Living gymnosperms comprise four major groups:cycads,Ginkgo,conifers,and gnetophytes.Relationships among/within these lineages have not been fully resolved.Next generation sequencing has made available a large number ...Living gymnosperms comprise four major groups:cycads,Ginkgo,conifers,and gnetophytes.Relationships among/within these lineages have not been fully resolved.Next generation sequencing has made available a large number of sequences,including both plastomes and single-copy nuclear genes,for reconstruction of solid phylogenetic trees.Recent advances in gymnosperm phylogenomic studies have updated our knowledge of gymnosperm systematics.Here,we review major advances of gymnosperm phylogeny over the past 10 years and propose an updated classification of extant gymnosperms.This new classification includes three classes(Cycadopsida,Ginkgoopsida,and Pinopsida),five subclasses(Cycadidae,Ginkgoidae,Cupressidae,Pinidae,and Gnetidae),eight orders(Cycadales,Ginkgoales,Araucariales,Cupressales,Pinales,Ephedrales,Gnetales,and Welwitschiales),13 families,and 86 genera.We also described six new tribes including Acmopyleae Y.Yang,Austrocedreae Y.Yang,Chamaecyparideae Y.Yang,Microcachrydeae Y.Yang,Papuacedreae Y.Yang,and Prumnopityeae Y.Yang,and made 27 new combinations in the genus Sabina.展开更多
The genus Operculina,a large symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifer,is characterized by high morphological variability showing thick involute to intermediate semi-involute to flat evolute tests.Different morphotypes are...The genus Operculina,a large symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifer,is characterized by high morphological variability showing thick involute to intermediate semi-involute to flat evolute tests.Different morphotypes are either considered as ecophenotypes or distinct species.In order to test the hypothesis of ecophenotypes versus different species,a single cell high throughput sequencing approach was applied to assess the interspecific diversity of Operculina.This results in two groups of ribotypes,one corresponding to Operculina ammonoides/Operculina discoidalis,the other containing Operculina complanata/Operculina elegans.These groups can also be separated morphologically.Therefore,O.complanata and O.elegans represent a single species and the latter can be regarded as a junior synonym of O.complanata.Operculina ammonoides and O.discoidalis also form a single species,which makes the latter a junior synonym of O.ammonoides.Because generic differences in Operculina species are manifested in morphology and molecular genetics,the genus Neoassilina with the designated species Neoassilina ammonoides is installed.Additional analysis of ribosomal SSU rDNA data of eight recent nummulitid genera confirms the obtained high troughput sequencing results and further shows that Palaeonummulites venosus builds a clade with O.complanata that branches at the base of other Nummulitidae containing Planostegina,Planoperculina,Cycloclypeus,Heterostegina,Operculinella and Neoassilina.展开更多
The first unequivocal remains of medium to large-sized mustelids from the middle Miocene Halamagai and Kekemaideng formations have been found in the Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, northwestern China. These new fossils ...The first unequivocal remains of medium to large-sized mustelids from the middle Miocene Halamagai and Kekemaideng formations have been found in the Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, northwestern China. These new fossils are referred to the hypercarnivorous mustelid Hoplictis Ginsburg, 1961 and denote the first record of the genus in East Asia.We define Hoplictis baihu n. sp., for the mustelid from Tieersihabahe(Halamagai Fm.), which represents the smallest species of the genus. This primitive form is closer to H. florancei and H. noueli than to H. anatolicus and later, larger and more derived Hoplictis spp., from Europe and North America. A large toothless mandible from Duolebulejin(Kekemaiden Fm.) is assigned to Hoplictis cf. helbingi, and it presumably might represent the first record of H. helbingi outside Western Europe. The systematic position of Hoplicitis in relation to Ischyrictis with which it is similar is clarified. The occurrence in East Asia of two species of Hoplictis greatly expands the known distribution and diversity of the genus, and supports a Palaearctic Neogene dispersal event of carnivorans between Europe and Asia during the late Shanwangian–early Tunggurian equivalent to MN5–6 in Europe, and indication of another dispersal event from Europe to North America,through Northwest China during the late Tunggurian, equivalent to MN7–8 in Europe.展开更多
This study was performed to explore the genetic diversity and genetic structure of red-spotted tokay geckos(Gekko gecko) from 23 different geographical areas in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. The mitochondrial tRNAGl...This study was performed to explore the genetic diversity and genetic structure of red-spotted tokay geckos(Gekko gecko) from 23 different geographical areas in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. The mitochondrial tRNAGln/tRNA-Met/partial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 from 166 specimens was amplified and sequenced. A total of 54 different haplotypes were found. Highly significant genetic differences occurred between populations from different localities. The haplotype network revealed six major haplogroups(G1 to G6) belonging to different clades(clade A–E). Clade D and clade E were newly observed in this study. Haplogroup G4(clade D) was a sympatric population with haplogroup G1(clade B). The populations from northern Thailand were divided into two distinct haplogroups separated by mountain range. Genetic structure and genetic differentiation of the tokay in Southeast Asia was related to the geographical region sampled, spatial distance and natural barriers. Our results indicate that red-spotted tokay geckos from mainland Southeast Asia are cryptically diverse. Morphological comparisons, in addition to an intensive genetic investigation covering the whole species range, are needed to clarify the systematic and population structure of this species group.展开更多
During the last five years conodont faunas of 6 Carboniferous-Permian sections of the Eastern and Central Iran have been investigated.Recently fusulinids from these sections(Anarak,Zaladu,Halvan,Tangale -Mokhtar,Kaviz...During the last five years conodont faunas of 6 Carboniferous-Permian sections of the Eastern and Central Iran have been investigated.Recently fusulinids from these sections(Anarak,Zaladu,Halvan,Tangale -Mokhtar,Kaviz and Bage-Vang) were studied by E.Ja.Leven.The provincial Permian scale in the Tethys (Leven,1980) is based on fusulinids.The occurrence of fusulinids and conodonts in the same samples展开更多
Since 1993,Many hundreds of isolated crocodileform osteoderms have been recovered from the Maevarano Formation of Northwestern Madagascar by joint expeditions of Stony Brook University
The Sinuiju Formation in Paekto-dong,Sinuiju City in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has yielded Mesozoic nonmarine bivalve fossils,which is the first occurrence of such in the DPRK.Based on these fossil...The Sinuiju Formation in Paekto-dong,Sinuiju City in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has yielded Mesozoic nonmarine bivalve fossils,which is the first occurrence of such in the DPRK.Based on these fossil specimens,a new Cretaceous bivalve assemblage,the Arguniella yanshanensis-Sphaerium anderssoni Assemblage is erected.This assemblage includes Arguniella yanshanensis,A.lingyuanensis and Sphaerium anderssoni and can be compared with the Jehol Biota.The age of the Sinuiju Formation is also clarified and on the basis of the bivalves and the presence of a Eosestheria–Ephemeropsis–Lycoptera(E–E–L)assemblage,the formation is not Upper Jurassic,but Lower Cretaceous in age.展开更多
There are three distinct genetic systems in higher plants,the dominant nuclear genome and the semi-autonomous organelle genomes(plastids and mitochondria).In contrast to the conserved plastid genome(plastome),the plan...There are three distinct genetic systems in higher plants,the dominant nuclear genome and the semi-autonomous organelle genomes(plastids and mitochondria).In contrast to the conserved plastid genome(plastome),the plant mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)is characterized by an intriguing“evolutionary paradox”distinguished by a remarkably low mutation rate but with a significantly high rearrangement rate(Palmer and Herbon,1988;Lai et al.,2022).展开更多
Pollen morphology of eight species of Saxifraga, i.e.S, cespitosa, S. oppositifolia, S. cernua, S. nivalis, S. aizoides, S. rivularis, S. hieraciifolia, and S. hirculus, collected from Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Arctic was...Pollen morphology of eight species of Saxifraga, i.e.S, cespitosa, S. oppositifolia, S. cernua, S. nivalis, S. aizoides, S. rivularis, S. hieraciifolia, and S. hirculus, collected from Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Arctic was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of Saxifraga species are subprolate or prolate, 3-colpate, 15.4-44.4 μm in the polar axis, 11.4 34.6 μm in the equatorial axis, and show a P/E ratio 1.19-1.40. On the basis of exine ornamentation, four pollen types, viz., the S. oppositifolia type （striate without scabrae on the muff）, S. cernua type （striate with scabrae on the muri）, S. nivalis type （microreticulate and operculum absent）, and S. cespitosa type （microechinate and operculum present）, were recognized. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the pollen morphological characters indicated that pollen morphology supports the infrageneric classification of the genus Saxifraga.展开更多
Pterosaur skulls were shaped by a host of selec-tive pressures and because of the great number of variables they present a dizzying array of morpholo-gies.
The giant Late Cretaceous suspension-feeding pachycormid Bonnerichthys has puzzled researchers since it was named,as its geographic distribution is confined to the USA,which contrasts with other widespread Jurassic an...The giant Late Cretaceous suspension-feeding pachycormid Bonnerichthys has puzzled researchers since it was named,as its geographic distribution is confined to the USA,which contrasts with other widespread Jurassic and Cretaceous pachycormid genera.Here we describe fin fragments of Bonnerichthys from the Campanian of European Russia.The fins have a characteristic structure of the anterior edge,which is strongly thickened with its leading edge forming a sharp but irregularly excavated keel;internally the fins have a specific ossification with wedge-shaped structure between the rays.These features are autapomorphic of Bonnerichthys and thus allow for positive assignment of the Russian specimens to this genus.This is the first direct evidence of the presence of Bonnerichthys outside the USA,which solves the mystery of its seemingly restricted distribution and highlights that all large suspension-feeding pachycormids were cosmopolitan during their Jurassic and Cretaceous evolutionary history.展开更多
Following votes by the Valanginian Working Group,the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy and the International Commission on Stratigraphy,the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geolog...Following votes by the Valanginian Working Group,the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy and the International Commission on Stratigraphy,the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences unanimously approved in December 2024 the Global Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP)for the Valanginian Stage(Cretaceous System).展开更多
We propose that the level at which the conodont species Idiognathodus simulator （Ellison 1941） （sensu stricto） first appears be selected to mark the base of the Gzhelian Stage, because we believe that this is the ...We propose that the level at which the conodont species Idiognathodus simulator （Ellison 1941） （sensu stricto） first appears be selected to mark the base of the Gzhelian Stage, because we believe that this is the optimal level by which this boundary can be correlated. This taxon has a short range and a wide distribution, as shown by correlation of glacial-eustatic cyclothems across the Kasimovian-Gzhelian boundary interval among Midcontinent North America and the Moscow and Donets basins of eastern Europe, based on scale of the cyclothems along with several aspects of biostrati- graphy. Outside of these areas, I. simulator （sensu stricto） is known also from other parts of the U.S., and is reported from the southern Urals and south-central China in its expected position between other widespread taxa. Its first appearance is consistent with the current ammonoid placement of the boundary （first appearance of Shumardites cuyleri）, and it is also compatible with certain aspects of the distribution of Eurasian fusulinid faunas （e.g., lectotype ofRauserites rossicus）.展开更多
The Gnetales are a higher group of Gymnosperms, but our current knowledge of the morphology of the early Gnetales is lacking. Most known specimens are fragmentary, which makes it difficult to elucidate the geological ...The Gnetales are a higher group of Gymnosperms, but our current knowledge of the morphology of the early Gnetales is lacking. Most known specimens are fragmentary, which makes it difficult to elucidate the geological history and the early diversity and evolution of the group. New well-preserved specimens have been discovered in Liaoning, north China, and a detailed morphological study was carried out. The material belongs to three new genera: Spinobractea lanceoleta gen. et sp. nov., Latibractea divisa gen. et sp. nov. and Constrobilus ovata gen. et sp. nov. The record of the Ephedraceae can be traced back to the Jurassic. The Ephedraceae were quite successful in the Cretaceous, and the plant types and the environment that they inhabited shown that the Cretaceous plants were much more varied than their living relatives. However, some types became extinct, and some features were lost. The record of the Welwitschiaceae can be traced back to the Triassic. Features of the leaf venation and the seeds are the primary features used for recognition of this family in both living and fossil plants. These features are so conservative that they have shown almost no major changes since the Triassic.展开更多
This work reports a synthesis of biostratigraphic outputs resulting from over two decades of comprehensive analysis on the expressive stratigraphic record of the Aalenian of the Lusitanian Basin(Western Iberian Margin...This work reports a synthesis of biostratigraphic outputs resulting from over two decades of comprehensive analysis on the expressive stratigraphic record of the Aalenian of the Lusitanian Basin(Western Iberian Margin;Portugal).The rich and diverse ammonite record studied from ten marly and marlylimestones sections,outcropping in different sectors of the basin ranging from distal to proximal facies,has enabled the establishment of a detailed ammonite-based biostratigraphical framework correlated with other basins located around the Iberian Plate.The study of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages occurring in the basin at the same time interval has allowed the establishment of a biostratigraphic scale based on microfossils accurately calibrated with the ammonite record,an important tool in log interpretation in the context of hydrocarbon exploration activities in sedimentary basins of Jurassic age.展开更多
The global stratotype sections and points for the bases of the Selandian(Middle Paleocene)and Thanetian(Upper Paleocene)stages have been defined in the coastal cliff along the Itzurun Beach at the town of Zumaia in th...The global stratotype sections and points for the bases of the Selandian(Middle Paleocene)and Thanetian(Upper Paleocene)stages have been defined in the coastal cliff along the Itzurun Beach at the town of Zumaia in the Basque Country,northern Spain.In the hemipelagic section exposed at Zumaia the base of the Selandian Stage has been placed at the base of the Itzurun Formation,ca.49 m above the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary.At the base of the Selandian,marls replace the succession of Danian red limestone and limestone-marl couplets.The best marine,global correlation criterion for the basal Selandian is the second radiation of the important calcareous nannofossil group.展开更多
The present article deals with the use of tree barks as a natural trap for airborne spores and pollen grains in China.The study carried out at the southern part of Beijing Botanical Garden,Institute of Botany,Chinese ...The present article deals with the use of tree barks as a natural trap for airborne spores and pollen grains in China.The study carried out at the southern part of Beijing Botanical Garden,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences has yielded a variety of palynomorphs mostly belonging to tree taxa.New methodologies for extraction of palynomorphs from tree barks have been suggested.Bark samples were collected from three taxa,i.e.,Paulownia fortunei Hemsl.(Scrophulariaceae),Quercus dentata Thunb.(Fagaceae),and Picea meyeri Rehder&E.H.Wilson(Pinaceae)having different bark morphologies.P.fortunei with a comparatively soft and fissured bark is believed to have a greater potential for trapping airborne spores and pollen grains compared to the stiff and less fissured barks of Q.dentata and the scaly bark of P.meyeri.Old barks yield better data in terms of quantity and quality of trapped pollen and spores.The present study throws new light on the modern pollen rain,spore-pollen dispersal,and their deposition in and aroundBeijing Botanical Garden,and other different parts of China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970205,31870206)the Metasequoia funding of the Nanjing Forestry University,China。
文摘Living gymnosperms comprise four major groups:cycads,Ginkgo,conifers,and gnetophytes.Relationships among/within these lineages have not been fully resolved.Next generation sequencing has made available a large number of sequences,including both plastomes and single-copy nuclear genes,for reconstruction of solid phylogenetic trees.Recent advances in gymnosperm phylogenomic studies have updated our knowledge of gymnosperm systematics.Here,we review major advances of gymnosperm phylogeny over the past 10 years and propose an updated classification of extant gymnosperms.This new classification includes three classes(Cycadopsida,Ginkgoopsida,and Pinopsida),five subclasses(Cycadidae,Ginkgoidae,Cupressidae,Pinidae,and Gnetidae),eight orders(Cycadales,Ginkgoales,Araucariales,Cupressales,Pinales,Ephedrales,Gnetales,and Welwitschiales),13 families,and 86 genera.We also described six new tribes including Acmopyleae Y.Yang,Austrocedreae Y.Yang,Chamaecyparideae Y.Yang,Microcachrydeae Y.Yang,Papuacedreae Y.Yang,and Prumnopityeae Y.Yang,and made 27 new combinations in the genus Sabina.
基金supported by Israel Science Foundation(No.1267/21)to Sigal Abramovichthe Swiss National Science Foundation(No.31003A_179125)to Jan PawlowskiOpen Access funding provided by University of Geneva。
文摘The genus Operculina,a large symbiont-bearing benthic foraminifer,is characterized by high morphological variability showing thick involute to intermediate semi-involute to flat evolute tests.Different morphotypes are either considered as ecophenotypes or distinct species.In order to test the hypothesis of ecophenotypes versus different species,a single cell high throughput sequencing approach was applied to assess the interspecific diversity of Operculina.This results in two groups of ribotypes,one corresponding to Operculina ammonoides/Operculina discoidalis,the other containing Operculina complanata/Operculina elegans.These groups can also be separated morphologically.Therefore,O.complanata and O.elegans represent a single species and the latter can be regarded as a junior synonym of O.complanata.Operculina ammonoides and O.discoidalis also form a single species,which makes the latter a junior synonym of O.ammonoides.Because generic differences in Operculina species are manifested in morphology and molecular genetics,the genus Neoassilina with the designated species Neoassilina ammonoides is installed.Additional analysis of ribosomal SSU rDNA data of eight recent nummulitid genera confirms the obtained high troughput sequencing results and further shows that Palaeonummulites venosus builds a clade with O.complanata that branches at the base of other Nummulitidae containing Planostegina,Planoperculina,Cycloclypeus,Heterostegina,Operculinella and Neoassilina.
基金supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos.XDA20070203, XDB26000000, QYZDY-SSW-DQC-22, GJHZ1885)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41430102 and 41772018, 41625005)
文摘The first unequivocal remains of medium to large-sized mustelids from the middle Miocene Halamagai and Kekemaideng formations have been found in the Ulungur River area, Xinjiang, northwestern China. These new fossils are referred to the hypercarnivorous mustelid Hoplictis Ginsburg, 1961 and denote the first record of the genus in East Asia.We define Hoplictis baihu n. sp., for the mustelid from Tieersihabahe(Halamagai Fm.), which represents the smallest species of the genus. This primitive form is closer to H. florancei and H. noueli than to H. anatolicus and later, larger and more derived Hoplictis spp., from Europe and North America. A large toothless mandible from Duolebulejin(Kekemaiden Fm.) is assigned to Hoplictis cf. helbingi, and it presumably might represent the first record of H. helbingi outside Western Europe. The systematic position of Hoplicitis in relation to Ischyrictis with which it is similar is clarified. The occurrence in East Asia of two species of Hoplictis greatly expands the known distribution and diversity of the genus, and supports a Palaearctic Neogene dispersal event of carnivorans between Europe and Asia during the late Shanwangian–early Tunggurian equivalent to MN5–6 in Europe, and indication of another dispersal event from Europe to North America,through Northwest China during the late Tunggurian, equivalent to MN7–8 in Europe.
基金supported by fast tract funding,fiscal year 2016 of Mahasarakham University to S.Sedlak
文摘This study was performed to explore the genetic diversity and genetic structure of red-spotted tokay geckos(Gekko gecko) from 23 different geographical areas in Thailand, Lao PDR and Cambodia. The mitochondrial tRNAGln/tRNA-Met/partial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 from 166 specimens was amplified and sequenced. A total of 54 different haplotypes were found. Highly significant genetic differences occurred between populations from different localities. The haplotype network revealed six major haplogroups(G1 to G6) belonging to different clades(clade A–E). Clade D and clade E were newly observed in this study. Haplogroup G4(clade D) was a sympatric population with haplogroup G1(clade B). The populations from northern Thailand were divided into two distinct haplogroups separated by mountain range. Genetic structure and genetic differentiation of the tokay in Southeast Asia was related to the geographical region sampled, spatial distance and natural barriers. Our results indicate that red-spotted tokay geckos from mainland Southeast Asia are cryptically diverse. Morphological comparisons, in addition to an intensive genetic investigation covering the whole species range, are needed to clarify the systematic and population structure of this species group.
文摘During the last five years conodont faunas of 6 Carboniferous-Permian sections of the Eastern and Central Iran have been investigated.Recently fusulinids from these sections(Anarak,Zaladu,Halvan,Tangale -Mokhtar,Kaviz and Bage-Vang) were studied by E.Ja.Leven.The provincial Permian scale in the Tethys (Leven,1980) is based on fusulinids.The occurrence of fusulinids and conodonts in the same samples
文摘Since 1993,Many hundreds of isolated crocodileform osteoderms have been recovered from the Maevarano Formation of Northwestern Madagascar by joint expeditions of Stony Brook University
文摘The Sinuiju Formation in Paekto-dong,Sinuiju City in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea has yielded Mesozoic nonmarine bivalve fossils,which is the first occurrence of such in the DPRK.Based on these fossil specimens,a new Cretaceous bivalve assemblage,the Arguniella yanshanensis-Sphaerium anderssoni Assemblage is erected.This assemblage includes Arguniella yanshanensis,A.lingyuanensis and Sphaerium anderssoni and can be compared with the Jehol Biota.The age of the Sinuiju Formation is also clarified and on the basis of the bivalves and the presence of a Eosestheria–Ephemeropsis–Lycoptera(E–E–L)assemblage,the formation is not Upper Jurassic,but Lower Cretaceous in age.
基金The work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220414)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province(22KJB220003).
文摘There are three distinct genetic systems in higher plants,the dominant nuclear genome and the semi-autonomous organelle genomes(plastids and mitochondria).In contrast to the conserved plastid genome(plastome),the plant mitochondrial genome(mitogenome)is characterized by an intriguing“evolutionary paradox”distinguished by a remarkably low mutation rate but with a significantly high rearrangement rate(Palmer and Herbon,1988;Lai et al.,2022).
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.41271222)Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant no.KSCX2-EW-J-1)+3 种基金Projects of the CAA,SOA(Grant nos.2012YR06006 and13/14YR05)SKLSEB-IBCAS(Grant no.56176G1048)Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists(Grant no.90004F1005)Visiting Scholarship funded by the China Scholarship Council(Grant no.201204910043)
文摘Pollen morphology of eight species of Saxifraga, i.e.S, cespitosa, S. oppositifolia, S. cernua, S. nivalis, S. aizoides, S. rivularis, S. hieraciifolia, and S. hirculus, collected from Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Arctic was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen grains of Saxifraga species are subprolate or prolate, 3-colpate, 15.4-44.4 μm in the polar axis, 11.4 34.6 μm in the equatorial axis, and show a P/E ratio 1.19-1.40. On the basis of exine ornamentation, four pollen types, viz., the S. oppositifolia type （striate without scabrae on the muff）, S. cernua type （striate with scabrae on the muri）, S. nivalis type （microreticulate and operculum absent）, and S. cespitosa type （microechinate and operculum present）, were recognized. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the pollen morphological characters indicated that pollen morphology supports the infrageneric classification of the genus Saxifraga.
文摘Pterosaur skulls were shaped by a host of selec-tive pressures and because of the great number of variables they present a dizzying array of morpholo-gies.
基金supported by the Geological Institute of RAS(Program FMMG-2021-0003)supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program(PRIORITY-2030).
文摘The giant Late Cretaceous suspension-feeding pachycormid Bonnerichthys has puzzled researchers since it was named,as its geographic distribution is confined to the USA,which contrasts with other widespread Jurassic and Cretaceous pachycormid genera.Here we describe fin fragments of Bonnerichthys from the Campanian of European Russia.The fins have a characteristic structure of the anterior edge,which is strongly thickened with its leading edge forming a sharp but irregularly excavated keel;internally the fins have a specific ossification with wedge-shaped structure between the rays.These features are autapomorphic of Bonnerichthys and thus allow for positive assignment of the Russian specimens to this genus.This is the first direct evidence of the presence of Bonnerichthys outside the USA,which solves the mystery of its seemingly restricted distribution and highlights that all large suspension-feeding pachycormids were cosmopolitan during their Jurassic and Cretaceous evolutionary history.
基金support of a project(2021-2023)funded by the Polish and French Ministries of foreign affairs(Partenariat Hubert Curien,cf.the current palaeomagnetic study that also includes the contribution of Chmielewski Andrezj,Iwanczuk Jolanta and Ploch Izabela from the Polish Geological Institute of Warsaw,colleagues who are hereby thanked)the CNRS SYSTER program(WOAW SYSTER French project,with the contribution of two students Lea Baubant and Durel Franchevel who are acknowledged),Project APVV-20-0079(Slovakian National Grant Agency,thanks to Diana Olveczka)and various grants from the Laboratoire de Geologie de Lyon.
文摘Following votes by the Valanginian Working Group,the International Subcommission on Cretaceous Stratigraphy and the International Commission on Stratigraphy,the Executive Committee of the International Union of Geological Sciences unanimously approved in December 2024 the Global Stratotype Section and Point(GSSP)for the Valanginian Stage(Cretaceous System).
文摘We propose that the level at which the conodont species Idiognathodus simulator （Ellison 1941） （sensu stricto） first appears be selected to mark the base of the Gzhelian Stage, because we believe that this is the optimal level by which this boundary can be correlated. This taxon has a short range and a wide distribution, as shown by correlation of glacial-eustatic cyclothems across the Kasimovian-Gzhelian boundary interval among Midcontinent North America and the Moscow and Donets basins of eastern Europe, based on scale of the cyclothems along with several aspects of biostrati- graphy. Outside of these areas, I. simulator （sensu stricto） is known also from other parts of the U.S., and is reported from the southern Urals and south-central China in its expected position between other widespread taxa. Its first appearance is consistent with the current ammonoid placement of the boundary （first appearance of Shumardites cuyleri）, and it is also compatible with certain aspects of the distribution of Eurasian fusulinid faunas （e.g., lectotype ofRauserites rossicus）.
文摘The Gnetales are a higher group of Gymnosperms, but our current knowledge of the morphology of the early Gnetales is lacking. Most known specimens are fragmentary, which makes it difficult to elucidate the geological history and the early diversity and evolution of the group. New well-preserved specimens have been discovered in Liaoning, north China, and a detailed morphological study was carried out. The material belongs to three new genera: Spinobractea lanceoleta gen. et sp. nov., Latibractea divisa gen. et sp. nov. and Constrobilus ovata gen. et sp. nov. The record of the Ephedraceae can be traced back to the Jurassic. The Ephedraceae were quite successful in the Cretaceous, and the plant types and the environment that they inhabited shown that the Cretaceous plants were much more varied than their living relatives. However, some types became extinct, and some features were lost. The record of the Welwitschiaceae can be traced back to the Triassic. Features of the leaf venation and the seeds are the primary features used for recognition of this family in both living and fossil plants. These features are so conservative that they have shown almost no major changes since the Triassic.
基金supported by FEDER funds through the Competitiveness Factors Operational Programme-COMPETE and national funds by FCT in the frame of the UID/Multi00073/2013 projectThe study is a contribution for the Projects CGL2011-23947 and CGL2011-25894(Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación,Spain)+1 种基金for the Grupo de Investigación UCM 910431(Complutense University,Madrid,Spain).supported by the Consórcio Petrobras-Galp-Partex of Portugal.
文摘This work reports a synthesis of biostratigraphic outputs resulting from over two decades of comprehensive analysis on the expressive stratigraphic record of the Aalenian of the Lusitanian Basin(Western Iberian Margin;Portugal).The rich and diverse ammonite record studied from ten marly and marlylimestones sections,outcropping in different sectors of the basin ranging from distal to proximal facies,has enabled the establishment of a detailed ammonite-based biostratigraphical framework correlated with other basins located around the Iberian Plate.The study of the benthic foraminiferal assemblages occurring in the basin at the same time interval has allowed the establishment of a biostratigraphic scale based on microfossils accurately calibrated with the ammonite record,an important tool in log interpretation in the context of hydrocarbon exploration activities in sedimentary basins of Jurassic age.
文摘The global stratotype sections and points for the bases of the Selandian(Middle Paleocene)and Thanetian(Upper Paleocene)stages have been defined in the coastal cliff along the Itzurun Beach at the town of Zumaia in the Basque Country,northern Spain.In the hemipelagic section exposed at Zumaia the base of the Selandian Stage has been placed at the base of the Itzurun Formation,ca.49 m above the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary.At the base of the Selandian,marls replace the succession of Danian red limestone and limestone-marl couplets.The best marine,global correlation criterion for the basal Selandian is the second radiation of the important calcareous nannofossil group.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China (2014CB954201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41271222)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Professorship for Senior International Scientists (90004F1005)the visiting scholarship funded by China Scholarship Council (CSC)
文摘The present article deals with the use of tree barks as a natural trap for airborne spores and pollen grains in China.The study carried out at the southern part of Beijing Botanical Garden,Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences has yielded a variety of palynomorphs mostly belonging to tree taxa.New methodologies for extraction of palynomorphs from tree barks have been suggested.Bark samples were collected from three taxa,i.e.,Paulownia fortunei Hemsl.(Scrophulariaceae),Quercus dentata Thunb.(Fagaceae),and Picea meyeri Rehder&E.H.Wilson(Pinaceae)having different bark morphologies.P.fortunei with a comparatively soft and fissured bark is believed to have a greater potential for trapping airborne spores and pollen grains compared to the stiff and less fissured barks of Q.dentata and the scaly bark of P.meyeri.Old barks yield better data in terms of quantity and quality of trapped pollen and spores.The present study throws new light on the modern pollen rain,spore-pollen dispersal,and their deposition in and aroundBeijing Botanical Garden,and other different parts of China.
