Imprinted genes play a key role in regulating mammalian placental and embryonic development.Here,we generated glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-knockout(Qpct^(-/-))mice utilizing the clustered regularly interspaced ...Imprinted genes play a key role in regulating mammalian placental and embryonic development.Here,we generated glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-knockout(Qpct^(-/-))mice utilizing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)platform and identified Qpct as a novel anti-angiogenic factor in regulating mouse placentation.Compared with Qpct^(+/+)mice,placentae and embryos(Qpct^(-/+)and Qpct^(-/-))showed significant overgrowth at embryonic Day 12.5(E12.5),E15.5,and E18.5.Using single-cell transcriptome analysis of 32309 cells from Qpct^(+/+)and Qpct^(-/-)mouse placentae,we identified 13 cell clusters via single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)(8880 Qpct^(+/+)and 13577 Qpct^(-/-)cells)and 20 cell clusters via single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)(6567 Qpct^(+/+)and 3285 Qpct^(-/-)cells).Furthermore,we observed a global up-regulation of pro-angiogenic genes in the Qpct^(-/-)background.Immunohistochemistry assays revealed a notable increase in the number of blood vessels in the decidual and labyrinthine layers of E15.5 Qpct^(-/+)and Qpct^(-/-)mice.Moreover,the elevation of multiple pairs of ligand-receptor interactions was observed in decidual cells,endothelial cells,and macrophages,promoting angiogenesis and inflammatory response.Our findings indicate that loss of maternal Qpct leads to altered phenotypic characteristics of placentae and embryos and promotes angiogenesis in murine placentae.展开更多
Objective:To determine the effects of textile dyeing industrial wastewater on the hematological parameters and reproductive health including histoarchitecture of male gonad(testes)of mice.Methods:Twenty-four Swiss alb...Objective:To determine the effects of textile dyeing industrial wastewater on the hematological parameters and reproductive health including histoarchitecture of male gonad(testes)of mice.Methods:Twenty-four Swiss albino mice at 4-weeks old were divided into four groups(n=6 per group).Mice of group 1 supplied with normal drinking water were served as the control group.Mice of group 2,3 and 4 were supplied normal drinking water mixed with textile dyeing wastewater at 5%,10% and 20% concentration,respectively.After completing 24 weeks of treatment,different hematological profile,weight of testes,gonadosomatic index(GSI),sperm concentration and morphology were measured.Moreover,histopathological changes in testes were examined.Results:Hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentrations were decreased in all groups of wastewater-treated mice compared to the control group.Likewise,weight of testes,GSI and sperm concentration were decreased significantly in wastewater-treated mice in comparison to the control group.The percentage of morphologically healthy epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in wastewater-treated mice.Histopathological examination revealed degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules,a smaller number of spermatogenic cells,elongation of seminiferous tubules and degenerative changes of seminiferous tubules in wastewater-treated mice.Conclusions:Textile dyeing wastewater has harmful effects on hematological profile and reproductive health of male mice.展开更多
Theories explaining the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） have been proposed ever since Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC） were recognized as the two major forms of the disease....Theories explaining the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） have been proposed ever since Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC） were recognized as the two major forms of the disease. Although the exact cause（s） and mechanisms of tissue damage in CD and UC have yet to be completely understood, enough progress has occurred to accept the following hypothesis as valid： IBD is an inappropriate immune response that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals as the result of a complex interaction among environmental factors, microbial factors, and the intestinal immune system. Among an almost endless list of environmental factors, smoking has been identified as a risk factor for CD and a protective factor for UC. Among microbial factors, no convincing evidence indicates that classical infectious agents cause IBD, while mounting evidence points to an abnormal immune response against the normal enteric flora as being of central importance. Gut inflammation is mediated by cells of the innate as well as adaptive immune systems, with the additional contribution of non-immune cells, such as epithelial, mesenchymal and endothelial cells, and platelets.展开更多
The development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a complex process involving both the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in the liver. Enhanced inflammation in the liver during ethanol exposure is an important c...The development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a complex process involving both the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in the liver. Enhanced inflammation in the liver during ethanol exposure is an important contributor to injury. Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages in liver, are particularly critical to the onset of ethanol-induced liver injury. Chronic ethanol exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharide via Toll-like receptor 4. This sensitization enhances production of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and reactive oxygen species, that contribute to hepatocyte dysfunction, necrosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Impaired resolution of the inflammatory process probably also contributes to ALD. The resolution of inflammation is an active, highly coordinated response that can potentially be manipulated via therapeutic interventions to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have identif ied an adiponectin/interleukin-10/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway that is profoundly effective in dampening the enhanced activation of innate immune responses in primary cultures of Kupffer cells, as well as in an in vivo mouse model of chronic ethanol feeding. Importantly, induction of HO-1 also reduces ethanol-induced hepatocellular apoptosis in this in vivo model. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the development of therapeutic agents to regulate HO-1 and its downstream targets could be useful in enhancing the resolution of inflammation during ALD and preventing progression of early stages of liver injury.展开更多
The combination of levofloxacin and a1 adrenergic antagonist treatment is the current preferred choice for both bacterial and non-bacterial prostatitis. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of a1 adrenerg...The combination of levofloxacin and a1 adrenergic antagonist treatment is the current preferred choice for both bacterial and non-bacterial prostatitis. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of a1 adrenergic antagonists on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin using rat models with acute bacterial prostatitis （ABP） induced by direct injection with Escherichia coil （ATCC25922）, A total of 96 model rats were randomly assigned into two groups： the experimental group （treated with both tamsulosin and levofloxacin, n=48） and the control group （treated with levofloxacin and solvents, n=48）. Six rats from each group were euthanized to collect blood, liver, kidney and prostate samples at the time points of 0. 125, 0.25, 0.5, 1,2, 4, 8 and 12 h after drug administration. The levofloxacin concentrations were detected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the 3p97 software program. There were no obvious differences （P〉0.05） between the experimental and control groups in the major pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin, including the halftime （t1/2）, time to peak （tpeak）, clearance rate （CL）, maximum concentration （Cmax） and area under the curve （AUC0-12）, in the plasma or in the hepatic and kidney tissues of the model rats. However, in the prostatic tissues, tamsulosin increased the Cmax, prolonged the t1/2 and decreased the CL of levofloxacin （P〈0.05）. These results indicate that tamsulosin may enhance the effect of levofloxacin in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis without changing the drug concentration in the liver and kidney.展开更多
Innate-like T cells, namely natural killer T(NKT) and γδ T cells, play critical roles in linking innate and adaptive immune responses through rapid production of cytokines. Prominent among these cytokines is interle...Innate-like T cells, namely natural killer T(NKT) and γδ T cells, play critical roles in linking innate and adaptive immune responses through rapid production of cytokines. Prominent among these cytokines is interleukin-17(IL-17), which is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in host defense against fungi and extracellular bacteria. However, excessive IL-17-production promotes autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. IL-17 has also been implicated in regulating body fat, which is highly relevant given rises in obesity and type 2 diabetes. NKT cells, γδ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells(MAIT) are the major sources of IL-17 involved in protection of mucosal surfaces from opportunistic infections and causing autoimmunity when become dysregulated. Given the pathogenic effects of IL-17, efforts have been directed towards understanding mechanisms that guard against IL-17 overproduction. One novel potent mechanism is mediated by the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, syndecan-1(sdc1), which is selectively expressed by IL-17-producing subsets of NKT and γδ T cells. This unexpected role for sdc1 is uncovered by analysis of NKT and γδ T cells in sdc1-deficient mice. In this mini-review, we discuss selective expression of sdc1 by these innate T cells and consequences of its absence on IL-17 homeostasis and pathological implications.展开更多
Background: Advances in nanotechnology have permitted molecular-based targeting of cells through safe and biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles(MNP). Their use to detect and remove damaged spermatozoa from semen doses ...Background: Advances in nanotechnology have permitted molecular-based targeting of cells through safe and biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles(MNP). Their use to detect and remove damaged spermatozoa from semen doses could be of great interest. Here, MNP were synthesized and tested for their ability to target apoptotic(annexin V) and acrosome-reacted(lectin) boar spermatozoa, for high-throughout retrieval in a magnetic field(nanoselection). The potential impacts of nanoselection on sperm functions and performance of offspring sired by sperm subjected to nanoselection were determined. Fresh harvested and extended boar semen was mixed with various amounts(0, 87.5, and 175 μg) of MNP-conjugates(Annexin V-MNP or Lectin-MNP) and incubated(10 to15 min) for 37 °C in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, extended semen was mixed with optimal concentrations of MNP-conjugates and incubated(0, 30, 90, or 120 min). In Exp. 3, the synergistic effects of both MNP-conjugates(87.5 μg– 30 min)on spermatozoa was evaluated, followed by sperm fertility assessments through pregnancy of inseminated gilts and performance of neonatal offspring. Sperm motion, viability, and morphology characteristics were evaluated in all experiments.Results: Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and hyperspectral imaging techniques were used to confirm attachment of MNP-conjugates to damaged spermatozoa. The motility of nanoselected spermatozoa was improved(P < 0.05). The viability of boar sperm, as assessed by the abundance of reactive oxygen species and the integrity of the acrosome, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial membrane was not different between nanoselected and control spermatozoa. The fertility of gilts inseminated with control or nanoselected spermatozoa, as well as growth and health of their offspring were not different between(P > 0.05).Conclusions: The findings revealed the benefit of magnetic nanoselection for high-throughput targeting of damaged sperm, for removal and rapid and effortless enrichment of semen doses with highly motile, viable,and fertile spermatozoa. Therefore, magnetic nanoselection for removal of abnormal spermatozoa from semen is a promising tool for improving fertility of males, particularly during periods, such as heat stress during the summer months.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp isolated from healthy,diseased and necropsied cows and calves in this observational study.Methods:Nineteen isolates recovered from ...Objective:To evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp isolated from healthy,diseased and necropsied cows and calves in this observational study.Methods:Nineteen isolates recovered from feces and tissues of salmonellosis-affected animals of two commercial farms in north-east of Iran.In second part of the study,the two farms were sampled 4 times with an interval of 2 month.The samples included calves'feces,adult cows'feces,feeds,water,milk filters,and milk fed to calves.Five Salmonella were isolated from 332fecal samples collected from calves and peri-parturient cows.No Salmonella was recovered from water,feed,milk filers and milk fed to calves.Results:Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequently isolate among all sero-groups.S.Dublin was only accounted for 8%(two out of 24)of isolates.Isolated Salmonella strains were used for the ERIC PCR DNA fingerprinting assay.Our results grouped Salmonella isolates into 3 clusters,suggesting that specific genotypes were responsible for each sero-group of Salmonella.The results also revealed diversity among Salmonella isolates in cluster III(sero-group B).Eighteen out of 19 Salmonella spp.were resistant to oxytetracycline.Five isolates out of 19 showed more than one drug resistance.Multi-drug resistance was seen only among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates.Enrofloxacin was the most susceptible antibiotic against all isolates in this study.Conclusion:The emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium should be of great concern to the public.No correlation between ERIC fingerprinting and resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates was found,which indicates resistance to antimicrobial agents was not related to specific genetic background.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevalence of viral myocarditis worldwide.Methods:We conducted a systematic search for the prevalence of the most common viruses in myocarditis and 75 studies were included for statistical...Objective:To investigate the prevalence of viral myocarditis worldwide.Methods:We conducted a systematic search for the prevalence of the most common viruses in myocarditis and 75 studies were included for statistical analysis of the prevalence of adenovirus,hepatitis C virus,cytomegalovirus,Ebola virus,human herpesvirus 6,influenza virus,parvovirus,and non-polio enteroviruses.Results:The highest prevalence was related to B19(25.0%)and non-polio enteroviruses(18%).The prevalence of human herpesvirus 6,cytomegalovirus,and Ebola virus was12.8%,5.5%,and 3.1%,respectively.Hepatitis C virus accounted for 6.1%of the disease,the adenoviruses contributed to 5.2%of viral myocarditis.The lowest incidence was related to the influenza virus with 2.0%.Conclusions:Treatment of myocarditis is still problematic and may depend on the etiologic diagnosis.So it is important to know the commonly occurring viral factors in myocarditis and timely diagnosis and treatment are also imperative.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the expression and activity of NAD（P）H quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） in human liver specimens obtained from patients with liver damage due to acetaminophen （APAP） overdose or primary bilia...AIM： To investigate the expression and activity of NAD（P）H quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） in human liver specimens obtained from patients with liver damage due to acetaminophen （APAP） overdose or primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC）. METHODS： NQOt activity was determined in cytosol from normal, APAP and PBC liver specimens. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine patterns of NQO1 expression using a specific antibody against NQO1. RESULTS： NQO1 protein was very low in normal human livers. In both APAP and PBC livers, there was strong induction of NQO1 protein levels on Western blot. Correspondingly, significant up-regulation of enzyme activity （16- and 22-fold, P〈0.05） was also observed in APAP and PBC livers, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis highlighted injury-specific patterns of NQO1 staining in both APAP and PBC livers. CONCLUSION： These data demonstrate that NQO1 protein and activity are markedly induced in human livers during both APAP overdose and PBC. Up-regulation of this cytoprotective enzyme may represent an adaptive stress response to limit further disease progression by detoxifying reactive species.展开更多
Background: Hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) is an important biomarker of hepatitis B virus infection. However, the current methods are not specific and sensitive. The present study aimed ...Background: Hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) is an important biomarker of hepatitis B virus infection. However, the current methods are not specific and sensitive. The present study aimed to develop a specific and sensitive assay method for the quantification of HBV cccDNA. Methods: Exonuclease Ⅰ(Exo Ⅰ)& Exonuclease Ⅲ(Exo Ⅲ) and specific primer probes are used in real-time PCR. The virus particles isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used as negative control and HBV1.3 recombinant plasmid 3.2 kb circular DNA fragment was used as positive control. The methods of cccDNA detection were evaluated in cell lines, plasmid, animal model, patient serum and liver biopsies. Results: A linear range of 10 1 –10 7 copies/assay using specific primers for HBV cccDNA was established. HBV cccDNA were only detected in cell lines, animal model and liver tissue. It cannot be detected in serum samples. Intrahepatic HBV cccDNA level had good correlation with intrahepatic total HBV DNA level ( r = 0.765, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The real-time quantitative PCR is an effective and feasible method for sensitive and specific detection of low copy number of cccDNA. The novel detection method is fast, provides high sensitivity and specificity and can be used in clinical practice.展开更多
The effects of survivin antisense RNA on proliferation of leukemia cell line HL-60 and taxol-induced chemotherapy was explored. A cDNA fragment of survivin obtained by RT-PCR was inserted into a plamid vector named pc...The effects of survivin antisense RNA on proliferation of leukemia cell line HL-60 and taxol-induced chemotherapy was explored. A cDNA fragment of survivin obtained by RT-PCR was inserted into a plamid vector named pcDNA3 in the reverse direction. The vector encoding antisense RNA of survivin was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was delivered into HL-60 cells by electroporation. Growth curves were plotted based on cell counting. Trypan blue dye exclusion assay and MTT assay were carried out after the cells were incubated with taxol. DNA gel electrophoresis and nuclear staining were performed for cell apoptosis assay. The correct construction of the recombinant plasmid has been identified by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. A stable down-regulation has been achieved in HL-60 SVVas cells after G418 selection. Compared to HL-60 cells, the proliferation of HL-60 SVVas cells was significantly inhibited （P〈0.05）. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that IC50 of HL-60 SVVas for taxol was relatively lower than controls （P〈0.01）. Apoptosis assays revealed that taxol-induced apoptosis was detected in HL-60 SVVas cells incubated with 50 ng/ml taxol for 12 h, while in HL-60 cells incubated with 100 ng/ml taxol for 72 h. It was suggested that Survivin antisense RNA could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells and enhance taxol-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, which may lay an experimental foundation for further research on gene therapy in leukemia.展开更多
AIM： To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic （SMAD）3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with He- Iicobacter hepaticus （H. hepaticus）. METHODS： SMAD3/...AIM： To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic （SMAD）3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with He- Iicobacter hepaticus （H. hepaticus）. METHODS： SMAD3/ （n = L9） and colitis-resistant SMAD3＋/ （n = 24） mice （8-10 wk of age） were in- fected with/-/, hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations [T lymphocytes, natural killer （NK） cells, T regulatory cells] were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes （MsLNs） at 0 d, 3 d, 7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry. Genotype-dependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B＋ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： As previously observed, SMAD3＋, but not SMAD3＋/- mice, developed colitis, peaking at 4 wk post-infection. No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the MsLNs between genotypes at any time point. However, CD4＋ and CD8＋/ CD62L＋＋ cells, an effector T lymphocyte population, as well as NK cells （NKp46/DX5＋） were significantly higher in the MsLNs of SMAD3/ mice at 7 d and 28 d post-in- fection. In the colon, a higher number of CD3＋ cells were present in SMAD3＋ compared to SMAD3＋/- mice at base- line, which did not significantly change during infection. However, the number of granzyme B＋ cells, a marker of cytolytic lymphoo/tes, significantly increased in SMAD3＋ mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SMAD3＋/- mice and to baseline values. This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals. CONCLUSION： Data suggest that defects in SMAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to H. hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphoo/tes.展开更多
AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) form...AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) forms of Leishmania major were evaluated in this study. METHOD: In the first stage, promastigote forms of L. major, were treated with different doses of the plant extracts in a 96-well tissue-culture microplate and IC50 values for each extract were measured with colorimetric MTT assay. In the second stage, macrophage cells were infected with L. major promastigotes. Infected macrophages were treated with plant extracts. Then the macrophages were stained with Gimsa and the number of infected macrophages and amastigotes were counted with a light microscope. RESULTS: The results indicated that the plant extracts inhibited the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. Inhibitory concentrations(IC50) for promastigote assay were 108.19, 155.15, and 184.32 μg·mL-1 for C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds and S. officinalis, respectively. The extracts also reduced the number of amastigotes in macrophage cells from 264 for control group to 88, 97, and 102 for test groups. Although the anti-leishmanial activity of the extracts were not comparable with the standard drug, miltefosine; but they showed significant efficiency in reducing the number of amastigotes in macrophages, in comparison with the control group(P < 0.001). These plant extracts had lower toxicity compared with miltefosine. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of the methanolic extracts of C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds, and S. officinalis leaves to control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to determine how an E. coil challenge and dietary clays affect the intestinal barrier of pigs. Two groups of 32 pigs （initial BW： 6.9 ± 1.0 kg） were distributed in a 2 x 4 factorial...An experiment was conducted to determine how an E. coil challenge and dietary clays affect the intestinal barrier of pigs. Two groups of 32 pigs （initial BW： 6.9 ± 1.0 kg） were distributed in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of a randomized complete block design （2 challenge treatments： sham or E. coil, and 4 dietary treatments： control, 0.3% smectite A, 0.3% smectite B and 0.3% zeolite）, with 8 replicates total. Diarrhea score, growth performance, goblet cell size and number, bacterial translocation from intestinal lumen to lymph nodes, intestinal morphology, and relative amounts of sulfo and sialo mucins were measured. The E. coli challenge reduced performance, increased goblet cell size and number in the ileum, increased bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen to the lymph nodes, and increased ileal crypt depth. One of the clays （smectite A） tended to increase goblet cell size in ileum, which may indicate enhanced protection. In conclusion, E. coli infection degrades intestinal barrier integrity but smectite A may enhance it.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the scolicidal effect of the Satureja khuzistanica(S.khusistanica) essential oil from aerial parts of this herbal plant.Methods:The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method.Gas c...Objective:To investigate the scolicidal effect of the Satureja khuzistanica(S.khusistanica) essential oil from aerial parts of this herbal plant.Methods:The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method.Gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil.Protoscolices were collected aseptically from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst.Protoscolices were exposed to various concentrations of the oil(3,5 and 10 mg/mL) for 10,20,30,and 60 min.Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1%eosin staining.Results:A total of 19 compounds representing 97.6%of the total oil,were identified.Carvacrol(94.9%) was found to be the major essential oil constituent.Scolicidal activity of S.khuzistanica essential oil at concentration of 3 mg/mL was 28.58,32.71,37.20 and 42.02%,respectively.This essential oil at concentration of 5 mg/ mL killed 51.33,66.68,81.12,and 100%.of protoscolices after 10,20,30 and 60 min,respectively. One hundred scolicidal effect was observed with S.khuzistanica essenlial oil at the concentration of 10 mg/mL after 10 min(comparing with 7.19%for control group).Conclusions:The essenlial oil of S.khuzistanica is rich in carvacrol and may be used as a natural scolicidal agent.展开更多
Objective:To determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii) antibody positive randomly selected dairy herds in southeast Iran(Kerman).Methods:Bulk tank milk samples were collected randomly from 44 sufficien...Objective:To determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii) antibody positive randomly selected dairy herds in southeast Iran(Kerman).Methods:Bulk tank milk samples were collected randomly from 44 sufficiently large commercial dairy herds,included near 12 000 dairy cattle,in Kerman(The largest province of Iran),southeast Iran.The samples were tested for antibodies against C.burnetii using the commercial CHEKIT(?) Q fever antibody ELISA Test Kit(Idexx,Liebefeld-Bern,Switzerland).Results:The prevalence of positive,negative and intermediate herds were 45.4%,43.2%and 11.4%,respectively.Conclusions:The result supports the hypothesis of high prevalence and endemic pattern of Q fever in Iran.This investigation highlights the importance of further studies on Q fever in Iran.展开更多
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome （SDS） is a multi-system disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, pancreatic insufficiency, skeletal abnormalities, and increased risk of leukemic transformation. Most patients with S...Shwachman-Diamond syndrome （SDS） is a multi-system disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, pancreatic insufficiency, skeletal abnormalities, and increased risk of leukemic transformation. Most patients with SDS contain mutations in the Shwachman- Bodian-Diamond syndrome gene （SBDS）, encoding a highly conserved protein that has been implicated in ribosome biogenesis. Emerging evidence also suggests a distinct role of SBDS beyond protein translation. Using the yeast model of SDS, we examined the underlying mechanisms that cause cells lacking Sdolp, the yeast SBDS ortholog, to exhibit reduced tolerance to various stress conditions. Our analysis indicates that the environmental stress response （ESR）, heat shock response （HSR）, and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response （UPR） of sdolA cells are functional and that defects in these pathways do not produce the phenotypes observed in sdolh yeast. Depletion of mitochondlial DNA （mtDNA） was observed in sdolh cells, and this is a probable cause of the mitochondrial insufficiency in SDS. Prior disruption of POR1, encoding the mitochondrial voltage dependent anion channel （VDAC）, abrogated the effects of SD01 deletion and substantially restored resistance to environmental stressors and protected against damage to mtDNA. Conversely, wild-type cells over-expressing POR1 exhibited growth impairment and increased stress sensitivity similar to that seen in sdolA cells. Overall, our results suggest that specific VDAC inhibitors may have therapeutic benefits for SDS patients.展开更多
Objective:To identify the genotypes of prevalent Cryptosporidia in broiler chickens in Lorestan province,Iran.Methods:A total of 1 000 fecal and 1 000 trachea samples were collected from chickens.Smears from both feca...Objective:To identify the genotypes of prevalent Cryptosporidia in broiler chickens in Lorestan province,Iran.Methods:A total of 1 000 fecal and 1 000 trachea samples were collected from chickens.Smears from both fecal and tracheal samples were stained with modified ZiehlNeelsen method and nested PCR-RFTP according to amplification of 18S rRNA gene using Ssp1 and Vsp 1 restriction enzymes and DNA sequencing.Results:From the examined chickens0.7%was positive for Cryptosporidium,Infection was present in 0.3%fecal samples and also in0.5%trachea.Only 0.3%of simultaneous infections in fecal and tracheal samples were observed.Nested PCR of our isolates demonstrated Cryptosporidium baileyi.Conclusions:In our work,low rate of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection was detected,but in critical situations and our poor management circumstances,cryptosporidiosis occurs in serious feature especially in immune suppressed individuals.展开更多
Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly in the veterinary literature.This malformation is characterized by a cystic mass of non-functioning primitive lung tissue that does not communicate with the tracheo...Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly in the veterinary literature.This malformation is characterized by a cystic mass of non-functioning primitive lung tissue that does not communicate with the tracheobronchial tree or with the pulmonary arteries.This article describes gross and histopathological characteristics of extralobar pulmonary sequestration in a dog.Crossly,a mass was observed in the left side of the thoracic cavity,closed to the caudal lobes of the lung,without communication with the tracheobronchial tree and the pulmonary arteries that was separated by pleural covering.Histopathologic examination showed emphysematous alveoli and bronchi,hypertrophy of smooth muscles and presence of the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue.Therefore,based on microscopic findings,extralobar pulmonary sequestration was diagnosed.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of extralobar pulmonary sequestration in dog.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271165)the Interdisciplinary Project in Ocean Research of Tongji University(No.2022-2-ZD-02),China.
文摘Imprinted genes play a key role in regulating mammalian placental and embryonic development.Here,we generated glutaminyl-peptide cyclotransferase-knockout(Qpct^(-/-))mice utilizing the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9(Cas9)platform and identified Qpct as a novel anti-angiogenic factor in regulating mouse placentation.Compared with Qpct^(+/+)mice,placentae and embryos(Qpct^(-/+)and Qpct^(-/-))showed significant overgrowth at embryonic Day 12.5(E12.5),E15.5,and E18.5.Using single-cell transcriptome analysis of 32309 cells from Qpct^(+/+)and Qpct^(-/-)mouse placentae,we identified 13 cell clusters via single-nucleus RNA sequencing(snRNA-seq)(8880 Qpct^(+/+)and 13577 Qpct^(-/-)cells)and 20 cell clusters via single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)(6567 Qpct^(+/+)and 3285 Qpct^(-/-)cells).Furthermore,we observed a global up-regulation of pro-angiogenic genes in the Qpct^(-/-)background.Immunohistochemistry assays revealed a notable increase in the number of blood vessels in the decidual and labyrinthine layers of E15.5 Qpct^(-/+)and Qpct^(-/-)mice.Moreover,the elevation of multiple pairs of ligand-receptor interactions was observed in decidual cells,endothelial cells,and macrophages,promoting angiogenesis and inflammatory response.Our findings indicate that loss of maternal Qpct leads to altered phenotypic characteristics of placentae and embryos and promotes angiogenesis in murine placentae.
基金funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of the Government of People’s Republic of Bangladesh(163-BS/2020-2021).
文摘Objective:To determine the effects of textile dyeing industrial wastewater on the hematological parameters and reproductive health including histoarchitecture of male gonad(testes)of mice.Methods:Twenty-four Swiss albino mice at 4-weeks old were divided into four groups(n=6 per group).Mice of group 1 supplied with normal drinking water were served as the control group.Mice of group 2,3 and 4 were supplied normal drinking water mixed with textile dyeing wastewater at 5%,10% and 20% concentration,respectively.After completing 24 weeks of treatment,different hematological profile,weight of testes,gonadosomatic index(GSI),sperm concentration and morphology were measured.Moreover,histopathological changes in testes were examined.Results:Hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentrations were decreased in all groups of wastewater-treated mice compared to the control group.Likewise,weight of testes,GSI and sperm concentration were decreased significantly in wastewater-treated mice in comparison to the control group.The percentage of morphologically healthy epididymal sperm was significantly reduced in wastewater-treated mice.Histopathological examination revealed degenerative changes in seminiferous tubules,a smaller number of spermatogenic cells,elongation of seminiferous tubules and degenerative changes of seminiferous tubules in wastewater-treated mice.Conclusions:Textile dyeing wastewater has harmful effects on hematological profile and reproductive health of male mice.
基金Supported by a grant from the Broad Medical Research Program toS.D
文摘Theories explaining the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease （IBD） have been proposed ever since Crohn＇s disease （CD） and ulcerative colitis （UC） were recognized as the two major forms of the disease. Although the exact cause（s） and mechanisms of tissue damage in CD and UC have yet to be completely understood, enough progress has occurred to accept the following hypothesis as valid： IBD is an inappropriate immune response that occurs in genetically susceptible individuals as the result of a complex interaction among environmental factors, microbial factors, and the intestinal immune system. Among an almost endless list of environmental factors, smoking has been identified as a risk factor for CD and a protective factor for UC. Among microbial factors, no convincing evidence indicates that classical infectious agents cause IBD, while mounting evidence points to an abnormal immune response against the normal enteric flora as being of central importance. Gut inflammation is mediated by cells of the innate as well as adaptive immune systems, with the additional contribution of non-immune cells, such as epithelial, mesenchymal and endothelial cells, and platelets.
基金Supported by (in part) NIH Grants No. RO1AA0011975Supported by (in part) NIH Grants No. R56AA001975Supported by (in part) NIH Grants No. RO1AA011876
文摘The development of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a complex process involving both the parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in the liver. Enhanced inflammation in the liver during ethanol exposure is an important contributor to injury. Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages in liver, are particularly critical to the onset of ethanol-induced liver injury. Chronic ethanol exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharide via Toll-like receptor 4. This sensitization enhances production of inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and reactive oxygen species, that contribute to hepatocyte dysfunction, necrosis, apoptosis, and fibrosis. Impaired resolution of the inflammatory process probably also contributes to ALD. The resolution of inflammation is an active, highly coordinated response that can potentially be manipulated via therapeutic interventions to treat chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have identif ied an adiponectin/interleukin-10/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway that is profoundly effective in dampening the enhanced activation of innate immune responses in primary cultures of Kupffer cells, as well as in an in vivo mouse model of chronic ethanol feeding. Importantly, induction of HO-1 also reduces ethanol-induced hepatocellular apoptosis in this in vivo model. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the development of therapeutic agents to regulate HO-1 and its downstream targets could be useful in enhancing the resolution of inflammation during ALD and preventing progression of early stages of liver injury.
文摘The combination of levofloxacin and a1 adrenergic antagonist treatment is the current preferred choice for both bacterial and non-bacterial prostatitis. The aim of this study is to explore the influence of a1 adrenergic antagonists on the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin using rat models with acute bacterial prostatitis （ABP） induced by direct injection with Escherichia coil （ATCC25922）, A total of 96 model rats were randomly assigned into two groups： the experimental group （treated with both tamsulosin and levofloxacin, n=48） and the control group （treated with levofloxacin and solvents, n=48）. Six rats from each group were euthanized to collect blood, liver, kidney and prostate samples at the time points of 0. 125, 0.25, 0.5, 1,2, 4, 8 and 12 h after drug administration. The levofloxacin concentrations were detected by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the 3p97 software program. There were no obvious differences （P〉0.05） between the experimental and control groups in the major pharmacokinetic parameters of levofloxacin, including the halftime （t1/2）, time to peak （tpeak）, clearance rate （CL）, maximum concentration （Cmax） and area under the curve （AUC0-12）, in the plasma or in the hepatic and kidney tissues of the model rats. However, in the prostatic tissues, tamsulosin increased the Cmax, prolonged the t1/2 and decreased the CL of levofloxacin （P〈0.05）. These results indicate that tamsulosin may enhance the effect of levofloxacin in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis without changing the drug concentration in the liver and kidney.
文摘Innate-like T cells, namely natural killer T(NKT) and γδ T cells, play critical roles in linking innate and adaptive immune responses through rapid production of cytokines. Prominent among these cytokines is interleukin-17(IL-17), which is a potent proinflammatory cytokine that plays a critical role in host defense against fungi and extracellular bacteria. However, excessive IL-17-production promotes autoimmune diseases, including psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus. IL-17 has also been implicated in regulating body fat, which is highly relevant given rises in obesity and type 2 diabetes. NKT cells, γδ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells(MAIT) are the major sources of IL-17 involved in protection of mucosal surfaces from opportunistic infections and causing autoimmunity when become dysregulated. Given the pathogenic effects of IL-17, efforts have been directed towards understanding mechanisms that guard against IL-17 overproduction. One novel potent mechanism is mediated by the heparan sulfate proteoglycan, syndecan-1(sdc1), which is selectively expressed by IL-17-producing subsets of NKT and γδ T cells. This unexpected role for sdc1 is uncovered by analysis of NKT and γδ T cells in sdc1-deficient mice. In this mini-review, we discuss selective expression of sdc1 by these innate T cells and consequences of its absence on IL-17 homeostasis and pathological implications.
基金supported by the USDA-ARS Biophotonics(grant#58–6402–3-018)the Undergraduate Research Scholar Program of the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences(CALS)and Mississippi Agricultural and Forestery Experiment Station(MAFES)
文摘Background: Advances in nanotechnology have permitted molecular-based targeting of cells through safe and biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles(MNP). Their use to detect and remove damaged spermatozoa from semen doses could be of great interest. Here, MNP were synthesized and tested for their ability to target apoptotic(annexin V) and acrosome-reacted(lectin) boar spermatozoa, for high-throughout retrieval in a magnetic field(nanoselection). The potential impacts of nanoselection on sperm functions and performance of offspring sired by sperm subjected to nanoselection were determined. Fresh harvested and extended boar semen was mixed with various amounts(0, 87.5, and 175 μg) of MNP-conjugates(Annexin V-MNP or Lectin-MNP) and incubated(10 to15 min) for 37 °C in Exp. 1. In Exp. 2, extended semen was mixed with optimal concentrations of MNP-conjugates and incubated(0, 30, 90, or 120 min). In Exp. 3, the synergistic effects of both MNP-conjugates(87.5 μg– 30 min)on spermatozoa was evaluated, followed by sperm fertility assessments through pregnancy of inseminated gilts and performance of neonatal offspring. Sperm motion, viability, and morphology characteristics were evaluated in all experiments.Results: Transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and hyperspectral imaging techniques were used to confirm attachment of MNP-conjugates to damaged spermatozoa. The motility of nanoselected spermatozoa was improved(P < 0.05). The viability of boar sperm, as assessed by the abundance of reactive oxygen species and the integrity of the acrosome, plasma membrane, and mitochondrial membrane was not different between nanoselected and control spermatozoa. The fertility of gilts inseminated with control or nanoselected spermatozoa, as well as growth and health of their offspring were not different between(P > 0.05).Conclusions: The findings revealed the benefit of magnetic nanoselection for high-throughput targeting of damaged sperm, for removal and rapid and effortless enrichment of semen doses with highly motile, viable,and fertile spermatozoa. Therefore, magnetic nanoselection for removal of abnormal spermatozoa from semen is a promising tool for improving fertility of males, particularly during periods, such as heat stress during the summer months.
基金supported by research fund of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad(grant number:353-88/4/20)center of excellence in ruminant abortion and neonatal mortality(project number:342-89/4/7)
文摘Objective:To evaluate serovar and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella spp isolated from healthy,diseased and necropsied cows and calves in this observational study.Methods:Nineteen isolates recovered from feces and tissues of salmonellosis-affected animals of two commercial farms in north-east of Iran.In second part of the study,the two farms were sampled 4 times with an interval of 2 month.The samples included calves'feces,adult cows'feces,feeds,water,milk filters,and milk fed to calves.Five Salmonella were isolated from 332fecal samples collected from calves and peri-parturient cows.No Salmonella was recovered from water,feed,milk filers and milk fed to calves.Results:Salmonella Typhimurium was the most frequently isolate among all sero-groups.S.Dublin was only accounted for 8%(two out of 24)of isolates.Isolated Salmonella strains were used for the ERIC PCR DNA fingerprinting assay.Our results grouped Salmonella isolates into 3 clusters,suggesting that specific genotypes were responsible for each sero-group of Salmonella.The results also revealed diversity among Salmonella isolates in cluster III(sero-group B).Eighteen out of 19 Salmonella spp.were resistant to oxytetracycline.Five isolates out of 19 showed more than one drug resistance.Multi-drug resistance was seen only among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates.Enrofloxacin was the most susceptible antibiotic against all isolates in this study.Conclusion:The emergence of multiple antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella Typhimurium should be of great concern to the public.No correlation between ERIC fingerprinting and resistance patterns of Salmonella isolates was found,which indicates resistance to antimicrobial agents was not related to specific genetic background.
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence of viral myocarditis worldwide.Methods:We conducted a systematic search for the prevalence of the most common viruses in myocarditis and 75 studies were included for statistical analysis of the prevalence of adenovirus,hepatitis C virus,cytomegalovirus,Ebola virus,human herpesvirus 6,influenza virus,parvovirus,and non-polio enteroviruses.Results:The highest prevalence was related to B19(25.0%)and non-polio enteroviruses(18%).The prevalence of human herpesvirus 6,cytomegalovirus,and Ebola virus was12.8%,5.5%,and 3.1%,respectively.Hepatitis C virus accounted for 6.1%of the disease,the adenoviruses contributed to 5.2%of viral myocarditis.The lowest incidence was related to the influenza virus with 2.0%.Conclusions:Treatment of myocarditis is still problematic and may depend on the etiologic diagnosis.So it is important to know the commonly occurring viral factors in myocarditis and timely diagnosis and treatment are also imperative.
文摘AIM： To investigate the expression and activity of NAD（P）H quinone oxidoreductase 1 （NQO1） in human liver specimens obtained from patients with liver damage due to acetaminophen （APAP） overdose or primary biliary cirrhosis （PBC）. METHODS： NQOt activity was determined in cytosol from normal, APAP and PBC liver specimens. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to determine patterns of NQO1 expression using a specific antibody against NQO1. RESULTS： NQO1 protein was very low in normal human livers. In both APAP and PBC livers, there was strong induction of NQO1 protein levels on Western blot. Correspondingly, significant up-regulation of enzyme activity （16- and 22-fold, P〈0.05） was also observed in APAP and PBC livers, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis highlighted injury-specific patterns of NQO1 staining in both APAP and PBC livers. CONCLUSION： These data demonstrate that NQO1 protein and activity are markedly induced in human livers during both APAP overdose and PBC. Up-regulation of this cytoprotective enzyme may represent an adaptive stress response to limit further disease progression by detoxifying reactive species.
基金supported by grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(81471933 and 81672009)the National Science and Technology Major Project for Infectious Diseases(2013ZX10002-001)Shanghai Innovation and Development Fund(15DZ1940803)
文摘Background: Hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA (HBV cccDNA) is an important biomarker of hepatitis B virus infection. However, the current methods are not specific and sensitive. The present study aimed to develop a specific and sensitive assay method for the quantification of HBV cccDNA. Methods: Exonuclease Ⅰ(Exo Ⅰ)& Exonuclease Ⅲ(Exo Ⅲ) and specific primer probes are used in real-time PCR. The virus particles isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells were used as negative control and HBV1.3 recombinant plasmid 3.2 kb circular DNA fragment was used as positive control. The methods of cccDNA detection were evaluated in cell lines, plasmid, animal model, patient serum and liver biopsies. Results: A linear range of 10 1 –10 7 copies/assay using specific primers for HBV cccDNA was established. HBV cccDNA were only detected in cell lines, animal model and liver tissue. It cannot be detected in serum samples. Intrahepatic HBV cccDNA level had good correlation with intrahepatic total HBV DNA level ( r = 0.765, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The real-time quantitative PCR is an effective and feasible method for sensitive and specific detection of low copy number of cccDNA. The novel detection method is fast, provides high sensitivity and specificity and can be used in clinical practice.
基金grants from the 863 program of China (No.2006AA02Z158)Wuhan Development Program of China (No. 2003500201628)
文摘The effects of survivin antisense RNA on proliferation of leukemia cell line HL-60 and taxol-induced chemotherapy was explored. A cDNA fragment of survivin obtained by RT-PCR was inserted into a plamid vector named pcDNA3 in the reverse direction. The vector encoding antisense RNA of survivin was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The recombinant plasmid was delivered into HL-60 cells by electroporation. Growth curves were plotted based on cell counting. Trypan blue dye exclusion assay and MTT assay were carried out after the cells were incubated with taxol. DNA gel electrophoresis and nuclear staining were performed for cell apoptosis assay. The correct construction of the recombinant plasmid has been identified by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. A stable down-regulation has been achieved in HL-60 SVVas cells after G418 selection. Compared to HL-60 cells, the proliferation of HL-60 SVVas cells was significantly inhibited （P〈0.05）. Cytotoxicity assays indicated that IC50 of HL-60 SVVas for taxol was relatively lower than controls （P〈0.01）. Apoptosis assays revealed that taxol-induced apoptosis was detected in HL-60 SVVas cells incubated with 50 ng/ml taxol for 12 h, while in HL-60 cells incubated with 100 ng/ml taxol for 72 h. It was suggested that Survivin antisense RNA could inhibit the proliferation of HL-60 cells and enhance taxol-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells, which may lay an experimental foundation for further research on gene therapy in leukemia.
基金Supported by AgBio Research Center at Michigan State University
文摘AIM： To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic （SMAD）3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with He- Iicobacter hepaticus （H. hepaticus）. METHODS： SMAD3/ （n = L9） and colitis-resistant SMAD3＋/ （n = 24） mice （8-10 wk of age） were in- fected with/-/, hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations [T lymphocytes, natural killer （NK） cells, T regulatory cells] were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes （MsLNs） at 0 d, 3 d, 7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry. Genotype-dependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B＋ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS： As previously observed, SMAD3＋, but not SMAD3＋/- mice, developed colitis, peaking at 4 wk post-infection. No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the MsLNs between genotypes at any time point. However, CD4＋ and CD8＋/ CD62L＋＋ cells, an effector T lymphocyte population, as well as NK cells （NKp46/DX5＋） were significantly higher in the MsLNs of SMAD3/ mice at 7 d and 28 d post-in- fection. In the colon, a higher number of CD3＋ cells were present in SMAD3＋ compared to SMAD3＋/- mice at base- line, which did not significantly change during infection. However, the number of granzyme B＋ cells, a marker of cytolytic lymphoo/tes, significantly increased in SMAD3＋ mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SMAD3＋/- mice and to baseline values. This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals. CONCLUSION： Data suggest that defects in SMAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to H. hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphoo/tes.
文摘AIM: The anti-leishmanial activity of methanolic extracts of Calendula officinalis flowers, Datura stramonium seeds, and Salvia officinalis leaves against extracellular(promastigote) and intracellular(amastigote) forms of Leishmania major were evaluated in this study. METHOD: In the first stage, promastigote forms of L. major, were treated with different doses of the plant extracts in a 96-well tissue-culture microplate and IC50 values for each extract were measured with colorimetric MTT assay. In the second stage, macrophage cells were infected with L. major promastigotes. Infected macrophages were treated with plant extracts. Then the macrophages were stained with Gimsa and the number of infected macrophages and amastigotes were counted with a light microscope. RESULTS: The results indicated that the plant extracts inhibited the growth of promastigotes and amastigotes of L. major. Inhibitory concentrations(IC50) for promastigote assay were 108.19, 155.15, and 184.32 μg·mL-1 for C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds and S. officinalis, respectively. The extracts also reduced the number of amastigotes in macrophage cells from 264 for control group to 88, 97, and 102 for test groups. Although the anti-leishmanial activity of the extracts were not comparable with the standard drug, miltefosine; but they showed significant efficiency in reducing the number of amastigotes in macrophages, in comparison with the control group(P < 0.001). These plant extracts had lower toxicity compared with miltefosine. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the potential efficacy of the methanolic extracts of C. officinalis flowers, D. stramonium seeds, and S. officinalis leaves to control of cutaneous leishmaniasis.
基金Financial support from Milwhite,Inc.,Brownsville,TX
文摘An experiment was conducted to determine how an E. coil challenge and dietary clays affect the intestinal barrier of pigs. Two groups of 32 pigs （initial BW： 6.9 ± 1.0 kg） were distributed in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of a randomized complete block design （2 challenge treatments： sham or E. coil, and 4 dietary treatments： control, 0.3% smectite A, 0.3% smectite B and 0.3% zeolite）, with 8 replicates total. Diarrhea score, growth performance, goblet cell size and number, bacterial translocation from intestinal lumen to lymph nodes, intestinal morphology, and relative amounts of sulfo and sialo mucins were measured. The E. coli challenge reduced performance, increased goblet cell size and number in the ileum, increased bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen to the lymph nodes, and increased ileal crypt depth. One of the clays （smectite A） tended to increase goblet cell size in ileum, which may indicate enhanced protection. In conclusion, E. coli infection degrades intestinal barrier integrity but smectite A may enhance it.
基金Supported by the financial support from Shiraz University(Grant No.87-GR-VT-24)
文摘Objective:To investigate the scolicidal effect of the Satureja khuzistanica(S.khusistanica) essential oil from aerial parts of this herbal plant.Methods:The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation method.Gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil.Protoscolices were collected aseptically from sheep livers containing hydatid cyst.Protoscolices were exposed to various concentrations of the oil(3,5 and 10 mg/mL) for 10,20,30,and 60 min.Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1%eosin staining.Results:A total of 19 compounds representing 97.6%of the total oil,were identified.Carvacrol(94.9%) was found to be the major essential oil constituent.Scolicidal activity of S.khuzistanica essential oil at concentration of 3 mg/mL was 28.58,32.71,37.20 and 42.02%,respectively.This essential oil at concentration of 5 mg/ mL killed 51.33,66.68,81.12,and 100%.of protoscolices after 10,20,30 and 60 min,respectively. One hundred scolicidal effect was observed with S.khuzistanica essenlial oil at the concentration of 10 mg/mL after 10 min(comparing with 7.19%for control group).Conclusions:The essenlial oil of S.khuzistanica is rich in carvacrol and may be used as a natural scolicidal agent.
基金financially supported by Research Center for Tropical and Infectious Diseases,Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman,Iran and Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman,Iran
文摘Objective:To determine the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii(C.burnetii) antibody positive randomly selected dairy herds in southeast Iran(Kerman).Methods:Bulk tank milk samples were collected randomly from 44 sufficiently large commercial dairy herds,included near 12 000 dairy cattle,in Kerman(The largest province of Iran),southeast Iran.The samples were tested for antibodies against C.burnetii using the commercial CHEKIT(?) Q fever antibody ELISA Test Kit(Idexx,Liebefeld-Bern,Switzerland).Results:The prevalence of positive,negative and intermediate herds were 45.4%,43.2%and 11.4%,respectively.Conclusions:The result supports the hypothesis of high prevalence and endemic pattern of Q fever in Iran.This investigation highlights the importance of further studies on Q fever in Iran.
基金supported by the Faculty of Science,Mahidol University(ANJ)
文摘Shwachman-Diamond syndrome （SDS） is a multi-system disorder characterized by bone marrow failure, pancreatic insufficiency, skeletal abnormalities, and increased risk of leukemic transformation. Most patients with SDS contain mutations in the Shwachman- Bodian-Diamond syndrome gene （SBDS）, encoding a highly conserved protein that has been implicated in ribosome biogenesis. Emerging evidence also suggests a distinct role of SBDS beyond protein translation. Using the yeast model of SDS, we examined the underlying mechanisms that cause cells lacking Sdolp, the yeast SBDS ortholog, to exhibit reduced tolerance to various stress conditions. Our analysis indicates that the environmental stress response （ESR）, heat shock response （HSR）, and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response （UPR） of sdolA cells are functional and that defects in these pathways do not produce the phenotypes observed in sdolh yeast. Depletion of mitochondlial DNA （mtDNA） was observed in sdolh cells, and this is a probable cause of the mitochondrial insufficiency in SDS. Prior disruption of POR1, encoding the mitochondrial voltage dependent anion channel （VDAC）, abrogated the effects of SD01 deletion and substantially restored resistance to environmental stressors and protected against damage to mtDNA. Conversely, wild-type cells over-expressing POR1 exhibited growth impairment and increased stress sensitivity similar to that seen in sdolA cells. Overall, our results suggest that specific VDAC inhibitors may have therapeutic benefits for SDS patients.
基金supported by Shahid Chamran University of Alivaz,Iran
文摘Objective:To identify the genotypes of prevalent Cryptosporidia in broiler chickens in Lorestan province,Iran.Methods:A total of 1 000 fecal and 1 000 trachea samples were collected from chickens.Smears from both fecal and tracheal samples were stained with modified ZiehlNeelsen method and nested PCR-RFTP according to amplification of 18S rRNA gene using Ssp1 and Vsp 1 restriction enzymes and DNA sequencing.Results:From the examined chickens0.7%was positive for Cryptosporidium,Infection was present in 0.3%fecal samples and also in0.5%trachea.Only 0.3%of simultaneous infections in fecal and tracheal samples were observed.Nested PCR of our isolates demonstrated Cryptosporidium baileyi.Conclusions:In our work,low rate of Cryptosporidium baileyi infection was detected,but in critical situations and our poor management circumstances,cryptosporidiosis occurs in serious feature especially in immune suppressed individuals.
文摘Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital anomaly in the veterinary literature.This malformation is characterized by a cystic mass of non-functioning primitive lung tissue that does not communicate with the tracheobronchial tree or with the pulmonary arteries.This article describes gross and histopathological characteristics of extralobar pulmonary sequestration in a dog.Crossly,a mass was observed in the left side of the thoracic cavity,closed to the caudal lobes of the lung,without communication with the tracheobronchial tree and the pulmonary arteries that was separated by pleural covering.Histopathologic examination showed emphysematous alveoli and bronchi,hypertrophy of smooth muscles and presence of the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue.Therefore,based on microscopic findings,extralobar pulmonary sequestration was diagnosed.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report of extralobar pulmonary sequestration in dog.
