This study explores the externalities caused by managerial myopia from the perspective of carbon emissions in urban areas.Using panel data from 194 Chinese cities and 1286 listed companies from 2012 to 2021,this study...This study explores the externalities caused by managerial myopia from the perspective of carbon emissions in urban areas.Using panel data from 194 Chinese cities and 1286 listed companies from 2012 to 2021,this study empirically examines the effect of managerial myopia on urban carbon emissions.We integrate the“1+N”policy framework under China’s dual-carbon goals of peaking emssions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060,and propose a dual governance framework.The results show that managerial shortsightedness significantly contributes to urban carbon emissions,and this effect is particularly pronounced in cities with higher levels of carbon emissions and in first-and second-tier central cities.The mediating effect analysis indicate that managerial shortsightedness increases urban carbon emissions by inhibiting corporate green technological innovation.The moderating effect analysis shows that public media attention and government environmental regulation effectively mitigate the adverse impact of managerial myopia on urban carbon emissions.Theoretically,this study reveals the mechanism by which managerial shortsightedness increases urban carbon emissions by inhibiting green technology innovation and emphasizes the key roles of public media attention and government environmental regulation in mitigating this negative effect.This study provides important implications for policy rationale,especially for developing countries,for promoting green innovation and strengthening environmental governance to reduce carbon emissions.展开更多
This study investigates the use of a decision tree classification model, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to distinguish between Assam and Bhutan ethnic groups based on specific anthropometric feature...This study investigates the use of a decision tree classification model, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to distinguish between Assam and Bhutan ethnic groups based on specific anthropometric features, including age, height, tail length, hair length, bang length, reach, and earlobe type. The dataset was reduced using PCA, which identified height, reach, and age as key features contributing to variance. However, while PCA effectively reduced dimensionality, it faced challenges in clearly distinguishing between the two ethnic groups, a limitation noted in previous research. In contrast, the decision tree model performed significantly better, establishing clear decision boundaries and achieving high classification accuracy. The decision tree consistently selected Height and Reach as the most important classifiers, a finding supported by existing studies on ethnic differences in Northeast India. The results highlight the strengths of combining PCA for dimensionality reduction with decision tree models for classification tasks. While PCA alone was insufficient for optimal class separation, its integration with decision trees improved both the model’s accuracy and interpretability. Future research could explore other machine learning models to enhance classification and examine a broader set of anthropometric features for more comprehensive ethnic group classification.展开更多
Nitrogen (N) deposition to alpine forest ecosystems is increasing gradually, yet previous studies have seldom reported the effects of N inputs on soil CO2 flux in these ecosystems. Evaluating the effects of soil respi...Nitrogen (N) deposition to alpine forest ecosystems is increasing gradually, yet previous studies have seldom reported the effects of N inputs on soil CO2 flux in these ecosystems. Evaluating the effects of soil respiration on N addition is of great significance for understanding soil carbon (C) budgets along N gradients in forest ecosystems. In this study, four levels of N (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha^-1 a^-1) were added to soil in a Picea baifouriana and an Abies georgei natural forest on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effect of the N inputs on soil respiration. N addition stimulated total soil respiration (Rt) and its components including heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and autotrophic respiration (Ra);however, the promoted effects declined with an increase in N application in two coniferous forests. Soil respiration rate was a little greater in the spruce forest (1.05 μmol CO2 m^-2 s^-1) than that in the fir forest (0.97 μmol CO2 m^-2 s^-1). A repeated measures ANOVA indicated that N fertilization had significant effects on Rt and its components in the spruce forest and Rt in the fir forest, but had no obvious effect on Rh or Ra in the fir forest. Rt and its components had significant exponential relationships with soil temperature in both forests. N addition also increased temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rt and its components in the two coniferous forests, but the promotion declined as N in put increased. Important, soil moisture had great effects on Rt and its components in the spruce forest (P<0.05), but no obvious impacts were observed in the fir forest (P>0.05). Following N fertilization, Ra was significantly and positively related to fine root biomass, while Rh was related to soil enzymatic activities in both forests. The mechanisms underlying the effect of simulated N deposition on soil respiration and its components in this study may help in forecasting C cycling in alpine forests under future levels of reactive N deposition.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the quality of life(QOL)and level of depression among participants with high myopia in Nigeria and the demographic factors associated with these outcomes.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducte...AIM:To evaluate the quality of life(QOL)and level of depression among participants with high myopia in Nigeria and the demographic factors associated with these outcomes.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 adult participants with high myopia(defined as refractive error≤-5.00 D or worse,and uncorrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better seeing eye)attending ophthalmology centres in Nigeria from 2 October 2021 to 30 August 2022.The means and standard deviations were calculated for each of the four domains of World Health Organization Quality of life scale(WHOQOL-BREF)using the transformed scores.The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)scale was used to assess the level of depression.RESULTS:The highest and the lowest mean scores of WHOQOL-BREF domains were found for the psychological and physical health domains(mean percentage scores were 67.0[95% confidence intervals(CI)64.1-68.9]and 55.3(95%CI 51.8-58.8,P<0.001),respectively.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed significant differences in physical health with educational status(higher among those with tertiary education:mean difference 0.9,95%CI-0.2-2.1;P=0.049),differences in psychological health with working status(higher among those who were working 1.2,95%CI 0.3-2.1;P=0.012).Also,the result showed a statistically significant association between environmental health and marital status(higher among non-married:1.7,95%CI-0.9-2.3;P=0.012)while overall health was associated with place of residence(higher in urban areas:2.3,95%CI 1.2-3.5;P=0.024).For depression,one in every nine participants reported major depressive symptom,mostly younger people(aged 16-29 vs 30-49y:17.0%vs 0,P=0.019),and slightly more women than men(14.3%vs 0,P=0.064).There were significant negative correlations between the depression scores and psychological health(r=-0.48,P<0.001),physical health(r=-0.29,P=0.002),social and relationship(r=-0.49,P<0.001),environmental(r=-0.48,P<0.001)and overall health(r=-0.49,P<0.001)CONCLUSION:People with high myopia have a relatively moderate QOL,but poor physical health,particularly the younger age group,and women who are more likely to experience clinically relevant depression.Eye care professionals should consider possible referrals for counselling for people with high myopia.展开更多
In this paper,we consider the forced neutral advanced dynamic equations with positive and negative coeffcients[x(t)-R(t)x(t+r)]+P(t)x(t+τ)△Q(t)x(t+δ)= f(t),t≥t0 on a time scale T.Several suffcient conditions are o...In this paper,we consider the forced neutral advanced dynamic equations with positive and negative coeffcients[x(t)-R(t)x(t+r)]+P(t)x(t+τ)△Q(t)x(t+δ)= f(t),t≥t0 on a time scale T.Several suffcient conditions are obtained for the oscillation of the dynamic equations.The main result is illustrated by an example.展开更多
It is the important part of historical institutionalism to explore the reason of the changes of institutions,which includes key issues of historical institutionalism—why do institutions change?How do institutions pla...It is the important part of historical institutionalism to explore the reason of the changes of institutions,which includes key issues of historical institutionalism—why do institutions change?How do institutions play a new role through changing?As far as the reason of the changes is concerned,there are social reasons,economic reasons,technological reasons as well as concept reasons.Being part of the China’s civil law system,the possession institution unexceptionally experiences changing process of establishment,amendment,reform and innovation.This paper attempts to analyze the reason of the changes of the possession institution from the perspective of institutional change theory of the historical institutionalism,giving historical explanation of institutional changes and putting forward historical interpretation and support for the perfection of the contemporary possession institution.展开更多
Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations,the following conclusions are obtained.The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordan...Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations,the following conclusions are obtained.The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordance with the demands of market-oriented economy.The rural cooperative economic organizations can benefit from sharing the knight service provided by the government;from reducing and avoiding various kinds of risks in operation and from applying the agricultural technology and standardization production.Besides,the organizations can share the profits bought along by the standardized production of agricultural production and their members can enjoy the profits bought by socialized service system.In addition,the rural cooperative economic organizations can enjoy the profits produced by the agricultural management integration strategy.What' more,they can increase profits by reducing the transaction costs;enlarging scale and enjoying the brand advantages.The analyses of the costs of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations mainly include the organizing costs,operation costs,restriction costs and cooperation costs.We think that the slow development of rural cooperative economic organizations is caused by their high operation cost and the impediment of external environment.In the end,the countermeasures on strengthening the research on the theory,promotion,education and training of rural economic cooperative organizations and intensifying the supports on the policies of rural economic cooperative organizations are put forward.展开更多
Shared ideas wield a decisive influence on a country's external behavior. How China's rise will impact the world is determined by ideas shared by the international community. The identity and role of an emergi...Shared ideas wield a decisive influence on a country's external behavior. How China's rise will impact the world is determined by ideas shared by the international community. The identity and role of an emerging China is shaped not merely by its own material factors and subjective efforts. It is also constructed through China's interaction with other countries. The idea of a harmonious culture may eliminate international concerns about China's rise at the root, but this culture needs to be constructed by all the countries in the world.展开更多
The protection of human rights inherently related to modern state-governance. On the one hand, human rights protection is the foundation and criteria for modern state-governance, characterized by democracy, rule of la...The protection of human rights inherently related to modern state-governance. On the one hand, human rights protection is the foundation and criteria for modern state-governance, characterized by democracy, rule of law and civility, with human rights as a cross-cutting theme in all these elements. On the other hand, human rights protection provides conditions and motives for modernizing state governance. Human rights are pursued as a fundamental value in modern state-governance. Human rights protection is also a driving force for good governance and a touchstone for the modernity of governance.展开更多
In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum...In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum to crack down and prevent the violent acts of extremist forces. As one of the countries that is the victim of violence by extremists, China has taken a series of measures to tackle the challenges of violent extremism. As President Xi Jinping has pointed out, 'the realization of the full enjoyment of human rights by human beings is the common goal of human society.' While establishing a community of common destiny for all mankind, the international community should take action to effectively address the root causes of violent extremism, maintain a peaceful and secure development environment, and defend the basic human rights and well-being of all peoples, so as to ensure a safe and brighter future for all.展开更多
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a manifesto for the rights of the disabled. It establishes the values and concepts, the guidelines for action, and the system of rules for th...The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a manifesto for the rights of the disabled. It establishes the values and concepts, the guidelines for action, and the system of rules for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities worldwide. As one of the main drafting countries and the first signatories of the Convention, China has been actively implementing the principles of the Convention and faithfully fulfilling the responsibilities of a signatory party, and has made great achievements in building up its legal system, policy and culture. However, compared with the goals of the Convention, there still exist some gaps in rights awareness, social environment and related systems. Guided by the spirit of the Convention, and taking into account China’s national conditions, the country will continue to cultivate its human rights culture, upgrade its capability to provide public services for people with disabilities, improve the construction of barrier-free environments, guarantee the full realization of the survival, development and participation rights of the disabled, and establish a new mode of protecting the human rights of persons with disabilities in China.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the barriers affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among ethnic minorities and to propose strategies to strengthen government initiatives for inclusive vaccination. Grounded in social construct...This study aimed to explore the barriers affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among ethnic minorities and to propose strategies to strengthen government initiatives for inclusive vaccination. Grounded in social constructivism, this qualitative study was conducted in the greater Sylhet Division, where many ethnic communities live. Using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 49 participants, including ethnic men and women, community leaders, and healthcare providers. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted to ensure data validation, and the results were analyzed using thematic analysis, which revealed several factors, such as free vaccinations, media, close community-knit healthcare centers, informal communication that positively influenced vaccine uptake, such as awareness campaigns, informal communication, media involvement, and free vaccine availability. However, socio-economic and technological barriers pose significant challenges, including misconceptions about vaccines, limited access to technology, long distances to vaccination centers, inconvenient service hours, and reliance on traditional medicine. To promote inclusive vaccination, the study recommends establishing localized vaccine camps, improving technological infrastructure such as the Internet and network access, enhancing communication strategies, providing special services for women, the elderly and disabled individuals, and ensuring a reliable vaccine supply. Future researchers could apply longitudinal studies, including a lager study area and broader range of participants to address the missing perspectives in the current study.展开更多
In the digital music landscape, the accuracy and response speed of music recommendation systems (MRS) are crucial for user experience optimization. Traditional MRS often relies on the use of high-performance servers f...In the digital music landscape, the accuracy and response speed of music recommendation systems (MRS) are crucial for user experience optimization. Traditional MRS often relies on the use of high-performance servers for large-scale training to produce recommendation results, which may result in the inability to achieve music recommendation in some areas due to substandard hardware conditions. This study evaluates the adaptability of four popular machine learning algorithms (K-means clustering, fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering, hierarchical clustering, and self-organizing map (SOM)) on low-computing servers. Our comparative analysis highlights that while K-means and FCM are robust in high-performance settings, they underperform in low-power scenarios where SOM excels, delivering fast and reliable recommendations with minimal computational overhead. This research addresses a gap in the literature by providing a detailed comparative analysis of MRS algorithms, offering practical insights for implementing adaptive MRS in technologically diverse environments. We conclude with strategic recommendations for emerging streaming services in resource-constrained settings, emphasizing the need for scalable solutions that balance cost and performance. This study advocates an adaptive selection of recommendation algorithms to manage operational costs effectively and accommodate growth.展开更多
Survey studies have consistently shown strong public support for biodiversity conservation,even though conservation regulations often face strong local resistance when they are implemented.This seemingly contradictory...Survey studies have consistently shown strong public support for biodiversity conservation,even though conservation regulations often face strong local resistance when they are implemented.This seemingly contradictory phenomenon is due to the fact that previous polls have sought opinion only in the abstract,yet many conservation measures are implemented at the expense of local economic development,and policymakers often face a‘Conservation-Development Tradeoff’-a policy dilemma that remains understudied by social scientists.To fill this gap,this study conducts one of the first comparative surveys on public support for biodiversity conservation in China and the United States.I measure public support for conservation using two separate question versions online.The‘regular version’asks directly about individual support for biodiversity conservation,and the“tradeoff version”asks the same question but in the context of the policy tradeoff.The results show that both American and Chinese citizens are highly supportive of conservation in the abstract.But after they learn about the tradeoff effect,the aggregate support falls sharply,and the Chinese citizens show significantly less support compared to their American counterparts.The survey findings expanded on existing academic research on public attitudes toward conservation policies and can encourage future conservation policymakers to understand the significance of the tradeoff issue,as conventional wisdom may have overestimated public support for biodiversity conservation.Moreover,as China has become a crucial player in global conservation governance,understanding the Chinese public sentiment on the real-world policy dilemma can have important implications for conservation policymaking in the world.展开更多
It has been more than forty years since the diplomatic relations between China and Japan became normalized. Nevertheiess, instead of getting more stable and mature, Sino-Japanese relations have been confronted with mo...It has been more than forty years since the diplomatic relations between China and Japan became normalized. Nevertheiess, instead of getting more stable and mature, Sino-Japanese relations have been confronted with more conflicts. Japan takes main responsibility for delaying and holding back the two countries＇ diplomatic relations. In order to make more rational inferences concerning the future development tendencies of Sino-Japanese relations, we should focus on exploring previous Japanese policies towards China and analyzing major factors that have impact on the decisions of the Japanese authorities.展开更多
Seventy years ago, China and the world Anti-Fascist Allies won the great victory of the Anti-Fascist War. As the main battlefield on the eastern front, the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggressi...Seventy years ago, China and the world Anti-Fascist Allies won the great victory of the Anti-Fascist War. As the main battlefield on the eastern front, the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression made indelible contributions to the final victory of the World Anti-Fascist War. The Chinese people threw themselves in the War of Resistance for fourteen years. China suffered over 35 million casualties, but its people made great contributions. In the post-war era, as the world’s most populous developing country, China attaches great importance to the protection of human rights by rule of law, follows the path of peaceful development, remains a staunch force in maintaining world peace, and makes outstanding contributions in achieving world peace and human rights protection.展开更多
The idea of this paper is inspired by the dismal experience and lessons from the initially ineffective global(WHO-led)response to the 2014-2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic.It charts the evolution of global healt...The idea of this paper is inspired by the dismal experience and lessons from the initially ineffective global(WHO-led)response to the 2014-2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic.It charts the evolution of global health policy and governance in the post-World War II international order to the current post-2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals era.In order to respond adequately existing and emerging health and development challenges across developing regions,the paper argues that global health governance and related structures and institutions must adapt to changing socio-economic circumstances at all levels of decision-making.Against the background of a changing world order characterised by the decline of US-led Western international liberalism and the rise of the emerging nations in the developing world,it identifies the 4 Rising Powers'(RPs)among the emerging economies and their soft power diplomacy and international development cooperation strategy as important tools for responding to post-2015 global health challenges.Based on analysis of illustrative examples from the'BRICS;a group of large emerging economies-Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa-the paper develops suggestions and recommendations for the RPs with respect to:(1)stimulating innovation in global health governance and(2)strengthening health systems and health security at country and regional levels.Observing that current deliberations on global health focus largely,but rather narrowly,on what resource inputs are needed to achieve the SDG health targets,this paper goes further and highlights the importance of the in terms of a leadership and driving role for the RPs:How can the RPs champion global governance reform and innovation aimed at producing strong,resilient and equitable global systems?How can the RPs use soft power diplomacy to enhance disease surveillance and detection capacities and to promote improved regional and international coordination in response to health threats?How can they provide incentives for investment in R&D and manufacturing of medicines to tackle neglected and poverty-related diseases in developing countries?展开更多
What began as a downturn in the US housing sector in the summer of 2007 had mushroomed into a global financial crisis by September 2008： the most severe since the 1930s. Developing countries, including China and Indi...What began as a downturn in the US housing sector in the summer of 2007 had mushroomed into a global financial crisis by September 2008： the most severe since the 1930s. Developing countries, including China and India, at first seemingly sheltered from the worst of the turmoil, have not been immune to the contagion＇s spillover effects. What are China and India＇s precise vulnerabilities, and what can each do to better insulate their economies from the vagaries of global financial marker turmoil？ Equally important, what long-term strategies must each country adopt to make their economies more resilient to global market downturns？展开更多
How,if at all,are rising powers challenging the existing normative basis of global governance orders?This introduction establishes the overarching framework fbr the papers in this special issue,and outlines the questi...How,if at all,are rising powers challenging the existing normative basis of global governance orders?This introduction establishes the overarching framework fbr the papers in this special issue,and outlines the questions that they collectively aim to answer.展开更多
A powerful discourse centered on China＇s civilizational subjectivity has emerged in the Sinophone intellectual world since the early 2000s. Among many promoters of this intellectual trend, Gan Yang, together with his...A powerful discourse centered on China＇s civilizational subjectivity has emerged in the Sinophone intellectual world since the early 2000s. Among many promoters of this intellectual trend, Gan Yang, together with his slogan of the ＂fusion of three traditions,＂ is indeed most influential. This study employs Lacanian psychoanalytic technics to tackle Gan Yang＇s thesis, treating the latter not just an object for textual analysis, but more deeply （and fruitfully）, that for psychoanalysis. The findings of the study reveal the presence of a fantasmatic structure framing and guaranteeing Gan＇s （sharply inconsistent） vision of China＇s civilizational subjectivity. Such fantasmatic formation can be referred to as the ＂Great Dragon fantasy＂-a fantasy about China＇s civilizational unity and glory.展开更多
基金supported by the Project of the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund[Grant No.24YJC 790245].
文摘This study explores the externalities caused by managerial myopia from the perspective of carbon emissions in urban areas.Using panel data from 194 Chinese cities and 1286 listed companies from 2012 to 2021,this study empirically examines the effect of managerial myopia on urban carbon emissions.We integrate the“1+N”policy framework under China’s dual-carbon goals of peaking emssions by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2060,and propose a dual governance framework.The results show that managerial shortsightedness significantly contributes to urban carbon emissions,and this effect is particularly pronounced in cities with higher levels of carbon emissions and in first-and second-tier central cities.The mediating effect analysis indicate that managerial shortsightedness increases urban carbon emissions by inhibiting corporate green technological innovation.The moderating effect analysis shows that public media attention and government environmental regulation effectively mitigate the adverse impact of managerial myopia on urban carbon emissions.Theoretically,this study reveals the mechanism by which managerial shortsightedness increases urban carbon emissions by inhibiting green technology innovation and emphasizes the key roles of public media attention and government environmental regulation in mitigating this negative effect.This study provides important implications for policy rationale,especially for developing countries,for promoting green innovation and strengthening environmental governance to reduce carbon emissions.
文摘This study investigates the use of a decision tree classification model, combined with Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to distinguish between Assam and Bhutan ethnic groups based on specific anthropometric features, including age, height, tail length, hair length, bang length, reach, and earlobe type. The dataset was reduced using PCA, which identified height, reach, and age as key features contributing to variance. However, while PCA effectively reduced dimensionality, it faced challenges in clearly distinguishing between the two ethnic groups, a limitation noted in previous research. In contrast, the decision tree model performed significantly better, establishing clear decision boundaries and achieving high classification accuracy. The decision tree consistently selected Height and Reach as the most important classifiers, a finding supported by existing studies on ethnic differences in Northeast India. The results highlight the strengths of combining PCA for dimensionality reduction with decision tree models for classification tasks. While PCA alone was insufficient for optimal class separation, its integration with decision trees improved both the model’s accuracy and interpretability. Future research could explore other machine learning models to enhance classification and examine a broader set of anthropometric features for more comprehensive ethnic group classification.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Research Project for Frontier Science(QYZDJ-SSW-DQC006)by the ‘‘Strategic Priority Research Program’’ of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA01020304)
文摘Nitrogen (N) deposition to alpine forest ecosystems is increasing gradually, yet previous studies have seldom reported the effects of N inputs on soil CO2 flux in these ecosystems. Evaluating the effects of soil respiration on N addition is of great significance for understanding soil carbon (C) budgets along N gradients in forest ecosystems. In this study, four levels of N (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha^-1 a^-1) were added to soil in a Picea baifouriana and an Abies georgei natural forest on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effect of the N inputs on soil respiration. N addition stimulated total soil respiration (Rt) and its components including heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and autotrophic respiration (Ra);however, the promoted effects declined with an increase in N application in two coniferous forests. Soil respiration rate was a little greater in the spruce forest (1.05 μmol CO2 m^-2 s^-1) than that in the fir forest (0.97 μmol CO2 m^-2 s^-1). A repeated measures ANOVA indicated that N fertilization had significant effects on Rt and its components in the spruce forest and Rt in the fir forest, but had no obvious effect on Rh or Ra in the fir forest. Rt and its components had significant exponential relationships with soil temperature in both forests. N addition also increased temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rt and its components in the two coniferous forests, but the promotion declined as N in put increased. Important, soil moisture had great effects on Rt and its components in the spruce forest (P<0.05), but no obvious impacts were observed in the fir forest (P>0.05). Following N fertilization, Ra was significantly and positively related to fine root biomass, while Rh was related to soil enzymatic activities in both forests. The mechanisms underlying the effect of simulated N deposition on soil respiration and its components in this study may help in forecasting C cycling in alpine forests under future levels of reactive N deposition.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the quality of life(QOL)and level of depression among participants with high myopia in Nigeria and the demographic factors associated with these outcomes.METHODS:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 adult participants with high myopia(defined as refractive error≤-5.00 D or worse,and uncorrected visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better seeing eye)attending ophthalmology centres in Nigeria from 2 October 2021 to 30 August 2022.The means and standard deviations were calculated for each of the four domains of World Health Organization Quality of life scale(WHOQOL-BREF)using the transformed scores.The Beck Depression Inventory(BDI)scale was used to assess the level of depression.RESULTS:The highest and the lowest mean scores of WHOQOL-BREF domains were found for the psychological and physical health domains(mean percentage scores were 67.0[95% confidence intervals(CI)64.1-68.9]and 55.3(95%CI 51.8-58.8,P<0.001),respectively.One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)revealed significant differences in physical health with educational status(higher among those with tertiary education:mean difference 0.9,95%CI-0.2-2.1;P=0.049),differences in psychological health with working status(higher among those who were working 1.2,95%CI 0.3-2.1;P=0.012).Also,the result showed a statistically significant association between environmental health and marital status(higher among non-married:1.7,95%CI-0.9-2.3;P=0.012)while overall health was associated with place of residence(higher in urban areas:2.3,95%CI 1.2-3.5;P=0.024).For depression,one in every nine participants reported major depressive symptom,mostly younger people(aged 16-29 vs 30-49y:17.0%vs 0,P=0.019),and slightly more women than men(14.3%vs 0,P=0.064).There were significant negative correlations between the depression scores and psychological health(r=-0.48,P<0.001),physical health(r=-0.29,P=0.002),social and relationship(r=-0.49,P<0.001),environmental(r=-0.48,P<0.001)and overall health(r=-0.49,P<0.001)CONCLUSION:People with high myopia have a relatively moderate QOL,but poor physical health,particularly the younger age group,and women who are more likely to experience clinically relevant depression.Eye care professionals should consider possible referrals for counselling for people with high myopia.
基金Supported by the the NNSF of China（60404022 60604004） Supported by the Special Projects in Mathematics Funded by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province（07M005）
文摘In this paper,we consider the forced neutral advanced dynamic equations with positive and negative coeffcients[x(t)-R(t)x(t+r)]+P(t)x(t+τ)△Q(t)x(t+δ)= f(t),t≥t0 on a time scale T.Several suffcient conditions are obtained for the oscillation of the dynamic equations.The main result is illustrated by an example.
基金the staged achievement of the youth project of the education department of Hunan Province-“Research on the Legal Protection of Possession and Legislation Construction”(No.:10B083)
文摘It is the important part of historical institutionalism to explore the reason of the changes of institutions,which includes key issues of historical institutionalism—why do institutions change?How do institutions play a new role through changing?As far as the reason of the changes is concerned,there are social reasons,economic reasons,technological reasons as well as concept reasons.Being part of the China’s civil law system,the possession institution unexceptionally experiences changing process of establishment,amendment,reform and innovation.This paper attempts to analyze the reason of the changes of the possession institution from the perspective of institutional change theory of the historical institutionalism,giving historical explanation of institutional changes and putting forward historical interpretation and support for the perfection of the contemporary possession institution.
基金Supported by Science Plan Program of Shaanxi Province(2009KRM51)
文摘Through analyzing the economic profits of rural cooperative economic organizations,the following conclusions are obtained.The rural cooperative economic organizations can get the economic profits which are in accordance with the demands of market-oriented economy.The rural cooperative economic organizations can benefit from sharing the knight service provided by the government;from reducing and avoiding various kinds of risks in operation and from applying the agricultural technology and standardization production.Besides,the organizations can share the profits bought along by the standardized production of agricultural production and their members can enjoy the profits bought by socialized service system.In addition,the rural cooperative economic organizations can enjoy the profits produced by the agricultural management integration strategy.What' more,they can increase profits by reducing the transaction costs;enlarging scale and enjoying the brand advantages.The analyses of the costs of the development of rural cooperative economic organizations mainly include the organizing costs,operation costs,restriction costs and cooperation costs.We think that the slow development of rural cooperative economic organizations is caused by their high operation cost and the impediment of external environment.In the end,the countermeasures on strengthening the research on the theory,promotion,education and training of rural economic cooperative organizations and intensifying the supports on the policies of rural economic cooperative organizations are put forward.
文摘Shared ideas wield a decisive influence on a country's external behavior. How China's rise will impact the world is determined by ideas shared by the international community. The identity and role of an emerging China is shaped not merely by its own material factors and subjective efforts. It is also constructed through China's interaction with other countries. The idea of a harmonious culture may eliminate international concerns about China's rise at the root, but this culture needs to be constructed by all the countries in the world.
文摘The protection of human rights inherently related to modern state-governance. On the one hand, human rights protection is the foundation and criteria for modern state-governance, characterized by democracy, rule of law and civility, with human rights as a cross-cutting theme in all these elements. On the other hand, human rights protection provides conditions and motives for modernizing state governance. Human rights are pursued as a fundamental value in modern state-governance. Human rights protection is also a driving force for good governance and a touchstone for the modernity of governance.
文摘In the context of globalization, violent extremist forces pose a serious threat to the fundamental human rights of the people all over the world. Strengthening human rights protection requires reinforcing the momentum to crack down and prevent the violent acts of extremist forces. As one of the countries that is the victim of violence by extremists, China has taken a series of measures to tackle the challenges of violent extremism. As President Xi Jinping has pointed out, 'the realization of the full enjoyment of human rights by human beings is the common goal of human society.' While establishing a community of common destiny for all mankind, the international community should take action to effectively address the root causes of violent extremism, maintain a peaceful and secure development environment, and defend the basic human rights and well-being of all peoples, so as to ensure a safe and brighter future for all.
文摘The United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is a manifesto for the rights of the disabled. It establishes the values and concepts, the guidelines for action, and the system of rules for the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities worldwide. As one of the main drafting countries and the first signatories of the Convention, China has been actively implementing the principles of the Convention and faithfully fulfilling the responsibilities of a signatory party, and has made great achievements in building up its legal system, policy and culture. However, compared with the goals of the Convention, there still exist some gaps in rights awareness, social environment and related systems. Guided by the spirit of the Convention, and taking into account China’s national conditions, the country will continue to cultivate its human rights culture, upgrade its capability to provide public services for people with disabilities, improve the construction of barrier-free environments, guarantee the full realization of the survival, development and participation rights of the disabled, and establish a new mode of protecting the human rights of persons with disabilities in China.
文摘This study aimed to explore the barriers affecting COVID-19 vaccine uptake among ethnic minorities and to propose strategies to strengthen government initiatives for inclusive vaccination. Grounded in social constructivism, this qualitative study was conducted in the greater Sylhet Division, where many ethnic communities live. Using purposive sampling, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 49 participants, including ethnic men and women, community leaders, and healthcare providers. Two focus group discussions (FGDs) were also conducted to ensure data validation, and the results were analyzed using thematic analysis, which revealed several factors, such as free vaccinations, media, close community-knit healthcare centers, informal communication that positively influenced vaccine uptake, such as awareness campaigns, informal communication, media involvement, and free vaccine availability. However, socio-economic and technological barriers pose significant challenges, including misconceptions about vaccines, limited access to technology, long distances to vaccination centers, inconvenient service hours, and reliance on traditional medicine. To promote inclusive vaccination, the study recommends establishing localized vaccine camps, improving technological infrastructure such as the Internet and network access, enhancing communication strategies, providing special services for women, the elderly and disabled individuals, and ensuring a reliable vaccine supply. Future researchers could apply longitudinal studies, including a lager study area and broader range of participants to address the missing perspectives in the current study.
文摘In the digital music landscape, the accuracy and response speed of music recommendation systems (MRS) are crucial for user experience optimization. Traditional MRS often relies on the use of high-performance servers for large-scale training to produce recommendation results, which may result in the inability to achieve music recommendation in some areas due to substandard hardware conditions. This study evaluates the adaptability of four popular machine learning algorithms (K-means clustering, fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering, hierarchical clustering, and self-organizing map (SOM)) on low-computing servers. Our comparative analysis highlights that while K-means and FCM are robust in high-performance settings, they underperform in low-power scenarios where SOM excels, delivering fast and reliable recommendations with minimal computational overhead. This research addresses a gap in the literature by providing a detailed comparative analysis of MRS algorithms, offering practical insights for implementing adaptive MRS in technologically diverse environments. We conclude with strategic recommendations for emerging streaming services in resource-constrained settings, emphasizing the need for scalable solutions that balance cost and performance. This study advocates an adaptive selection of recommendation algorithms to manage operational costs effectively and accommodate growth.
文摘Survey studies have consistently shown strong public support for biodiversity conservation,even though conservation regulations often face strong local resistance when they are implemented.This seemingly contradictory phenomenon is due to the fact that previous polls have sought opinion only in the abstract,yet many conservation measures are implemented at the expense of local economic development,and policymakers often face a‘Conservation-Development Tradeoff’-a policy dilemma that remains understudied by social scientists.To fill this gap,this study conducts one of the first comparative surveys on public support for biodiversity conservation in China and the United States.I measure public support for conservation using two separate question versions online.The‘regular version’asks directly about individual support for biodiversity conservation,and the“tradeoff version”asks the same question but in the context of the policy tradeoff.The results show that both American and Chinese citizens are highly supportive of conservation in the abstract.But after they learn about the tradeoff effect,the aggregate support falls sharply,and the Chinese citizens show significantly less support compared to their American counterparts.The survey findings expanded on existing academic research on public attitudes toward conservation policies and can encourage future conservation policymakers to understand the significance of the tradeoff issue,as conventional wisdom may have overestimated public support for biodiversity conservation.Moreover,as China has become a crucial player in global conservation governance,understanding the Chinese public sentiment on the real-world policy dilemma can have important implications for conservation policymaking in the world.
文摘It has been more than forty years since the diplomatic relations between China and Japan became normalized. Nevertheiess, instead of getting more stable and mature, Sino-Japanese relations have been confronted with more conflicts. Japan takes main responsibility for delaying and holding back the two countries＇ diplomatic relations. In order to make more rational inferences concerning the future development tendencies of Sino-Japanese relations, we should focus on exploring previous Japanese policies towards China and analyzing major factors that have impact on the decisions of the Japanese authorities.
文摘Seventy years ago, China and the world Anti-Fascist Allies won the great victory of the Anti-Fascist War. As the main battlefield on the eastern front, the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression made indelible contributions to the final victory of the World Anti-Fascist War. The Chinese people threw themselves in the War of Resistance for fourteen years. China suffered over 35 million casualties, but its people made great contributions. In the post-war era, as the world’s most populous developing country, China attaches great importance to the protection of human rights by rule of law, follows the path of peaceful development, remains a staunch force in maintaining world peace, and makes outstanding contributions in achieving world peace and human rights protection.
文摘The idea of this paper is inspired by the dismal experience and lessons from the initially ineffective global(WHO-led)response to the 2014-2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic.It charts the evolution of global health policy and governance in the post-World War II international order to the current post-2015 UN Sustainable Development Goals era.In order to respond adequately existing and emerging health and development challenges across developing regions,the paper argues that global health governance and related structures and institutions must adapt to changing socio-economic circumstances at all levels of decision-making.Against the background of a changing world order characterised by the decline of US-led Western international liberalism and the rise of the emerging nations in the developing world,it identifies the 4 Rising Powers'(RPs)among the emerging economies and their soft power diplomacy and international development cooperation strategy as important tools for responding to post-2015 global health challenges.Based on analysis of illustrative examples from the'BRICS;a group of large emerging economies-Brazil,Russia,India,China and South Africa-the paper develops suggestions and recommendations for the RPs with respect to:(1)stimulating innovation in global health governance and(2)strengthening health systems and health security at country and regional levels.Observing that current deliberations on global health focus largely,but rather narrowly,on what resource inputs are needed to achieve the SDG health targets,this paper goes further and highlights the importance of the in terms of a leadership and driving role for the RPs:How can the RPs champion global governance reform and innovation aimed at producing strong,resilient and equitable global systems?How can the RPs use soft power diplomacy to enhance disease surveillance and detection capacities and to promote improved regional and international coordination in response to health threats?How can they provide incentives for investment in R&D and manufacturing of medicines to tackle neglected and poverty-related diseases in developing countries?
文摘What began as a downturn in the US housing sector in the summer of 2007 had mushroomed into a global financial crisis by September 2008： the most severe since the 1930s. Developing countries, including China and India, at first seemingly sheltered from the worst of the turmoil, have not been immune to the contagion＇s spillover effects. What are China and India＇s precise vulnerabilities, and what can each do to better insulate their economies from the vagaries of global financial marker turmoil？ Equally important, what long-term strategies must each country adopt to make their economies more resilient to global market downturns？
基金supported by funding from Fudan Institute for Advanced Studies in Social Sciencesfunded by a Leverhulme Trust Major Research Fellowship(No.MRF-2016-103)on"China Risen:What is Global Power(and in What Ways Does China Have it)?"。
文摘How,if at all,are rising powers challenging the existing normative basis of global governance orders?This introduction establishes the overarching framework fbr the papers in this special issue,and outlines the questions that they collectively aim to answer.
文摘A powerful discourse centered on China＇s civilizational subjectivity has emerged in the Sinophone intellectual world since the early 2000s. Among many promoters of this intellectual trend, Gan Yang, together with his slogan of the ＂fusion of three traditions,＂ is indeed most influential. This study employs Lacanian psychoanalytic technics to tackle Gan Yang＇s thesis, treating the latter not just an object for textual analysis, but more deeply （and fruitfully）, that for psychoanalysis. The findings of the study reveal the presence of a fantasmatic structure framing and guaranteeing Gan＇s （sharply inconsistent） vision of China＇s civilizational subjectivity. Such fantasmatic formation can be referred to as the ＂Great Dragon fantasy＂-a fantasy about China＇s civilizational unity and glory.
