The rapid growth of biomedical data,particularly multi-omics data including genomes,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenomics,medical research and clinical decision-making confront both new opportunities...The rapid growth of biomedical data,particularly multi-omics data including genomes,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenomics,medical research and clinical decision-making confront both new opportunities and obstacles.The huge and diversified nature of these datasets cannot always be managed using traditional data analysis methods.As a consequence,deep learning has emerged as a strong tool for analysing numerous omics data due to its ability to handle complex and non-linear relationships.This paper explores the fundamental concepts of deep learning and how they are used in multi-omics medical data mining.We demonstrate how autoencoders,variational autoencoders,multimodal models,attention mechanisms,transformers,and graph neural networks enable pattern analysis and recognition across all omics data.Deep learning has been found to be effective in illness classification,biomarker identification,gene network learning,and therapeutic efficacy prediction.We also consider critical problems like as data quality,model explainability,whether findings can be repeated,and computational power requirements.We now consider future elements of combining omics with clinical and imaging data,explainable AI,federated learning,and real-time diagnostics.Overall,this study emphasises the need of collaborating across disciplines to advance deep learning-based multi-omics research for precision medicine and comprehending complicated disorders.展开更多
Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich n...Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich nature gas,which is the technology of CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming and hydrogen reaction.The following technologies are discussed,such as CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to olefins(FTO)technology for producing high value-added linear alpha olefins(LAO);CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology to produce higher carbon alcohols;direct methanol production from CO2 and hydrogen;and the new cutting edge technology of photo-catalytic process.In addition,simple techno-economic evaluations of two technologies mentioned above are discussed.The CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with FTO technology can achieve about 30%of internal rate return(IRR),while the low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology could have a static payback period of 2.57 years when the capacity of 2-propylhexanol(2-PH)reaches 100 kt/a.Based on the mega-size green and high-efficient CO2-rich natural gas direct utilization technology,a hybrid energy and chemical production system framework with good prospects is preliminarily designed.A modern industry zone with an annual capacity of more than 10 Mt of CO2 converted to high value-added products is underway.展开更多
Based on the numerical simulation of solidification, a computer aid design(CAD) software package of casting technique was developed to design the rising system intelligently. The software can calculate the size and lo...Based on the numerical simulation of solidification, a computer aid design(CAD) software package of casting technique was developed to design the rising system intelligently. The software can calculate the size and locate the situations of the isolated melts. According to the liquid shrinkage of each isolated melts and the standard parameters of risers in the database, the riser’s situation and the size can be identified intelligently as long as the riser’s shape is selected. 3-D software and simulation analysis of CAST soft/computer aid engineering(CAE) software show that the design of the riser and the running system is feasible.展开更多
Purpose–This paper analyzes the application of digital twin technology in the field of intelligent operation and maintenance of high-speed railway infrastructure from the perspective of top-level design.Design/method...Purpose–This paper analyzes the application of digital twin technology in the field of intelligent operation and maintenance of high-speed railway infrastructure from the perspective of top-level design.Design/methodology/approach–This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the definition,connotations,characteristics and key technologies of digital twin technology.It also conducts a thorough analysis of the current state of digital twin applications,with a particular focus on the overall requirements for intelligent operation and maintenance of high-speed railway infrastructure.Using the Jinan Yellow River Bridge on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway as a case study,the paper details the construction process of the twin system from the perspectives of system architecture,theoretical definition,model construction and platform design.Findings–Digital twin technology can play an important role in the whole life cycle management,fault prediction and condition monitoring in the field of high-speed rail operation and maintenance.Digital twin technology is of great significance to improve the intelligent level of high-speed railway operation and management.Originality/value–This paper systematically summarizes the main components of digital twin railway.The general framework of the digital twin bridge is given,and its application in the field of intelligent operation and maintenance is prospected.展开更多
The Par-Tapi-Narmada river link envisages transfer of surplus water from west flowing rivers between Par and Tapi in Gujarat State, India to water deficit areas in North Gujarat. The scheme is located mainly in southe...The Par-Tapi-Narmada river link envisages transfer of surplus water from west flowing rivers between Par and Tapi in Gujarat State, India to water deficit areas in North Gujarat. The scheme is located mainly in southern Gujarat but it also covers part of the areas of Maharashtra, North of Mumbai on the Western Ghats of India. The main aim of Par-Tapi-Narmada link is to transfer the surplus waters of Par, Auranga, Ambica and Purna River basins to take over part of Narmada Canal command (Miyagam branch) after providing enroute irrigation. It is proposed that water saved in Sardar Sarovar Project, as a result of this transfer, would be taken further northwards to benefit water scarce areas of north Gujarat and also westwards in Saurashtra and Kutch regions. The construction of seven reservoirs on Par-Tapi-Narmada River Link Project would affect land use/land cover, settlements and infrastructure facilities within and around reservoir area. Thus, the submergence impact analysis of all the seven reservoirs of this project have been carried out by using remote sensing and GIS techniques for planning and designing of the structures. Out of the seven reservoirs, the paper discusses submergence analysis of Kelwan Dam reservoir which is located in geologically complex region of the Dangs district. The study attempts to assess the present problems of submergence of land, forest, agriculture, settlements and infrastructure facilities by using GIS techniques for taking alternative remedial measures prior and during construction of the dams.展开更多
The inverse slope method (ISM) was used to interpret electric sounding data to determine the geoelectric parameters of the alteration zones (continuous media) and rocky environments (discontinuous environments) of the...The inverse slope method (ISM) was used to interpret electric sounding data to determine the geoelectric parameters of the alteration zones (continuous media) and rocky environments (discontinuous environments) of the Bouna Department. Having both qualitative and quantitative interpretation, the inverse slope method (ISM) has the ability to determine the different geoelectric layers while characterizing their resistivities and true thicknesses. In the Bouna department, this method allowed us to count a maximum of four (4) geoelectric layers with a total thickness ranging from 12.99 m to 24.66 m. The alteration thicknesses calculated by the ISM in comparison with those measured in the boreholes showed a linear agreement of the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.8269 with the support of the Nash criterion which showed that this method gave thicknesses of alteration close to 76.76% of that obtained during the drillings.展开更多
The interesting nanomaterials that have developed quickly in the latest years and have a lot of significance in the biomedical industry are nanocelluloses (NCs). This tendency is in line with the growing need for main...The interesting nanomaterials that have developed quickly in the latest years and have a lot of significance in the biomedical industry are nanocelluloses (NCs). This tendency is in line with the growing need for maintainable materials that will enhance wellbeing and prolong human life, as well as the need to stay up to date with medical technological advancements. Based on the most desirable characteristics of nanocellulose, a variety of novel, useful materials with a broad scope of biomedical applications have been developed. NCs-based materials have garnered a lot of interest in medical applications due to their obtainability, biodegradability, affordability, biocompatibility, sustainability, exceptional mechanical qualities and low cytotoxicity. For the year 2022, the medical field more specifically, biosensors, drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and medical implants, represents more than 60% of all the disciplines in which NCs are utilized. Domains, including wrapping, purification of air, ultrafiltration, elimination of pollutants, acoustics, account for around 40% of the entire number of other applications [1]. The overview of nanocellulose for medical applications is briefly reviewed in the first section of this paper. The second section explains how nanocelluloses can be modified for use in medicine. Chemically altering nanocellulose to create hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites, as well as altering the surface for use in biomedicine. The review also discusses the benefits of nanocellulose over the existing technologies in the biomedical field. The final section discusses how nanocelluloses are used in the biomedical field.展开更多
In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over ...In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).展开更多
The physical examination of the fruit of soursop fruit (Annona muricata) selected from different parent trees was investigated. Three-stage modified Soxhlet method was used which includes a percolator (boiler and refl...The physical examination of the fruit of soursop fruit (Annona muricata) selected from different parent trees was investigated. Three-stage modified Soxhlet method was used which includes a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the seed to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the condensed solvent from the thimble back into the percolator. The extraction of oil from the seed and the percentage yield was examined. The oil samples were characterized for physico-chemical properties. The maximum values of physical parameters found were fruit weight 3.7 ± 7.09, fruit length 12.2 ± 28.3 cm, with 15.2 ± 20.81 cm and 0.12 ± 18.91 g for pulp weight. The percentage oil yield of 48.5% was obtained due to the environmental factors such as the soil type, planting season and optimal temperature of the region of seed cultivation. The result of chemical properties showed maximum acid value 0.46 mg KOH, FFA of 0.33 mg, saponification of 189.4 mg KOH mg and peroxide value of 4.33 mg/g. The oil physical properties as discovered have a melting point of 32˚C, smoke point of 198˚C and flash point of 280˚C. The results obtained in this study further reveal the potential of oil from seed of soursop as a substitute for conventional vegetable oil due to its high flash point which is an indication of its low flammability and can be used as a good source of food, industrially can be used as an anti-microbial agent and for pest control.展开更多
Cinnamon was a significant commodity in the spice trade along the Silk Road and was popular throughout Asia,Europe,and Africa,where it has been widely used in medicine,religion,and daily life from ancient times to the...Cinnamon was a significant commodity in the spice trade along the Silk Road and was popular throughout Asia,Europe,and Africa,where it has been widely used in medicine,religion,and daily life from ancient times to the present day.This paper examines the ancient literature related to cinnamon from a global perspective,exploring its origins,spread,and medicinal uses documented in various traditional medicine.It aims to uncover the exchange of medicinal knowledge among civilizations along the Silk Road and the contribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to medical practices worldwide.The findings indicate that China and Southeast Asia were the primary sources of cinnamon used in the West during ancient times,with Persian and Arab traders playing a crucial role in its transmission from East to West.The common and unique applications of cinnamon in various medical traditions illustrate the dynamic flow of medicinal knowledge across regions and highlight the distinct strengths and characteristics of traditional medicines shaped by diverse cultural backgrounds.Taking cinnamon as an example,this study demonstrates how the westward spread of traditional Chinese medicines promoted the exchange and integration of medical knowledge among countries along the Silk Road.It contributes to understanding the patterns of medical knowledge dissemination between the ancient East and West,with medicines as the carrier for cultural exchange.展开更多
Accurate measurement of anchor rod length is crucial for ensuring structural safety in tunnel engineering,yet conventional destructive techniques face limitations in efficiency and adaptability to complex underground ...Accurate measurement of anchor rod length is crucial for ensuring structural safety in tunnel engineering,yet conventional destructive techniques face limitations in efficiency and adaptability to complex underground environments.This study presents a novel wireless instrument based on the standing wave principle to enable remote,non-destructive length assessment.The system employs a master-slave architecture,where a handheld transmitter unit initiates measurements through robust 433 MHz wireless communication,optimized for signal penetration in obstructed spaces.The embedded measurement unit,integrated with anchor rods during installation,utilizes frequency-scanning technology to excite structural resonances.By analyzing standing wave characteristics,anchor length is derived from a calibrated frequency-length relationship.Power management adopts a standby-activation strategy to minimize energy consumption while maintaining operational readiness.Experimental validation confirms the system effectively measures anchor lengths with high precision and maintains reliable signal transmission through thick concrete barriers,demonstrating suitability for tunnel deployment.The non-destructive approach eliminates structural damage risks associated with traditional pull-out tests,while wireless operation enhances inspection efficiency in confined spaces.Thiswork establishes a paradigmfor embedded structural healthmonitoring in tunneling,offering significant improvements over existing methods in safety,cost-effectiveness,and scalability.The technology holds promise for broad applications in mining,underground infrastructure,and geotechnical engineering.展开更多
Purpose-The rapid development of China’s railway construction has led to an increase in data generated by the high-speed rail(HSR)catenary system.Traditional management methods struggle with challenges such as poor i...Purpose-The rapid development of China’s railway construction has led to an increase in data generated by the high-speed rail(HSR)catenary system.Traditional management methods struggle with challenges such as poor information sharing,disconnected business applications and insufficient intelligence throughout the lifecycle.This study aims to address these issues by applying building information modeling(BIM)technology to improve lifecycle management efficiency for HSR catenary systems.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the lifecycle management needs of catenary engineering,incorporating the intelligent HSR“Model-Data Driven,Axis-Plane Coordination”philosophy,this paper constructs a BIM-based lifecycle management framework for HSR catenary engineering.Findings-This study investigates the full-process lifecycle management of the catenary system across various stages of design,manufacture,construction and operation,exploring integrated BIM models and data transmission methods,along with key technologies for BIM model transmission,transformation and lightweighting.Originality/value-This study establishes a lossless information circulation and transmission system for HSR catenary lifecycle management.Multi-stage applications are verified through the construction of the Chongqing-Kunming High-Speed Railway,comprehensive advancing the intelligent promotion and highquality development of catenary engineering.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the properties of Pr^(3+)-Dy^(3+)doped Zn_(2)Y-type hexaferrite for potential technological applications.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and ...This study was conducted to investigate the properties of Pr^(3+)-Dy^(3+)doped Zn_(2)Y-type hexaferrite for potential technological applications.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)were used to analyze structural properties.The crystallite size in the synthesized samples varies between 57.54 and 68.57 nm.The vibrational bands at 400 and 600 cm^(-1),common to all hexaferrites,were confirmed through FTIR.The FESEM analysis reveals an agglomeration of magnetic grains and a decrease in the average grain size from 1.24 to1.06μm.The M-H loops show that,with x values of 0.0,0.1,and 0.2,the saturation magnetization is determined to be 34.76,34.23,and 32.52 emu/g,respectively.The corresponding coercivity values are21.24,30.39,and 33.99 Oe.UV-visible spectroscopy using Tauc theory reveals an increase in the optical band gap from 2.32 to 2.50 eV,indicating a tunable energy band structure by incorporating Pr^(3+)-Dy^(3+)ions.The dielectric constant increases,whereas AC conductivity decreases with increased Pr^(3+)-Dy^(3+)concentration.The obtained results suggest the potential suitability of these materials for various technological applications.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis,primarily due to its late diagnosis.Current gold-standard diagnostic methods,such as tissue histopathological examination,are inva...BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis,primarily due to its late diagnosis.Current gold-standard diagnostic methods,such as tissue histopathological examination,are invasive and carry risks of complications(e.g.,bleeding,infection,pancreatic fistula),limiting their routine use.Serum tumor markers[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA-19-9),carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA)]have been widely studied for non-invasive screening,but their single use lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection.Emerging research suggests that inflammatory and stromal-related molecules,such as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)(involved in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis)and chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3 L1)(a marker of tissue remodeling and inflammation),may complement traditional markers in improving diagnostic accuracy.However,their combined utility in pancreatic cancer diagnosis,particularly for differentiating early-stage tumors,remains unclear.AIM To explore the application value of serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA)and serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.METHODS From October 2021 to October 2024,51 patients with pancreatic cancer were selected for the pancreatic cancer group,and 51 healthy examinees were selected for the healthy group during the same period.The value of serum tumor markers in combination with serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was assessed.RESULTS Comparison of age,gender,body mass index,and drinking and smoking histories between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05);serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 levels were higher in the pancreatic cancer group(P<0.05);pancreatic cancer patients of stage II had higher serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1,and CHI3 L1 values(P<0.05);serum tumor markers,serum sICAM-1,and CHI3 L1 were positively correlated with pancreatic cancer(P<0.05)and showed a positive correlation with stage I and stage II.Pancreatic cancer showed a positive correlation(P<0.05);multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 were independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer(P<0.05);serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1,serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA)and serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 had area under the curves(AUCs)of 0.750,0.724,0.585,and 0.562 for pancreatic cancer diagnosis,respectively;AUCs for stage I diagnosis were 0.766,0.752,0.622,and 0.572 and for stage II diagnosis were 0.783,0.758,0.626,and 0.671,respectively,and the AUCs for the combined diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,stage I pancreatic cancer,and stage II pancreatic cancer were 0.782,0.824,and 0.862,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined detection of serum tumor markers with serum sICAM-1 and serum CHI3 L1 can significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and its different stages.展开更多
Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in reliev...Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in relieving constipation by using the slow transit constipation(STC)mouse model and network pharmacology.The results of animal experiments showed that M.oleifera aqueous extract(MOA)had good laxative activity,and its 70%alcohol soluble part(ASP)also showed significant laxative activity(P<0.01).Network pharmacological prediction results suggested that L-phenylalanine(Phe)was the key compound of ASP,and it might relieve constipation through tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)and three kinds of adrenergic receptors,includingα_(1A)(ADRA1A),α_(2A)(ADRA2A),andα_(2B)(ADRA2B).Further animal experiment results showed that Phe significantly promoted gastrointestinal motility.Phe may relieve STC by enhancing the release of substance P(SP)and upregulating the m RNA expression of TACR1 in the ileum.Importantly,Phe may also promote intestinal movement by downregulating the m RNA expression of ADRA2A and ADRA2B and upregulating the m RNA expression of Calm and the m RNA and protein expression of myosin light chain 9 in the ileum,thereby activating the G protein-coupled receptor-myosin light chain signaling pathway.These results lay a foundation for the application of M.oleifera and Phe in constipation.展开更多
In medical imaging,accurate brain tumor classification in medical imaging requires real-time processing and efficient computation,making hardware acceleration essential.Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs)offer paral...In medical imaging,accurate brain tumor classification in medical imaging requires real-time processing and efficient computation,making hardware acceleration essential.Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs)offer parallelism and reconfigurability,making them well-suited for such tasks.In this study,we propose a hardware-accelerated Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)for brain cancer classification,implemented on the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA.Our approach optimizes the first Conv2D layer using different numerical representations:8-bit fixed-point(INT8),16-bit fixed-point(FP16),and 32-bit fixed-point(FP32),while the remaining layers run on an ARM Cortex-A9 processor.Experimental results demonstrate that FPGA acceleration significantly outperforms the CPU(Central Processing Unit)based approach.The obtained results emphasize the critical importance of selecting the appropriate numerical representation for hardware acceleration in medical imaging.On the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA,the INT8 achieves a 16.8%reduction in latency and 22.2%power savings compared to FP32,making it ideal for real-time and energy-constrained applications.FP16 offers a strong balance,delivering only a 0.1%drop in accuracy compared to FP32(94.1%vs.94.2%)while improving latency by 5%and reducing power consumption by 11.1%.Compared to prior works,the proposed FPGA-based CNN model achieves the highest classification accuracy(94.2%)with a throughput of up to 1.562 FPS,outperforming GPU-based and traditional CPU methods in both accuracy and hardware efficiency.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of FPGA-based AI acceleration for real-time,power-efficient,and high-performance brain tumor classification,showcasing its practical potential in next-generation medical imaging systems.展开更多
Copper complexes inspired by O_(2)-activating enzymes have been widely investigated as molecular water oxidation catalysts,capable of facile and reversible O─O bond formation and cleavage under mild conditions.In thi...Copper complexes inspired by O_(2)-activating enzymes have been widely investigated as molecular water oxidation catalysts,capable of facile and reversible O─O bond formation and cleavage under mild conditions.In this study,two copper phenanthroline complexes,namely,Cu(phen)and Cu(dophen),exhibit high turnover frequencies(TOFs)of 74±13 and(5.66±0.29)×10^(3)s^(−1)for water oxidation,respectively.Moreover,amino acid-functionalized carbon dots(CDs)were used to support the adhesion of the[Cu]complexes onto the electrode,significantly enhancing the TOFs of(2.80±0.12)×10^(3)and(4.11±0.24)×10^(4)s^(−1),respectively,exceeding the activity of photosystem Ⅱ in nature.Remarkably,the amino acid-functionalized CDs provide a secondary sphere that mimics the catalytic microenvironment of the copper centre,which promotes proton-coupled electron transfer and O─O bond formation.Finally,the photovoltaic-electrolysis(PVE)system was established using CDs-supported Cu catalysts and commercial silicon solar panels,achieving a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 11.59%under the illumination of AM 1.5 G.This represents the most efficient solar-driven water splitting system based on copper-based catalysts to date,introducing the biomimetic secondary sphere to a“proton-rocking”process for water oxidation catalysis and application of the PVE system.展开更多
Maintaining low nitrate concentrations in aquaponic systems is crucial for improving water quality and maximizing the growth efficiency of fish and vegetables.Downflow hanging sponge(DHS)and upflow sludge blanket(USB)...Maintaining low nitrate concentrations in aquaponic systems is crucial for improving water quality and maximizing the growth efficiency of fish and vegetables.Downflow hanging sponge(DHS)and upflow sludge blanket(USB)reactors have shown potential for wastewater treatment,but their use in aquaponic systems is relatively underexplored,particularly for overall performance and efficiency.In this study,a DHS reactor was coupled with a denitrifying USB reactor in an aquaponic system comprising Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)and kale(Brassica oleracea L.var.acephala DC).The USB reactor achieved a nitrate removal rate of 80.8%±20.5%.The specific growth rate of tilapia was 6.11%per day from day 16 to day 30.On day 45,kale growth achieved stem lengths of(4.1±1.2)cm,root lengths of(12.2±6.0)cm,and leaf counts of(6.3±2.0)leaves per plant.Changes in the microbial communities within the reactors positively contributed to denitrification,resulting in a nitrogen utilization efficiency of 88.3%.The DHS–USB aquaponic system effectively maintained optimal water quality and stable parameters(pH,dissolved oxygen,and temperature).It regulated ammonia levels well and achieved 80.8%±20.5%removal rates for nitrite and nitrate after day 10.Microbial analysis highlighted significant shifts in the microbial communities within the DHS and USB reactors,underscoring their critical roles in nitrification and denitrification.Therefore,the DHS–USB aquatic system has the potential to improve agricultural production efficiency and promote sustainable development.展开更多
This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutri...This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.展开更多
Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of ...Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of CaCe_(2)(S/Se)_(4)by density functional theory based on the Wien2k code.The energy released during optimization in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states confirms that the ferromagnetic state is stable,which is further verified by negative formation energy.Heisenberg model and density of states report the Curie temperature and spin polarization.Half metallic ferromagnetism(HMF)regarding hybridization,crystal fields,exchange ene rgies,and double exchange mechanisms is discussed.The transfer of magnetic moments from Ce to Ca and S/Se and interstitial sites ensure the role of spin of electrons rather than clustering.Mo reover,the optical prope rties are addressed by dielectric constants,absorption,refraction,and optical loss.The first absorption peaks exist in infrared zone;others fall in visible to ultraviolet zones.The spin-up(↑)and spin-down(↓)channel thermoelectric factors combine and report the performance by conductivities,Seebeck coefficient,and power factor.Therefore,the studied materials'optical and thermoelectric behaviours will allow researchers to realize them for technological applications.展开更多
文摘The rapid growth of biomedical data,particularly multi-omics data including genomes,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,and epigenomics,medical research and clinical decision-making confront both new opportunities and obstacles.The huge and diversified nature of these datasets cannot always be managed using traditional data analysis methods.As a consequence,deep learning has emerged as a strong tool for analysing numerous omics data due to its ability to handle complex and non-linear relationships.This paper explores the fundamental concepts of deep learning and how they are used in multi-omics medical data mining.We demonstrate how autoencoders,variational autoencoders,multimodal models,attention mechanisms,transformers,and graph neural networks enable pattern analysis and recognition across all omics data.Deep learning has been found to be effective in illness classification,biomarker identification,gene network learning,and therapeutic efficacy prediction.We also consider critical problems like as data quality,model explainability,whether findings can be repeated,and computational power requirements.We now consider future elements of combining omics with clinical and imaging data,explainable AI,federated learning,and real-time diagnostics.Overall,this study emphasises the need of collaborating across disciplines to advance deep learning-based multi-omics research for precision medicine and comprehending complicated disorders.
文摘Based on industrial production with an annual capacity of million tons of methanol,ammonia/urea,etc.,a platform technology is developed for direct,green,efficient,and high-value mega-size utilization of the CO2-rich nature gas,which is the technology of CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming and hydrogen reaction.The following technologies are discussed,such as CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis to olefins(FTO)technology for producing high value-added linear alpha olefins(LAO);CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology to produce higher carbon alcohols;direct methanol production from CO2 and hydrogen;and the new cutting edge technology of photo-catalytic process.In addition,simple techno-economic evaluations of two technologies mentioned above are discussed.The CO2-rich natural gas dry reforming integrated with FTO technology can achieve about 30%of internal rate return(IRR),while the low carbon olefin linear hydroformylation technology could have a static payback period of 2.57 years when the capacity of 2-propylhexanol(2-PH)reaches 100 kt/a.Based on the mega-size green and high-efficient CO2-rich natural gas direct utilization technology,a hybrid energy and chemical production system framework with good prospects is preliminarily designed.A modern industry zone with an annual capacity of more than 10 Mt of CO2 converted to high value-added products is underway.
文摘Based on the numerical simulation of solidification, a computer aid design(CAD) software package of casting technique was developed to design the rising system intelligently. The software can calculate the size and locate the situations of the isolated melts. According to the liquid shrinkage of each isolated melts and the standard parameters of risers in the database, the riser’s situation and the size can be identified intelligently as long as the riser’s shape is selected. 3-D software and simulation analysis of CAST soft/computer aid engineering(CAE) software show that the design of the riser and the running system is feasible.
基金funded by the China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.Science and technology research and development program project(K2023G085).
文摘Purpose–This paper analyzes the application of digital twin technology in the field of intelligent operation and maintenance of high-speed railway infrastructure from the perspective of top-level design.Design/methodology/approach–This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the definition,connotations,characteristics and key technologies of digital twin technology.It also conducts a thorough analysis of the current state of digital twin applications,with a particular focus on the overall requirements for intelligent operation and maintenance of high-speed railway infrastructure.Using the Jinan Yellow River Bridge on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway as a case study,the paper details the construction process of the twin system from the perspectives of system architecture,theoretical definition,model construction and platform design.Findings–Digital twin technology can play an important role in the whole life cycle management,fault prediction and condition monitoring in the field of high-speed rail operation and maintenance.Digital twin technology is of great significance to improve the intelligent level of high-speed railway operation and management.Originality/value–This paper systematically summarizes the main components of digital twin railway.The general framework of the digital twin bridge is given,and its application in the field of intelligent operation and maintenance is prospected.
文摘The Par-Tapi-Narmada river link envisages transfer of surplus water from west flowing rivers between Par and Tapi in Gujarat State, India to water deficit areas in North Gujarat. The scheme is located mainly in southern Gujarat but it also covers part of the areas of Maharashtra, North of Mumbai on the Western Ghats of India. The main aim of Par-Tapi-Narmada link is to transfer the surplus waters of Par, Auranga, Ambica and Purna River basins to take over part of Narmada Canal command (Miyagam branch) after providing enroute irrigation. It is proposed that water saved in Sardar Sarovar Project, as a result of this transfer, would be taken further northwards to benefit water scarce areas of north Gujarat and also westwards in Saurashtra and Kutch regions. The construction of seven reservoirs on Par-Tapi-Narmada River Link Project would affect land use/land cover, settlements and infrastructure facilities within and around reservoir area. Thus, the submergence impact analysis of all the seven reservoirs of this project have been carried out by using remote sensing and GIS techniques for planning and designing of the structures. Out of the seven reservoirs, the paper discusses submergence analysis of Kelwan Dam reservoir which is located in geologically complex region of the Dangs district. The study attempts to assess the present problems of submergence of land, forest, agriculture, settlements and infrastructure facilities by using GIS techniques for taking alternative remedial measures prior and during construction of the dams.
基金This research was supported by the Hydrogeology Research Group of the Geosciences and Environment Laboratory at Nangui Abrogoua University in Abidjan,Ivory Coast.
文摘The inverse slope method (ISM) was used to interpret electric sounding data to determine the geoelectric parameters of the alteration zones (continuous media) and rocky environments (discontinuous environments) of the Bouna Department. Having both qualitative and quantitative interpretation, the inverse slope method (ISM) has the ability to determine the different geoelectric layers while characterizing their resistivities and true thicknesses. In the Bouna department, this method allowed us to count a maximum of four (4) geoelectric layers with a total thickness ranging from 12.99 m to 24.66 m. The alteration thicknesses calculated by the ISM in comparison with those measured in the boreholes showed a linear agreement of the coefficient of determination R2 = 0.8269 with the support of the Nash criterion which showed that this method gave thicknesses of alteration close to 76.76% of that obtained during the drillings.
文摘The interesting nanomaterials that have developed quickly in the latest years and have a lot of significance in the biomedical industry are nanocelluloses (NCs). This tendency is in line with the growing need for maintainable materials that will enhance wellbeing and prolong human life, as well as the need to stay up to date with medical technological advancements. Based on the most desirable characteristics of nanocellulose, a variety of novel, useful materials with a broad scope of biomedical applications have been developed. NCs-based materials have garnered a lot of interest in medical applications due to their obtainability, biodegradability, affordability, biocompatibility, sustainability, exceptional mechanical qualities and low cytotoxicity. For the year 2022, the medical field more specifically, biosensors, drug delivery, wound dressing, tissue engineering, and medical implants, represents more than 60% of all the disciplines in which NCs are utilized. Domains, including wrapping, purification of air, ultrafiltration, elimination of pollutants, acoustics, account for around 40% of the entire number of other applications [1]. The overview of nanocellulose for medical applications is briefly reviewed in the first section of this paper. The second section explains how nanocelluloses can be modified for use in medicine. Chemically altering nanocellulose to create hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites, as well as altering the surface for use in biomedicine. The review also discusses the benefits of nanocellulose over the existing technologies in the biomedical field. The final section discusses how nanocelluloses are used in the biomedical field.
基金Supported by Research Funds of Hubei Province(D20144401,Q20174503)。
文摘In this paper,we first generalize the constant dimension and orbit codes over finite fields to the constant rank and orbit codes over finite chain rings.Then we provide a relationship between constant rank codes over finite chain rings and constant dimension codes over the residue fields.In particular,we prove that an orbit submodule code over a finite chain ring is a constant rank code.Finally,for special finite chain ring F_(q)+γF_(q),we define a Gray mapφfrom(F_(q)+γF_(q))^(n)to F^(2n)_(q),and by using cyclic codes over F_(q)+γF_(q),we obtain a method of constructing an optimum distance constant dimension code over F_(q).
文摘The physical examination of the fruit of soursop fruit (Annona muricata) selected from different parent trees was investigated. Three-stage modified Soxhlet method was used which includes a percolator (boiler and reflux) which circulates the solvent, a thimble (usually made of thick filter paper) which retains the seed to be extracted, and a siphon mechanism, which periodically empties the condensed solvent from the thimble back into the percolator. The extraction of oil from the seed and the percentage yield was examined. The oil samples were characterized for physico-chemical properties. The maximum values of physical parameters found were fruit weight 3.7 ± 7.09, fruit length 12.2 ± 28.3 cm, with 15.2 ± 20.81 cm and 0.12 ± 18.91 g for pulp weight. The percentage oil yield of 48.5% was obtained due to the environmental factors such as the soil type, planting season and optimal temperature of the region of seed cultivation. The result of chemical properties showed maximum acid value 0.46 mg KOH, FFA of 0.33 mg, saponification of 189.4 mg KOH mg and peroxide value of 4.33 mg/g. The oil physical properties as discovered have a melting point of 32˚C, smoke point of 198˚C and flash point of 280˚C. The results obtained in this study further reveal the potential of oil from seed of soursop as a substitute for conventional vegetable oil due to its high flash point which is an indication of its low flammability and can be used as a good source of food, industrially can be used as an anti-microbial agent and for pest control.
文摘Cinnamon was a significant commodity in the spice trade along the Silk Road and was popular throughout Asia,Europe,and Africa,where it has been widely used in medicine,religion,and daily life from ancient times to the present day.This paper examines the ancient literature related to cinnamon from a global perspective,exploring its origins,spread,and medicinal uses documented in various traditional medicine.It aims to uncover the exchange of medicinal knowledge among civilizations along the Silk Road and the contribution of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)to medical practices worldwide.The findings indicate that China and Southeast Asia were the primary sources of cinnamon used in the West during ancient times,with Persian and Arab traders playing a crucial role in its transmission from East to West.The common and unique applications of cinnamon in various medical traditions illustrate the dynamic flow of medicinal knowledge across regions and highlight the distinct strengths and characteristics of traditional medicines shaped by diverse cultural backgrounds.Taking cinnamon as an example,this study demonstrates how the westward spread of traditional Chinese medicines promoted the exchange and integration of medical knowledge among countries along the Silk Road.It contributes to understanding the patterns of medical knowledge dissemination between the ancient East and West,with medicines as the carrier for cultural exchange.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Nos.20JR10RA614,22YF7GA182,22JR11RA042,22JR5RA1006,24CXGA024)the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61804071.
文摘Accurate measurement of anchor rod length is crucial for ensuring structural safety in tunnel engineering,yet conventional destructive techniques face limitations in efficiency and adaptability to complex underground environments.This study presents a novel wireless instrument based on the standing wave principle to enable remote,non-destructive length assessment.The system employs a master-slave architecture,where a handheld transmitter unit initiates measurements through robust 433 MHz wireless communication,optimized for signal penetration in obstructed spaces.The embedded measurement unit,integrated with anchor rods during installation,utilizes frequency-scanning technology to excite structural resonances.By analyzing standing wave characteristics,anchor length is derived from a calibrated frequency-length relationship.Power management adopts a standby-activation strategy to minimize energy consumption while maintaining operational readiness.Experimental validation confirms the system effectively measures anchor lengths with high precision and maintains reliable signal transmission through thick concrete barriers,demonstrating suitability for tunnel deployment.The non-destructive approach eliminates structural damage risks associated with traditional pull-out tests,while wireless operation enhances inspection efficiency in confined spaces.Thiswork establishes a paradigmfor embedded structural healthmonitoring in tunneling,offering significant improvements over existing methods in safety,cost-effectiveness,and scalability.The technology holds promise for broad applications in mining,underground infrastructure,and geotechnical engineering.
基金supported by China Academy of Railway Sciences Foundation(Research on Multi Agent Collaborative Mechanism of Intelligent High Speed Rail System Based on Complex Adaptive System Theory,Grant 2023YJ392).
文摘Purpose-The rapid development of China’s railway construction has led to an increase in data generated by the high-speed rail(HSR)catenary system.Traditional management methods struggle with challenges such as poor information sharing,disconnected business applications and insufficient intelligence throughout the lifecycle.This study aims to address these issues by applying building information modeling(BIM)technology to improve lifecycle management efficiency for HSR catenary systems.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the lifecycle management needs of catenary engineering,incorporating the intelligent HSR“Model-Data Driven,Axis-Plane Coordination”philosophy,this paper constructs a BIM-based lifecycle management framework for HSR catenary engineering.Findings-This study investigates the full-process lifecycle management of the catenary system across various stages of design,manufacture,construction and operation,exploring integrated BIM models and data transmission methods,along with key technologies for BIM model transmission,transformation and lightweighting.Originality/value-This study establishes a lossless information circulation and transmission system for HSR catenary lifecycle management.Multi-stage applications are verified through the construction of the Chongqing-Kunming High-Speed Railway,comprehensive advancing the intelligent promotion and highquality development of catenary engineering.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Khalid University for funding this work through large group Research Project under grant number RGP2/226/44。
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the properties of Pr^(3+)-Dy^(3+)doped Zn_(2)Y-type hexaferrite for potential technological applications.X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)and field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM)were used to analyze structural properties.The crystallite size in the synthesized samples varies between 57.54 and 68.57 nm.The vibrational bands at 400 and 600 cm^(-1),common to all hexaferrites,were confirmed through FTIR.The FESEM analysis reveals an agglomeration of magnetic grains and a decrease in the average grain size from 1.24 to1.06μm.The M-H loops show that,with x values of 0.0,0.1,and 0.2,the saturation magnetization is determined to be 34.76,34.23,and 32.52 emu/g,respectively.The corresponding coercivity values are21.24,30.39,and 33.99 Oe.UV-visible spectroscopy using Tauc theory reveals an increase in the optical band gap from 2.32 to 2.50 eV,indicating a tunable energy band structure by incorporating Pr^(3+)-Dy^(3+)ions.The dielectric constant increases,whereas AC conductivity decreases with increased Pr^(3+)-Dy^(3+)concentration.The obtained results suggest the potential suitability of these materials for various technological applications.
文摘BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with a dismal prognosis,primarily due to its late diagnosis.Current gold-standard diagnostic methods,such as tissue histopathological examination,are invasive and carry risks of complications(e.g.,bleeding,infection,pancreatic fistula),limiting their routine use.Serum tumor markers[carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA-19-9),carcinoem-bryonic antigen(CEA)]have been widely studied for non-invasive screening,but their single use lacks sufficient sensitivity and specificity for early detection.Emerging research suggests that inflammatory and stromal-related molecules,such as soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1(sICAM-1)(involved in tumor cell adhesion and metastasis)and chitinase-3-like protein 1(CHI3 L1)(a marker of tissue remodeling and inflammation),may complement traditional markers in improving diagnostic accuracy.However,their combined utility in pancreatic cancer diagnosis,particularly for differentiating early-stage tumors,remains unclear.AIM To explore the application value of serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA)and serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 in the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.METHODS From October 2021 to October 2024,51 patients with pancreatic cancer were selected for the pancreatic cancer group,and 51 healthy examinees were selected for the healthy group during the same period.The value of serum tumor markers in combination with serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer was assessed.RESULTS Comparison of age,gender,body mass index,and drinking and smoking histories between the two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05);serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 levels were higher in the pancreatic cancer group(P<0.05);pancreatic cancer patients of stage II had higher serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1,and CHI3 L1 values(P<0.05);serum tumor markers,serum sICAM-1,and CHI3 L1 were positively correlated with pancreatic cancer(P<0.05)and showed a positive correlation with stage I and stage II.Pancreatic cancer showed a positive correlation(P<0.05);multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 were independent risk factors for pancreatic cancer(P<0.05);serum tumor markers(CA-19-9,CEA),serum sICAM-1,serum tumor marker(CA-19-9,CEA)and serum sICAM-1 and CHI3 L1 had area under the curves(AUCs)of 0.750,0.724,0.585,and 0.562 for pancreatic cancer diagnosis,respectively;AUCs for stage I diagnosis were 0.766,0.752,0.622,and 0.572 and for stage II diagnosis were 0.783,0.758,0.626,and 0.671,respectively,and the AUCs for the combined diagnosis of pancreatic cancer,stage I pancreatic cancer,and stage II pancreatic cancer were 0.782,0.824,and 0.862,respectively(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The combined detection of serum tumor markers with serum sICAM-1 and serum CHI3 L1 can significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and its different stages.
文摘Moringa oleifera have laxative effects,but their active compositions and mechanisms are not very clear thus far.To this end,we systematically explored the active components and mechanism of M.oleifera leaves in relieving constipation by using the slow transit constipation(STC)mouse model and network pharmacology.The results of animal experiments showed that M.oleifera aqueous extract(MOA)had good laxative activity,and its 70%alcohol soluble part(ASP)also showed significant laxative activity(P<0.01).Network pharmacological prediction results suggested that L-phenylalanine(Phe)was the key compound of ASP,and it might relieve constipation through tachykinin receptor 1(TACR1)and three kinds of adrenergic receptors,includingα_(1A)(ADRA1A),α_(2A)(ADRA2A),andα_(2B)(ADRA2B).Further animal experiment results showed that Phe significantly promoted gastrointestinal motility.Phe may relieve STC by enhancing the release of substance P(SP)and upregulating the m RNA expression of TACR1 in the ileum.Importantly,Phe may also promote intestinal movement by downregulating the m RNA expression of ADRA2A and ADRA2B and upregulating the m RNA expression of Calm and the m RNA and protein expression of myosin light chain 9 in the ileum,thereby activating the G protein-coupled receptor-myosin light chain signaling pathway.These results lay a foundation for the application of M.oleifera and Phe in constipation.
基金supported by Northern Border University Researchers Supporting Project number(NBU-FFR-2025-432-03),Northern Border University,Arar,Saudi Arabia.
文摘In medical imaging,accurate brain tumor classification in medical imaging requires real-time processing and efficient computation,making hardware acceleration essential.Field Programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs)offer parallelism and reconfigurability,making them well-suited for such tasks.In this study,we propose a hardware-accelerated Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)for brain cancer classification,implemented on the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA.Our approach optimizes the first Conv2D layer using different numerical representations:8-bit fixed-point(INT8),16-bit fixed-point(FP16),and 32-bit fixed-point(FP32),while the remaining layers run on an ARM Cortex-A9 processor.Experimental results demonstrate that FPGA acceleration significantly outperforms the CPU(Central Processing Unit)based approach.The obtained results emphasize the critical importance of selecting the appropriate numerical representation for hardware acceleration in medical imaging.On the PYNQ-Z2 FPGA,the INT8 achieves a 16.8%reduction in latency and 22.2%power savings compared to FP32,making it ideal for real-time and energy-constrained applications.FP16 offers a strong balance,delivering only a 0.1%drop in accuracy compared to FP32(94.1%vs.94.2%)while improving latency by 5%and reducing power consumption by 11.1%.Compared to prior works,the proposed FPGA-based CNN model achieves the highest classification accuracy(94.2%)with a throughput of up to 1.562 FPS,outperforming GPU-based and traditional CPU methods in both accuracy and hardware efficiency.These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of FPGA-based AI acceleration for real-time,power-efficient,and high-performance brain tumor classification,showcasing its practical potential in next-generation medical imaging systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52273187)National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1500800)+1 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515110372,2023A1515011306,2023A1515240077)Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province(2023B1212120011)。
文摘Copper complexes inspired by O_(2)-activating enzymes have been widely investigated as molecular water oxidation catalysts,capable of facile and reversible O─O bond formation and cleavage under mild conditions.In this study,two copper phenanthroline complexes,namely,Cu(phen)and Cu(dophen),exhibit high turnover frequencies(TOFs)of 74±13 and(5.66±0.29)×10^(3)s^(−1)for water oxidation,respectively.Moreover,amino acid-functionalized carbon dots(CDs)were used to support the adhesion of the[Cu]complexes onto the electrode,significantly enhancing the TOFs of(2.80±0.12)×10^(3)and(4.11±0.24)×10^(4)s^(−1),respectively,exceeding the activity of photosystem Ⅱ in nature.Remarkably,the amino acid-functionalized CDs provide a secondary sphere that mimics the catalytic microenvironment of the copper centre,which promotes proton-coupled electron transfer and O─O bond formation.Finally,the photovoltaic-electrolysis(PVE)system was established using CDs-supported Cu catalysts and commercial silicon solar panels,achieving a high solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 11.59%under the illumination of AM 1.5 G.This represents the most efficient solar-driven water splitting system based on copper-based catalysts to date,introducing the biomimetic secondary sphere to a“proton-rocking”process for water oxidation catalysis and application of the PVE system.
基金supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency(Grant No.JPMJPF2211).
文摘Maintaining low nitrate concentrations in aquaponic systems is crucial for improving water quality and maximizing the growth efficiency of fish and vegetables.Downflow hanging sponge(DHS)and upflow sludge blanket(USB)reactors have shown potential for wastewater treatment,but their use in aquaponic systems is relatively underexplored,particularly for overall performance and efficiency.In this study,a DHS reactor was coupled with a denitrifying USB reactor in an aquaponic system comprising Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus)and kale(Brassica oleracea L.var.acephala DC).The USB reactor achieved a nitrate removal rate of 80.8%±20.5%.The specific growth rate of tilapia was 6.11%per day from day 16 to day 30.On day 45,kale growth achieved stem lengths of(4.1±1.2)cm,root lengths of(12.2±6.0)cm,and leaf counts of(6.3±2.0)leaves per plant.Changes in the microbial communities within the reactors positively contributed to denitrification,resulting in a nitrogen utilization efficiency of 88.3%.The DHS–USB aquaponic system effectively maintained optimal water quality and stable parameters(pH,dissolved oxygen,and temperature).It regulated ammonia levels well and achieved 80.8%±20.5%removal rates for nitrite and nitrate after day 10.Microbial analysis highlighted significant shifts in the microbial communities within the DHS and USB reactors,underscoring their critical roles in nitrification and denitrification.Therefore,the DHS–USB aquatic system has the potential to improve agricultural production efficiency and promote sustainable development.
文摘This study investigates the diversity of gut microbiota in Metaphire peguana,an earthworm species commonly found in agricultural areas of Thailand.Earthworms play a critical role in soil ecosystems by supporting nutrient cycling and breaking down organic matter.Understanding the microbial diversity in their gut is essential for exploring their ecological contributions.Using Next Generation Sequencing(NGS),we analyzed the mycobiome in the gut of M.peguana.Our findings revealed a high diversity of fungal species,primarily belonging to two major phyla:Ascomycota and Basidiomycota.Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum,comprising 40.1% of the total fungal species identified.A total of 33 distinct fungal species were identified,which underscores the richness of microbial life within the earthworm gut.This study successfully created the first genetic database of the microbial community in M.peguana,providing a foundation for future research in agricultural applications.The microbial species identified,particularly siderophoreproducing fungi,could have significant implications for improving soil fertility and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.The use of NGS technology has enabled comprehensive profiling of microbial communities,allowing for precise identification of fungi that may play essential roles in soil health.Furthermore,the study paves the way for future studies on the potential applications of earthworm gut microbiomes in biotechnology,especially in enhancing soil nutrient availability and plant growth.The findings of this research contribute to the broader understanding of the ecological roles of earthworms and their microbiomes in soil ecosystems.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University,Saudi Arabia for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/630/45。
文摘Spinels are an emerging class of advanced technological materials for spintronic,energy harvesting,and water-splitting applications.In this work,we explored the electronic,magnetic,optical,and transport properties of CaCe_(2)(S/Se)_(4)by density functional theory based on the Wien2k code.The energy released during optimization in ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states confirms that the ferromagnetic state is stable,which is further verified by negative formation energy.Heisenberg model and density of states report the Curie temperature and spin polarization.Half metallic ferromagnetism(HMF)regarding hybridization,crystal fields,exchange ene rgies,and double exchange mechanisms is discussed.The transfer of magnetic moments from Ce to Ca and S/Se and interstitial sites ensure the role of spin of electrons rather than clustering.Mo reover,the optical prope rties are addressed by dielectric constants,absorption,refraction,and optical loss.The first absorption peaks exist in infrared zone;others fall in visible to ultraviolet zones.The spin-up(↑)and spin-down(↓)channel thermoelectric factors combine and report the performance by conductivities,Seebeck coefficient,and power factor.Therefore,the studied materials'optical and thermoelectric behaviours will allow researchers to realize them for technological applications.
