This paper explores the perceived relationship between household poverty and forest dependence among the poorest residents neighboring Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, th...This paper explores the perceived relationship between household poverty and forest dependence among the poorest residents neighboring Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this paper examines the influence of household poverty on forest dependence. The findings reveal that food and health security risks are primary drivers of forest dependence. Education security risks however, were found to have an indirect influence. Both food and health security risks were found to have equal influence on forest dependence. The economic security risks traditionally believed to significantly influence forest dependence were not found to have a direct influence.展开更多
Major hindrances to controlling the current childhood obesity epidemic include access to prevention and/or treatment programs that are affordable,provide minimal barriers for participation,and are available to the gen...Major hindrances to controlling the current childhood obesity epidemic include access to prevention and/or treatment programs that are affordable,provide minimal barriers for participation,and are available to the general public.Moreover,successful childhood obesity prevention efforts will require coordinated partnerships in multiple sectors such as government,health care,school/afterschool,and the community but very few documented sustainable programs currently exist.Effective,community-based health and wellness programs with a focus on maintaining healthy weight via physical activity and healthy eating have the potential to be a powerful referral resource for pediatricians and other healthcare professionals who have young patients who are overweight/obese.The Miami Dade County Department of Parks,Recreation and Open Spaces in partnership with the University of Miami UHealth Systems have created a "Park Prescription Program(Parks Rx4Health^(TM))" that formally coordinates pediatricians,families,parents,caregivers,and child/adolescents to provide daily obesity-prevention activities.This Parks Rx4Health^(TM)program that we describe here allows UHealth pediatricians to seamlessly refer their overweight and obese patients to Fit2Play^(TM),an evidence-based,park-based afterschool health and wellness program.Measurable outcomes that include body mass index,blood pressure,fitness,and nutrition knowledge are being collected at baseline and at 3-and 6-mo after referral to document patient progress.Results are then shared with the referring physician so they can follow up with the patient if necessary.Identifying successful models that integrate primary care,public health,and community-based efforts is important to accelerating progress in preventing childhood obesity.Effective,community-based health and wellness programs with a focus on physical activity and nutrition education could be a powerful referral resource for pediatricians who have obese patients.展开更多
Awe,as a positive emotional experience,is recognized for its role in facilitating tourists’pro-environmental behavior(TPEB).However,despite its significance,awe has received minimal attention in tourism-related resea...Awe,as a positive emotional experience,is recognized for its role in facilitating tourists’pro-environmental behavior(TPEB).However,despite its significance,awe has received minimal attention in tourism-related research.This research introduces an expanded model of the theory of planned behavior(TPB)that integrates awe into the rational-oriented TPB framework to examine its impact on TPEB.We collected data at the Mount Huangshan scenic spot in China and employed structural equation modeling for data analysis.Findings suggest that the extended TPB model,which incorporates the emotion of awe,outperforms the original TPB model in predicting TPEB.Awe experienced in nature-based destinations is mainly influenced by the perception of the natural environment(PNE)and significantly predicts TPEB.Study findings offer an integrated framework combining emotional and rational perspectives to understand the factors driving TPEB in nature-based tourism.Furthermore,the study aims to establish connections between the psychological experience of awe and the philosophical perspective of the sublime.Importantly,our findings provide compelling evidence supporting the role of nature-based tourism as an effective model to facilitate tourists’environmental attitudes,emotions,and behaviors.Finally,the implications for practice are discussed.展开更多
Hyperglycemia is a key risk factor for death and disability worldwide.To better inform prevention strategies,we aimed to delineate and predict the temporal,spatial,and demographic patterns in mean fasting plasma gluco...Hyperglycemia is a key risk factor for death and disability worldwide.To better inform prevention strategies,we aimed to delineate and predict the temporal,spatial,and demographic patterns in mean fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels and their related disease burden globally.Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,we estimated the distributions of mean FPG levels and high FPG-related disease burden by age,sex,year,socioeconomic status(SES),and geographical region from 1990 to 2050.展开更多
Conditioned taste aversion(CTA)is an adaptive learning mechanism whereby a consumer associates the taste of a certain food with symptoms caused by a toxic substance,and thereafter avoids eating that type of food.Recen...Conditioned taste aversion(CTA)is an adaptive learning mechanism whereby a consumer associates the taste of a certain food with symptoms caused by a toxic substance,and thereafter avoids eating that type of food.Recently,wildlife researchers have employed CTA to discourage native fauna from ingesting toxic cane toads(Rhinella marina),a species that is invading tropical Australia.In this paper,we compare the results of 2 sets of CTA trials on large varanid lizards(“goannas,”Varanus panoptes).One set of trials(described in this paper)exposed recently-captured lizards to sausages made from cane toad flesh,laced with a nausea-inducing chemical(lithium chloride)to reinforce the aversion response.The other trials(in a recently-published paper,reviewed herein)exposed free-ranging lizards to live juvenile cane toads.The effectiveness of the training was judged by how long a lizard survived in the wild before it was killed(fatally poisoned)by a cane toad.Both stimuli elicited rapid aversion to live toads,but the CTA response did not enhance survival rates of the sausage-trained goannas after they were released into the wild.In contrast,the goannas exposed to live juvenile toads exhibited higher long-term survival rates than did untrained conspecifics.Our results suggest that although it is relatively easy to elicit short-term aversion to toad cues in goannas,a biologically realistic stimulus(live toads,encountered by free-ranging predators)is most effective at buffering these reptiles from the impact of invasive toxic prey.展开更多
Dense cities represent biogeochemical hot spots along the shoreline,concentrating fixed nitrogen that is subsequently discharged into adjacent coastal receiving waters.Thus,the ecosystem services provided by natural s...Dense cities represent biogeochemical hot spots along the shoreline,concentrating fixed nitrogen that is subsequently discharged into adjacent coastal receiving waters.Thus,the ecosystem services provided by natural systems in highly urban environments can play a particularly important role in the global nitrogen cycle.In this paper,we review the recent literature on nitrogen regulation by temperate coastal ecosystems,with a focus on how the distinct physical and biogeochemical features of the urban landscape can affect the provision of this ecosystem service.We use Jamaica Bay,an ultra-urbanized coastal lagoon in the United States of America,as a demonstrative case study.Based on simple areal and tidal-based calculations,the natural systems of Jamaica Bay remove~24%of the reactive nitrogen discharged by wastewater treatment plants.However,this estimate does not represent the dynamic nature of urban nitrogen cycling represented in the recent literature and highlights key research needs and opportunities.Our review reveals that ecosystem-facilitated denitrification may be significant in even the most densely urbanized coastal landscapes,but critical uncertainties currently limit incorporation of this ecosystem service in environmental management.展开更多
文摘This paper explores the perceived relationship between household poverty and forest dependence among the poorest residents neighboring Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda. Using the sustainable livelihoods framework, this paper examines the influence of household poverty on forest dependence. The findings reveal that food and health security risks are primary drivers of forest dependence. Education security risks however, were found to have an indirect influence. Both food and health security risks were found to have equal influence on forest dependence. The economic security risks traditionally believed to significantly influence forest dependence were not found to have a direct influence.
文摘Major hindrances to controlling the current childhood obesity epidemic include access to prevention and/or treatment programs that are affordable,provide minimal barriers for participation,and are available to the general public.Moreover,successful childhood obesity prevention efforts will require coordinated partnerships in multiple sectors such as government,health care,school/afterschool,and the community but very few documented sustainable programs currently exist.Effective,community-based health and wellness programs with a focus on maintaining healthy weight via physical activity and healthy eating have the potential to be a powerful referral resource for pediatricians and other healthcare professionals who have young patients who are overweight/obese.The Miami Dade County Department of Parks,Recreation and Open Spaces in partnership with the University of Miami UHealth Systems have created a "Park Prescription Program(Parks Rx4Health^(TM))" that formally coordinates pediatricians,families,parents,caregivers,and child/adolescents to provide daily obesity-prevention activities.This Parks Rx4Health^(TM)program that we describe here allows UHealth pediatricians to seamlessly refer their overweight and obese patients to Fit2Play^(TM),an evidence-based,park-based afterschool health and wellness program.Measurable outcomes that include body mass index,blood pressure,fitness,and nutrition knowledge are being collected at baseline and at 3-and 6-mo after referral to document patient progress.Results are then shared with the referring physician so they can follow up with the patient if necessary.Identifying successful models that integrate primary care,public health,and community-based efforts is important to accelerating progress in preventing childhood obesity.Effective,community-based health and wellness programs with a focus on physical activity and nutrition education could be a powerful referral resource for pediatricians who have obese patients.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41801129)。
文摘Awe,as a positive emotional experience,is recognized for its role in facilitating tourists’pro-environmental behavior(TPEB).However,despite its significance,awe has received minimal attention in tourism-related research.This research introduces an expanded model of the theory of planned behavior(TPB)that integrates awe into the rational-oriented TPB framework to examine its impact on TPEB.We collected data at the Mount Huangshan scenic spot in China and employed structural equation modeling for data analysis.Findings suggest that the extended TPB model,which incorporates the emotion of awe,outperforms the original TPB model in predicting TPEB.Awe experienced in nature-based destinations is mainly influenced by the perception of the natural environment(PNE)and significantly predicts TPEB.Study findings offer an integrated framework combining emotional and rational perspectives to understand the factors driving TPEB in nature-based tourism.Furthermore,the study aims to establish connections between the psychological experience of awe and the philosophical perspective of the sublime.Importantly,our findings provide compelling evidence supporting the role of nature-based tourism as an effective model to facilitate tourists’environmental attitudes,emotions,and behaviors.Finally,the implications for practice are discussed.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2018YFC10043002018YFC1004301)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81972992)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund of South China Institute of Environmental Sciences,and MEE(PM-zx703-202204-124).
文摘Hyperglycemia is a key risk factor for death and disability worldwide.To better inform prevention strategies,we aimed to delineate and predict the temporal,spatial,and demographic patterns in mean fasting plasma glucose(FPG)levels and their related disease burden globally.Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019,we estimated the distributions of mean FPG levels and high FPG-related disease burden by age,sex,year,socioeconomic status(SES),and geographical region from 1990 to 2050.
文摘Conditioned taste aversion(CTA)is an adaptive learning mechanism whereby a consumer associates the taste of a certain food with symptoms caused by a toxic substance,and thereafter avoids eating that type of food.Recently,wildlife researchers have employed CTA to discourage native fauna from ingesting toxic cane toads(Rhinella marina),a species that is invading tropical Australia.In this paper,we compare the results of 2 sets of CTA trials on large varanid lizards(“goannas,”Varanus panoptes).One set of trials(described in this paper)exposed recently-captured lizards to sausages made from cane toad flesh,laced with a nausea-inducing chemical(lithium chloride)to reinforce the aversion response.The other trials(in a recently-published paper,reviewed herein)exposed free-ranging lizards to live juvenile cane toads.The effectiveness of the training was judged by how long a lizard survived in the wild before it was killed(fatally poisoned)by a cane toad.Both stimuli elicited rapid aversion to live toads,but the CTA response did not enhance survival rates of the sausage-trained goannas after they were released into the wild.In contrast,the goannas exposed to live juvenile toads exhibited higher long-term survival rates than did untrained conspecifics.Our results suggest that although it is relatively easy to elicit short-term aversion to toad cues in goannas,a biologically realistic stimulus(live toads,encountered by free-ranging predators)is most effective at buffering these reptiles from the impact of invasive toxic prey.
基金These analyses were supported in part by the National Science Foundation(Award#SES-1444755)the Hudson River Foundation(013/15A)New York Sea Grant(R/CTP-48),and the Professional Staff Congress of the City University of New York(PSC-CUNY).
文摘Dense cities represent biogeochemical hot spots along the shoreline,concentrating fixed nitrogen that is subsequently discharged into adjacent coastal receiving waters.Thus,the ecosystem services provided by natural systems in highly urban environments can play a particularly important role in the global nitrogen cycle.In this paper,we review the recent literature on nitrogen regulation by temperate coastal ecosystems,with a focus on how the distinct physical and biogeochemical features of the urban landscape can affect the provision of this ecosystem service.We use Jamaica Bay,an ultra-urbanized coastal lagoon in the United States of America,as a demonstrative case study.Based on simple areal and tidal-based calculations,the natural systems of Jamaica Bay remove~24%of the reactive nitrogen discharged by wastewater treatment plants.However,this estimate does not represent the dynamic nature of urban nitrogen cycling represented in the recent literature and highlights key research needs and opportunities.Our review reveals that ecosystem-facilitated denitrification may be significant in even the most densely urbanized coastal landscapes,but critical uncertainties currently limit incorporation of this ecosystem service in environmental management.
