancements. Based on the most desirable characteristics of nanocellulose, a variety of novel, useful materials with a broad scope of biomedical applications have been developed. NCs-based materials have garnered a lot of interest in medical applications due to their obtainability, biodegradability, affordability, biocompatibility, sustainability, exceptional mechanical qualities and low cytotoxicity. For the year 2022, the medical field more specifically, biosensors, drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and medical implants, represents more than 60% of all the disciplines in which NCs are utilized. Domains, including wrapping, purification of air, ultrafiltration, elimination of pollutants, acoustics, account for around 40% of the entire number of other applications [1]. The overview of nanocellulose for medical applications is briefly reviewed in the first section of this paper. The second section explains how nanocelluloses can be modified for use in medicine. Chemically altering nanocellulose to create hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites, as well as altering the surface for use in biomedicine. The review also discusses the benefits of nanocellulose over the existing technologies in the biomedical field. The final section discusses how nanocelluloses are used in the biomedical field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundational of China(Key Program),No.U24A20692(to CJZ)the National Natural Science Foundational of China,Nos.82101414(to MLJ),82371355(to CJZ)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundational of China for Excellent Young Scholars,No.82022019(to CJZ)Sichuan Special Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.24NSFJQ0052(to CJZ)The Innovation and Entrepreneurial Team of Sichuan Tianfu Emei Program,No.CZ2024018(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,No.30420230005(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,No.A1098531023601381(to CJZ)。
文摘The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myasthenia gravis,Guillain–Barre syndrome,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,diabetes,inflammatory skin diseases,joint inflammation,and cancer.Although the function of the interleukin-17 family has attracted increasing research attention over many years,the expression,function,and regulation mechanisms of different interleukin-17 members are complicated and still only partially understood.Currently,the interleukin-17A pathway is considered a critical therapeutic target for numerous immune and chronic inflammatory diseases,with several monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-17A having been successfully used in clinical practice.Whether other interleukin-17 members have the potential to be targeted in other diseases is still debated.This review first summarizes the recent advancements in understanding the physicochemical properties,physiological functions,cellular origins,and downstream signaling pathways of different members and corresponding receptors of the interleukin-17 family.Subsequently,the function of interleukin-17 in various immune diseases is discussed,and the important role of interleukin-17 in the pathological process of immune diseases is demonstrated from multiple perspectives.Then,the current status of targeted interleukin-17 therapy is summarized,and the effectiveness and safety of targeted interleukin-17 therapy are analyzed.Finally,the clinical application prospects of targeting the interleukin-17 pathway are discussed.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Nos.20JR10RA614,22YF7GA182,22JR11RA042,22JR5RA1006,24CXGA024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61804071.
文摘Accurate measurement of anchor rod length is crucial for ensuring structural safety in tunnel engineering,yet conventional destructive techniques face limitations in efficiency and adaptability to complex underground environments.This study presents a novel wireless instrument based on the standing wave principle to enable remote,non-destructive length assessment.The system employs a master-slave architecture,where a handheld transmitter unit initiates measurements through robust 433 MHz wireless communication,optimized for signal penetration in obstructed spaces.The embedded measurement unit,integrated with anchor rods during installation,utilizes frequency-scanning technology to excite structural resonances.By analyzing standing wave characteristics,anchor length is derived from a calibrated frequency-length relationship.Power management adopts a standby-activation strategy to minimize energy consumption while maintaining operational readiness.Experimental validation confirms the system effectively measures anchor lengths with high precision and maintains reliable signal transmission through thick concrete barriers,demonstrating suitability for tunnel deployment.The non-destructive approach eliminates structural damage risks associated with traditional pull-out tests,while wireless operation enhances inspection efficiency in confined spaces.Thiswork establishes a paradigmfor embedded structural healthmonitoring in tunneling,offering significant improvements over existing methods in safety,cost-effectiveness,and scalability.The technology holds promise for broad applications in mining,underground infrastructure,and geotechnical engineering.
基金This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoalde Nível Superior-Brasil(CAPES)-Finance Code 001.
文摘The continuous improvement in patient care and recovery is driving the development of innovative materials for medical applications.Medical sutures,essential for securing implants and closing deep wounds,have evolved to incorporate smart materials capable of responding to various stimuli.This study explores the potential of thermoresponsive sutures,made from shape memory materials,that contract upon heating to bring loose stitches closer together,promoting optimal wound closure.We developed nanocomposites based on a blend of poly(lactic acid)(PLA)and thermoplastic polyurethane(TPU)—biopolymers that inherently exhibit shape memory—enhanced with carbon nanotubes(CNT)and graphene nanoplatelets(GN)to improve mechanical performance.PLA/TPU(50/50)nanocomposites were prepared with 1 and 2 wt%GN,as well as hybrid formulations combining 1 wt%CNT with 1 or 2 wt%GN,using a twin-screw extrusion process to form filaments.These filaments were characterized through differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),field emission gun scanning electron microscopy(FEG-SEM),tensile testing,and shape memory assessments.While the PLA/TPU blend is immiscible,TPU enhances the crystallinity(X_(c))of the PLA phase,further increased by the addition of CNT and GN.FEG-SEM images indicate CNTs primarily in the PLA phase and GN in the TPU phase.PLA/TPU with 1 or 2 wt%GN showed the highest potential for suture applications,with a high elastic modulus(~1000 MPa),significant strain at break(~10%),and effective shape recovery(~20%at 55℃ for 30 min).These findings suggest that these nanocomposites can enhance suture performance with controlled shape recovery that is suitable for medical use.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174027)the Social Development Project of Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(No.BE2021782)Qinglan Project of Jiangsu Province.
文摘Oroxylin A(OA)is a natural flavonoid primarily derived from the plants Oroxylum indicum and Scutellaria baicalensis.Currently,OA is obtainable through chemical synthesis and exhibits polypharmacological properties,including anti-cancer,anti-inflammatory,anti-microbial,and multi-organ protective effects.The first-in-class drug OA tablets are presently undergoing phase Ib/IIa clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)treatment.Substantial evidence suggests that OA demonstrates therapeutic potential against various hepatic and gastrointestinal(GI)disorders,including HCC,hepatic fibrosis,fatty liver disease,hepatitis,liver injury,colitis,and colorectal cancer(CRC).OA exerts its therapeutic effects primarily by modulating several crucial signaling pathways,including those associated with apoptosis,oxidative stress,inflammation,glucolipid metabolism,and fibrosis activation.The oral pharmacokinetics of OA is characterized by phase II metabolism,hydrolysis,and enterohepatic recycling.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the critical stages involved in the development of OA tablets,presenting a holistic perspective on the progression of this first-in-class drug from preclinical to clinical phases.It encompasses the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients,pharmacokinetics,pharmacological efficacy,toxicology,drug delivery,and recent advancements in clinical trials.Importantly,this review examines the potential mechanisms by which OA may influence the gut-liver axis,hypothesizing that these interactions may confer health benefits associated with OA that transcend the limitations posed by its poor bioavailability.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis,primarily due to its late diagnosis.Current gold-standard diagnostic methods,such as tissue histopathological examination,are invasive and carry risks of complications(e.g.,bleeding,infection,pancreatic fistula),limiting their routine use.Serum tumor markers[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA-19-9),carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA)]have been widely studied for non-invasive screening,but their single use lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection.Emerging research suggests that inflammatory and stromal-related molecules,such as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)(involved in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis)and chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3 L1)(a marker of tissue remodeling and inflammation),may complement traditional markers in improving diagnostic accuracy.However,their combined utility in pancreatic cancer diagnosis,particularly for differentiating early-stage tumors,remains unclear.AIM To explore the application value of serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA)and serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.METHODS From October 2021 to October 2024,51 patients with pancreatic cancer were selected for the pancreatic cancer group,and 51 healthy examinees were selected for the healthy group during the same period.The value of serum tumor markers in combination with serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was assessed.RESULTS Comparison of age,gender,body mass index,and drinking and smoking histories between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05);serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 levels were higher in the pancreatic cancer group(P<0.05);pancreatic cancer patients of stage II had higher serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1,and CHI3 L1 values(P<0.05);serum tumor markers,serum sICAM-1,and CHI3 L1 were positively correlated with pancreatic cancer(P<0.05)and showed a positive correlation with stage I and stage II.Pancreatic cancer showed a positive correlation(P<0.05);multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 were independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer(P<0.05);serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1,serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA)and serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 had area under the curves(AUCs)of 0.750,0.724,0.585,and 0.562 for pancreatic cancer diagnosis,respectively;AUCs for stage I diagnosis were 0.766,0.752,0.622,and 0.572 and for stage II diagnosis were 0.783,0.758,0.626,and 0.671,respectively,and the AUCs for the combined diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,stage I pancreatic cancer,and stage II pancreatic cancer were 0.782,0.824,and 0.862,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined detection of serum tumor markers with serum sICAM-1 and serum CHI3 L1 can significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and its different stages.
基金supported by Northern Border University Researchers Supporting Project number(NBU-FFR-2025-432-03),Northern Border University,Arar,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In medical imaging,accurate brain tumor classification in medical imaging requires real-time processing and efficient computation,making hardware acceleration essential.Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs)offer parallelism and reconfigurability,making them well-suited for such tasks.In this study,we propose a hardware-accelerated Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)for brain cancer classification,implemented on the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA.Our approach optimizes the first Conv2D layer using different numerical representations:8-bit fixed-point(INT8),16-bit fixed-point(FP16),and 32-bit fixed-point(FP32),while the remaining layers run on an ARM Cortex-A9 processor.Experimental results demonstrate that FPGA acceleration significantly outperforms the CPU(Central Processing Unit)based approach.The obtained results emphasize the critical importance of selecting the appropriate numerical representation for hardware acceleration in medical imaging.On the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA,the INT8 achieves a 16.8%reduction in latency and 22.2%power savings compared to FP32,making it ideal for real-time and energy-constrained applications.FP16 offers a strong balance,delivering only a 0.1%drop in accuracy compared to FP32(94.1%vs.94.2%)while improving latency by 5%and reducing power consumption by 11.1%.Compared to prior works,the proposed FPGA-based CNN model achieves the highest classification accuracy(94.2%)with a throughput of up to 1.562 FPS,outperforming GPU-based and traditional CPU methods in both accuracy and hardware efficiency.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of FPGA-based AI acceleration for real-time,power-efficient,and high-performance brain tumor classification,showcasing its practical potential in next-generation medical imaging systems.
基金Project supported by the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovadon Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX32SW2424).
文摘Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial patterns have on LST in Beijing, China. A classification and regression tree model （CART） was adopted to estimate IS as a continuous variable using Landsat images from two seasons combined with QuickBird. LST was retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） image to examine the relationships between IS and LST. The results revealed that CART was capable of consistently predicting LST with acceptable accuracy （correlation coefficient of 0.94 and the average error of 8.59%）. Spatial patterns of IS exhibited changing gradients across the various urban-rural transects, with LST values showing a concentric shape that increased as you moved from the outskirts towards the downtown areas. Transect analysis also indicated that the changes in both IS and LST patterns were similar at various resolution levels, which suggests a distinct linear relationship between them. Results of correlation analysis further showed that IS tended to be positively correlated with LST, and that the correlation coefficients increased from 0.807 to 0.925 with increases in IS pixel size. The findings identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for improving urban planning efforts to lessen urban temperatures and thus dampen urban heat island effects.
基金Project supported by Faculty of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,University of Batna,Algeria
文摘This study presents analysis, control and comparison of three hybrid approaches for the direct torque control (DTC) of the dual star induction motor (DSIM) drive. Its objective consists of combining three different heuristic optimization techniques including PID-PSO, Fuzzy-PSO and GA-PSO to improve the DSIM speed controlled loop behavior. The GA and PSO algorithms are developed and implemented into MATLAB. As a result, fuzzy-PSO is the most appropriate scheme. The main performance of fuzzy-PSO is reducing high torque ripples, improving rise time and avoiding disturbances that affect the drive performance.
