BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages.Although between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is limited.Th...BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages.Although between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is limited.The inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression,and in adult MDD patients,symptom severity has been linked to chemokine levels.AIM To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers(HVs)and adolescents with MDD,and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine consume.METHODS The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale(HDRS).The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1α,MIP-1β,interleukin(IL)-8,interferon gamma-induced protein(IP)-10,and eotaxin were measured in patients and HVs.RESULTS In all cases,significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs(P<0.0001).All chemokines decreased at 4 wk,but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed(P<0.05)between 0 wk and 4 wk.In the patients,all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk,but only IP-10 did so significantly(P<0.05).All patients experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk(P<0.0001)and 8 wk(P<0.0001)compared with 0 wk.CONCLUSION Despite the consumption of fluoxetine,patients had significantly higher chemokine levels,even after considering the improvement in HDRS score.The high levels of eotaxin,IP-10,and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition,memory,and learning.展开更多
Water is an indispensable resource for sustaining life, ecosystems, and economic productivity. However, increasing contamination and pollution pose severe threats to global water purity, with significant risks to huma...Water is an indispensable resource for sustaining life, ecosystems, and economic productivity. However, increasing contamination and pollution pose severe threats to global water purity, with significant risks to human health, biodiversity, and ecosystem stability. This study examines the diverse dimensions of water purity, including its impacts on ecosystems and human health, sources of pollution, global disparities, regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements. These factors are essential in addressing the escalating threats to water quality and public health. This study also explores the complex relationship between water contamination and food security, emphasising the role of water purification in disease prevention and sustainable food systems. It underscores the critical need for effective water purification strategies, exploring challenges and potential solutions, including applications of artificial intelligence and big data. The study highlights mechanisms to enhance transparency and accountability in water resource management through an analysis of policy frameworks and innovative practices. By evaluating the effectiveness of current purification methods and regulatory standards, the study provides valuable insights for sustainable water protection initiatives. Findings from this study highlight global water access and quality disparities, and suggests the need for targeted strategies to promote equity and a coordinated, international response to safeguard water resources. This study offers robust theoretical support for environmental protection policies and advocates for stronger local capabilities in addressing regional water challenges. It delivers a comprehensive framework to mitigate pollution risks, protect biodiversity, and promote public health, underscoring the global urgency of securing clean water access.展开更多
基金Secretaria de Ciencia,Tecnología e Innovación,No.0048/2014。
文摘BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all ages.Although between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is limited.The inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression,and in adult MDD patients,symptom severity has been linked to chemokine levels.AIM To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers(HVs)and adolescents with MDD,and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine consume.METHODS The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale(HDRS).The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1α,MIP-1β,interleukin(IL)-8,interferon gamma-induced protein(IP)-10,and eotaxin were measured in patients and HVs.RESULTS In all cases,significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs(P<0.0001).All chemokines decreased at 4 wk,but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed(P<0.05)between 0 wk and 4 wk.In the patients,all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk,but only IP-10 did so significantly(P<0.05).All patients experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk(P<0.0001)and 8 wk(P<0.0001)compared with 0 wk.CONCLUSION Despite the consumption of fluoxetine,patients had significantly higher chemokine levels,even after considering the improvement in HDRS score.The high levels of eotaxin,IP-10,and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition,memory,and learning.
文摘Water is an indispensable resource for sustaining life, ecosystems, and economic productivity. However, increasing contamination and pollution pose severe threats to global water purity, with significant risks to human health, biodiversity, and ecosystem stability. This study examines the diverse dimensions of water purity, including its impacts on ecosystems and human health, sources of pollution, global disparities, regulatory frameworks, and technological advancements. These factors are essential in addressing the escalating threats to water quality and public health. This study also explores the complex relationship between water contamination and food security, emphasising the role of water purification in disease prevention and sustainable food systems. It underscores the critical need for effective water purification strategies, exploring challenges and potential solutions, including applications of artificial intelligence and big data. The study highlights mechanisms to enhance transparency and accountability in water resource management through an analysis of policy frameworks and innovative practices. By evaluating the effectiveness of current purification methods and regulatory standards, the study provides valuable insights for sustainable water protection initiatives. Findings from this study highlight global water access and quality disparities, and suggests the need for targeted strategies to promote equity and a coordinated, international response to safeguard water resources. This study offers robust theoretical support for environmental protection policies and advocates for stronger local capabilities in addressing regional water challenges. It delivers a comprehensive framework to mitigate pollution risks, protect biodiversity, and promote public health, underscoring the global urgency of securing clean water access.
