Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich n...Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich nature gas,which is the technology of CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming and hydrogen reaction.The following technologies are discussed,such as CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to olefins(FTO)technology for producing high value-added linear alpha olefins(LAO);CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology to produce higher carbon alcohols;direct methanol production from CO2 and hydrogen;and the new cutting edge technology of photo-catalytic process.In addition,simple techno-economic evaluations of two technologies mentioned above are discussed.The CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with FTO technology can achieve about 30%of internal rate return(IRR),while the low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology could have a static payback period of 2.57 years when the capacity of 2-propylhexanol(2-PH)reaches 100 kt/a.Based on the mega-size green and high-efficient CO2-rich natural gas direct utilization technology,a hybrid energy and chemical production system framework with good prospects is preliminarily designed.A modern industry zone with an annual capacity of more than 10 Mt of CO2 converted to high value-added products is underway.展开更多
Research conducted in U Minh Thuong National Park to assess carbon storage from fires and water on forest growth and regeneration.In 2003 after forest fire,measures were implemented to promote forest regeneration,affo...Research conducted in U Minh Thuong National Park to assess carbon storage from fires and water on forest growth and regeneration.In 2003 after forest fire,measures were implemented to promote forest regeneration,afforestation,and rainwater storage,aim to prevent future forest fires.Investigating established in 2023 on the thicknesses of(20–40 cm),(40–60 cm),(60–80 cm)of the 500 m2 per plot,with 5 replications,measuring growth and analyzing peat chemistry.Contents include:Assessing changes in peat and carbon reserves Melaleuca forests before and after forest fires;analysis of peat and water chemical properties during seasonal floods,assessing Melaleuca growth,and the relationship between soil chemistry and growth due to higher water levels 20 years after forest fire.The results show a large volume of peat and carbon reserves,accumulated over thousands of years,destroyed by forest fires;lost in large quantities due to frequent flooding,leading to organic matter decomposition.Melaleuca grows slowly and death ratio increases after 20 years.Study also determined soil and water chemistry by seasonal flood;relationship between peat chemical indicators and Melaleuca growth on peat thickness.Results assessed the total peat volume and carbon stocks accumulated over thousands of years of Melaleuca Forest history,the effects of forest fires and water management on growth and chemical relationships,particularly after above-normal water levels were observed for 20 years.Results are research changes in peat.展开更多
Cinnamon was a significant commodity in the spice trade along the Silk Road and was popular throughout Asia,Europe,and Africa,where it has been widely used in medicine,religion,and daily life from ancient times to the...Cinnamon was a significant commodity in the spice trade along the Silk Road and was popular throughout Asia,Europe,and Africa,where it has been widely used in medicine,religion,and daily life from ancient times to the present day.This paper examines the ancient literature related to cinnamon from a global perspective,exploring its origins,spread,and medicinal uses documented in various traditional medicine.It aims to uncover the exchange of medicinal knowledge among civilizations along the Silk Road and the contribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to medical practices worldwide.The findings indicate that China and Southeast Asia were the primary sources of cinnamon used in the West during ancient times,with Persian and Arab traders playing a crucial role in its transmission from East to West.The common and unique applications of cinnamon in various medical traditions illustrate the dynamic flow of medicinal knowledge across regions and highlight the distinct strengths and characteristics of traditional medicines shaped by diverse cultural backgrounds.Taking cinnamon as an example,this study demonstrates how the westward spread of traditional Chinese medicines promoted the exchange and integration of medical knowledge among countries along the Silk Road.It contributes to understanding the patterns of medical knowledge dissemination between the ancient East and West,with medicines as the carrier for cultural exchange.展开更多
In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over ...In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).展开更多
Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in reliev...Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in relieving constipation by using the slow transit constipation(STC)mouse model and network pharmacology.The results of animal experiments showed that M.oleifera aqueous extract(MOA)had good laxative activity,and its 70%alcohol soluble part(ASP)also showed significant laxative activity(P<0.01).Network pharmacological prediction results suggested that L-phenylalanine(Phe)was the key compound of ASP,and it might relieve constipation through tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)and three kinds of adrenergic receptors,includingα_(1A)(ADRA1A),α_(2A)(ADRA2A),andα_(2B)(ADRA2B).Further animal experiment results showed that Phe significantly promoted gastrointestinal motility.Phe may relieve STC by enhancing the release of substance P(SP)and upregulating the m RNA expression of TACR1 in the ileum.Importantly,Phe may also promote intestinal movement by downregulating the m RNA expression of ADRA2A and ADRA2B and upregulating the m RNA expression of Calm and the m RNA and protein expression of myosin light chain 9 in the ileum,thereby activating the G protein-coupled receptor-myosin light chain signaling pathway.These results lay a foundation for the application of M.oleifera and Phe in constipation.展开更多
Copper complexes inspired by O_(2)-activating enzymes have been widely investigated as molecular water oxidation catalysts,capable of facile and reversible O─O bond formation and cleavage under mild conditions.In thi...Copper complexes inspired by O_(2)-activating enzymes have been widely investigated as molecular water oxidation catalysts,capable of facile and reversible O─O bond formation and cleavage under mild conditions.In this study,two copper phenanthroline complexes,namely,Cu(phen)and Cu(dophen),exhibit high turnover frequencies(TOFs)of 74±13 and(5.66±0.29)×10^(3)s^(−1)for water oxidation,respectively.Moreover,amino acid-functionalized carbon dots(CDs)were used to support the adhesion of the[Cu]complexes onto the electrode,significantly enhancing the TOFs of(2.80±0.12)×10^(3)and(4.11±0.24)×10^(4)s^(−1),respectively,exceeding the activity of photosystem Ⅱ in nature.Remarkably,the amino acid-functionalized CDs provide a secondary sphere that mimics the catalytic microenvironment of the copper centre,which promotes proton-coupled electron transfer and O─O bond formation.Finally,the photovoltaic-electrolysis(PVE)system was established using CDs-supported Cu catalysts and commercial silicon solar panels,achieving a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 11.59%under the illumination of AM 1.5 G.This represents the most efficient solar-driven water splitting system based on copper-based catalysts to date,introducing the biomimetic secondary sphere to a“proton-rocking”process for water oxidation catalysis and application of the PVE system.展开更多
Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of ...Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of CaCe_(2)(S/Se)_(4)by density functional theory based on the Wien2k code.The energy released during optimization in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states confirms that the ferromagnetic state is stable,which is further verified by negative formation energy.Heisenberg model and density of states report the Curie temperature and spin polarization.Half metallic ferromagnetism(HMF)regarding hybridization,crystal fields,exchange ene rgies,and double exchange mechanisms is discussed.The transfer of magnetic moments from Ce to Ca and S/Se and interstitial sites ensure the role of spin of electrons rather than clustering.Mo reover,the optical prope rties are addressed by dielectric constants,absorption,refraction,and optical loss.The first absorption peaks exist in infrared zone;others fall in visible to ultraviolet zones.The spin-up(↑)and spin-down(↓)channel thermoelectric factors combine and report the performance by conductivities,Seebeck coefficient,and power factor.Therefore,the studied materials'optical and thermoelectric behaviours will allow researchers to realize them for technological applications.展开更多
Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on th...Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on this paradigm,recent developments have introduced a novel class of black holes within the VEG framework,revealing intriguing connections between apparent dark matter effects and the distribution of baryonic matter.In this study,we delve into the observational signatures of a Simpson–Visser(SV)Minkowski core regular black hole in VEG,focusing on its shadow images and intensity profiles.Our analysis highlights the profound influence of model parameters,including A(governing baryonic matter distribution),B(strength of interaction between apparent dark matter and baryonic matter),and n(characterizing diverse spacetime geometries),on the effective potential and observable properties.Notably,we find that the modifications introduced by these parameters lead to distinct changes in the black hole's shadow size and intensity distribution.Comparing our results to the Reissner–Nordström(RN)black hole,we uncover a striking reduction in the apparent shadow size and an enhancement in intensity for the SV solution in VEG.展开更多
The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multi...The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myasthenia gravis,Guillain–Barre syndrome,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,diabetes,inflammatory skin diseases,joint inflammation,and cancer.Although the function of the interleukin-17 family has attracted increasing research attention over many years,the expression,function,and regulation mechanisms of different interleukin-17 members are complicated and still only partially understood.Currently,the interleukin-17A pathway is considered a critical therapeutic target for numerous immune and chronic inflammatory diseases,with several monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-17A having been successfully used in clinical practice.Whether other interleukin-17 members have the potential to be targeted in other diseases is still debated.This review first summarizes the recent advancements in understanding the physicochemical properties,physiological functions,cellular origins,and downstream signaling pathways of different members and corresponding receptors of the interleukin-17 family.Subsequently,the function of interleukin-17 in various immune diseases is discussed,and the important role of interleukin-17 in the pathological process of immune diseases is demonstrated from multiple perspectives.Then,the current status of targeted interleukin-17 therapy is summarized,and the effectiveness and safety of targeted interleukin-17 therapy are analyzed.Finally,the clinical application prospects of targeting the interleukin-17 pathway are discussed.展开更多
Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial ...Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial patterns have on LST in Beijing, China. A classification and regression tree model （CART） was adopted to estimate IS as a continuous variable using Landsat images from two seasons combined with QuickBird. LST was retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） image to examine the relationships between IS and LST. The results revealed that CART was capable of consistently predicting LST with acceptable accuracy （correlation coefficient of 0.94 and the average error of 8.59%）. Spatial patterns of IS exhibited changing gradients across the various urban-rural transects, with LST values showing a concentric shape that increased as you moved from the outskirts towards the downtown areas. Transect analysis also indicated that the changes in both IS and LST patterns were similar at various resolution levels, which suggests a distinct linear relationship between them. Results of correlation analysis further showed that IS tended to be positively correlated with LST, and that the correlation coefficients increased from 0.807 to 0.925 with increases in IS pixel size. The findings identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for improving urban planning efforts to lessen urban temperatures and thus dampen urban heat island effects.展开更多
This study presents analysis, control and comparison of three hybrid approaches for the direct torque control (DTC) of the dual star induction motor (DSIM) drive. Its objective consists of combining three different he...This study presents analysis, control and comparison of three hybrid approaches for the direct torque control (DTC) of the dual star induction motor (DSIM) drive. Its objective consists of combining three different heuristic optimization techniques including PID-PSO, Fuzzy-PSO and GA-PSO to improve the DSIM speed controlled loop behavior. The GA and PSO algorithms are developed and implemented into MATLAB. As a result, fuzzy-PSO is the most appropriate scheme. The main performance of fuzzy-PSO is reducing high torque ripples, improving rise time and avoiding disturbances that affect the drive performance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Studies show that the antifibrotic mechanism of taurine may involve its inhibition of the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs). Since the molecular mechanism of taurine-mediated anti...BACKGROUND Studies show that the antifibrotic mechanism of taurine may involve its inhibition of the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs). Since the molecular mechanism of taurine-mediated antifibrotic activity has not been fully unveiled and is little studied, it is imperative to use "omics" methods to systematically investigate the molecular mechanism by which taurine inhibits liver fibrosis.AIM To establish a network including transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction data to elucidate the molecular mechanism of taurine-induced HSC apoptosis.METHODS We used microarrays, bioinformatics, protein-protein interaction(PPI) network,and sub-modules to investigate taurine-induced changes in gene expression in human HSCs(LX-2). Subsequently, all of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were subjected to gene ontology function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the interactions of DEGs were explored in a human PPI network, and sub-modules of the DEGs interaction network were analyzed using Cytoscape software.RESULTS A total of 635 DEGs were identified in taurine-treated HSCs when compared with the controls. Of these, 304 genes were statistically significantly up-regulated, and 331 down-regulated. Most of these DEGs were mainly located on the membrane and extracellular region, and are involved in the biological processes of signal transduction, cell proliferation, positive regulation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1(ERK1) and ERK2 cascade, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and so on. Fifteen significantly enriched pathways with DEGs were identified, including mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway and so on. By integrating the transcriptomics and human PPI data, nine critical genes, including MMP2, MMP9, MMP21,TIMP3, KLF10, CX3CR1, TGFB1, VEGFB, and EGF, were identified in the PPI network analysis.CONCLUSION Taurine promotes the apoptosis of HSCs via up-regulating TGFB1 and then activating the p38 MAPK-JNK-Caspase9/8/3 pathway. These findings enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of taurine-induced HSC apoptosis and provide references for liver disorder therapy.展开更多
A novel treatment process of lead anode slime bearing high antimony and low silver was developed by a potential-controlled chloridization leaching and continuous distillation.The experimental results show a high Sb 3+...A novel treatment process of lead anode slime bearing high antimony and low silver was developed by a potential-controlled chloridization leaching and continuous distillation.The experimental results show a high Sb 3+ concentration,489.2 g/L,in the leaching solution for two-stage countercurrent leaching process,and the leaching rates of Sb,Cu,Bi more than 99% when the potential is controlled at 450 mV.When the leaching solution is distillated and concentrated at 120°C,almost all the silicon compound is evaporated into the concentration distillate and exists as amorphous hydrated silica.By the continuous distillation,high pure SbCl3 could be prepared,and AsCl3 is enriched in the distillate while metals Bi,Cu are enriched in the continuous distillation residue.As a result,the recovery rate of Sb is more than 95%.展开更多
We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to exam...We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to examine the associations between maternal and perinatal characteristics and the risk of macrosomia.A nested case-control study was conducted to explore the long-term health consequence of infant macrosomia.The mean maternal age of the macrosomia group was 24.74±3.32 years,which is slightly older than that in the control group（24.35±3.14 years,P = 0.000）.The mean maternal body mass index（BMI） at early pregnancy was 22.75±2.81 kg/m 2,which was also higher than that in the control group（21.76±2.59 kg/m 2,P = 0.000）.About 64.6% of macrosomic neonates were males,compared with 51.0% in the control group（P = 0.000）.Compared with women with normal weight（BMI：18.5-23.9 kg/m 2）,women who were overweight（BMI：24-27.9 kg/m 2） or obese（BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2）,respectively,had a 1.69-fold（P = 0.000） and a 1.49-fold（P = 0.000） increased risks of having a neonate with macrosomia,while light weight（BMI〈18.5 kg/m 2） women had an approximately 50% reduction of the risk.Furthermore,macrosomia infant had a 1.52-fold and 1.50-fold risk,respectively,of developing overweight or obesity at the age of 7 years（P = 0.001 and P = 0.000）.Older maternal age,higher maternal BMI at early pregnancy and male gender were independent risk factors of macrosomia.Macrosomic infant was associated with an increased predisposition to develop overweight or obesity at the beginning of their childhood.展开更多
Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental marg...Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin. From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments, we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset, supposed to be formed with normal lithosphere extension. On the slope, where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upweUing and heating, composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed. The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset. Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere, composite half grabens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed, whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset, while the inner faults are relatively short. Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature, the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike. When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone, and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress, the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments, which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment, where the Baiyun （白云） sag formed.展开更多
We tested 288 pieces of the polished cabochon jadeite-jade with high quality green and smooth surfaces using the colorimeter Color i5 based on the CIE 1976 L＊a＊b＊ uniform color space. The color changes after altern...We tested 288 pieces of the polished cabochon jadeite-jade with high quality green and smooth surfaces using the colorimeter Color i5 based on the CIE 1976 L＊a＊b＊ uniform color space. The color changes after alternating three CIE standard light sources D65, A and CWF were compared, and the degree of metamerism was evaluated. The results show that the CIE standard light sources D65, A and CWF increase the chroma of green and turn bluish green into vivid green, which are similar or to nearly colorless and transparent glass-like samples with fine textures. When the three light sources were individually alternated, the lightness of the jadeite-jades showed little change, but the tone changed significantly. Metamerism occurred only in 3 pairs among the 16 samples that were selected by cluster analysis for quality, and the metamerism colors were highly consistent of L＊D65∈（43.47, 46.75）, C＊D65∈（65.20, 68.80） and ho＊D65∈（138.10, 140.23）. We can conclude that the jadeite-jade green gradually turns to blue when the color temperature of the light source increases. But when considering both the light sources and the samples, D65 is more suitable to be the light source of jadeite-jade green when compared with the light sources CWF and A. Compared with the CIE standard green and high chroma green, high-quality jadeite-jade green has a slight yellow tone, low lightness and high chroma. The special metamerism index decreased to 1 when the light source alternated among D65, A and CWF. Therefore, the color of jadeite-jade green might be slightly influenced by alternating of the light sources.展开更多
BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are l...BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are lymphoid stromal hyperplasia and nodular arrangement of tumor epithelial cells.This type of tumor is rare;therefore,the corresponding clinical guidelines,histopathological diagnostic criteria,prognostic factors,and therapeutic regimens have not been established.CASE SUMMARY This study covers a novel presentation of MNC in a patient and summarizes the clinicopathological characteristics of this type of tumor by using pooled-analysis methods.Morphologically,this tumor type is a series of benign to malignant pedigrees.We establish the following criteria for the classification of micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma:(1)Tumor cells with moderate-to-severe dysplasia;(2)Tumor cell mitotic figures>2/10 high-power fields;(3)Appearance of neoplastic necrosis;(4)No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive immature T lymphocytes within the tumor;(5)Tumor cells with a Ki-67 index≥10%;and(6)Tumor cells express CD5.Cases that fall into the borders of two categories in terms of morphology are attributed to atypical MNT.It is proposed that the diagnosis of MNT should be established on the diagnostic criteria mentioned above.CONCLUSION Our diagnostic algorithm can effectively distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors and provides a potent basis for predicting a prognosis,which offers a practical reference for oncologists and pathologists.展开更多
The extant genus Paliurus Miller is divided into P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups and is diagnostically characterized by distinctive orbicular-winged fruits with a trilocular （or often bilocular） ovary an...The extant genus Paliurus Miller is divided into P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups and is diagnostically characterized by distinctive orbicular-winged fruits with a trilocular （or often bilocular） ovary and basally triveined leaves with a subentire to serrate margin. Here, structurally preserved winged fruits and associated compressed leaves of Paliurus （Paliureae, Rhamnaceae） are reported from the Middle-Upper Miocene Shengxian Formation of Tiantai, Zhejiang, eastern China. The fruits can be identified as Paliurus microcarpa Xiang-Chuan Lisp. nov., the diagnostic characters of external morphology and anatomy of which differ from those of both extant and fossil generic members; the leaves can be designated as Paliurus sp. The species based on winged fruits, P. microcarpa, might represent an ancient intermediate link exclusively known across the P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups, showing a closer affinity to the P. ramosissimus group based on the resemblant smaller fruits with a narrower wing, and to the P. spina-christi group based on the similar wing structure and texture, respectively. Morphological analyses of the present and previous fossil fruit records around the world indicate that diversification of Paliurus had begun in northern transpacific regions by the Late Eocene. The macrofossil records, i.e., fruits and leaves of Paliurus globally when projected on paleoenvironmental maps in view of changing continental positions through time （from Eocene to Miocene） display that the past distribution of the genus was much wider than the present and belongs to a tropical and warm temperate realm of the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, the modern restricted disjunction in tropical and warm temperate regions of East Asia and South Europe （even eastwards West Asia） might represent glacial refugia for some of the generic ancient lineages to survive severe cold at least since the terminal Pliocene.展开更多
The constitutive promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S （CaMV 35S） is a polar unidirectional promoter and is widely used in plant genetic engineering. In the present study, the unidirectional CaMV 35S promoter has...The constitutive promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S （CaMV 35S） is a polar unidirectional promoter and is widely used in plant genetic engineering. In the present study, the unidirectional CaMV 35S promoter has been modified to a bi-directional promoter by fusing its minimal promoter element to the 5＇ end of CaMV 35S promoter in the opposite orientation. To qualitatively and quantitatively estimate its bi-directional transcriptional function and activity, two visible reporter genes, gusA （13-glucuronidase, GUS） and gfp （green fluorescent protein, GFP）, were fused to the two ends of the promoter in bi-orientations ending with NOS terminator sequences, respectively. Stable expression of gusA and gfp genes in transgenic tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） was visulized by histochemically staining for GUS and fluorescence microscopic observation under UV for GFP in transgenic plants. The expression of two reporter genes showed that the constructed bi-directional promoter did have the bi-directional transcriptional function in both expected orientations. The quantitative estimation of GUS and GFP were determined on a HITACHI F1000 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer with various wavelengths of excitation and emission. The GUS activity varied from g to 250 pmol 4-MU/min/mg protein and the GFP content varied from 0.9 to 1.8 μg/ mg protein in various lines of transgenic tobacco plants. Higher GUS activity generally coupled with lower GFP content, and vice versa.展开更多
Exposure to lead（Pb） may affect adversely human health. Mapping soil Pb contents is essential to obtain a quantitative estimate of potential risk of Pb contamination. The main aim of this paper was to determine the ...Exposure to lead（Pb） may affect adversely human health. Mapping soil Pb contents is essential to obtain a quantitative estimate of potential risk of Pb contamination. The main aim of this paper was to determine the soil Pb concentrations in the urban and peri-urban area of Cosenza-Rende to map their spatial distribution and assess the probability that soil Pb concentration exceeds a critical threshold that might cause concern for human health.Samples were collected at 149 locations from residual and non-residual topsoil in gardens,parks, flower-beds, and agricultural fields. Fine earth fraction of soil samples was analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Stochastic images generated by the sequential Gaussian simulation were jointly combined to calculate the probability of exceeding the critical threshold that could be used to delineate the potentially risky areas. Results showed areas in which Pb concentration values were higher to the Italian regulatory values. These polluted areas were quite large and likely, they could create a significant health risk for human beings and vegetation in the near future. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach can be used to study soil contamination to produce geochemical maps,and identify hot-spot areas for soil Pb concentration.展开更多
文摘Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich nature gas,which is the technology of CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming and hydrogen reaction.The following technologies are discussed,such as CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to olefins(FTO)technology for producing high value-added linear alpha olefins(LAO);CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology to produce higher carbon alcohols;direct methanol production from CO2 and hydrogen;and the new cutting edge technology of photo-catalytic process.In addition,simple techno-economic evaluations of two technologies mentioned above are discussed.The CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with FTO technology can achieve about 30%of internal rate return(IRR),while the low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology could have a static payback period of 2.57 years when the capacity of 2-propylhexanol(2-PH)reaches 100 kt/a.Based on the mega-size green and high-efficient CO2-rich natural gas direct utilization technology,a hybrid energy and chemical production system framework with good prospects is preliminarily designed.A modern industry zone with an annual capacity of more than 10 Mt of CO2 converted to high value-added products is underway.
基金Department of Science,Technology and Environment,Ministry of Education and Training Vietnam has supported project KGU1-B2024(2024–2025)the Faculty of Natural resources and Environment of Kien Giang University+1 种基金the U Minh Thuong National Park of Vietnamthe Southern Forestry Institute of Vietnam.
文摘Research conducted in U Minh Thuong National Park to assess carbon storage from fires and water on forest growth and regeneration.In 2003 after forest fire,measures were implemented to promote forest regeneration,afforestation,and rainwater storage,aim to prevent future forest fires.Investigating established in 2023 on the thicknesses of(20–40 cm),(40–60 cm),(60–80 cm)of the 500 m2 per plot,with 5 replications,measuring growth and analyzing peat chemistry.Contents include:Assessing changes in peat and carbon reserves Melaleuca forests before and after forest fires;analysis of peat and water chemical properties during seasonal floods,assessing Melaleuca growth,and the relationship between soil chemistry and growth due to higher water levels 20 years after forest fire.The results show a large volume of peat and carbon reserves,accumulated over thousands of years,destroyed by forest fires;lost in large quantities due to frequent flooding,leading to organic matter decomposition.Melaleuca grows slowly and death ratio increases after 20 years.Study also determined soil and water chemistry by seasonal flood;relationship between peat chemical indicators and Melaleuca growth on peat thickness.Results assessed the total peat volume and carbon stocks accumulated over thousands of years of Melaleuca Forest history,the effects of forest fires and water management on growth and chemical relationships,particularly after above-normal water levels were observed for 20 years.Results are research changes in peat.
文摘Cinnamon was a significant commodity in the spice trade along the Silk Road and was popular throughout Asia,Europe,and Africa,where it has been widely used in medicine,religion,and daily life from ancient times to the present day.This paper examines the ancient literature related to cinnamon from a global perspective,exploring its origins,spread,and medicinal uses documented in various traditional medicine.It aims to uncover the exchange of medicinal knowledge among civilizations along the Silk Road and the contribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to medical practices worldwide.The findings indicate that China and Southeast Asia were the primary sources of cinnamon used in the West during ancient times,with Persian and Arab traders playing a crucial role in its transmission from East to West.The common and unique applications of cinnamon in various medical traditions illustrate the dynamic flow of medicinal knowledge across regions and highlight the distinct strengths and characteristics of traditional medicines shaped by diverse cultural backgrounds.Taking cinnamon as an example,this study demonstrates how the westward spread of traditional Chinese medicines promoted the exchange and integration of medical knowledge among countries along the Silk Road.It contributes to understanding the patterns of medical knowledge dissemination between the ancient East and West,with medicines as the carrier for cultural exchange.
基金Supported by Research Funds of Hubei Province(D20144401,Q20174503)。
文摘In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).
文摘Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in relieving constipation by using the slow transit constipation(STC)mouse model and network pharmacology.The results of animal experiments showed that M.oleifera aqueous extract(MOA)had good laxative activity,and its 70%alcohol soluble part(ASP)also showed significant laxative activity(P<0.01).Network pharmacological prediction results suggested that L-phenylalanine(Phe)was the key compound of ASP,and it might relieve constipation through tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)and three kinds of adrenergic receptors,includingα_(1A)(ADRA1A),α_(2A)(ADRA2A),andα_(2B)(ADRA2B).Further animal experiment results showed that Phe significantly promoted gastrointestinal motility.Phe may relieve STC by enhancing the release of substance P(SP)and upregulating the m RNA expression of TACR1 in the ileum.Importantly,Phe may also promote intestinal movement by downregulating the m RNA expression of ADRA2A and ADRA2B and upregulating the m RNA expression of Calm and the m RNA and protein expression of myosin light chain 9 in the ileum,thereby activating the G protein-coupled receptor-myosin light chain signaling pathway.These results lay a foundation for the application of M.oleifera and Phe in constipation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273187)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1500800)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110372,2023A1515011306,2023A1515240077)Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province(2023B1212120011)。
文摘Copper complexes inspired by O_(2)-activating enzymes have been widely investigated as molecular water oxidation catalysts,capable of facile and reversible O─O bond formation and cleavage under mild conditions.In this study,two copper phenanthroline complexes,namely,Cu(phen)and Cu(dophen),exhibit high turnover frequencies(TOFs)of 74±13 and(5.66±0.29)×10^(3)s^(−1)for water oxidation,respectively.Moreover,amino acid-functionalized carbon dots(CDs)were used to support the adhesion of the[Cu]complexes onto the electrode,significantly enhancing the TOFs of(2.80±0.12)×10^(3)and(4.11±0.24)×10^(4)s^(−1),respectively,exceeding the activity of photosystem Ⅱ in nature.Remarkably,the amino acid-functionalized CDs provide a secondary sphere that mimics the catalytic microenvironment of the copper centre,which promotes proton-coupled electron transfer and O─O bond formation.Finally,the photovoltaic-electrolysis(PVE)system was established using CDs-supported Cu catalysts and commercial silicon solar panels,achieving a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 11.59%under the illumination of AM 1.5 G.This represents the most efficient solar-driven water splitting system based on copper-based catalysts to date,introducing the biomimetic secondary sphere to a“proton-rocking”process for water oxidation catalysis and application of the PVE system.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/630/45。
文摘Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of CaCe_(2)(S/Se)_(4)by density functional theory based on the Wien2k code.The energy released during optimization in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states confirms that the ferromagnetic state is stable,which is further verified by negative formation energy.Heisenberg model and density of states report the Curie temperature and spin polarization.Half metallic ferromagnetism(HMF)regarding hybridization,crystal fields,exchange ene rgies,and double exchange mechanisms is discussed.The transfer of magnetic moments from Ce to Ca and S/Se and interstitial sites ensure the role of spin of electrons rather than clustering.Mo reover,the optical prope rties are addressed by dielectric constants,absorption,refraction,and optical loss.The first absorption peaks exist in infrared zone;others fall in visible to ultraviolet zones.The spin-up(↑)and spin-down(↓)channel thermoelectric factors combine and report the performance by conductivities,Seebeck coefficient,and power factor.Therefore,the studied materials'optical and thermoelectric behaviours will allow researchers to realize them for technological applications.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/333/46。
文摘Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on this paradigm,recent developments have introduced a novel class of black holes within the VEG framework,revealing intriguing connections between apparent dark matter effects and the distribution of baryonic matter.In this study,we delve into the observational signatures of a Simpson–Visser(SV)Minkowski core regular black hole in VEG,focusing on its shadow images and intensity profiles.Our analysis highlights the profound influence of model parameters,including A(governing baryonic matter distribution),B(strength of interaction between apparent dark matter and baryonic matter),and n(characterizing diverse spacetime geometries),on the effective potential and observable properties.Notably,we find that the modifications introduced by these parameters lead to distinct changes in the black hole's shadow size and intensity distribution.Comparing our results to the Reissner–Nordström(RN)black hole,we uncover a striking reduction in the apparent shadow size and an enhancement in intensity for the SV solution in VEG.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundational of China(Key Program),No.U24A20692(to CJZ)the National Natural Science Foundational of China,Nos.82101414(to MLJ),82371355(to CJZ)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundational of China for Excellent Young Scholars,No.82022019(to CJZ)Sichuan Special Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.24NSFJQ0052(to CJZ)The Innovation and Entrepreneurial Team of Sichuan Tianfu Emei Program,No.CZ2024018(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,No.30420230005(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,No.A1098531023601381(to CJZ)。
文摘The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myasthenia gravis,Guillain–Barre syndrome,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,diabetes,inflammatory skin diseases,joint inflammation,and cancer.Although the function of the interleukin-17 family has attracted increasing research attention over many years,the expression,function,and regulation mechanisms of different interleukin-17 members are complicated and still only partially understood.Currently,the interleukin-17A pathway is considered a critical therapeutic target for numerous immune and chronic inflammatory diseases,with several monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-17A having been successfully used in clinical practice.Whether other interleukin-17 members have the potential to be targeted in other diseases is still debated.This review first summarizes the recent advancements in understanding the physicochemical properties,physiological functions,cellular origins,and downstream signaling pathways of different members and corresponding receptors of the interleukin-17 family.Subsequently,the function of interleukin-17 in various immune diseases is discussed,and the important role of interleukin-17 in the pathological process of immune diseases is demonstrated from multiple perspectives.Then,the current status of targeted interleukin-17 therapy is summarized,and the effectiveness and safety of targeted interleukin-17 therapy are analyzed.Finally,the clinical application prospects of targeting the interleukin-17 pathway are discussed.
基金Project supported by the Pilot Project of Knowledge Innovadon Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX32SW2424).
文摘Land surface temperature （LST）, which is heavily influenced by urban surface structures, is a significant parameter in urban environmental analysis. This study examined the effect impervious surfaces （IS） spatial patterns have on LST in Beijing, China. A classification and regression tree model （CART） was adopted to estimate IS as a continuous variable using Landsat images from two seasons combined with QuickBird. LST was retrieved from the Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） image to examine the relationships between IS and LST. The results revealed that CART was capable of consistently predicting LST with acceptable accuracy （correlation coefficient of 0.94 and the average error of 8.59%）. Spatial patterns of IS exhibited changing gradients across the various urban-rural transects, with LST values showing a concentric shape that increased as you moved from the outskirts towards the downtown areas. Transect analysis also indicated that the changes in both IS and LST patterns were similar at various resolution levels, which suggests a distinct linear relationship between them. Results of correlation analysis further showed that IS tended to be positively correlated with LST, and that the correlation coefficients increased from 0.807 to 0.925 with increases in IS pixel size. The findings identified in this study provide a theoretical basis for improving urban planning efforts to lessen urban temperatures and thus dampen urban heat island effects.
基金Project supported by Faculty of Technology,Department of Electrical Engineering,University of Batna,Algeria
文摘This study presents analysis, control and comparison of three hybrid approaches for the direct torque control (DTC) of the dual star induction motor (DSIM) drive. Its objective consists of combining three different heuristic optimization techniques including PID-PSO, Fuzzy-PSO and GA-PSO to improve the DSIM speed controlled loop behavior. The GA and PSO algorithms are developed and implemented into MATLAB. As a result, fuzzy-PSO is the most appropriate scheme. The main performance of fuzzy-PSO is reducing high torque ripples, improving rise time and avoiding disturbances that affect the drive performance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81360595 and No.81860790Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Program,No.KJT13066+2 种基金the Bagui Scholars Foundation Program of Guangxithe Special-term Experts Foundation Program of Guangxithe Project of Guangxi Young Teacher Fundamental Ability Promotion,No.2017KY0298
文摘BACKGROUND Studies show that the antifibrotic mechanism of taurine may involve its inhibition of the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells(HSCs). Since the molecular mechanism of taurine-mediated antifibrotic activity has not been fully unveiled and is little studied, it is imperative to use "omics" methods to systematically investigate the molecular mechanism by which taurine inhibits liver fibrosis.AIM To establish a network including transcriptomic and protein-protein interaction data to elucidate the molecular mechanism of taurine-induced HSC apoptosis.METHODS We used microarrays, bioinformatics, protein-protein interaction(PPI) network,and sub-modules to investigate taurine-induced changes in gene expression in human HSCs(LX-2). Subsequently, all of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were subjected to gene ontology function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Furthermore, the interactions of DEGs were explored in a human PPI network, and sub-modules of the DEGs interaction network were analyzed using Cytoscape software.RESULTS A total of 635 DEGs were identified in taurine-treated HSCs when compared with the controls. Of these, 304 genes were statistically significantly up-regulated, and 331 down-regulated. Most of these DEGs were mainly located on the membrane and extracellular region, and are involved in the biological processes of signal transduction, cell proliferation, positive regulation of extracellular regulated protein kinases 1(ERK1) and ERK2 cascade, extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway and so on. Fifteen significantly enriched pathways with DEGs were identified, including mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor signaling pathway,estrogen signaling pathway, Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation, cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway and so on. By integrating the transcriptomics and human PPI data, nine critical genes, including MMP2, MMP9, MMP21,TIMP3, KLF10, CX3CR1, TGFB1, VEGFB, and EGF, were identified in the PPI network analysis.CONCLUSION Taurine promotes the apoptosis of HSCs via up-regulating TGFB1 and then activating the p38 MAPK-JNK-Caspase9/8/3 pathway. These findings enhance the understanding of the molecular mechanism of taurine-induced HSC apoptosis and provide references for liver disorder therapy.
基金Project(2006BAB02B04-4-1)supported by the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 11th Five-Year Plan Period,China
文摘A novel treatment process of lead anode slime bearing high antimony and low silver was developed by a potential-controlled chloridization leaching and continuous distillation.The experimental results show a high Sb 3+ concentration,489.2 g/L,in the leaching solution for two-stage countercurrent leaching process,and the leaching rates of Sb,Cu,Bi more than 99% when the potential is controlled at 450 mV.When the leaching solution is distillated and concentrated at 120°C,almost all the silicon compound is evaporated into the concentration distillate and exists as amorphous hydrated silica.By the continuous distillation,high pure SbCl3 could be prepared,and AsCl3 is enriched in the distillate while metals Bi,Cu are enriched in the continuous distillation residue.As a result,the recovery rate of Sb is more than 95%.
基金supported by grants from the Jiangsu Birth Defects Intervention Program(No.JS200302)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2008501)
文摘We sought to determine risk factors associated with fetal macrosomia and to explore the long-term consequence of infant macrosomia at the age of 7 years.A prospective population based cohort study was designed to examine the associations between maternal and perinatal characteristics and the risk of macrosomia.A nested case-control study was conducted to explore the long-term health consequence of infant macrosomia.The mean maternal age of the macrosomia group was 24.74±3.32 years,which is slightly older than that in the control group（24.35±3.14 years,P = 0.000）.The mean maternal body mass index（BMI） at early pregnancy was 22.75±2.81 kg/m 2,which was also higher than that in the control group（21.76±2.59 kg/m 2,P = 0.000）.About 64.6% of macrosomic neonates were males,compared with 51.0% in the control group（P = 0.000）.Compared with women with normal weight（BMI：18.5-23.9 kg/m 2）,women who were overweight（BMI：24-27.9 kg/m 2） or obese（BMI ≥ 28 kg/m 2）,respectively,had a 1.69-fold（P = 0.000） and a 1.49-fold（P = 0.000） increased risks of having a neonate with macrosomia,while light weight（BMI〈18.5 kg/m 2） women had an approximately 50% reduction of the risk.Furthermore,macrosomia infant had a 1.52-fold and 1.50-fold risk,respectively,of developing overweight or obesity at the age of 7 years（P = 0.001 and P = 0.000）.Older maternal age,higher maternal BMI at early pregnancy and male gender were independent risk factors of macrosomia.Macrosomic infant was associated with an increased predisposition to develop overweight or obesity at the beginning of their childhood.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Pro-gram of China (Nos. 2009CB219401, 2007CB41170405)the CAS Key Innovation Program (No. KZCX3-SW-234-1)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40876026, 40576027)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS (No. LYQY200704)the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, CAS
文摘Affected by thermal perturbation due to mantle uprising, the rheological structure of the lithosphere could be modified, which could lead to different rifting patterns from shelf to slope in a passive continental margin. From the observed deformation style on the northern South China Sea and analogue modeling experiments, we find that the rift zone located on the shelf is characterized by half grabens or simple grabens controlled mainly by long faults with large vertical offset, supposed to be formed with normal lithosphere extension. On the slope, where the lithosphere is very hot due to mantle upweUing and heating, composite grabens composed of symmetric grabens developed. The boundary and inner faults are all short with small vertical offset. Between the zones with very hot and normal lithosphere, composite half grabens composed of half grabens or asymmetric grabens formed, whose boundary faults are long with large vertical offset, while the inner faults are relatively short. Along with the thickness decrease of the brittle upper crust due to high temperature, the deformation becomes more sensitive to the shape of a pre-existing weakness zone and shows orientation variation along strike. When there was a bend in the pre-existing weakness zone, and the basal plate was pulled by a clockwise rotating stress, the strongest deformation always occurs along the middle segment and at the transition area from the middle to the eastern segments, which contributes to a hotter lithosphere in the middle segment, where the Baiyun （白云） sag formed.
基金financial support by "the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"
文摘We tested 288 pieces of the polished cabochon jadeite-jade with high quality green and smooth surfaces using the colorimeter Color i5 based on the CIE 1976 L＊a＊b＊ uniform color space. The color changes after alternating three CIE standard light sources D65, A and CWF were compared, and the degree of metamerism was evaluated. The results show that the CIE standard light sources D65, A and CWF increase the chroma of green and turn bluish green into vivid green, which are similar or to nearly colorless and transparent glass-like samples with fine textures. When the three light sources were individually alternated, the lightness of the jadeite-jades showed little change, but the tone changed significantly. Metamerism occurred only in 3 pairs among the 16 samples that were selected by cluster analysis for quality, and the metamerism colors were highly consistent of L＊D65∈（43.47, 46.75）, C＊D65∈（65.20, 68.80） and ho＊D65∈（138.10, 140.23）. We can conclude that the jadeite-jade green gradually turns to blue when the color temperature of the light source increases. But when considering both the light sources and the samples, D65 is more suitable to be the light source of jadeite-jade green when compared with the light sources CWF and A. Compared with the CIE standard green and high chroma green, high-quality jadeite-jade green has a slight yellow tone, low lightness and high chroma. The special metamerism index decreased to 1 when the light source alternated among D65, A and CWF. Therefore, the color of jadeite-jade green might be slightly influenced by alternating of the light sources.
文摘BACKGROUND Micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma include micronodular thymoma with lymphoid stroma(MNT)and micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia(MNC),whose micromorphological features are lymphoid stromal hyperplasia and nodular arrangement of tumor epithelial cells.This type of tumor is rare;therefore,the corresponding clinical guidelines,histopathological diagnostic criteria,prognostic factors,and therapeutic regimens have not been established.CASE SUMMARY This study covers a novel presentation of MNC in a patient and summarizes the clinicopathological characteristics of this type of tumor by using pooled-analysis methods.Morphologically,this tumor type is a series of benign to malignant pedigrees.We establish the following criteria for the classification of micronodular thymic tumors with lymphoid stroma:(1)Tumor cells with moderate-to-severe dysplasia;(2)Tumor cell mitotic figures>2/10 high-power fields;(3)Appearance of neoplastic necrosis;(4)No terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-positive immature T lymphocytes within the tumor;(5)Tumor cells with a Ki-67 index≥10%;and(6)Tumor cells express CD5.Cases that fall into the borders of two categories in terms of morphology are attributed to atypical MNT.It is proposed that the diagnosis of MNT should be established on the diagnostic criteria mentioned above.CONCLUSION Our diagnostic algorithm can effectively distinguish malignant tumors from benign tumors and provides a potent basis for predicting a prognosis,which offers a practical reference for oncologists and pathologists.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41202008,41202009,41172022)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No.2011JQ5012)+1 种基金the Special Fund for Basic Scientific Research of Central Colleges,Chang'an University(Nos. 2014G1271061,CHD2011JC122,CHD2011TD005, 20I4G3272013,2013G3274021 and 2013G1271101)the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Paleobiology and Stratigraphy,Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.123112)
文摘The extant genus Paliurus Miller is divided into P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups and is diagnostically characterized by distinctive orbicular-winged fruits with a trilocular （or often bilocular） ovary and basally triveined leaves with a subentire to serrate margin. Here, structurally preserved winged fruits and associated compressed leaves of Paliurus （Paliureae, Rhamnaceae） are reported from the Middle-Upper Miocene Shengxian Formation of Tiantai, Zhejiang, eastern China. The fruits can be identified as Paliurus microcarpa Xiang-Chuan Lisp. nov., the diagnostic characters of external morphology and anatomy of which differ from those of both extant and fossil generic members; the leaves can be designated as Paliurus sp. The species based on winged fruits, P. microcarpa, might represent an ancient intermediate link exclusively known across the P. ramosissimus and P. spina-christi groups, showing a closer affinity to the P. ramosissimus group based on the resemblant smaller fruits with a narrower wing, and to the P. spina-christi group based on the similar wing structure and texture, respectively. Morphological analyses of the present and previous fossil fruit records around the world indicate that diversification of Paliurus had begun in northern transpacific regions by the Late Eocene. The macrofossil records, i.e., fruits and leaves of Paliurus globally when projected on paleoenvironmental maps in view of changing continental positions through time （from Eocene to Miocene） display that the past distribution of the genus was much wider than the present and belongs to a tropical and warm temperate realm of the Northern Hemisphere. Therefore, the modern restricted disjunction in tropical and warm temperate regions of East Asia and South Europe （even eastwards West Asia） might represent glacial refugia for some of the generic ancient lineages to survive severe cold at least since the terminal Pliocene.
文摘The constitutive promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus 35S （CaMV 35S） is a polar unidirectional promoter and is widely used in plant genetic engineering. In the present study, the unidirectional CaMV 35S promoter has been modified to a bi-directional promoter by fusing its minimal promoter element to the 5＇ end of CaMV 35S promoter in the opposite orientation. To qualitatively and quantitatively estimate its bi-directional transcriptional function and activity, two visible reporter genes, gusA （13-glucuronidase, GUS） and gfp （green fluorescent protein, GFP）, were fused to the two ends of the promoter in bi-orientations ending with NOS terminator sequences, respectively. Stable expression of gusA and gfp genes in transgenic tobacco （Nicotiana tabacum L.） was visulized by histochemically staining for GUS and fluorescence microscopic observation under UV for GFP in transgenic plants. The expression of two reporter genes showed that the constructed bi-directional promoter did have the bi-directional transcriptional function in both expected orientations. The quantitative estimation of GUS and GFP were determined on a HITACHI F1000 Fluorescence Spectrophotometer with various wavelengths of excitation and emission. The GUS activity varied from g to 250 pmol 4-MU/min/mg protein and the GFP content varied from 0.9 to 1.8 μg/ mg protein in various lines of transgenic tobacco plants. Higher GUS activity generally coupled with lower GFP content, and vice versa.
文摘Exposure to lead（Pb） may affect adversely human health. Mapping soil Pb contents is essential to obtain a quantitative estimate of potential risk of Pb contamination. The main aim of this paper was to determine the soil Pb concentrations in the urban and peri-urban area of Cosenza-Rende to map their spatial distribution and assess the probability that soil Pb concentration exceeds a critical threshold that might cause concern for human health.Samples were collected at 149 locations from residual and non-residual topsoil in gardens,parks, flower-beds, and agricultural fields. Fine earth fraction of soil samples was analyzed by X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry. Stochastic images generated by the sequential Gaussian simulation were jointly combined to calculate the probability of exceeding the critical threshold that could be used to delineate the potentially risky areas. Results showed areas in which Pb concentration values were higher to the Italian regulatory values. These polluted areas were quite large and likely, they could create a significant health risk for human beings and vegetation in the near future. The results demonstrated that the proposed approach can be used to study soil contamination to produce geochemical maps,and identify hot-spot areas for soil Pb concentration.
