Two types of sampling plots of seabuckthom （Hippophae rhamnoides） communities were investigated in Pengyang County of Ningxia region by a typical sampling method to study the characteristics of community structure a...Two types of sampling plots of seabuckthom （Hippophae rhamnoides） communities were investigated in Pengyang County of Ningxia region by a typical sampling method to study the characteristics of community structure and biodiversity. Composition and dominant species of each community were analyzed by the importance value of species as an index. The number of individuals and the importance value, as well as Sorensen＇s similarity coefficient, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou＇s evenness index and Simpson＇s dominance index, were used as indices to compare characteristics of community structure, similarity and biodiversity between plantations and natural forests of seabuckthom. The results indicate that the importance values of species of natural seabuckthom communities were dispersed and the difference between dominant species was not statistically significant. Diversity indices of natural seabuckthom communities reflected by species richness and evenness were higher than that of plantations. Community structure of natural seabuckthom forests is more complex. We propose that natural forest can be used as sample to guide selection of plant species in silviculture in order to improve biodiversity of plantation.展开更多
Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers...Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers and Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun were found. I. nitidus occurs naturally in northwest China. I. shangrila is a new species in the world. In the past, it was confused with I. mannsfeldi Wachtl in China. The damage of these two Ips species has been very severe in Maixiu and the morphological and bio-logical characteristics were studied. I. nitidus starts to fly in early May and prefers the mid to lower part of the host tree to colonize as its habitat. I. shangrila always infests from the top of the trunk, especially in branches larger than 3 cm in diameter in the crowns and sometimes even colonizes entire young trees. The two Ips species are the most destructive secondary bark beetles on P. crassifolia and always cause mortality of trees by their cooperation.展开更多
In Hungary, black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） is one of the most important exotic species, forming entire stands. Its importance is increasing in many other countries. As a result of a new selection program eig...In Hungary, black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） is one of the most important exotic species, forming entire stands. Its importance is increasing in many other countries. As a result of a new selection program eight black lo- cust clones have been improved for establishing clone trials and a seed orchard. In this study juvenile growth and stem quality of micropropagated clones of black locust were evaluated on a marginal site in central Hungary. At ten years old, the clones ＇MB17D3/4＇ and ＇PV201E2/4＇ appeared to be especially promising for high quality wood production under arid hydrological conditions. A tissue culture method can be considered a suitable tool of propagating superior individual trees and offers new prospects for the rapid cloning of selected genotypes.展开更多
West Sumatera is one of the largest mangosteen production centers in Indonesia.After the 2019 harvest season,there were variations in fruit production and quality which indicated symptoms of zinc(Zn)deficiency.This stu...West Sumatera is one of the largest mangosteen production centers in Indonesia.After the 2019 harvest season,there were variations in fruit production and quality which indicated symptoms of zinc(Zn)deficiency.This study evaluates the status of Zn for increasing the production and quality of mangosteen fruit Ratu Kamang cv.The study was conducting using the observation method in Lima Puluh Kota,West Sumatera from January to December 2020.This study used ten mangosteen trees aged 23 years in three locations selected purposively.Parameters observed included soil properties,leaf nutrients,number of fruits;fruit,rind,aril and seed weights,percentage of fruit scars(FS)and percentage of fruit contaminated with yellow sap(YSC).The relationship between Zn concentration in leaves and fruit production and quality was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and regression models.The results showed that Zn played a role in increasing the production and quality of man-gosteen fruit at certain concentration ranges in the leaves.Zinc concentrations of 23.45–30.00 mg/kg play a role in increasing production,while Zn concentrations of 26.29–30.29 mg/kg play a role in increasing quality.The lowest incidence of FS and YSC was found in trees with Zn concentration in the leaves between 30.00–32.00 mg/kg.Zinc concentration in the leaves of 30.00 mg/kg was the critical concentration in increasing the production and quality of mangosteen fruit under local cultivation conditions.Zinc has an antagonistic relationship to iron(Fe)and cop-per(Cu)in leaf tissue.展开更多
The modern concept of meeting the customer’s requirements in better products at low costs in a sustainable manner is possible only through innovative methods.The nodal cutting technique is the most widely used method...The modern concept of meeting the customer’s requirements in better products at low costs in a sustainable manner is possible only through innovative methods.The nodal cutting technique is the most widely used method for large scale propagation of Casuarina,Eucalyptus and other pulpwood species in India.Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited(TNPL)has started large scale multiplication of Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.using mini-cutting technique from indoor clonal mini hedges raised in sand beds.When compared to stem/nodal cuttings,indoor clonal mini hedges raised in sand beds improve the rooting potential,quality of root systems and are time-and cost-saving.The productivity of cuttings is increased five times in indoor clonal hedge orchard than conventional stem/nodal cutting.The rooting percentage also improved to 90%without rooting hormone whereas the same is only 50%in stem cutting.The plant developed through mini-cutting technique has more lateral root system which helps the plants/trees to withstand during heavy winds.Replacing such stump derived stock plants by intensively managing indoor sand bed clonal mini hedges resulted in a noticeable enhancement of cutting capacity for adventitious rooting as well as the overall quality of the plants produced in much shorter period with easier and cheaper maintenance.The study reveals that mini-cutting method is ideal propagation technique for large scale propagation of C.junghuhniana clones in India.展开更多
Horticulture is a branch of Agricultural science where it is defined as the science and art of cultivating and handling fruits,vegetables,ornamental plants and several plants having unique medicinal and aromatic value...Horticulture is a branch of Agricultural science where it is defined as the science and art of cultivating and handling fruits,vegetables,ornamental plants and several plants having unique medicinal and aromatic values.Horticultural crops provide farmers with high income and have good export quality,but they have a concern about postharvest losses.Hence,increasing productivity and decreasing post-harvest losses by using scientific studies and techniques like biotechnology and nanotechnology could be the simplest possible solution to the above-mentioned problems.Using nanotechnology which is having the characteristics of nanoparticles is proven to be very useful in science and technological applications.Nanotechnology-based formulations increase the product quality and the shelf life of horticultural products and provide multiple ways of inhibiting the growth and development of microorganisms.It is precisely a new edible packaging coverage(film)that controls the exchange of gases and prevents damage from harmful rays such as ultraviolet radiation to a greater extent.Increasing strength by using nano biosensors for labeling products is considered a fundamental process to automated control of storage products.Postharvest rotting of vegetables is recognized to be an oxidative reaction and microbial deterioration as well.This review will address all such nanotechnology-based advancements for minimizing post-harvest losses of horticultural crops and enhancing the socio-economical progress of growers in particular.展开更多
Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was the first North-American tree species imported to Europe at the beginning of the seventeenth century. It is commonly planted worldwide because of its adaptability to environme...Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was the first North-American tree species imported to Europe at the beginning of the seventeenth century. It is commonly planted worldwide because of its adaptability to environmental stresses, its valuable wood, easy propagation, frequent and abundant seed production, excellent coppicing,high seedling survival, and relatively high wood yield. In Europe, Romania and Hungary have the most highly-developed black locust growing techniques and experiences.As a result of increasing interest in black locust in many countries, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art site requirements, propagation, improvement and management(including growth and yield as well as use in energy plantations).展开更多
The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of the readers to agroforestry and more precisely to silvopastoral systems,which are land use methods with a wealth of opportunities,mixing the advantages of grasslan...The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of the readers to agroforestry and more precisely to silvopastoral systems,which are land use methods with a wealth of opportunities,mixing the advantages of grasslands and forests or trees.Through an analysis of the Great Hungarian Plain in Central Europe and other large-scale restoration projects,we examine contemporary environmental challenges,with particular emphasis on water scarcity impacts on land use sustainability.We propose agroforestry systems as viable alternatives in regions where continuous forest cover cannot be sustained due to ecological limitations and where tree-crop-livestock interactions can enhance overall system productivity and resilience.The urgent need for action underlines the importance of living laboratories,where scientific work should support the overall goal of revitalizing our landscapes.展开更多
Most of agricultural by-products are rich sources of bioactive compounds.The present study deals with profiling phenolic compounds from various phenolic fractions of cashew nut(Anacardium occidentale L.)testa.The anti...Most of agricultural by-products are rich sources of bioactive compounds.The present study deals with profiling phenolic compounds from various phenolic fractions of cashew nut(Anacardium occidentale L.)testa.The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phenolic fractions(free,esterified and bound)were also evaluated.About 20,5 and 7 phenolic compounds were identified from free,esterified,and bound phenolic fractions,respectively.UPLC-HRMS/MS analyses of phenolic fractions revealed that condensed tannins and flavanols are the primary testa polyphenols.(+)-catechin,(-)-epicatechin,epicatechin gallate and procyanidins were identified in all the fractions.Most of the phenolic compounds were concentrated in the free form(62.5%),followed by the bound(21.8%)and esterified fractions(15.62%).The free phenolic fraction(FPF)showed the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content.The FPF showed the highest radical scavenging activity(FPF IC5012.35±1.48μg/ml(DPPH assay),33.77±1.04μg/ml(ABTS assay)and 62.89±2.1μmol of Fe2+equivalent per gram of cashew nut testa(FRAP assay)).The antimicrobial activities of phenolic fractions were tested against foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus FRI722,Escherichia coli EFR02,Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778.All the phenolic fractions possess antimicrobial activity;the FPF has shown a maximum zone of inhibition at a lower concentration of 3 mg/ml.The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the testa were strongly influenced by its total phenolic and flavonoid contents.In conclusion,cashew nut testa is a suitable source to extract phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.展开更多
Recent trends in food industry focus on utilization of fruit processing waste and by-products as novel ingredients due to their nutritional benefits.Apple seed is one such novel ingredient that can find application as...Recent trends in food industry focus on utilization of fruit processing waste and by-products as novel ingredients due to their nutritional benefits.Apple seed is one such novel ingredient that can find application as functional ingredient in food,nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry.The existing studies suggest that apple seed is a rich source of amino acids,fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds.This review discusses the nutritional and phytochemical profile as well as biological activities exhibited by the apple seed.It also highlights the current application of apple seed in food,pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries along with the safety aspects considering the presence of amygdalin.The apple seed meal,extracts or seed oil as novel ingredient can find various industrial applications given their dense nutritional profile.Besides their functionality,rigorous and extensive research is required to promote its usage at industrial level for harnessing the benefits of apple seeds.展开更多
基金supported by the State Key Program of National Natural Science of China (Grant No. 30730075)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in Universities (PCSIRT0607)
文摘Two types of sampling plots of seabuckthom （Hippophae rhamnoides） communities were investigated in Pengyang County of Ningxia region by a typical sampling method to study the characteristics of community structure and biodiversity. Composition and dominant species of each community were analyzed by the importance value of species as an index. The number of individuals and the importance value, as well as Sorensen＇s similarity coefficient, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Pielou＇s evenness index and Simpson＇s dominance index, were used as indices to compare characteristics of community structure, similarity and biodiversity between plantations and natural forests of seabuckthom. The results indicate that the importance values of species of natural seabuckthom communities were dispersed and the difference between dominant species was not statistically significant. Diversity indices of natural seabuckthom communities reflected by species richness and evenness were higher than that of plantations. Community structure of natural seabuckthom forests is more complex. We propose that natural forest can be used as sample to guide selection of plant species in silviculture in order to improve biodiversity of plantation.
文摘Bark beetle species in natural stands of spruce, Picea crassifolia （Kom.） were investigated in Maixiu Forest Park, Qinghai Province, northwest China, during 2005 and 2007. Two pioneer Ips species, Ips nitidus Eggers and Ips shangrila Cognato and Sun were found. I. nitidus occurs naturally in northwest China. I. shangrila is a new species in the world. In the past, it was confused with I. mannsfeldi Wachtl in China. The damage of these two Ips species has been very severe in Maixiu and the morphological and bio-logical characteristics were studied. I. nitidus starts to fly in early May and prefers the mid to lower part of the host tree to colonize as its habitat. I. shangrila always infests from the top of the trunk, especially in branches larger than 3 cm in diameter in the crowns and sometimes even colonizes entire young trees. The two Ips species are the most destructive secondary bark beetles on P. crassifolia and always cause mortality of trees by their cooperation.
文摘In Hungary, black locust （Robinia pseudoacacia L.） is one of the most important exotic species, forming entire stands. Its importance is increasing in many other countries. As a result of a new selection program eight black lo- cust clones have been improved for establishing clone trials and a seed orchard. In this study juvenile growth and stem quality of micropropagated clones of black locust were evaluated on a marginal site in central Hungary. At ten years old, the clones ＇MB17D3/4＇ and ＇PV201E2/4＇ appeared to be especially promising for high quality wood production under arid hydrological conditions. A tissue culture method can be considered a suitable tool of propagating superior individual trees and offers new prospects for the rapid cloning of selected genotypes.
基金The research funded by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development through the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute,West Sumatera Indonesia for this work through a research project entitled Technology and Innovation for Increasing Production of Horticultural Plants,grant number SP DIPA-018.09.2.412050/2020.
文摘West Sumatera is one of the largest mangosteen production centers in Indonesia.After the 2019 harvest season,there were variations in fruit production and quality which indicated symptoms of zinc(Zn)deficiency.This study evaluates the status of Zn for increasing the production and quality of mangosteen fruit Ratu Kamang cv.The study was conducting using the observation method in Lima Puluh Kota,West Sumatera from January to December 2020.This study used ten mangosteen trees aged 23 years in three locations selected purposively.Parameters observed included soil properties,leaf nutrients,number of fruits;fruit,rind,aril and seed weights,percentage of fruit scars(FS)and percentage of fruit contaminated with yellow sap(YSC).The relationship between Zn concentration in leaves and fruit production and quality was analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and regression models.The results showed that Zn played a role in increasing the production and quality of man-gosteen fruit at certain concentration ranges in the leaves.Zinc concentrations of 23.45–30.00 mg/kg play a role in increasing production,while Zn concentrations of 26.29–30.29 mg/kg play a role in increasing quality.The lowest incidence of FS and YSC was found in trees with Zn concentration in the leaves between 30.00–32.00 mg/kg.Zinc concentration in the leaves of 30.00 mg/kg was the critical concentration in increasing the production and quality of mangosteen fruit under local cultivation conditions.Zinc has an antagonistic relationship to iron(Fe)and cop-per(Cu)in leaf tissue.
文摘The modern concept of meeting the customer’s requirements in better products at low costs in a sustainable manner is possible only through innovative methods.The nodal cutting technique is the most widely used method for large scale propagation of Casuarina,Eucalyptus and other pulpwood species in India.Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Limited(TNPL)has started large scale multiplication of Casuarina junghuhniana Miq.using mini-cutting technique from indoor clonal mini hedges raised in sand beds.When compared to stem/nodal cuttings,indoor clonal mini hedges raised in sand beds improve the rooting potential,quality of root systems and are time-and cost-saving.The productivity of cuttings is increased five times in indoor clonal hedge orchard than conventional stem/nodal cutting.The rooting percentage also improved to 90%without rooting hormone whereas the same is only 50%in stem cutting.The plant developed through mini-cutting technique has more lateral root system which helps the plants/trees to withstand during heavy winds.Replacing such stump derived stock plants by intensively managing indoor sand bed clonal mini hedges resulted in a noticeable enhancement of cutting capacity for adventitious rooting as well as the overall quality of the plants produced in much shorter period with easier and cheaper maintenance.The study reveals that mini-cutting method is ideal propagation technique for large scale propagation of C.junghuhniana clones in India.
文摘Horticulture is a branch of Agricultural science where it is defined as the science and art of cultivating and handling fruits,vegetables,ornamental plants and several plants having unique medicinal and aromatic values.Horticultural crops provide farmers with high income and have good export quality,but they have a concern about postharvest losses.Hence,increasing productivity and decreasing post-harvest losses by using scientific studies and techniques like biotechnology and nanotechnology could be the simplest possible solution to the above-mentioned problems.Using nanotechnology which is having the characteristics of nanoparticles is proven to be very useful in science and technological applications.Nanotechnology-based formulations increase the product quality and the shelf life of horticultural products and provide multiple ways of inhibiting the growth and development of microorganisms.It is precisely a new edible packaging coverage(film)that controls the exchange of gases and prevents damage from harmful rays such as ultraviolet radiation to a greater extent.Increasing strength by using nano biosensors for labeling products is considered a fundamental process to automated control of storage products.Postharvest rotting of vegetables is recognized to be an oxidative reaction and microbial deterioration as well.This review will address all such nanotechnology-based advancements for minimizing post-harvest losses of horticultural crops and enhancing the socio-economical progress of growers in particular.
文摘Black locust(Robinia pseudoacacia L.) was the first North-American tree species imported to Europe at the beginning of the seventeenth century. It is commonly planted worldwide because of its adaptability to environmental stresses, its valuable wood, easy propagation, frequent and abundant seed production, excellent coppicing,high seedling survival, and relatively high wood yield. In Europe, Romania and Hungary have the most highly-developed black locust growing techniques and experiences.As a result of increasing interest in black locust in many countries, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art site requirements, propagation, improvement and management(including growth and yield as well as use in energy plantations).
文摘The purpose of this study is to draw the attention of the readers to agroforestry and more precisely to silvopastoral systems,which are land use methods with a wealth of opportunities,mixing the advantages of grasslands and forests or trees.Through an analysis of the Great Hungarian Plain in Central Europe and other large-scale restoration projects,we examine contemporary environmental challenges,with particular emphasis on water scarcity impacts on land use sustainability.We propose agroforestry systems as viable alternatives in regions where continuous forest cover cannot be sustained due to ecological limitations and where tree-crop-livestock interactions can enhance overall system productivity and resilience.The urgent need for action underlines the importance of living laboratories,where scientific work should support the overall goal of revitalizing our landscapes.
文摘Most of agricultural by-products are rich sources of bioactive compounds.The present study deals with profiling phenolic compounds from various phenolic fractions of cashew nut(Anacardium occidentale L.)testa.The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of phenolic fractions(free,esterified and bound)were also evaluated.About 20,5 and 7 phenolic compounds were identified from free,esterified,and bound phenolic fractions,respectively.UPLC-HRMS/MS analyses of phenolic fractions revealed that condensed tannins and flavanols are the primary testa polyphenols.(+)-catechin,(-)-epicatechin,epicatechin gallate and procyanidins were identified in all the fractions.Most of the phenolic compounds were concentrated in the free form(62.5%),followed by the bound(21.8%)and esterified fractions(15.62%).The free phenolic fraction(FPF)showed the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid content.The FPF showed the highest radical scavenging activity(FPF IC5012.35±1.48μg/ml(DPPH assay),33.77±1.04μg/ml(ABTS assay)and 62.89±2.1μmol of Fe2+equivalent per gram of cashew nut testa(FRAP assay)).The antimicrobial activities of phenolic fractions were tested against foodborne pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus FRI722,Escherichia coli EFR02,Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 and Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778.All the phenolic fractions possess antimicrobial activity;the FPF has shown a maximum zone of inhibition at a lower concentration of 3 mg/ml.The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the testa were strongly influenced by its total phenolic and flavonoid contents.In conclusion,cashew nut testa is a suitable source to extract phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
文摘Recent trends in food industry focus on utilization of fruit processing waste and by-products as novel ingredients due to their nutritional benefits.Apple seed is one such novel ingredient that can find application as functional ingredient in food,nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industry.The existing studies suggest that apple seed is a rich source of amino acids,fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds.This review discusses the nutritional and phytochemical profile as well as biological activities exhibited by the apple seed.It also highlights the current application of apple seed in food,pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries along with the safety aspects considering the presence of amygdalin.The apple seed meal,extracts or seed oil as novel ingredient can find various industrial applications given their dense nutritional profile.Besides their functionality,rigorous and extensive research is required to promote its usage at industrial level for harnessing the benefits of apple seeds.
