Fuel station drive-offs,wherein the drivers simply drive off without paying,are a major issue in the UK(United Kingdom)due to rising fuel costs and financial hardships.The phenomenon has increased greatly over the las...Fuel station drive-offs,wherein the drivers simply drive off without paying,are a major issue in the UK(United Kingdom)due to rising fuel costs and financial hardships.The phenomenon has increased greatly over the last few years,with reports indicating a substantial increase in such events in the major cities.Traditional prevention measures such as Avutec and Driveoffalert rely primarily on expensive infrastructure and blacklisted databases.Such systems typically involve costly camera installation andmaintenance and are consequently out of the budget of small fuel stations.These conventional approaches also fall short regarding real-time recognition,particularly regarding first-time impostors using fictitious plates,which represent an increasingly significant proportion of such forgery.This research presents an AI(Artificial Intelligence)-driven detection system using the MOT(Ministry of Transport)History API(Application Programming Interface)to scan in real-time at gas stations to recognize and prevent such fraud.The system integrates various state-of-the-art technologies to offer a foolproof system.Using the latestYOLO(YouOnly Look Once)model to recognize number plates and EasyOCR(Optical Character Recognition)to recognize characters,the system correctly reads license plates in various environmental conditions like lighting,viewpoint,and weather conditions.This approach minimizes the utilization of expensive camera systems and employs cheaper ANPR(AutomaticNumber Plate Recognition)gear,availing existing installed surveillance cameras on filling stations.The system operates with a basic web-based application to notify operators of stolen vehicles in real-time,enabling them to react immediately.Real-world testing achieves 84%success with CCTV(Closed-Circuit Television)images,depicting its real-world applicability.The results indicate that the AI-driven solution offers a monumental leap compared to current practices,giving fuel stations a cost-effective and efficient means of reducing financial loss from drive-off incidents.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of this study is to serve as a comprehensive review of the existing annotated corpora.This review study aims to provide information on the existing annotated corpora for event extraction,which are ...Purpose:The purpose of this study is to serve as a comprehensive review of the existing annotated corpora.This review study aims to provide information on the existing annotated corpora for event extraction,which are limited but essential for training and improving the existing event extraction algorithms.In addition to the primary goal of this study,it provides guidelines for preparing an annotated corpus and suggests suitable tools for the annotation task.Design/methodology/approach:This study employs an analytical approach to examine available corpus that is suitable for event extraction tasks.It offers an in-depth analysis of existing event extraction corpora and provides systematic guidelines for researchers to develop accurate,high-quality corpora.This ensures the reliability of the created corpus and its suitability for training machine learning algorithms.Findings:Our exploration reveals a scarcity of annotated corpora for event extraction tasks.In particular,the English corpora are mainly focused on the biomedical and general domains.Despite the issue of annotated corpora scarcity,there are several high-quality corpora available and widely used as benchmark datasets.However,access to some of these corpora might be limited owing to closed-access policies or discontinued maintenance after being initially released,rendering them inaccessible owing to broken links.Therefore,this study documents the available corpora for event extraction tasks.Research limitations:Our study focuses only on well-known corpora available in English and Chinese.Nevertheless,this study places a strong emphasis on the English corpora due to its status as a global lingua franca,making it widely understood compared to other languages.Practical implications:We genuinely believe that this study provides valuable knowledge that can serve as a guiding framework for preparing and accurately annotating events from text corpora.It provides comprehensive guidelines for researchers to improve the quality of corpus annotations,especially for event extraction tasks across various domains.Originality/value:This study comprehensively compiled information on the existing annotated corpora for event extraction tasks and provided preparation guidelines.展开更多
Owing to uncontrolled and uneven electrodeposition and side reactions,Zn metal anodes inevitably suffer from issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reactions,and surface passivation.This paper proposes an e...Owing to uncontrolled and uneven electrodeposition and side reactions,Zn metal anodes inevitably suffer from issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reactions,and surface passivation.This paper proposes an efficient strategy to address these critical issues for realizing long-life and high-capacity aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)by incorporating low-concentration(0.05 mol·L^(-1))redox RbI electrolyte additives.Specifically,rubidium cations have the ability to influence the negative Zn electrode surface via an electrostatic shielding mechanism,effectively protecting the electrode and minimizing undesired side reactions.In an aqueous solution,iodide anions actively solvate Zn^(2+)ions by stabilizing and modulating the solvation shell surrounding Zn^(2+).Moreover,the presence of iodide ions promotes the uniform deposition of Zn^(2+)species by selective adsorption onto the electrode surface.The synergistic effect of the electrostatic shielding and halogen ions enables the realization of aqueous symmetric Zn||Zn cells with a substantial cycle life of more than 2000 h Additionally,when applied to commercial activated carbon(AC),the proposed strategy facilitates the development of aqueous ZHSCs,exhibiting high specific capacitances(148.8 F·g^(-1)at 4 A·g^(-1))and ultra-long cycling stability.展开更多
Techniques in deep learning have significantly boosted the accuracy and productivity of computer vision segmentation tasks.This article offers an intriguing architecture for semantic,instance,and panoptic segmentation...Techniques in deep learning have significantly boosted the accuracy and productivity of computer vision segmentation tasks.This article offers an intriguing architecture for semantic,instance,and panoptic segmentation using EfficientNet-B7 and Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Networks(Bi-FPN).When implemented in place of the EfficientNet-B5 backbone,EfficientNet-B7 strengthens the model’s feature extraction capabilities and is far more appropriate for real-world applications.By ensuring superior multi-scale feature fusion,Bi-FPN integration enhances the segmentation of complex objects across various urban environments.The design suggested is examined on rigorous datasets,encompassing Cityscapes,Common Objects in Context,KITTI Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute,and Indian Driving Dataset,which replicate numerous real-world driving conditions.During extensive training,validation,and testing,the model showcases major gains in segmentation accuracy and surpasses state-of-the-art performance in semantic,instance,and panoptic segmentation tasks.Outperforming present methods,the recommended approach generates noteworthy gains in Panoptic Quality:+0.4%on Cityscapes,+0.2%on COCO,+1.7%on KITTI,and+0.4%on IDD.These changes show just how efficient it is in various driving circumstances and datasets.This study emphasizes the potential of EfficientNet-B7 and Bi-FPN to provide dependable,high-precision segmentation in computer vision applications,primarily autonomous driving.The research results suggest that this framework efficiently tackles the constraints of practical situations while delivering a robust solution for high-performance tasks involving segmentation.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries face serious safety challenges caused by flammable organic electrolytes and the growth of lithium dendrite.Trimethyl phosphate(TMP)is a promising alternative for flammable carbonate electrolyte...Lithium metal batteries face serious safety challenges caused by flammable organic electrolytes and the growth of lithium dendrite.Trimethyl phosphate(TMP)is a promising alternative for flammable carbonate electrolyte solvents owing to its nonflammable nature.But the low-concentration TMP-based electrolyte is unstable with the lithium metal anode.Here,a TMP-contained quasisolid electrolyte(PIQSE)with porous polyimide(PI)as supporting skeleton is designed.The cross-linking structure generated by UV curing in PIQSE can lock the reactive TMP solvent to reduce its contact with Li metal.Besides,the PI supporting skeleton with high-temperature resistance can significantly enhance the thermal stability of PIQSE.The combination of PI and TMP prompts the high ionic conductivity and excellent nonflammability of PIQSE.The LiFePO_(4)/Li cell using PIQSE shows superior electrochemical performance in a wide temperature range from-10 to 60°C.Furthermore,the cells with highvoltage cathode of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)were matched with PIQSE exhibit good cyclic and rate performance.The NCM622/PIQSE/Li pouch cell was also fabricated.It exhibits a high discharge capacity of 182.9mAh.g^(-1),and can stably light up LEDs after folding and shearing tests,demonstrating broad prospects for highly safe energy storage applications.展开更多
Approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation for Tietz-Hua （TH） potential including Coulomb-like tensor （CLT） potential with arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number K are obtained within the Pekeris approxim...Approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation for Tietz-Hua （TH） potential including Coulomb-like tensor （CLT） potential with arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number K are obtained within the Pekeris approximation scheme to deal with the spin-orbit coupling terms K（K± 1）r^-2. Under the exact spin and pseudospin symmetric limitation, bound state energy eigenvalues and associated unnormalized two-component wave functions of the Dirac particle in the field of both attractive and repulsive TH potential with tensor potential are found using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov （NU） method. The cases of the Morse oscillator with tensor potential, the generalized Morse oscillator with tensor potential, and the non-relativistic limits have been investigated.展开更多
Trend analysis of atmospheric aerosols enhances confidence in the evaluation of both direct and indirect effects of aerosols on regional climate change. To comprehensively achieve this over East Africa, it’s importan...Trend analysis of atmospheric aerosols enhances confidence in the evaluation of both direct and indirect effects of aerosols on regional climate change. To comprehensively achieve this over East Africa, it’s important to understand aerosols temporal characteristics over well selected sites namely Nairobi (1°S, 36°E), Mbita (0°S, 34°E), Mau Forest (0.0°S - 0.6°S;35.1°E - 35.7°E), Malindi (2°S, 40°E), Mount Kilimanjaro (3°S, 37°E) and Kampala (0°N, 32.1°E). In this context, trend analysis (annual (in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm and Ångström Exponent Anomaly (ÅEA) at 470 - 660 nm) and seasonal (AOD)) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were performed following the weighted least squares (WLS) fitting method for the period 2000 to 2013. The MODIS AOD annual trends were ground-truthed by AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data. Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) was utilized to derive rainfall rates (RR) in order to assess its influence on the observed aerosol temporal characteristics. The derived annual AOD trends utilizing MODIS and AERONET data were consistent with each other. However, monthly AOD and RR were found to be negatively correlated over Nairobi, Mbita, Mau forest complex and Malindi. There was no clear relationship between the two trends over Kampala and Mount Kilimanjaro, which may imply the role of aerosols in cloud modulation and hence RR received. Seasonality is evident between AOD and ÅEA annual trends as these quantities were observed to be modulated by RR. AOD was observed to decrease over East Africa except Nairobi during the study period as a result of RR during the study period. Unlike the other study sites, Nairobi shows positive trends in AOD that may be attributed to increasing populace and fossil fuel, vehicular-industrial emission and biomass and refuse burning during the study period. Negative trends over the rest of the study sites were associated to rain washout. The AOD and ÅEA derived annual trends were found to meet the statistical significance of 95% confidence level over each study site.展开更多
For several years now, electric vehicles (EVs) have been expected to become widely available in the micro-mobility field. However, the insufficiency of such vehicles’ battery-charging and discharging performance has ...For several years now, electric vehicles (EVs) have been expected to become widely available in the micro-mobility field. However, the insufficiency of such vehicles’ battery-charging and discharging performance has limited their practical use. A hybrid energy storage system, which comprises a capacitor and battery, is a promising solution to this problem;however, to apply model-based designs, which are indispensable to embedded systems, such as the electronic control units used in EVs, a simple and accurate capacitor model is required. Within this framework, a lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) model is proposed, and its charging and discharging performances are evaluated against an actual LIC. The model corresponds accurately to the actual LIC, and the results indicate that the proposed LIC model will work well when used with Model-Based Design (MBD).展开更多
Neural network analysis based on Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map (GHSOM) is used to examine Spatial-Temporal characteristics in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Ångström Exponent (ÅE)...Neural network analysis based on Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map (GHSOM) is used to examine Spatial-Temporal characteristics in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Ångström Exponent (ÅE) and Precipitation Rate (PR) over selected East African sites from 2000 to 2014. The selected sites of study are Nairobi (1°S, 36°E), Mbita (0°S, 34°E), Mau Forest (0.0° - 0.6°S;35.1°E - 35.7°E), Malindi (2°S, 40°E), Mount Kilimanjaro (3°S, 37°E) and Kampala (0°N, 32.1°E). GHSOM analysis reveals a marked spatial variability in AOD and ÅE that is associated to changing PR, urban heat islands, diffusion, direct emission, hygroscopic growth and their scavenging from the atmosphere specific to each site. Furthermore, spatial variability in AOD, ÅE and PR is distinct since each variable corresponds to a unique level of classification. On the other hand, GHSOM algorithm efficiently discriminated by means of clustering between AOD, ÅE and PR during Long and Short rain spells and dry spell over each variable emphasizing their temporal evolution. The utilization of GHSOM therefore confirms the fact that regional aerosol characteristics are highly variable be it spatially or temporally and as well modulated by PR received over each variable.展开更多
In order to provide technical supports for designing a new type of spiral plate forming machine, FEM analysis and simulation were carried out based on pressing tests. Deformation, stress distribution, residual stress ...In order to provide technical supports for designing a new type of spiral plate forming machine, FEM analysis and simulation were carried out based on pressing tests. Deformation, stress distribution, residual stress and spring back of the spiral plate were calculated. Relationships between the spiral pitch to inclination angle of the punch and die, material properties and thickness of the plate were analyzed. A data converter was developed and effectively used in the analysis. The results of FEM analysis and simulation have been applied to design the spiral plate forming machines.展开更多
Many small-size precise plastic helical involutes gears are used in electrical appliances to transmit rotary movements con- tinuously and smoothly. Ball-end milling is an effective method for trial manufacture or smal...Many small-size precise plastic helical involutes gears are used in electrical appliances to transmit rotary movements con- tinuously and smoothly. Ball-end milling is an effective method for trial manufacture or small batch production of this type of gear, but the precision of the gear is usually low. In this research, the main sources of the errors of the gear, machining errors of the tooth profile and trace of the gear obtained were analyzed. The correction amounts for these errors are then determined by using a CNC gear tester. They are used to generate a new 3D-CAD model for gear machining with better nrecision.展开更多
Dust aerosols play a critical role in atmospheric processes,influencing air quality,climate,and weather patterns through their interactions with radiation and cloud formation.This study aimed at characterizing the spa...Dust aerosols play a critical role in atmospheric processes,influencing air quality,climate,and weather patterns through their interactions with radiation and cloud formation.This study aimed at characterizing the spatiotemporal distribution of dust and quantifying its radiative forcing over Kenya using a combination of satellite observations and model-based measurements.Multi-year datasets from MERRA-2 and MODIS were utilized to analyze dust loading and spatial variability.Additionally,radiative forcing(RF)derived from MERRA-2 and satellite observations was estimated to assess dust-induced changes in surface of-atmosphere(BOA),top-of-atmosphere(TOA)and within atmosphere(ATM).The findings on spatiotemporal variability of dust over Kenya,highlight high concentrations in northern regions during dry months and reductions during wet seasons(MAM and OND).While on particle size distribution,the analysis shows coarse-mode dominance in dry periods,depicting dominance of dust.On the other hand,dust mass concentrations peak in the northwest part of the study domain.Further,RF analysis indicates dust induces BOA and TOA cooling but atmospheric heating,with peak heating in June to July,local dry months.This study therefore recommends an enhanced integrated dust monitoring and modeling system,especially during dry seasons,to capture Dust AOD,size,and mass concentration.Further,targeted mitigation measures like afforestation,land-use planning and early warning systems should be prioritized to reduce dust emissions,improve climate model accuracy,and protect public health in vulnerable regions.展开更多
The deforestation has profound implications on aerosol properties and climaticvariables.Deforestation disrupts local climate by altering temperature,aerosol optical properties and impacting air quality and modifies pr...The deforestation has profound implications on aerosol properties and climaticvariables.Deforestation disrupts local climate by altering temperature,aerosol optical properties and impacting air quality and modifies precipitationpatterns;and degrades vegetation health.However,the long-term impacts ofdeforestation on aerosol optical properties and climate variables over Mau remainnot very well investigated,especially considering the context of alteredanthropogenic and natural emission sources.This study bridges this gapthrough a comprehensive assessment of deforestation impacts on aerosol opticalproperties and climate variables over Mau Forest complex bounded by(0.2S,35.2E)and(0.8S,35.8E)using multisensory data from 2001-2024.Thefindings by the present study reveal predominantly negative trends of NDVI,recorded by season JF,JJAS and OND of value-6.63032E-4±0.00137,-1.356E-4±0.00101 and-1.31586E-4±7.59717E-4,respectively,indicatinga decrease in vegetation health and density over the year often linked to rainfallpatterns.Decline in NDVI is influenced by deforestation,which furtherexacerbates the impacts of natural reduction in vegetation cover.Conversely,during the season of MAM,the trend of NDVI is generally weak positive trendof value 4.70595E-4±0.00193 year^(-1) indicating an increase in vegetationhealth and density.Furthermore,the spatial trends over domain region ischaracterized by Aerosol optical depth(<0.2)and high value of Angstrom exponent(>1)and moderate value>0.7,is attributed by 1)deforestation for exampleanthropogenic activities and human activities hence released significantamounts of aerosols particles into the atmosphere 2)climate change occasionedby meteorological parameters such as temperature inversions accompaniedby reduced precipitation which are favorable conditions for increasedaerosol emissions leading to the enhanced AOD.Correlation between NDVI and AOD is negative,attributed to increase in deforestation rate that resultsin reduced NDVI values.The statistically significant impacts of deforestationon aerosols optical properties and NDVI prove the modulating role of aerosoloptical properties in regional climate processes.Policymakers must prioritizeemission control actions targeted at biomass burning and scientists must keepinvestigating high-resolution aerosol optical properties,climate interactionsusing integrated ground and satellite observations to advance climate impactassessment over Mau Forest complex in Kenya.展开更多
This study proposes a novel and sustainable method for fabricating 3D-printed carbon-based electrodes for electrochemical wastewater treatment.We prepared B,N-doped carbon electrodes with hierarchical porosity and a s...This study proposes a novel and sustainable method for fabricating 3D-printed carbon-based electrodes for electrochemical wastewater treatment.We prepared B,N-doped carbon electrodes with hierarchical porosity and a significantly enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio(up to 180%)compared to non-optimized analogues using a synergistic combination of 3D printing,phase inversion,and microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.This process allows the metal-free growth of vertically aligned carbon nanostructures directly onto polymer-derived substrates,resulting in a 20-fold increase in the electrochemically active surface area.Computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to improve mass transport and reduce pressure drop.Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the optimized electrodes performed significantly better,achieving 4.7-,4-,and 6.5-fold increases in the degradation rates of atenolol,metoprolol,and propranolol,respectively,during electrochemical oxidation.These results highlight the efficacy of the integrated fabrication and simulation approach in producing high-performance electrodes for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.展开更多
The Hellmann potential, which is a superposition of an attractive Coulomb potential -air and a Yutmwa potential b e-δr /r , is often used to compute bound-state normalizations and energy levels of neutral atoms. By u...The Hellmann potential, which is a superposition of an attractive Coulomb potential -air and a Yutmwa potential b e-δr /r , is often used to compute bound-state normalizations and energy levels of neutral atoms. By using the generalized parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov （NU） method, we have obtained the approximate analytical solutions of the radial Schr6dinger equation （SE） for the Hellmann potential. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions are calculated in closed forms. Some numerical results are presented, which show good agreement with a numerical amplitude phase method and also those previously obtained by other methods. As a particular case, we find the energy levels of the pure Coulomb potential.展开更多
Using the Pekeris approximation,the Schrödinger equation is solved for the nuclear deformed Woods-Saxon potential within the framework of the asymptotic iteration method.The energy levels are worked out and the c...Using the Pekeris approximation,the Schrödinger equation is solved for the nuclear deformed Woods-Saxon potential within the framework of the asymptotic iteration method.The energy levels are worked out and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of hypergeometric function.展开更多
In order to establish the design methodology of a small axial fan, the axial fan with impeller diameter of 36 mm was designed, manufactured and tested. Especially, in order to investigate the influence of difference i...In order to establish the design methodology of a small axial fan, the axial fan with impeller diameter of 36 mm was designed, manufactured and tested. Especially, in order to investigate the influence of difference in blade cord length and blade thickness on performance characteristics, the performance characteristics obtained by the designed axial fans with difference blade shapes were examined. Also, by using CFD, the same flow field as the experiment was visualized. It was found that the lift of the blade was increased and the performance was improved in high flow rate region by thinning of the blade thickness and by extending the blade chord length.展开更多
Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurological degenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SN)and intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy tangles,composed mainly...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurological degenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SN)and intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy tangles,composed mainly by aggregates of α-synuclein.Braak et al.(2003)proposed that the olfactory epithelium and intestines are the anatomical sites where PD initiates;as pathological aggregates ofα-synuclein are detected in these tissues in very early or prodromal PD.In this scenario,α-synuclein seems to reach the central nervous system(CNS)by axonal transport through the sympathetic nervous system,the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves as well as the olfactory pathways(Braak et al.,2003).展开更多
Numerical simulations have been carried out for a supersonic three-dimensional rectangular arc nozzle, where a secondary flow toward the center of the curvature occurs due to the shape of the nozzle. It is known that ...Numerical simulations have been carried out for a supersonic three-dimensional rectangular arc nozzle, where a secondary flow toward the center of the curvature occurs due to the shape of the nozzle. It is known that secondary flow causes longitudinal vortices to form near the wall of the nozzle corner, making the nozzle outlet flow unstable and induces loss of transport energy. When the working fluid is a condensable gas with relatively large latent heat such as moist air or steam, rapid accelerated expansion in the nozzle causes non-equilibrium condensation due to supersaturation. After the release of latent heat during phase transition, nozzle flow continues expanding at an equilibrium saturation condition. In the absence of foreign particles, e.g. ions or dust particles, condensation nuclei are formed in the gas itself causing non-equilibrium homogeneous condensation. Supersonic nozzle flow properties vary considerably due to the occurrence of condensation phenomenon. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of non-equilibrium homogeneous condensation on the longitudinal vortices which form in the range close to the corner of rectangular arc nozzle numerically.展开更多
Approximate analytical bound-state solutions of the Dirac particle in the fields of attractive and repulsive Rosen–Morse （RM） potentials including the Coulomb-like tensor （CLT） potential are obtained for arbitrar...Approximate analytical bound-state solutions of the Dirac particle in the fields of attractive and repulsive Rosen–Morse （RM） potentials including the Coulomb-like tensor （CLT） potential are obtained for arbitrary spin–orbit quantum number κ. The Pekeris approximation is used to deal with the spin–orbit coupling terms κ（κ ± 1）r 2 . In the presence of exact spin and pseudospin （p-spin） symmetries, the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding normalized two-component wave functions are found by using the parametric generalization of the Nikiforov–Uvarov （NU） method. The numerical results show that the CLT interaction removes degeneracies between the spin and p-spin state doublets.展开更多
文摘Fuel station drive-offs,wherein the drivers simply drive off without paying,are a major issue in the UK(United Kingdom)due to rising fuel costs and financial hardships.The phenomenon has increased greatly over the last few years,with reports indicating a substantial increase in such events in the major cities.Traditional prevention measures such as Avutec and Driveoffalert rely primarily on expensive infrastructure and blacklisted databases.Such systems typically involve costly camera installation andmaintenance and are consequently out of the budget of small fuel stations.These conventional approaches also fall short regarding real-time recognition,particularly regarding first-time impostors using fictitious plates,which represent an increasingly significant proportion of such forgery.This research presents an AI(Artificial Intelligence)-driven detection system using the MOT(Ministry of Transport)History API(Application Programming Interface)to scan in real-time at gas stations to recognize and prevent such fraud.The system integrates various state-of-the-art technologies to offer a foolproof system.Using the latestYOLO(YouOnly Look Once)model to recognize number plates and EasyOCR(Optical Character Recognition)to recognize characters,the system correctly reads license plates in various environmental conditions like lighting,viewpoint,and weather conditions.This approach minimizes the utilization of expensive camera systems and employs cheaper ANPR(AutomaticNumber Plate Recognition)gear,availing existing installed surveillance cameras on filling stations.The system operates with a basic web-based application to notify operators of stolen vehicles in real-time,enabling them to react immediately.Real-world testing achieves 84%success with CCTV(Closed-Circuit Television)images,depicting its real-world applicability.The results indicate that the AI-driven solution offers a monumental leap compared to current practices,giving fuel stations a cost-effective and efficient means of reducing financial loss from drive-off incidents.
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this study is to serve as a comprehensive review of the existing annotated corpora.This review study aims to provide information on the existing annotated corpora for event extraction,which are limited but essential for training and improving the existing event extraction algorithms.In addition to the primary goal of this study,it provides guidelines for preparing an annotated corpus and suggests suitable tools for the annotation task.Design/methodology/approach:This study employs an analytical approach to examine available corpus that is suitable for event extraction tasks.It offers an in-depth analysis of existing event extraction corpora and provides systematic guidelines for researchers to develop accurate,high-quality corpora.This ensures the reliability of the created corpus and its suitability for training machine learning algorithms.Findings:Our exploration reveals a scarcity of annotated corpora for event extraction tasks.In particular,the English corpora are mainly focused on the biomedical and general domains.Despite the issue of annotated corpora scarcity,there are several high-quality corpora available and widely used as benchmark datasets.However,access to some of these corpora might be limited owing to closed-access policies or discontinued maintenance after being initially released,rendering them inaccessible owing to broken links.Therefore,this study documents the available corpora for event extraction tasks.Research limitations:Our study focuses only on well-known corpora available in English and Chinese.Nevertheless,this study places a strong emphasis on the English corpora due to its status as a global lingua franca,making it widely understood compared to other languages.Practical implications:We genuinely believe that this study provides valuable knowledge that can serve as a guiding framework for preparing and accurately annotating events from text corpora.It provides comprehensive guidelines for researchers to improve the quality of corpus annotations,especially for event extraction tasks across various domains.Originality/value:This study comprehensively compiled information on the existing annotated corpora for event extraction tasks and provided preparation guidelines.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209101)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0710500)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(No.2022GXLH-01-23)for financial support。
文摘Owing to uncontrolled and uneven electrodeposition and side reactions,Zn metal anodes inevitably suffer from issues such as dendrite growth,hydrogen evolution reactions,and surface passivation.This paper proposes an efficient strategy to address these critical issues for realizing long-life and high-capacity aqueous zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors(ZHSCs)by incorporating low-concentration(0.05 mol·L^(-1))redox RbI electrolyte additives.Specifically,rubidium cations have the ability to influence the negative Zn electrode surface via an electrostatic shielding mechanism,effectively protecting the electrode and minimizing undesired side reactions.In an aqueous solution,iodide anions actively solvate Zn^(2+)ions by stabilizing and modulating the solvation shell surrounding Zn^(2+).Moreover,the presence of iodide ions promotes the uniform deposition of Zn^(2+)species by selective adsorption onto the electrode surface.The synergistic effect of the electrostatic shielding and halogen ions enables the realization of aqueous symmetric Zn||Zn cells with a substantial cycle life of more than 2000 h Additionally,when applied to commercial activated carbon(AC),the proposed strategy facilitates the development of aqueous ZHSCs,exhibiting high specific capacitances(148.8 F·g^(-1)at 4 A·g^(-1))and ultra-long cycling stability.
文摘Techniques in deep learning have significantly boosted the accuracy and productivity of computer vision segmentation tasks.This article offers an intriguing architecture for semantic,instance,and panoptic segmentation using EfficientNet-B7 and Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Networks(Bi-FPN).When implemented in place of the EfficientNet-B5 backbone,EfficientNet-B7 strengthens the model’s feature extraction capabilities and is far more appropriate for real-world applications.By ensuring superior multi-scale feature fusion,Bi-FPN integration enhances the segmentation of complex objects across various urban environments.The design suggested is examined on rigorous datasets,encompassing Cityscapes,Common Objects in Context,KITTI Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute,and Indian Driving Dataset,which replicate numerous real-world driving conditions.During extensive training,validation,and testing,the model showcases major gains in segmentation accuracy and surpasses state-of-the-art performance in semantic,instance,and panoptic segmentation tasks.Outperforming present methods,the recommended approach generates noteworthy gains in Panoptic Quality:+0.4%on Cityscapes,+0.2%on COCO,+1.7%on KITTI,and+0.4%on IDD.These changes show just how efficient it is in various driving circumstances and datasets.This study emphasizes the potential of EfficientNet-B7 and Bi-FPN to provide dependable,high-precision segmentation in computer vision applications,primarily autonomous driving.The research results suggest that this framework efficiently tackles the constraints of practical situations while delivering a robust solution for high-performance tasks involving segmentation.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2024JC-YBQN-0582)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education(No.23JK0702)+1 种基金Scientific Research fund of Xijing University(No.XJ23B05)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.xzy012024005)。
文摘Lithium metal batteries face serious safety challenges caused by flammable organic electrolytes and the growth of lithium dendrite.Trimethyl phosphate(TMP)is a promising alternative for flammable carbonate electrolyte solvents owing to its nonflammable nature.But the low-concentration TMP-based electrolyte is unstable with the lithium metal anode.Here,a TMP-contained quasisolid electrolyte(PIQSE)with porous polyimide(PI)as supporting skeleton is designed.The cross-linking structure generated by UV curing in PIQSE can lock the reactive TMP solvent to reduce its contact with Li metal.Besides,the PI supporting skeleton with high-temperature resistance can significantly enhance the thermal stability of PIQSE.The combination of PI and TMP prompts the high ionic conductivity and excellent nonflammability of PIQSE.The LiFePO_(4)/Li cell using PIQSE shows superior electrochemical performance in a wide temperature range from-10 to 60°C.Furthermore,the cells with highvoltage cathode of LiNi_(0.6)Co_(0.2)Mn_(0.2)O_(2)(NCM622)were matched with PIQSE exhibit good cyclic and rate performance.The NCM622/PIQSE/Li pouch cell was also fabricated.It exhibits a high discharge capacity of 182.9mAh.g^(-1),and can stably light up LEDs after folding and shearing tests,demonstrating broad prospects for highly safe energy storage applications.
基金supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)
文摘Approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation for Tietz-Hua （TH） potential including Coulomb-like tensor （CLT） potential with arbitrary spin-orbit quantum number K are obtained within the Pekeris approximation scheme to deal with the spin-orbit coupling terms K（K± 1）r^-2. Under the exact spin and pseudospin symmetric limitation, bound state energy eigenvalues and associated unnormalized two-component wave functions of the Dirac particle in the field of both attractive and repulsive TH potential with tensor potential are found using the parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov （NU） method. The cases of the Morse oscillator with tensor potential, the generalized Morse oscillator with tensor potential, and the non-relativistic limits have been investigated.
文摘Trend analysis of atmospheric aerosols enhances confidence in the evaluation of both direct and indirect effects of aerosols on regional climate change. To comprehensively achieve this over East Africa, it’s important to understand aerosols temporal characteristics over well selected sites namely Nairobi (1°S, 36°E), Mbita (0°S, 34°E), Mau Forest (0.0°S - 0.6°S;35.1°E - 35.7°E), Malindi (2°S, 40°E), Mount Kilimanjaro (3°S, 37°E) and Kampala (0°N, 32.1°E). In this context, trend analysis (annual (in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) at 550 nm and Ångström Exponent Anomaly (ÅEA) at 470 - 660 nm) and seasonal (AOD)) from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were performed following the weighted least squares (WLS) fitting method for the period 2000 to 2013. The MODIS AOD annual trends were ground-truthed by AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) data. Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) was utilized to derive rainfall rates (RR) in order to assess its influence on the observed aerosol temporal characteristics. The derived annual AOD trends utilizing MODIS and AERONET data were consistent with each other. However, monthly AOD and RR were found to be negatively correlated over Nairobi, Mbita, Mau forest complex and Malindi. There was no clear relationship between the two trends over Kampala and Mount Kilimanjaro, which may imply the role of aerosols in cloud modulation and hence RR received. Seasonality is evident between AOD and ÅEA annual trends as these quantities were observed to be modulated by RR. AOD was observed to decrease over East Africa except Nairobi during the study period as a result of RR during the study period. Unlike the other study sites, Nairobi shows positive trends in AOD that may be attributed to increasing populace and fossil fuel, vehicular-industrial emission and biomass and refuse burning during the study period. Negative trends over the rest of the study sites were associated to rain washout. The AOD and ÅEA derived annual trends were found to meet the statistical significance of 95% confidence level over each study site.
文摘For several years now, electric vehicles (EVs) have been expected to become widely available in the micro-mobility field. However, the insufficiency of such vehicles’ battery-charging and discharging performance has limited their practical use. A hybrid energy storage system, which comprises a capacitor and battery, is a promising solution to this problem;however, to apply model-based designs, which are indispensable to embedded systems, such as the electronic control units used in EVs, a simple and accurate capacitor model is required. Within this framework, a lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) model is proposed, and its charging and discharging performances are evaluated against an actual LIC. The model corresponds accurately to the actual LIC, and the results indicate that the proposed LIC model will work well when used with Model-Based Design (MBD).
基金This work was supported by the National Council for Science and Technology Grant funded by the Government of Kenya(NCST/ST&I/RCD/4TH call PhD/201).
文摘Neural network analysis based on Growing Hierarchical Self-Organizing Map (GHSOM) is used to examine Spatial-Temporal characteristics in Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD), Ångström Exponent (ÅE) and Precipitation Rate (PR) over selected East African sites from 2000 to 2014. The selected sites of study are Nairobi (1°S, 36°E), Mbita (0°S, 34°E), Mau Forest (0.0° - 0.6°S;35.1°E - 35.7°E), Malindi (2°S, 40°E), Mount Kilimanjaro (3°S, 37°E) and Kampala (0°N, 32.1°E). GHSOM analysis reveals a marked spatial variability in AOD and ÅE that is associated to changing PR, urban heat islands, diffusion, direct emission, hygroscopic growth and their scavenging from the atmosphere specific to each site. Furthermore, spatial variability in AOD, ÅE and PR is distinct since each variable corresponds to a unique level of classification. On the other hand, GHSOM algorithm efficiently discriminated by means of clustering between AOD, ÅE and PR during Long and Short rain spells and dry spell over each variable emphasizing their temporal evolution. The utilization of GHSOM therefore confirms the fact that regional aerosol characteristics are highly variable be it spatially or temporally and as well modulated by PR received over each variable.
基金Supported by the New-Cooperation Project of Japan Ministry of Economy,Trade and Industry
文摘In order to provide technical supports for designing a new type of spiral plate forming machine, FEM analysis and simulation were carried out based on pressing tests. Deformation, stress distribution, residual stress and spring back of the spiral plate were calculated. Relationships between the spiral pitch to inclination angle of the punch and die, material properties and thickness of the plate were analyzed. A data converter was developed and effectively used in the analysis. The results of FEM analysis and simulation have been applied to design the spiral plate forming machines.
文摘Many small-size precise plastic helical involutes gears are used in electrical appliances to transmit rotary movements con- tinuously and smoothly. Ball-end milling is an effective method for trial manufacture or small batch production of this type of gear, but the precision of the gear is usually low. In this research, the main sources of the errors of the gear, machining errors of the tooth profile and trace of the gear obtained were analyzed. The correction amounts for these errors are then determined by using a CNC gear tester. They are used to generate a new 3D-CAD model for gear machining with better nrecision.
文摘Dust aerosols play a critical role in atmospheric processes,influencing air quality,climate,and weather patterns through their interactions with radiation and cloud formation.This study aimed at characterizing the spatiotemporal distribution of dust and quantifying its radiative forcing over Kenya using a combination of satellite observations and model-based measurements.Multi-year datasets from MERRA-2 and MODIS were utilized to analyze dust loading and spatial variability.Additionally,radiative forcing(RF)derived from MERRA-2 and satellite observations was estimated to assess dust-induced changes in surface of-atmosphere(BOA),top-of-atmosphere(TOA)and within atmosphere(ATM).The findings on spatiotemporal variability of dust over Kenya,highlight high concentrations in northern regions during dry months and reductions during wet seasons(MAM and OND).While on particle size distribution,the analysis shows coarse-mode dominance in dry periods,depicting dominance of dust.On the other hand,dust mass concentrations peak in the northwest part of the study domain.Further,RF analysis indicates dust induces BOA and TOA cooling but atmospheric heating,with peak heating in June to July,local dry months.This study therefore recommends an enhanced integrated dust monitoring and modeling system,especially during dry seasons,to capture Dust AOD,size,and mass concentration.Further,targeted mitigation measures like afforestation,land-use planning and early warning systems should be prioritized to reduce dust emissions,improve climate model accuracy,and protect public health in vulnerable regions.
文摘The deforestation has profound implications on aerosol properties and climaticvariables.Deforestation disrupts local climate by altering temperature,aerosol optical properties and impacting air quality and modifies precipitationpatterns;and degrades vegetation health.However,the long-term impacts ofdeforestation on aerosol optical properties and climate variables over Mau remainnot very well investigated,especially considering the context of alteredanthropogenic and natural emission sources.This study bridges this gapthrough a comprehensive assessment of deforestation impacts on aerosol opticalproperties and climate variables over Mau Forest complex bounded by(0.2S,35.2E)and(0.8S,35.8E)using multisensory data from 2001-2024.Thefindings by the present study reveal predominantly negative trends of NDVI,recorded by season JF,JJAS and OND of value-6.63032E-4±0.00137,-1.356E-4±0.00101 and-1.31586E-4±7.59717E-4,respectively,indicatinga decrease in vegetation health and density over the year often linked to rainfallpatterns.Decline in NDVI is influenced by deforestation,which furtherexacerbates the impacts of natural reduction in vegetation cover.Conversely,during the season of MAM,the trend of NDVI is generally weak positive trendof value 4.70595E-4±0.00193 year^(-1) indicating an increase in vegetationhealth and density.Furthermore,the spatial trends over domain region ischaracterized by Aerosol optical depth(<0.2)and high value of Angstrom exponent(>1)and moderate value>0.7,is attributed by 1)deforestation for exampleanthropogenic activities and human activities hence released significantamounts of aerosols particles into the atmosphere 2)climate change occasionedby meteorological parameters such as temperature inversions accompaniedby reduced precipitation which are favorable conditions for increasedaerosol emissions leading to the enhanced AOD.Correlation between NDVI and AOD is negative,attributed to increase in deforestation rate that resultsin reduced NDVI values.The statistically significant impacts of deforestationon aerosols optical properties and NDVI prove the modulating role of aerosoloptical properties in regional climate processes.Policymakers must prioritizeemission control actions targeted at biomass burning and scientists must keepinvestigating high-resolution aerosol optical properties,climate interactionsusing integrated ground and satellite observations to advance climate impactassessment over Mau Forest complex in Kenya.
基金the National Science Centre,Poland,under the Agreement 2022/45/B/ST8/02847 is acknowledged(M.P.).
文摘This study proposes a novel and sustainable method for fabricating 3D-printed carbon-based electrodes for electrochemical wastewater treatment.We prepared B,N-doped carbon electrodes with hierarchical porosity and a significantly enhanced surface area-to-volume ratio(up to 180%)compared to non-optimized analogues using a synergistic combination of 3D printing,phase inversion,and microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition.This process allows the metal-free growth of vertically aligned carbon nanostructures directly onto polymer-derived substrates,resulting in a 20-fold increase in the electrochemically active surface area.Computational fluid dynamics simulations were used to improve mass transport and reduce pressure drop.Electrochemical characterization demonstrated that the optimized electrodes performed significantly better,achieving 4.7-,4-,and 6.5-fold increases in the degradation rates of atenolol,metoprolol,and propranolol,respectively,during electrochemical oxidation.These results highlight the efficacy of the integrated fabrication and simulation approach in producing high-performance electrodes for sustainable wastewater treatment applications.
文摘The Hellmann potential, which is a superposition of an attractive Coulomb potential -air and a Yutmwa potential b e-δr /r , is often used to compute bound-state normalizations and energy levels of neutral atoms. By using the generalized parametric Nikiforov-Uvarov （NU） method, we have obtained the approximate analytical solutions of the radial Schr6dinger equation （SE） for the Hellmann potential. The energy eigenvalues and corresponding eigenfunctions are calculated in closed forms. Some numerical results are presented, which show good agreement with a numerical amplitude phase method and also those previously obtained by other methods. As a particular case, we find the energy levels of the pure Coulomb potential.
文摘Using the Pekeris approximation,the Schrödinger equation is solved for the nuclear deformed Woods-Saxon potential within the framework of the asymptotic iteration method.The energy levels are worked out and the corresponding normalized eigenfunctions are obtained in terms of hypergeometric function.
文摘In order to establish the design methodology of a small axial fan, the axial fan with impeller diameter of 36 mm was designed, manufactured and tested. Especially, in order to investigate the influence of difference in blade cord length and blade thickness on performance characteristics, the performance characteristics obtained by the designed axial fans with difference blade shapes were examined. Also, by using CFD, the same flow field as the experiment was visualized. It was found that the lift of the blade was increased and the performance was improved in high flow rate region by thinning of the blade thickness and by extending the blade chord length.
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a neurological degenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SN)and intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies and Lewy tangles,composed mainly by aggregates of α-synuclein.Braak et al.(2003)proposed that the olfactory epithelium and intestines are the anatomical sites where PD initiates;as pathological aggregates ofα-synuclein are detected in these tissues in very early or prodromal PD.In this scenario,α-synuclein seems to reach the central nervous system(CNS)by axonal transport through the sympathetic nervous system,the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves as well as the olfactory pathways(Braak et al.,2003).
文摘Numerical simulations have been carried out for a supersonic three-dimensional rectangular arc nozzle, where a secondary flow toward the center of the curvature occurs due to the shape of the nozzle. It is known that secondary flow causes longitudinal vortices to form near the wall of the nozzle corner, making the nozzle outlet flow unstable and induces loss of transport energy. When the working fluid is a condensable gas with relatively large latent heat such as moist air or steam, rapid accelerated expansion in the nozzle causes non-equilibrium condensation due to supersaturation. After the release of latent heat during phase transition, nozzle flow continues expanding at an equilibrium saturation condition. In the absence of foreign particles, e.g. ions or dust particles, condensation nuclei are formed in the gas itself causing non-equilibrium homogeneous condensation. Supersonic nozzle flow properties vary considerably due to the occurrence of condensation phenomenon. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of non-equilibrium homogeneous condensation on the longitudinal vortices which form in the range close to the corner of rectangular arc nozzle numerically.
基金Project partially supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (Grant No. TBíTAK)
文摘Approximate analytical bound-state solutions of the Dirac particle in the fields of attractive and repulsive Rosen–Morse （RM） potentials including the Coulomb-like tensor （CLT） potential are obtained for arbitrary spin–orbit quantum number κ. The Pekeris approximation is used to deal with the spin–orbit coupling terms κ（κ ± 1）r 2 . In the presence of exact spin and pseudospin （p-spin） symmetries, the energy eigenvalues and the corresponding normalized two-component wave functions are found by using the parametric generalization of the Nikiforov–Uvarov （NU） method. The numerical results show that the CLT interaction removes degeneracies between the spin and p-spin state doublets.
