Objective:To evaluate larvicidal,pupicidal and oviposition deterrent activities of four plant essential oils from Alpinia galanga(L.)Willd rhizome,Anethum graveolens L.(An.graveolens)fruit,Foeniculum vulgare Mill.frui...Objective:To evaluate larvicidal,pupicidal and oviposition deterrent activities of four plant essential oils from Alpinia galanga(L.)Willd rhizome,Anethum graveolens L.(An.graveolens)fruit,Foeniculum vulgare Mill.fruit,and Pimpinella anisum L.fruit against Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti).Methods:Four essential oils at 1%,5%and 10%concentrations were assessed for insecticidal activity against larvae and pupae of Ae.aegypti,following the procedure of a dipping method assay.Oviposition deterrent activity of four essential oils was evaluated on gravid female of Ae.aegypti by a dual-choice oviposition bioassay.Results:The results revealed that An.graveolens oil provided the strongest larvicidal activity against Ae.aegypti among four tested plant essential oils with the highest mortality rate of 100%and LC_(50)value of-0.3%.From the pupicidal experiment,An.graveolens also showed the highest toxicity against Ae.aegypti pupae with the highest mortality rate of 100%at 72 h and LC_(50)value of2.9%.In addition,10%An.graveolens had an oviposition deterrent effect against Ae.aegypti with effective repellency of 100%and an oviposition activity index of-1.0.Conclusions:An.graveolens oil has a good potential as a larvicidal,pupicidal and oviposition deterrent agent for controlling Ae.aegypti.展开更多
To evaluate the toxicity against house fly Musca domestica L.(M. domestica)-larvicidal, pupicidal, and oviposition deterrent activities of essential oils(EOs) from five plants: Anethum graveolens L.(A. graveolens), Ce...To evaluate the toxicity against house fly Musca domestica L.(M. domestica)-larvicidal, pupicidal, and oviposition deterrent activities of essential oils(EOs) from five plants: Anethum graveolens L.(A. graveolens), Centratherum anthelminticum L.(C. anthelminticum), Foeniculum vulgare Mill.(F. vulgare), Pimpinella anisum L.(P. anisum), and Trachyspermum ammi L.(T. ammi) Sprague. Methods: Dipping, topical and dual-choice assays were performed by using each EO at three concentrations(1%, 5% and 10%) as well as cypermethrin(positive control) and ethyl alcohol(negative control) in order to determine their larvicidal, pupicidal and oviposition deterrent activities against M. domestica mortality rate and morphogenic abnormality of larvae and pupae were recorded after 3 and 10 days of incubation. Oviposition deterrent activity was recorded for 5 consecutive days from the beginning of the assay. Results: All EOs at the highest concentration(10%) were highly effective in oviposition deterrent with 100% effective repellency and an oviposition activity index of-1.00. Ten percent of F. vulgare oil exhibited the highest efficacy against the larvae with 89.6% mortality rate at 3 days and an LC50 value of 5.4%. Ten percent of A. graveolens and T. ammi oils showed the highest efficacy against the pupae with 100% mortality and an LC50 value ranging from 1.81%-2.24%. Conclusions: These results indicate that F. vulgare, A. graveolens and T. ammi EOs are effective larvicidal, pupicidal and oviposition deterrent agents against house fly M. domestica.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the efficacies of 12 essential oil(EO) formulations from three Zingiberaceae plants(Alpinia galanga, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber cassumunar) individually and in combination with an augment...Objective: To investigate the efficacies of 12 essential oil(EO) formulations from three Zingiberaceae plants(Alpinia galanga, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber cassumunar) individually and in combination with an augmenting Eucalyptus globulus(E. globulus) EO against females of Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) and Anopheles minimus(An. minimus). Methods: These formulations were evaluated for their ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and adulticidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus by a topical method, a double-choice method and a WHO susceptibility test, respectively. Results: It was found that all formulations of Zingiberaceae plants EOs augmented with E. globulus EO were more effective in oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal activities against the two mosquito species than all of the formulations used without E. globulus EO. Their oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal activities were equivalent to those of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol as a control alone was not effective at all. The highest synergistic effect in effective repellency against Ae. albopictus was achieved by 5% Alpinia galanga EO + 5% E. globulus EO and against An. minimus was 5% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Moreover, the highest synergistic effects in ovicidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus were achieved by 10% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 10% E. globulus EO and 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO, respectively. For the adulticidal activities, the highest synergistic effect against two mosquitoes was achieved by 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Conclusions: These results suggest that Zingiberaceae plant EOs augmented with E. globulus EO have a high potential to be developed into oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal agents for controlling populations of Ae. albopictus and An. minimus.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate adulticidal, larvicidal and oviposition deterrent response of the essential oil from dried Zanthoxylum limonella(Z. limonella) fruit against Aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) and Culex quinquefasciatus...Objective: To evaluate adulticidal, larvicidal and oviposition deterrent response of the essential oil from dried Zanthoxylum limonella(Z. limonella) fruit against Aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) and Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx. quinquefasciatus).Methods: Z. limonella oil was tested by biological assays at 1%, 5% and 10% concentrations in ethanol. Adulticidal efficacy was tested against the 2–3 day old adult females. Larvicidal activity was tested against immature stage of mosquitoes. Oviposition deterrence of the oil was evaluated on gravid females.Results: The adult mortality was observed after 24 h with the LC50 of 6.0% for Ae.aegypti, and 5.7% for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal bioassay was carried out with the 10% Z. limonella oil against immature stages of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus,which caused 100% mortality after 12 h and 24 h. In the larvicidal experiment,Z. limonella showed effective result at 1%, 5% and 10% concentrations with the values of LT50 Ae. aegypti = 9.78, 5.61, 0.24 h for larvae and LT50= 64.08, 21.23 h for pupae;Cx. quinquefasciatus had LT50= 28.46, 20.25, 1.01 h for larvae and LT50= 67.52, 27.96,4.11 h for pupae, respectively. Oviposition deterrence of the oil was evaluated on gravid females. In the study, 10% Z. limonella showed 100% repellency for Ae. aegypti and99.53% for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Likewise, oviposition activity indexes of these oil concentrations were all negative values ranging from–0.89 to-1.00 for Ae. aegypti and–0.64 to–0.99 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. The oviposition activity indexes values revealed that Z. limonella oil has deterrent effect, and it caused a remarkable negative response resulting in very few eggs.Conclusions: This result indicates that Z. limonella oil can be used as an effective adulticide, larvicide and oviposition deterrent against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus.展开更多
Study was conducted to assess the possible transfer of heavy metals from livestock feeds to animal products. In experiment-l, samples （n = 503） collected from conventional farms in Central Greece were analysed for h...Study was conducted to assess the possible transfer of heavy metals from livestock feeds to animal products. In experiment-l, samples （n = 503） collected from conventional farms in Central Greece were analysed for heavy metal Copper （Cu）, Zinc （Zn）, Cadmium （Cd）, Lead （Pb）, Nickel （Ni） and Chromium （Cr） contents in muscle tissues, livers, kidneys, excremental and basic mixtures in livestock such as cows and sheep. Results showed that transfer of heavy metal contaminants from feed to animal products fluctuated below the permissible risk levels. In experiment 2, samples （n = 440） of feedstuffs used in different feeding regimens and seasons at different livestock farms [sheep （n = 140）, dairy cows （n = 180）, pigs （n = 120）] were collected. Results showed that relatively high concentration of Cu in the excrements of pigs （155 ＋ 9.13） and Zn in the excrements of sheep （144.56 ＋ 5.78） are explained by the use of Cu in the diet of developing piglets and sheep. Ovine showed higher concentration ofNi, Cr, and Pb in their excrements, while, the concentration of heavy metals in forages was under the allowed range to the EU legislation.展开更多
In order to study the effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat (cv. Inqalab), a pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of the Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam. ...In order to study the effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat (cv. Inqalab), a pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of the Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam. The soil was artificially salinized to a range of salinity levels i.e . EC 2.16, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 dS·m<sup>-1</sup> with different salts (MgCl<sub>2</sub> + CaCl<sub>2</sub> + Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>). The salinized soil used for the experiment was sandy clay in texture, alkaline in reaction (pH > 7.0) and moderate in organic matter (0.95%) content. The results showed that with increasing salinity there was an increase in the ECe, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> and decrease in the K<sup>+</sup>, SAR and ESP values of the soil Increasing salinity, progressively decreased plant height, spike length, number of spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup> 1000 grain weight and yield (straw and grain). Adverse effects of salts on plants were associated with the accumulation of less K<sup>+</sup> and more Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> in their flag leaf sap, grains and straw. This resulted in lower K<sup>+</sup>:5Na<sup>+</sup> ratio in flag leaf sap, grains and straw of wheat plants. These results indicated that the effects of salts stress were greater at 10 than at 8, 6 and 4 EC dS·m<sup>-1</sup>.展开更多
This study explored the biodiversity in Local Thai rice Varieties （Oryza sativa L.） during May 2011 to March 2013 by conducting surveys and collecting rice varieties from 4 regions of Thailand. There are altogether ...This study explored the biodiversity in Local Thai rice Varieties （Oryza sativa L.） during May 2011 to March 2013 by conducting surveys and collecting rice varieties from 4 regions of Thailand. There are altogether 89 varieties of local rice which include 16 in Central region, 12 in Northern region, 23 in Northeastern region, and 38 in Southern region. Among them are of 2 types： 21 varieties of glutinous rice and 68 varieties of non-glutinous rice. Ecological classification suggested 72 varieties of lowland rice, 10 varieties of upland rice, and 7 varieties of floating rice. These varieties of rice were cultivated in the farmer fields of Nongbondaeng sub-district in Banbueng district of Chonburi province during the rainy season and off season between 2011 and 2013 and to capture their agricultural descriptors. Results revealed germination and seedling growth in 33 varieties. The Unknow 2 variety yields maximum weight of 6.47 grams per panicle, while Sor.6 Chumpae variety gives minimum weight of 0.85 grams per panicle. Aye Khong produces highest number of 317 filled grains per panicle, while the lowest is Sewkliang with 5 filled grains per panicle. Gumrai gives biggest size of seed of 0.47 × 1.01 mm, while Sangyod gives smallest size of 0.19 × 0.97 mm.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Thai herbal shampoos [Cartoxylum formosum(C.formosum) + eucalyptus essential oil(EO), C. formosum + citrus EO, Solanum trilobatum+ eucalyptus EO, Solanum trilobatum + citrus EO, ...Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Thai herbal shampoos [Cartoxylum formosum(C.formosum) + eucalyptus essential oil(EO), C. formosum + citrus EO, Solanum trilobatum+ eucalyptus EO, Solanum trilobatum + citrus EO, Moringa oleifera + eucalyptus EO and Moringa oleifera + citrus EO] for killing all stages of Pediculus humanus capitis(Phthiraptera).Methods: A filter paper contact method was applied with three concentrations(0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mL/cm^2) of each Thai herbal shampoo as well as permethrin pediculicide(positive control) and drinking water(negative control) against eggs, nymphs and adults of Pediculus humanus capitis. Mortality rates of the eggs were recorded after 7 days of incubation while those of nymphs and adults were recorded after 5 minutes of contact. Results: All herbal shampoos at the high concentration were highly effective against nymphs and adults, but not effective against the eggs. C. formosum + eucalyptus EO and C. formosum + citrus EO shampoos at all concentrations exhibited the highest efficacy against nymphs and adults with100% mortality rate at 5 min and LC_(50) values of 0.004 and 0.005 mL/cm^2, respectively. All formulation of Solanum trilobatum and Moringa oleifera shampoos added with eucalyptus EO showed mortality rates against nymphs at 92.0%-100.0% and 76.0%-100.0% and against adults at 84.0%-100.0% and 20.0%-32.0%, respectively. Permethrin pediculicide was not effective against the eggs, but showed 68.0%-92.0% and 28.0%-60.0% mortality rates against nymphs and adults. Conclusions: These results indicate that C. formosum + eucalyptus EO shampoo can be used as an effective nymphicide and adulticide against Pediculus humanus capitis.展开更多
During a 2005 visit with National Agricultural and Forestry Institute (NAFRI) Director, Dr. Kouang Doungsila issued a challenge to these authors to determine if it was true that crops could not be grown in the extensi...During a 2005 visit with National Agricultural and Forestry Institute (NAFRI) Director, Dr. Kouang Doungsila issued a challenge to these authors to determine if it was true that crops could not be grown in the extensive uplands of Xiengkhouang Province, Laos PDR. In response, a two-phase series of experiments was proposed and implemented. The Phase I experiment was to bring soil from the Xiengkhouang province uplands to a NAFRI greenhouse near Vientiane to assess possible nutrient requirements using a nutrient omission experiment. Simultaneously, soils were collected and analyzed from seven recognized agricultural regions of Laos. The initial Vientiane greenhouse experiment indicated that maize did grow, but there were multiple issues of extreme soil acidity and clear deficiencies of phosphorus and other nutrients. Phase II of the study included field studies on the site of soil selected for the greenhouse study. Field experiments were carried out for two years at the site with yields of maize exceeding 5500 kg⋅ha−1 in the first year and exceeding 6250 kg⋅ha−1 in a subsequent year. Intense symptoms of nutrient zinc (Zn) deficiency were observed, however. In 2008 another experiment was designed and carried out that included a Zn variable. The results from that experiment confirmed that maize yields nearing 6000 kg⋅ha−1 were indeed possible. Substantial amounts of lime were needed to correct the strong soil acidity, and a series of other nutrients including N, P, K, and Zn were also required. Ongoing issues are where to obtain the extensive amounts of limestone needed as well as an evaluation of the residual effect of the limestone The finely ground, very reactive burnt lime residual effect was, as expected, short-lived. The results clearly demonstrated that, indeed, it was possible for maize to be produced in the extensive uplands of Xiengkhouang province, in answer to Director Khouang’s challenging question.展开更多
Pasteuria penetrans controls root knots nematodes （Meloidogyne spp.） either by preventing invasion or by causing female sterility. The greatest control effect ofP. penetrans occurred when an efficient quantity ofP. ...Pasteuria penetrans controls root knots nematodes （Meloidogyne spp.） either by preventing invasion or by causing female sterility. The greatest control effect ofP. penetrans occurred when an efficient quantity ofP. penetrans spores attached to nematodes cuticle. The number of spores attaching to J2s within a given time increased with increasing the time of attachment. Based to that, we produced attachment data in vitro recorded encumbered nematodes 1, 3, 6 and 9 h after placing nematodes in a standard P. penetrans spore suspensions. From the count data obtained we modeled P. penetrans attachment using the Poisson and the negative binomial distribution. Attachment count data observed to be over dispersed with respect to high numbers of spores sticks on each J2 after at 6 and 9 h after spores application. We concluded that negative binomial distribution was shown to be the most appropriate model to fit the observed data sets considering that P. penetrans spores are clumped.展开更多
Agricultural research made in recent years has found that many bacterial organisms act like biological control agents with minimal impact on the environment. These microorganisms and their toxic metabolites should be ...Agricultural research made in recent years has found that many bacterial organisms act like biological control agents with minimal impact on the environment. These microorganisms and their toxic metabolites should be included in those which are acceptable to qualify a product as organic or integrated and enjoy all the benefits that entails. Hence, interest in the use of microorganisms as biological agents to protect crop plants against plant parasitic nematodes has been increasing. This study investigated the ability of.Pseudomonas oryzihabitans symbiotically associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema abbasi as a bioagent against plant parasitic nematodes which infected tomato crop. The bacterium is particularly effective against root-knot nematode in vitro affecting the behavior and mobility of root-knot nematode juveniles. Also, studies in planta demonstrated the efficacy of P. oryzihabitans by preventing tomato root system by invasion of juveniles of Meloidogynejavaniea when bacterial cells were applied to the root system before nematodes. This efficacy is dependent on bacterial cell concentration used and the time of the nematode exposure. However, a better nematode control might be achieved with multiple applications of the biocontrol agent. Furthermore, the results of this study provide evidence that the bacterium P. oryzihabitans produces metabolites, which have nematostatic effects.展开更多
InDel markers are commonly used to assess genetic relationships among populations.In this study,we employed a whole-genome sequence comparison method to identify and develop InDel markers for the rice blast fungus Pyr...InDel markers are commonly used to assess genetic relationships among populations.In this study,we employed a whole-genome sequence comparison method to identify and develop InDel markers for the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae.We analyzed 152 whole-genome sequences of P.oryzae isolates from diverse global regions,including Brazil,Burundi,China,Colombia,C.te d’Ivoire,France,Ghana,Hungary,India,Japan,Korea,Laos,Madagascar,Mali,Morocco,Nepal,the Philippines,Portugal,Spain,Suriname,Thailand,the UK,the USA,and Zambia.Our analysis identified a total of 233,595 InDel loci distributed across the seven chromosomes of P.oryzae.From these,82 loci were selected based on their high polymorphism across the 152 genome sequences.The effectiveness of these 82 loci was assessed by analyzing the genetic diversity of 47 Thai rice blast isolates alongside two reference isolates,GUY11(France)and KJ201(Korea).Of the 82 InDel loci,33 exhibited polymorphisms,with 2-4 alleles per locus and polymorphic information content(PIC)scores ranging from 0.04 to 0.67.Principal coordinate and structure analyses revealed two genetic subgroups among the Thai rice blast isolates,categorized according to host specificity.Genetic relationships highlighted disparities among rice blast populations based on their respective hosts:rice and grassy weeds.This finding suggests a correlation between genetic relatedness and the plant hosts susceptible to rice blast disease.The newly developed InDel markers provide a valuable resource for future research in this field.展开更多
Prolamins(gliadin-related proteins)are cereal proteins which are a source of polypeptides that are toxic to people showing intolerance or allergy to gluten.Therefore,serious safety concerns regarding occasional and ro...Prolamins(gliadin-related proteins)are cereal proteins which are a source of polypeptides that are toxic to people showing intolerance or allergy to gluten.Therefore,serious safety concerns regarding occasional and routine beer consumption emerge due to the presence of immunoreactive amino acid sequences of cereal origin that remain in the final product.The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of prolamins and gluten in samples of beers(72 commercially available beverages)produced in Central Europe.A competitive ELISA and immunoblotting methods were applied to analyze the presence and concentration of immunoreactive proteins/peptides.Gluten level in the studied beers ranged from 10 to over 6000 mg/kg.Approximately 30%beers could be regarded as gluten-free,around 40%were very low gluten and only 25%beers contained considerable amounts of gluten.The highest level of prolamin content was detected in wheat beers.We demonstrated that these high concentrations of prolamins are probably derived from residues of non-degraded wheat gliadins.展开更多
Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts—Mediterranean,semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agri...Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts—Mediterranean,semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production.The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change.Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems.Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casuarinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress,and/or infertile to hostile soils.Central Anatolia,Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation.Therefore,species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia.Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature,eight species were identified as being of high(A.verticillata and C.pauper)to moderate(A.acutivalvis,A.decaisneana,A.dielsiana,A.huegeliana,C.cristata and C.obesa)priority for assessment,with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.展开更多
基金sponsored in part by the National Research Council of Thailand,(Grant no.GRAD6006 KMITL)by the Faculty of Agricultural Technology,King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang(KMITL)(Grant no.01-04-001)
文摘Objective:To evaluate larvicidal,pupicidal and oviposition deterrent activities of four plant essential oils from Alpinia galanga(L.)Willd rhizome,Anethum graveolens L.(An.graveolens)fruit,Foeniculum vulgare Mill.fruit,and Pimpinella anisum L.fruit against Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti).Methods:Four essential oils at 1%,5%and 10%concentrations were assessed for insecticidal activity against larvae and pupae of Ae.aegypti,following the procedure of a dipping method assay.Oviposition deterrent activity of four essential oils was evaluated on gravid female of Ae.aegypti by a dual-choice oviposition bioassay.Results:The results revealed that An.graveolens oil provided the strongest larvicidal activity against Ae.aegypti among four tested plant essential oils with the highest mortality rate of 100%and LC_(50)value of-0.3%.From the pupicidal experiment,An.graveolens also showed the highest toxicity against Ae.aegypti pupae with the highest mortality rate of 100%at 72 h and LC_(50)value of2.9%.In addition,10%An.graveolens had an oviposition deterrent effect against Ae.aegypti with effective repellency of 100%and an oviposition activity index of-1.0.Conclusions:An.graveolens oil has a good potential as a larvicidal,pupicidal and oviposition deterrent agent for controlling Ae.aegypti.
基金supported by King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang,Ladkrabang,Bangkok 10520,Thailand(Grant No.2560-01-04-001)The National Research Council of Thailand(Grant No.GRAD6006KMITL)
文摘To evaluate the toxicity against house fly Musca domestica L.(M. domestica)-larvicidal, pupicidal, and oviposition deterrent activities of essential oils(EOs) from five plants: Anethum graveolens L.(A. graveolens), Centratherum anthelminticum L.(C. anthelminticum), Foeniculum vulgare Mill.(F. vulgare), Pimpinella anisum L.(P. anisum), and Trachyspermum ammi L.(T. ammi) Sprague. Methods: Dipping, topical and dual-choice assays were performed by using each EO at three concentrations(1%, 5% and 10%) as well as cypermethrin(positive control) and ethyl alcohol(negative control) in order to determine their larvicidal, pupicidal and oviposition deterrent activities against M. domestica mortality rate and morphogenic abnormality of larvae and pupae were recorded after 3 and 10 days of incubation. Oviposition deterrent activity was recorded for 5 consecutive days from the beginning of the assay. Results: All EOs at the highest concentration(10%) were highly effective in oviposition deterrent with 100% effective repellency and an oviposition activity index of-1.00. Ten percent of F. vulgare oil exhibited the highest efficacy against the larvae with 89.6% mortality rate at 3 days and an LC50 value of 5.4%. Ten percent of A. graveolens and T. ammi oils showed the highest efficacy against the pupae with 100% mortality and an LC50 value ranging from 1.81%-2.24%. Conclusions: These results indicate that F. vulgare, A. graveolens and T. ammi EOs are effective larvicidal, pupicidal and oviposition deterrent agents against house fly M. domestica.
基金supported by Faculty of Agricultural Technology,KMITL,Bangkok,Thailand(Grant no 01-04-002)the National Research Council of Thailand(GRAD 6007KMITL)
文摘Objective: To investigate the efficacies of 12 essential oil(EO) formulations from three Zingiberaceae plants(Alpinia galanga, Curcuma zedoaria, and Zingiber cassumunar) individually and in combination with an augmenting Eucalyptus globulus(E. globulus) EO against females of Aedes albopictus(Ae. albopictus) and Anopheles minimus(An. minimus). Methods: These formulations were evaluated for their ovicidal, oviposition deterrent and adulticidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus by a topical method, a double-choice method and a WHO susceptibility test, respectively. Results: It was found that all formulations of Zingiberaceae plants EOs augmented with E. globulus EO were more effective in oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal activities against the two mosquito species than all of the formulations used without E. globulus EO. Their oviposition deterrent, ovicidal and adulticidal activities were equivalent to those of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol as a control alone was not effective at all. The highest synergistic effect in effective repellency against Ae. albopictus was achieved by 5% Alpinia galanga EO + 5% E. globulus EO and against An. minimus was 5% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Moreover, the highest synergistic effects in ovicidal activities against Ae. albopictus and An. minimus were achieved by 10% Zingiber cassumunar EO + 10% E. globulus EO and 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO, respectively. For the adulticidal activities, the highest synergistic effect against two mosquitoes was achieved by 5% Curcuma zedoaria EO + 5% E. globulus EO. Conclusions: These results suggest that Zingiberaceae plant EOs augmented with E. globulus EO have a high potential to be developed into oviposition deterrent, ovicidal, and adulticidal agents for controlling populations of Ae. albopictus and An. minimus.
基金supported by the Faculty of Agricultural Technology,King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang,Bangkok,Thailand(Grant No.2560-01-04-003)
文摘Objective: To evaluate adulticidal, larvicidal and oviposition deterrent response of the essential oil from dried Zanthoxylum limonella(Z. limonella) fruit against Aedes aegypti(Ae. aegypti) and Culex quinquefasciatus(Cx. quinquefasciatus).Methods: Z. limonella oil was tested by biological assays at 1%, 5% and 10% concentrations in ethanol. Adulticidal efficacy was tested against the 2–3 day old adult females. Larvicidal activity was tested against immature stage of mosquitoes. Oviposition deterrence of the oil was evaluated on gravid females.Results: The adult mortality was observed after 24 h with the LC50 of 6.0% for Ae.aegypti, and 5.7% for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Larvicidal bioassay was carried out with the 10% Z. limonella oil against immature stages of Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus,which caused 100% mortality after 12 h and 24 h. In the larvicidal experiment,Z. limonella showed effective result at 1%, 5% and 10% concentrations with the values of LT50 Ae. aegypti = 9.78, 5.61, 0.24 h for larvae and LT50= 64.08, 21.23 h for pupae;Cx. quinquefasciatus had LT50= 28.46, 20.25, 1.01 h for larvae and LT50= 67.52, 27.96,4.11 h for pupae, respectively. Oviposition deterrence of the oil was evaluated on gravid females. In the study, 10% Z. limonella showed 100% repellency for Ae. aegypti and99.53% for Cx. quinquefasciatus. Likewise, oviposition activity indexes of these oil concentrations were all negative values ranging from–0.89 to-1.00 for Ae. aegypti and–0.64 to–0.99 for Cx. quinquefasciatus. The oviposition activity indexes values revealed that Z. limonella oil has deterrent effect, and it caused a remarkable negative response resulting in very few eggs.Conclusions: This result indicates that Z. limonella oil can be used as an effective adulticide, larvicide and oviposition deterrent against Ae. aegypti and Cx. quinquefasciatus.
文摘Study was conducted to assess the possible transfer of heavy metals from livestock feeds to animal products. In experiment-l, samples （n = 503） collected from conventional farms in Central Greece were analysed for heavy metal Copper （Cu）, Zinc （Zn）, Cadmium （Cd）, Lead （Pb）, Nickel （Ni） and Chromium （Cr） contents in muscle tissues, livers, kidneys, excremental and basic mixtures in livestock such as cows and sheep. Results showed that transfer of heavy metal contaminants from feed to animal products fluctuated below the permissible risk levels. In experiment 2, samples （n = 440） of feedstuffs used in different feeding regimens and seasons at different livestock farms [sheep （n = 140）, dairy cows （n = 180）, pigs （n = 120）] were collected. Results showed that relatively high concentration of Cu in the excrements of pigs （155 ＋ 9.13） and Zn in the excrements of sheep （144.56 ＋ 5.78） are explained by the use of Cu in the diet of developing piglets and sheep. Ovine showed higher concentration ofNi, Cr, and Pb in their excrements, while, the concentration of heavy metals in forages was under the allowed range to the EU legislation.
文摘In order to study the effect of salts stress on the growth and yield of wheat (cv. Inqalab), a pot experiment was conducted in the wire-house of the Department of Soil Science, Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam. The soil was artificially salinized to a range of salinity levels i.e . EC 2.16, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0 dS·m<sup>-1</sup> with different salts (MgCl<sub>2</sub> + CaCl<sub>2</sub> + Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>). The salinized soil used for the experiment was sandy clay in texture, alkaline in reaction (pH > 7.0) and moderate in organic matter (0.95%) content. The results showed that with increasing salinity there was an increase in the ECe, Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> and decrease in the K<sup>+</sup>, SAR and ESP values of the soil Increasing salinity, progressively decreased plant height, spike length, number of spikelets spike<sup>-1</sup> 1000 grain weight and yield (straw and grain). Adverse effects of salts on plants were associated with the accumulation of less K<sup>+</sup> and more Na<sup>+</sup> and Cl<sup>-</sup> in their flag leaf sap, grains and straw. This resulted in lower K<sup>+</sup>:5Na<sup>+</sup> ratio in flag leaf sap, grains and straw of wheat plants. These results indicated that the effects of salts stress were greater at 10 than at 8, 6 and 4 EC dS·m<sup>-1</sup>.
文摘This study explored the biodiversity in Local Thai rice Varieties （Oryza sativa L.） during May 2011 to March 2013 by conducting surveys and collecting rice varieties from 4 regions of Thailand. There are altogether 89 varieties of local rice which include 16 in Central region, 12 in Northern region, 23 in Northeastern region, and 38 in Southern region. Among them are of 2 types： 21 varieties of glutinous rice and 68 varieties of non-glutinous rice. Ecological classification suggested 72 varieties of lowland rice, 10 varieties of upland rice, and 7 varieties of floating rice. These varieties of rice were cultivated in the farmer fields of Nongbondaeng sub-district in Banbueng district of Chonburi province during the rainy season and off season between 2011 and 2013 and to capture their agricultural descriptors. Results revealed germination and seedling growth in 33 varieties. The Unknow 2 variety yields maximum weight of 6.47 grams per panicle, while Sor.6 Chumpae variety gives minimum weight of 0.85 grams per panicle. Aye Khong produces highest number of 317 filled grains per panicle, while the lowest is Sewkliang with 5 filled grains per panicle. Gumrai gives biggest size of seed of 0.47 × 1.01 mm, while Sangyod gives smallest size of 0.19 × 0.97 mm.
基金supported by King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang,Ladkrabang,Bangkok 10520,Thailand(Grant No.2560-01-04-003)the National Research Council of Thailand(Grant for the Doctoral Degree Student Fly 2016)
文摘Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Thai herbal shampoos [Cartoxylum formosum(C.formosum) + eucalyptus essential oil(EO), C. formosum + citrus EO, Solanum trilobatum+ eucalyptus EO, Solanum trilobatum + citrus EO, Moringa oleifera + eucalyptus EO and Moringa oleifera + citrus EO] for killing all stages of Pediculus humanus capitis(Phthiraptera).Methods: A filter paper contact method was applied with three concentrations(0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mL/cm^2) of each Thai herbal shampoo as well as permethrin pediculicide(positive control) and drinking water(negative control) against eggs, nymphs and adults of Pediculus humanus capitis. Mortality rates of the eggs were recorded after 7 days of incubation while those of nymphs and adults were recorded after 5 minutes of contact. Results: All herbal shampoos at the high concentration were highly effective against nymphs and adults, but not effective against the eggs. C. formosum + eucalyptus EO and C. formosum + citrus EO shampoos at all concentrations exhibited the highest efficacy against nymphs and adults with100% mortality rate at 5 min and LC_(50) values of 0.004 and 0.005 mL/cm^2, respectively. All formulation of Solanum trilobatum and Moringa oleifera shampoos added with eucalyptus EO showed mortality rates against nymphs at 92.0%-100.0% and 76.0%-100.0% and against adults at 84.0%-100.0% and 20.0%-32.0%, respectively. Permethrin pediculicide was not effective against the eggs, but showed 68.0%-92.0% and 28.0%-60.0% mortality rates against nymphs and adults. Conclusions: These results indicate that C. formosum + eucalyptus EO shampoo can be used as an effective nymphicide and adulticide against Pediculus humanus capitis.
文摘During a 2005 visit with National Agricultural and Forestry Institute (NAFRI) Director, Dr. Kouang Doungsila issued a challenge to these authors to determine if it was true that crops could not be grown in the extensive uplands of Xiengkhouang Province, Laos PDR. In response, a two-phase series of experiments was proposed and implemented. The Phase I experiment was to bring soil from the Xiengkhouang province uplands to a NAFRI greenhouse near Vientiane to assess possible nutrient requirements using a nutrient omission experiment. Simultaneously, soils were collected and analyzed from seven recognized agricultural regions of Laos. The initial Vientiane greenhouse experiment indicated that maize did grow, but there were multiple issues of extreme soil acidity and clear deficiencies of phosphorus and other nutrients. Phase II of the study included field studies on the site of soil selected for the greenhouse study. Field experiments were carried out for two years at the site with yields of maize exceeding 5500 kg⋅ha−1 in the first year and exceeding 6250 kg⋅ha−1 in a subsequent year. Intense symptoms of nutrient zinc (Zn) deficiency were observed, however. In 2008 another experiment was designed and carried out that included a Zn variable. The results from that experiment confirmed that maize yields nearing 6000 kg⋅ha−1 were indeed possible. Substantial amounts of lime were needed to correct the strong soil acidity, and a series of other nutrients including N, P, K, and Zn were also required. Ongoing issues are where to obtain the extensive amounts of limestone needed as well as an evaluation of the residual effect of the limestone The finely ground, very reactive burnt lime residual effect was, as expected, short-lived. The results clearly demonstrated that, indeed, it was possible for maize to be produced in the extensive uplands of Xiengkhouang province, in answer to Director Khouang’s challenging question.
文摘Pasteuria penetrans controls root knots nematodes （Meloidogyne spp.） either by preventing invasion or by causing female sterility. The greatest control effect ofP. penetrans occurred when an efficient quantity ofP. penetrans spores attached to nematodes cuticle. The number of spores attaching to J2s within a given time increased with increasing the time of attachment. Based to that, we produced attachment data in vitro recorded encumbered nematodes 1, 3, 6 and 9 h after placing nematodes in a standard P. penetrans spore suspensions. From the count data obtained we modeled P. penetrans attachment using the Poisson and the negative binomial distribution. Attachment count data observed to be over dispersed with respect to high numbers of spores sticks on each J2 after at 6 and 9 h after spores application. We concluded that negative binomial distribution was shown to be the most appropriate model to fit the observed data sets considering that P. penetrans spores are clumped.
文摘Agricultural research made in recent years has found that many bacterial organisms act like biological control agents with minimal impact on the environment. These microorganisms and their toxic metabolites should be included in those which are acceptable to qualify a product as organic or integrated and enjoy all the benefits that entails. Hence, interest in the use of microorganisms as biological agents to protect crop plants against plant parasitic nematodes has been increasing. This study investigated the ability of.Pseudomonas oryzihabitans symbiotically associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema abbasi as a bioagent against plant parasitic nematodes which infected tomato crop. The bacterium is particularly effective against root-knot nematode in vitro affecting the behavior and mobility of root-knot nematode juveniles. Also, studies in planta demonstrated the efficacy of P. oryzihabitans by preventing tomato root system by invasion of juveniles of Meloidogynejavaniea when bacterial cells were applied to the root system before nematodes. This efficacy is dependent on bacterial cell concentration used and the time of the nematode exposure. However, a better nematode control might be achieved with multiple applications of the biocontrol agent. Furthermore, the results of this study provide evidence that the bacterium P. oryzihabitans produces metabolites, which have nematostatic effects.
基金funded by the Graduate School Fellowship Program in Agriculture and Agro-industry from the Agricultural Research Development Agency(Public Organization)for the fiscal year 2022,the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT),project no.N41A640140 and NRCT-RTA/812/2563,and Kasetsart UniversityNapassorn Thamkirati is financially supported by The Royal Golden Jubilee(RGJ)Ph.D.Program(Grant No.PHD/0138/2561),through the National Research Council of Thailand(NRCT),the Thailand Research Fund(TRF),and Kasetsart University.
文摘InDel markers are commonly used to assess genetic relationships among populations.In this study,we employed a whole-genome sequence comparison method to identify and develop InDel markers for the rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae.We analyzed 152 whole-genome sequences of P.oryzae isolates from diverse global regions,including Brazil,Burundi,China,Colombia,C.te d’Ivoire,France,Ghana,Hungary,India,Japan,Korea,Laos,Madagascar,Mali,Morocco,Nepal,the Philippines,Portugal,Spain,Suriname,Thailand,the UK,the USA,and Zambia.Our analysis identified a total of 233,595 InDel loci distributed across the seven chromosomes of P.oryzae.From these,82 loci were selected based on their high polymorphism across the 152 genome sequences.The effectiveness of these 82 loci was assessed by analyzing the genetic diversity of 47 Thai rice blast isolates alongside two reference isolates,GUY11(France)and KJ201(Korea).Of the 82 InDel loci,33 exhibited polymorphisms,with 2-4 alleles per locus and polymorphic information content(PIC)scores ranging from 0.04 to 0.67.Principal coordinate and structure analyses revealed two genetic subgroups among the Thai rice blast isolates,categorized according to host specificity.Genetic relationships highlighted disparities among rice blast populations based on their respective hosts:rice and grassy weeds.This finding suggests a correlation between genetic relatedness and the plant hosts susceptible to rice blast disease.The newly developed InDel markers provide a valuable resource for future research in this field.
文摘Prolamins(gliadin-related proteins)are cereal proteins which are a source of polypeptides that are toxic to people showing intolerance or allergy to gluten.Therefore,serious safety concerns regarding occasional and routine beer consumption emerge due to the presence of immunoreactive amino acid sequences of cereal origin that remain in the final product.The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of prolamins and gluten in samples of beers(72 commercially available beverages)produced in Central Europe.A competitive ELISA and immunoblotting methods were applied to analyze the presence and concentration of immunoreactive proteins/peptides.Gluten level in the studied beers ranged from 10 to over 6000 mg/kg.Approximately 30%beers could be regarded as gluten-free,around 40%were very low gluten and only 25%beers contained considerable amounts of gluten.The highest level of prolamin content was detected in wheat beers.We demonstrated that these high concentrations of prolamins are probably derived from residues of non-degraded wheat gliadins.
文摘Agroecosystems in water-limited contexts—Mediterranean,semi-arid and arid climatic zones—are too frequently degraded systems that will not provide the needed ecosystem services to ensure a future of sustainable agricultural production.The processes that have created this situation continue and are being accelerated by anthropogenic climate change.Increasing arboreal vegetation in these areas through agroforestry is an important strategy to conserve and improve their agroecosystems.Actinorhizal trees and shrubs in the Casuarinaceae have a unique set of adaptations for heat and water stress,and/or infertile to hostile soils.Central Anatolia,Turkey is particularly at risk of increasing aridity and further degradation.Therefore,species of Allocasuarina and Casuarina have been evaluated for their potential use in agroecosystem improvement in semi-arid areas with a focus on Central Anatolia.Based on a semiquantitative environmental tolerance index and reported plant stature,eight species were identified as being of high(A.verticillata and C.pauper)to moderate(A.acutivalvis,A.decaisneana,A.dielsiana,A.huegeliana,C.cristata and C.obesa)priority for assessment,with none of these species having been adequately evaluated for agroforestry deployment in semi-arid agroecosystems in any context.
