The proper determination of the curve number （CN） in the SCS-CN method reduces errors in predicting runoff volume. In this paper the variability of CN was studied for 5 Slovak and S Polish Carpathian catchments. Emp...The proper determination of the curve number （CN） in the SCS-CN method reduces errors in predicting runoff volume. In this paper the variability of CN was studied for 5 Slovak and S Polish Carpathian catchments. Empirical curve numbers were applied to the distribution fitting. Next, theoretical characteristics of CN were estimated. For loo-CN the Generalized Extreme Value （GEV） distribution was identified as the best fit in most of the catchments. An assessment of the differences between the characteristics estimated from theoretical distributions and the tabulated values of CN was performed. The comparison between the antecedent runoff conditions （ARC） of Hawkins and Hjelmfelt was also completed. The analysis was done for various magnitudes of rainfall. Confidence intervals （CI） were helpful in this evaluation. The studies revealed discordances between the tabulated and estimated CNs. The tabulated CNs were usually lower than estimated values; therefore, an application of the median value and the probabilistic ARC of Hjelmfelt for wet runoff conditions is advisable. For dry conditions the ARC of Hjelmfelt usually better estimated CN than ARC of Hawkins did, but in several catchments neither the ARC of Hawkins nor Hjelmfelt sufficiently depicted the variability in CN.展开更多
Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease. They propagate in the Yangtze River valley of Chi-na. The spread of the disease is solely through a middle-agent named oncomelania, so the spread ofschistosomiasis by oncomelani...Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease. They propagate in the Yangtze River valley of Chi-na. The spread of the disease is solely through a middle-agent named oncomelania, so the spread ofschistosomiasis by oncomelania can be controlled by properly designing water intakes which preventoncomelania from entering the farming land or residential areas. In this paper, a successful design pro-cess is reported and a new oncomelania-free intake device is demonstrated in the laboratory. The de-sign of the new intake is based on a sound research program in which an extensive experimental stud-ies have been carried out to gain knowledge of oncomelania eco-hydraulic behaviors and a detailed flowfield information is obtained through CFD simulation.展开更多
Oncemelania is the middle-parasitifer of schistosome.Controlling the oncomelania is the important way of preventing the schistosomiasis.The article mainly introduces the measurement of jet flow field’s velocity in pr...Oncemelania is the middle-parasitifer of schistosome.Controlling the oncomelania is the important way of preventing the schistosomiasis.The article mainly introduces the measurement of jet flow field’s velocity in pressure conduit by FVM numerical modeling and using high-tech PIV,and analyses the reason why the Oncemelania could sink to the bottom but not escape from the equipment named Oncemelania-free intake devices.展开更多
基金supported by the Slovak Grant Agency VEGA under Project No.1/0776/13 and Project No.1/0710/15Research Project No.N N305 396238 founded by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education
文摘The proper determination of the curve number （CN） in the SCS-CN method reduces errors in predicting runoff volume. In this paper the variability of CN was studied for 5 Slovak and S Polish Carpathian catchments. Empirical curve numbers were applied to the distribution fitting. Next, theoretical characteristics of CN were estimated. For loo-CN the Generalized Extreme Value （GEV） distribution was identified as the best fit in most of the catchments. An assessment of the differences between the characteristics estimated from theoretical distributions and the tabulated values of CN was performed. The comparison between the antecedent runoff conditions （ARC） of Hawkins and Hjelmfelt was also completed. The analysis was done for various magnitudes of rainfall. Confidence intervals （CI） were helpful in this evaluation. The studies revealed discordances between the tabulated and estimated CNs. The tabulated CNs were usually lower than estimated values; therefore, an application of the median value and the probabilistic ARC of Hjelmfelt for wet runoff conditions is advisable. For dry conditions the ARC of Hjelmfelt usually better estimated CN than ARC of Hawkins did, but in several catchments neither the ARC of Hawkins nor Hjelmfelt sufficiently depicted the variability in CN.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50078018) .
文摘Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease. They propagate in the Yangtze River valley of Chi-na. The spread of the disease is solely through a middle-agent named oncomelania, so the spread ofschistosomiasis by oncomelania can be controlled by properly designing water intakes which preventoncomelania from entering the farming land or residential areas. In this paper, a successful design pro-cess is reported and a new oncomelania-free intake device is demonstrated in the laboratory. The de-sign of the new intake is based on a sound research program in which an extensive experimental stud-ies have been carried out to gain knowledge of oncomelania eco-hydraulic behaviors and a detailed flowfield information is obtained through CFD simulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No:50379041)
文摘Oncemelania is the middle-parasitifer of schistosome.Controlling the oncomelania is the important way of preventing the schistosomiasis.The article mainly introduces the measurement of jet flow field’s velocity in pressure conduit by FVM numerical modeling and using high-tech PIV,and analyses the reason why the Oncemelania could sink to the bottom but not escape from the equipment named Oncemelania-free intake devices.
