Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly in...Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly influenced the contemporary landscape of ophthalmology.Numerous empirical studies have validated the practical utility of VR technology in domains such as ophthalmic disease treatment and surgery training.This paper offers a comprehensive overview of VR technology's utilization in ophthalmic disease treatment,student education,and surgery training,expands the application of VR technology in ophthalmic evaluation and disease diagnosis,discusses the challenges and limitations of VR technology in ophthalmology,and expounds on emerging trends and future developments of VR technology in ophthalmology.This endeavor aims to provide readers with an in-depth comprehension of the current status and future prospects of VR technology application in ophthalmology,with the ultimate objective of fostering more effective advancements and applications of VR technology in the realm of ophthalmology.展开更多
The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 ...The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally,older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment.The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight.Depression and anxiety,exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity,underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions.By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus,myopia,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices,society can pave the way for a healthier,more equitable future for affected individuals.There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers,and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome-demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.展开更多
Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling ...Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling and can show abnormal activation under pathological conditions.Our bibliometric analysis indicated a substantial increase in research on tunneling nanotubes over the past two decades,highlighting their important role in cellular communication.This review focuses on the formation of tunneling nanotubes in various types of glial cells,including astrocytes,microglia,glioma cells,and Schwann cells,as well as their roles in cellular communication and cargo transport.We found that glial cells influence the stability of the neural system and play a role in nerve regeneration through tunneling nanotubes.Tunneling nanotubes facilitate the transmission and progression of diseases by transporting pathogens and harmful substances.However,they are also involved in alleviating cellular stress by removing toxins and delivering essential nutrients.Understanding the interactions between glial cells through tunneling nanotubes could provide valuable insights into the complex neural networks that govern brain function and responses to injury.展开更多
AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was c...AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with age-related cortical cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery.Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images were collected and analyzed.Initially,patients were stratified into two age groups:<60y and≥60y,with no significant intergroup differences in sex or eye laterality.For further analysis,participants were subdivided into three age strata:<60y,60-75y,and>75y.The ILA was measured in four quadrants(superior,inferior,nasal,and temporal).Intergroup differences in ILA were compared,and correlations between age and ILA parameters were analyzed using statistical methods.RESULTS:The sample data were categorized into three groups according to age,<60y(113 patients;55.8%female),60–75y(245 patients;61.0%female),and>75y(70 patients;50.2%female).The superior quadrant ILA increased progressively with age stratification(P=0.02),and the maximum ILA difference(ΔILA)was significantly higher in patients over 75y(P<0.01).Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between age and ILA in the superior(Y=7.487+0.096X,R=0.191,P<0.001)and temporal(Y=10.254+0.052X,R=0.104,P=0.032)quadrants.Additionally,the mean ILA across all quadrants(ILAmean)andΔILA were positively correlated with age(ILAmean:Y=9.721+0.055X,R=0.138,P=0.004;ΔILA:Y=3.267+0.044X,R=0.006,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In patients with age-related cortical cataracts,ILA increases with age,particularly in the superior and temporal quadrants,suggesting that advanced age is associated with greater lens deviation and decreased lens stability.UBM imaging can effectively evaluate the status of the zonule and lens stability,providing crucial evidence for personalized surgical planning based on patients’age.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glauc...AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PEXG).METHODS:This retrospective study included data from 60 patients(60 eyes)who underwent stand-alone goniotomy or goniotomy with phacoemulsification between August 2021 and January 2023,and 45 eyes underwent goniotomy combined with phacoemulsification,and 15 eyes underwent goniotomy as a stand-alone procedure.Postoperatively,intraocular pressure(IOP)and the number of medications were collected at 1,3,6,and 12 mo.The side effects of surgery were recorded 1 d,1 wk,and 1,3,6,and 12 mo postoperatively.The primary outcomes were a reduction in IOP of at least 20%from baseline and a decrease in the number of antiglaucomatous medications in 1 a postoperatively.The secondary outcome was surgical success,defined as an IOP<18 mmHg with(qualified)or without(complete)antiglaucomatous medication at 1 a postoperatively.RESULTS:At the end of 1 a,78%of patients achieved both a>20%reduction in IOP and a reduction in the number of medications used.Overall success was achieved in 63%of patients.Microhyphaema was the most common complication,none of the patients experienced a complication requiring surgical intervention.CONCLUSION:Sectoral inferonasal goniotomy with an MVR blade significantly reduced IOP and the number of medications required in patients with POAG and PEXG,and 1-year follow-up after goniotomy showed that the need for filtering surgery was either eliminated or delayed in a significant number of patients.展开更多
AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induc...AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induced in Wistar rats through subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200μg)and the rats were then randomly assigned to EIU group(n=5)and the HPS intervention group(n=5).HPS(400 mg/kg,intraperitoneally)or its carrier was administered 24h and 1h prior to EIU induction.Eyes were examined and enucleated 24h post-induction,and total RNA was extracted from the iris-ciliary body.Gene expression microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs),followed by bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO)and pathway analysis.Key findings were not experimentally validated at the mRNA or protein level.RESULTS:A total of 322 DEGs were identified,comprising 254 mRNA and 68 lncRNA genes.GO analysis revealed significant functional categories,including response to LPS.Pathway analysis identified key signaling pathways involved in uveitis,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.Notably,16 mRNA and 7 lncRNA DEGs emerged as central nodes in the gene correlation network.CONCLUSION:HPS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated signaling pathways,offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing uveitis.展开更多
Dear Editor,Torpedo maculopathy(TM),first described by Roseman and Gass in 1992[1],is a rare congenital unilateral retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)abnormality.The term“torpedo maculopathy”was coined by Daily[2]in 199...Dear Editor,Torpedo maculopathy(TM),first described by Roseman and Gass in 1992[1],is a rare congenital unilateral retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)abnormality.The term“torpedo maculopathy”was coined by Daily[2]in 1993.TM typically spares the foveal center,is asymptomatic,and is often detected incidentally during routine ophthalmic examinations.Through literature search,we did not identify racial or regional differences in TM.It predominantly affects children,with an estimated prevalence of 2 per 100000 in individuals under 16 ages[3].While previous reports have focused on pediatric and adult populations,this study presents four cases of TM in preterm infants.展开更多
Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglio...Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons,leading to axonal transport dysfuntion,subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system.Accordingly,recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.However,the effects of glaucoma on synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of unilateral chronic ocular hypertension by injecting magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of one eye.We found that,after 4 weeks of chronic ocular hypertension,the neuronal somas were smaller in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body regions of the brain contralateral to the affected eye.This was accompanied by glial cell activation and increased expression of inflammatory factors.After 8 weeks of ocular hypertension,we observed a reduction in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses,dendritic spines,and activation of glial cells in the primary visual cortex contralateral to the affected eye.These findings suggest that glaucoma not only directly damages the retina but also induces alterations in synapses and dendritic spines in the primary visual cortex,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a...AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a single-center,retrospective,descriptive study.The clinical data of 368 patients(387 eyes)with RRD who underwent scleral buckling(SB)surgery between August 2013 and July 2023 at our institution were collected.The aim was to analyze the causes of recurrence and the rationale for selecting reoperation methods.RESULTS:Totally 368 patients(387 eyes)were included in the analysis,comprising 222 males and 146 females.The average age was 30.26±14.18 years,and the mean follow-up duration was(48.33±20.39)mo.The success rate of SB surgery was 90.2%.Recurrent retinal detachment occurred in 38 eyes.Based on surgical records,the causes of SB failure were analyzed.The recurrence causes included abnormal compression ridge position(position,height,or width)in 14 eyes(36.8%,14/38),hole omission in 11 eyes(29.0%,11/38),proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)in 10 eyes(26.3%,10/38),and new holes in 3 eyes(7.9%,3/38).Among these,8 eyes(21.1%,8/38)underwent repeat SB surgery,while the remaining 30 eyes(78.9%,30/38)underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV).Regarding tamponade agents,silicone oil was used in 11 eyes(36.7%,11/30),C 3F 8 gas in 12 eyes(40.0%,12/30),and sterile air in 7 eyes(23.3%,7/30).CONCLUSION:SB surgery demonstrates a high success rate in the treatment of RRD.However,abnormal compression ridge position,missed holes during surgery,and PVR are the primary causes of SB failure.After addressing the reasons for failure,re-SB surgery or PPV can be effective alternatives.展开更多
Diabetic retinopathy(DR),a common complication of diabetes,is characterized by retinal angiogenesis and inflammation.The role of hepatoma-derived growth factor(HDGF)in mediating inflammation during DR remains unclear....Diabetic retinopathy(DR),a common complication of diabetes,is characterized by retinal angiogenesis and inflammation.The role of hepatoma-derived growth factor(HDGF)in mediating inflammation during DR remains unclear.We measured HDGF levels in the aqueous humor and found that HDGF was increased in DR but decreased after anti-angiogenesis treatment.Using public single-cell RNA sequencing datasets,we found that elevated HDGF in DR was mainly produced by Müller cells and targeted microglia.Additionally,integrin beta 2(Itgb2),a target gene of HDGF that induces microglial activation,was significantly upregulated in DR.To verify these results,we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,quantitative reverse transcription-PCR,Western blotting,and fluorescence immunostaining in cultured Müller and microglial cells treated with HDGF or anti-HDGF,as well as in DR mice receiving intravitreal injections of HDGF or its antibody.Exogenous HDGF further promoted microglial activation,migration,and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,while neutralization of HDGF suppressed these effects caused by high glucose.Furthermore,the HDGF receptor nucleolin was overexpressed in microglia under high glucose stimulation.Therefore,blocking HDGF from Müller cells in DR reduced the excessive inflammatory response in microglia,highlighting HDGF as a potential therapeutic target.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups ...AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.展开更多
Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Ret...Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) degeneration occurs in blinding diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.展开更多
Progressive photoreceptor cell death is one of the main pathological features of age-related macular degeneration and eventually leads to vision loss.Ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with retinal deg...Progressive photoreceptor cell death is one of the main pathological features of age-related macular degeneration and eventually leads to vision loss.Ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with retinal degenerative diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and photoreceptor cell death in age-related macular degeneration remain largely unexplored.Bioinformatics and biochemical analyses in this study revealed xC^(–),solute carrier family 7 member 11-regulated ferroptosis as the predominant pathological process of photoreceptor cell degeneration in a light-induced dry age-related macular degeneration mouse model.This process involves the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2-solute carrier family 7 member 11-glutathione peroxidase 4 signaling pathway,through which cystine depletion,iron ion accumulation,and enhanced lipid peroxidation ultimately lead to photoreceptor cell death and subsequent visual function impairment.We demonstrated that solute carrier family 7 member 11 overexpression blocked this process by inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.Conversely,solute carrier family 7 member 11 knockdown or the solute carrier family 7 member 11 inhibitor sulfasalazine and ferroptosis-inducing agent erastin aggravated H_(2)O_(2)-induced ferroptosis of 661W cells.These findings indicate solute carrier family 7 member 11 may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with retinal degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration.展开更多
AIM:To compare spontaneous brain regional activities between diabetic vitreous hemorrhage patients(DVHs)and healthy controls(HCs).METHODS:Thirty-two DVHs and 32 HCs were enrolled in this study.Baseline demographic and...AIM:To compare spontaneous brain regional activities between diabetic vitreous hemorrhage patients(DVHs)and healthy controls(HCs).METHODS:Thirty-two DVHs and 32 HCs were enrolled in this study.Baseline demographic and vision data were compared between groups using an independent sample t-test.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)was used in all participants.fMRI data was obtained and analyzed using MRIcro and SPM8 software.Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)technology was used to measure regional spontaneous brain activity,and sensitivity was tested using receiver operating characteristic curves(ROCs).The fALFF values were analyzed using REST software and two-sample t-tests were used to compare values between groups.Hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)score was assessed in DVHs and Pearson’s correlation was used to test relationships between mean fALFF value and both HADS score and duration of DVH.RESULTS:Except for the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in both eyes,which showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.05),there were no statistically significant differences in the other indicators(P>0.05)between the HCs and DVHs group.Compared with controls,fALFF value was higher in DVH in cerebellum posterior lobe(CPL)and lower in right anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)and right medial orbitofrontal cortex(OFC).In DVH patients,mean fALFF value of CPL was positively correlated with HADS score and duration of diabetes.However,no such correlation was found,for right ACC or right medial OFC.DVH may lead to abnormal activities in certain brain regions related to visual control and mood.CONCLUSION:Visual impairment caused by DVH may lead to adjustment in regional visual brain activities and may be related to depression or reward system processing in some brain regions.展开更多
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly...BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly impact the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the correlations between ocular surface function,sleep quality,and anxiety/depression in patients with DED.METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigative study that included 358 patients with DED between January 2022 and January 2025.Ocular surface was assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI),tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining score,and Schirmer I test.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate sleep quality and anxiety/depression levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.RESULTS The mean PSQI score of the patients was 9.94±2.18;the mean SAS score was 47.30±4.90,and the mean SDS score was 50.08±5.52.These suggested a prevalence of sleep and psychological abnormalities.There was a significant correlation between the indicators of ocular surface function(OSDI,tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining,and Schirmer I test)and PSQI,SAS,and SDS scores(P<0.05).Moreover,multiple regression revealed that age≥50 years(β=1.55,P=0.029),PSQI scores(β=0.58,P<0.001),SAS scores(β=0.17,P=0.017),and SDS scores(β=0.15,P=0.019)were independent predictors of the OSDI scores.CONCLUSION Ocular surface function in patients with DED is closely related to sleep quality and anxiety/depression,emphasizing the need for holistic clinical management.展开更多
AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supple...AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supplements dosage,intervention duration,and geographical variation on intervention results.METHODS:A systematic search and screening of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)completed between 2014 and 2023 was undertaken using the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases,in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations.The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the studies.A Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 to calculate standardized mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup analyses were performed to look at the effects of different doses,intervention periods,and geographic areas.Additionally,publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.RESULTS:Ten studies including 1035 participants with myopia were analyzed.Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin resulted in a significant reduction in axial length elongation among adolescents in the intervention group(SMD=-0.40,P=0.001),an increase in macular pigment optical density(SMD=0.50,P=0.010),and an enhancement in visual sensitivity(SMD=0.53,P=0.008).Subgroup analyses revealed that participants receiving high doses and those undergoing intervention for more than 12mo exhibited significantly improved outcomes compared to those in the low-dose and short-term groups(high-dose vs low-dose:SMD=-0.41 vs-0.22,P=0.003;>12mo vs 6-12mo:SMD=-0.43 vs-0.23,P=0.004,respectively).Furthermore,Egger’s test indicated no significant publication bias(P=0.094).CONCLUSION:Combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has a significant effect on myopia prevention in adolescents,with more pronounced benefits observed in high-dose and long-term interventions.The findings provide scientific evidence for its use as an adjunctive approach in myopia control.展开更多
AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proport...AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proportion of complete resolution of subretinal fluid(SRF),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:A total of 40 eyes from 40 patients with aged 34-59y were enrolled in the study.Twenty eyes in bevacizumab group(17 males)and 20 eyes(18 males)in brolucizumab group.Comparing the proportion of complete resolution of SRF,the brolucizumab group was statistically significantly higher than the bevacizumab group(P<0.05).In 1mo,CMT was significantly reduced in the brolucizumab group compared to the bevacizumab group(265±69 vs 319±70μm;P=0.021).However,there was no significant difference in CMT between the two groups at 2 and 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Brolucizumab is anatomically and functionally superior to bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with cCSC.展开更多
AIM:To determine whether paeonol(Pae),a naturally occurring phenolic compound,can serve as an effective pharmacological inhibitor of posterior capsular opacification(PCO).METHODS:A rat model of cataract surgery—induc...AIM:To determine whether paeonol(Pae),a naturally occurring phenolic compound,can serve as an effective pharmacological inhibitor of posterior capsular opacification(PCO).METHODS:A rat model of cataract surgery—induced PCO was established,and Pae was administered via anterior chamber injection to evaluate its preventive effect on capsular opacification and fibrotic remodeling.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)—related changes in lens epithelial cells(LECs).Ex vivo lens capsule cultures were employed to examine the expression of Vimentin and Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1)by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.In the human LEC line SRA01/04,EMT marker expression at both mRNA and protein levels was analyzed following transforming growth factor beta 2(TGF-β2)stimulation,with Pae treatment.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the effect of Pae on TGF-β/Smad signaling and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)activation.Molecular docking was performed to predict Pae–AMPK binding,and rescue experiments with AMPK inhibition were conducted to validate the mechanistic pathway.RESULTS:Pae significantly reduced capsular opacification and fibrotic remodeling in the rat PCO model compared with controls.In LECs,Pae markedly suppressed TGF-β2–induced EMT,evidenced by decreased expression of mesenchymal markers,such as Vimentin,Fibronectin,Collagen 1A1,α-SMA and preserved epithelial junctional protein ZO-1.Mechanistically,Pae was predicted to directly interact with the catalytic pocket of AMPK,which was experimentally confirmed by enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation(P<0.05).This activation disrupted canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling,leading to suppression of EMT.Rescue experiments using AMPK inhibition abrogated the anti-EMT effect of Pae,further validating the AMPK-dependent mechanism.CONCLUSION:Pae exerts a potent inhibitory effect on PCO formation by blocking EMT of LECs through direct activation of AMPK and subsequent disruption of TGF-β/Smad signaling.展开更多
Dynamic visual acuity test(DVAT)plays a key role in the assessment of vestibular function,the visual function of athletes,as well as various ocular diseases.As the visual pathways conducting dynamic and static signals...Dynamic visual acuity test(DVAT)plays a key role in the assessment of vestibular function,the visual function of athletes,as well as various ocular diseases.As the visual pathways conducting dynamic and static signals are different,DVATs may have potential advantages over the traditional visual acuity tests commonly used,such as static visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,and static perimetry.Here,we provide a review of commonly applied DVATs and their several uses in clinical ophthalmology.These data indicate that the DVAT has its unique clinical significance in the evaluation of several ocular disorders.展开更多
AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and...AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and three cataract surgeons participated in the study. The residents were randomly separated into two groups, WLT group and SST group. The residents in WLT group were asked to perform 10 trials of chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons, and then they performed and scored using simulator for one time. The residents in SST group underwent 10 trials of chopping using simulator, and the simulator scored each trail. Then, this group were asked to perform the chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons. At last, we investigated the residents’ satisfaction about the training.RESULTS: The demographic characteristics had no significant differences between the two groups. Recorded by the simulator, the residents in SST group got significantly higher overall score(83.90±1.31) than WLT group(78.73±1.92, P=0.03). And the residents in SST group got less corner area injured, and they spend less time than WLT group(P<0.05). Moreover, the residents in WLT group used more ultrasonic energy value than SST group(P=0.03). However, scored by the surgeons, the residents in two groups got nearly the same overall score. The residents in WLT group performed better on the frequencies of posterior capsule torn and incisional stress(P=0.03, 0.008, respectively). In the survey, the residents in two groups held the same opinion that the training was helpful and they strongly recommended this training. And all of them enjoyed the training, and enjoyed being randomized in their own group. However, with respect to the realistic character, the residents thought that WLT was better than SST(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Both of the Eyesi surgical-stimulator and the wet-lab improve the residents’ chopping ability and each has its own advantages. The combination of the two training ways could be considered to be a part of the training curriculum for new residents.展开更多
基金supported by the Fujian Provincial Undergraduate Teaching Reform Project(J21008)Teaching Research Program for Undergraduate Education at Fujian Medical University(J24030).
文摘Virtual Reality(VR)technology is widely recognized as a prominent technological paradigm.Its potential and promise in the domain of ophthalmology are substantial,and the evolution of VR technology has significantly influenced the contemporary landscape of ophthalmology.Numerous empirical studies have validated the practical utility of VR technology in domains such as ophthalmic disease treatment and surgery training.This paper offers a comprehensive overview of VR technology's utilization in ophthalmic disease treatment,student education,and surgery training,expands the application of VR technology in ophthalmic evaluation and disease diagnosis,discusses the challenges and limitations of VR technology in ophthalmology,and expounds on emerging trends and future developments of VR technology in ophthalmology.This endeavor aims to provide readers with an in-depth comprehension of the current status and future prospects of VR technology application in ophthalmology,with the ultimate objective of fostering more effective advancements and applications of VR technology in the realm of ophthalmology.
文摘The intersection of visual impairment and mental health has profound effects on quality of life and warrants attention from healthcare providers,educators,and policymakers.With 20 million children under the age of 14 affected globally,older adults also experience significant psychological impact including depression,anxiety,and cognitive impairment.The implications of vision-related challenges extend far beyond mere sight.Depression and anxiety,exacerbated by social isolation and reduced physical activity,underscore the need for comprehensive interventions that address both medical and psychosocial dimensions.By recognizing the profound impact of ocular morbidities like strabismus,myopia,glaucoma,and age-related macular degeneration on mental health and investing in effective treatments and inclusive practices,society can pave the way for a healthier,more equitable future for affected individuals.There is evidence that myopic children experience a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to their normal peers,and interventions like the correction of strabismus can enhance psychological outcome-demonstrating the value of an integrated management approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82101115(to JY)the Wuhan University Independent Innovation Fund Youth Project,No.2042021kf0094(to JY).
文摘Tunneling nanotubes are crucial structures for cellular communication and are observed in a variety of cell types.Glial cells,the most abundant cells in the nervous system,play a vital role in intercellular signaling and can show abnormal activation under pathological conditions.Our bibliometric analysis indicated a substantial increase in research on tunneling nanotubes over the past two decades,highlighting their important role in cellular communication.This review focuses on the formation of tunneling nanotubes in various types of glial cells,including astrocytes,microglia,glioma cells,and Schwann cells,as well as their roles in cellular communication and cargo transport.We found that glial cells influence the stability of the neural system and play a role in nerve regeneration through tunneling nanotubes.Tunneling nanotubes facilitate the transmission and progression of diseases by transporting pathogens and harmful substances.However,they are also involved in alleviating cellular stress by removing toxins and delivering essential nutrients.Understanding the interactions between glial cells through tunneling nanotubes could provide valuable insights into the complex neural networks that govern brain function and responses to injury.
文摘AIM:To investigate age-related differences in the irislens angle(ILA)among patients with age-related cortical cataracts and elucidate the impact of age on lens stability.METHODS:A prospective observational study was conducted on patients with age-related cortical cataracts scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery.Preoperative ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM)images were collected and analyzed.Initially,patients were stratified into two age groups:<60y and≥60y,with no significant intergroup differences in sex or eye laterality.For further analysis,participants were subdivided into three age strata:<60y,60-75y,and>75y.The ILA was measured in four quadrants(superior,inferior,nasal,and temporal).Intergroup differences in ILA were compared,and correlations between age and ILA parameters were analyzed using statistical methods.RESULTS:The sample data were categorized into three groups according to age,<60y(113 patients;55.8%female),60–75y(245 patients;61.0%female),and>75y(70 patients;50.2%female).The superior quadrant ILA increased progressively with age stratification(P=0.02),and the maximum ILA difference(ΔILA)was significantly higher in patients over 75y(P<0.01).Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between age and ILA in the superior(Y=7.487+0.096X,R=0.191,P<0.001)and temporal(Y=10.254+0.052X,R=0.104,P=0.032)quadrants.Additionally,the mean ILA across all quadrants(ILAmean)andΔILA were positively correlated with age(ILAmean:Y=9.721+0.055X,R=0.138,P=0.004;ΔILA:Y=3.267+0.044X,R=0.006,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:In patients with age-related cortical cataracts,ILA increases with age,particularly in the superior and temporal quadrants,suggesting that advanced age is associated with greater lens deviation and decreased lens stability.UBM imaging can effectively evaluate the status of the zonule and lens stability,providing crucial evidence for personalized surgical planning based on patients’age.
文摘AIM:To investigate the efficacy and safety of 90°inferonasal sectoral goniotomy with an micro-vitreoretinal(MVR)blade in patients with mild-to-moderate primary open-angle glaucoma(POAG)and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma(PEXG).METHODS:This retrospective study included data from 60 patients(60 eyes)who underwent stand-alone goniotomy or goniotomy with phacoemulsification between August 2021 and January 2023,and 45 eyes underwent goniotomy combined with phacoemulsification,and 15 eyes underwent goniotomy as a stand-alone procedure.Postoperatively,intraocular pressure(IOP)and the number of medications were collected at 1,3,6,and 12 mo.The side effects of surgery were recorded 1 d,1 wk,and 1,3,6,and 12 mo postoperatively.The primary outcomes were a reduction in IOP of at least 20%from baseline and a decrease in the number of antiglaucomatous medications in 1 a postoperatively.The secondary outcome was surgical success,defined as an IOP<18 mmHg with(qualified)or without(complete)antiglaucomatous medication at 1 a postoperatively.RESULTS:At the end of 1 a,78%of patients achieved both a>20%reduction in IOP and a reduction in the number of medications used.Overall success was achieved in 63%of patients.Microhyphaema was the most common complication,none of the patients experienced a complication requiring surgical intervention.CONCLUSION:Sectoral inferonasal goniotomy with an MVR blade significantly reduced IOP and the number of medications required in patients with POAG and PEXG,and 1-year follow-up after goniotomy showed that the need for filtering surgery was either eliminated or delayed in a significant number of patients.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.82101107No.81471575).
文摘AIM:To identify key genes and inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the anti-inflammatory effects of Hedysarum polybotrys polysaccharide(HPS)in a rat model of endotoxin-induced uveitis(EIU).METHODS:EIU was induced in Wistar rats through subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS,200μg)and the rats were then randomly assigned to EIU group(n=5)and the HPS intervention group(n=5).HPS(400 mg/kg,intraperitoneally)or its carrier was administered 24h and 1h prior to EIU induction.Eyes were examined and enucleated 24h post-induction,and total RNA was extracted from the iris-ciliary body.Gene expression microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed genes(DEGs),followed by bioinformatics analyses,including gene ontology(GO)and pathway analysis.Key findings were not experimentally validated at the mRNA or protein level.RESULTS:A total of 322 DEGs were identified,comprising 254 mRNA and 68 lncRNA genes.GO analysis revealed significant functional categories,including response to LPS.Pathway analysis identified key signaling pathways involved in uveitis,such as cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions.Notably,16 mRNA and 7 lncRNA DEGs emerged as central nodes in the gene correlation network.CONCLUSION:HPS exerts its anti-inflammatory effects through coordinated signaling pathways,offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing uveitis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82070991).
文摘Dear Editor,Torpedo maculopathy(TM),first described by Roseman and Gass in 1992[1],is a rare congenital unilateral retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)abnormality.The term“torpedo maculopathy”was coined by Daily[2]in 1993.TM typically spares the foveal center,is asymptomatic,and is often detected incidentally during routine ophthalmic examinations.Through literature search,we did not identify racial or regional differences in TM.It predominantly affects children,with an estimated prevalence of 2 per 100000 in individuals under 16 ages[3].While previous reports have focused on pediatric and adult populations,this study presents four cases of TM in preterm infants.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82271115(to MY).
文摘Synaptic plasticity is essential for maintaining neuronal function in the central nervous system and serves as a critical indicator of the effects of neurodegenerative disease.Glaucoma directly impairs retinal ganglion cells and their axons,leading to axonal transport dysfuntion,subsequently causing secondary damage to anterior or posterior ends of the visual system.Accordingly,recent evidence indicates that glaucoma is a degenerative disease of the central nervous system that causes damage throughout the visual pathway.However,the effects of glaucoma on synaptic plasticity in the primary visual cortex remain unclear.In this study,we established a mouse model of unilateral chronic ocular hypertension by injecting magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of one eye.We found that,after 4 weeks of chronic ocular hypertension,the neuronal somas were smaller in the superior colliculus and lateral geniculate body regions of the brain contralateral to the affected eye.This was accompanied by glial cell activation and increased expression of inflammatory factors.After 8 weeks of ocular hypertension,we observed a reduction in the number of excitatory and inhibitory synapses,dendritic spines,and activation of glial cells in the primary visual cortex contralateral to the affected eye.These findings suggest that glaucoma not only directly damages the retina but also induces alterations in synapses and dendritic spines in the primary visual cortex,providing new insights into the pathogenesis of glaucoma.
文摘AIM:To investigate the underlying causes of surgical failure and reoperation management in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)who underwent scleral buckle surgery at our institution.METHODS:This was a single-center,retrospective,descriptive study.The clinical data of 368 patients(387 eyes)with RRD who underwent scleral buckling(SB)surgery between August 2013 and July 2023 at our institution were collected.The aim was to analyze the causes of recurrence and the rationale for selecting reoperation methods.RESULTS:Totally 368 patients(387 eyes)were included in the analysis,comprising 222 males and 146 females.The average age was 30.26±14.18 years,and the mean follow-up duration was(48.33±20.39)mo.The success rate of SB surgery was 90.2%.Recurrent retinal detachment occurred in 38 eyes.Based on surgical records,the causes of SB failure were analyzed.The recurrence causes included abnormal compression ridge position(position,height,or width)in 14 eyes(36.8%,14/38),hole omission in 11 eyes(29.0%,11/38),proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR)in 10 eyes(26.3%,10/38),and new holes in 3 eyes(7.9%,3/38).Among these,8 eyes(21.1%,8/38)underwent repeat SB surgery,while the remaining 30 eyes(78.9%,30/38)underwent pars plana vitrectomy(PPV).Regarding tamponade agents,silicone oil was used in 11 eyes(36.7%,11/30),C 3F 8 gas in 12 eyes(40.0%,12/30),and sterile air in 7 eyes(23.3%,7/30).CONCLUSION:SB surgery demonstrates a high success rate in the treatment of RRD.However,abnormal compression ridge position,missed holes during surgery,and PVR are the primary causes of SB failure.After addressing the reasons for failure,re-SB surgery or PPV can be effective alternatives.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81900873 to A.Q.)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Programme-social development(Grant No.BE2023777 to W.Z.)+1 种基金the Key Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Commission of Health(Grant No.H2022185 to W.Z.)the Clinical Capacity Enhancement Project of Jiangsu Province Hospital(Grant No.JSPH-MB-2023-18 to W.Z.)。
文摘Diabetic retinopathy(DR),a common complication of diabetes,is characterized by retinal angiogenesis and inflammation.The role of hepatoma-derived growth factor(HDGF)in mediating inflammation during DR remains unclear.We measured HDGF levels in the aqueous humor and found that HDGF was increased in DR but decreased after anti-angiogenesis treatment.Using public single-cell RNA sequencing datasets,we found that elevated HDGF in DR was mainly produced by Müller cells and targeted microglia.Additionally,integrin beta 2(Itgb2),a target gene of HDGF that induces microglial activation,was significantly upregulated in DR.To verify these results,we performed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,quantitative reverse transcription-PCR,Western blotting,and fluorescence immunostaining in cultured Müller and microglial cells treated with HDGF or anti-HDGF,as well as in DR mice receiving intravitreal injections of HDGF or its antibody.Exogenous HDGF further promoted microglial activation,migration,and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines,while neutralization of HDGF suppressed these effects caused by high glucose.Furthermore,the HDGF receptor nucleolin was overexpressed in microglia under high glucose stimulation.Therefore,blocking HDGF from Müller cells in DR reduced the excessive inflammatory response in microglia,highlighting HDGF as a potential therapeutic target.
文摘AIM:To investigate the effects of different light intensities and various mydriatic and miotic drugs on pupil accommodation in guinea pigs.METHODS:Forty-two-week-old guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups to assess pupillary responses under varying light intensities(100,250,500 lx)and pharmacological interventions(1%atropine,1%cyclopentolate,1%tropicamide,or 2%pilocarpine).Baseline pupil size and eccentricity were recorded using a non-contact Python-based imaging system integrating edge detection and pixel-to-distance conversion.Direct illumination effects were measured at sequential time points,followed by drug administration and longitudinal tracking of pupillary changes.The protocol was repeated at 12wk of age for developmental comparisons.Postexperiment,enucleated eyes were analyzed to evaluate in vitro vs in vivo differences.RESULTS:Significant age-dependent differences in pupil dynamics were observed.Both 2-and 12-week-old guinea pigs exhibited marked pupil constriction under direct illumination(P<0.001),with decreased eccentricity post-constriction(P<0.001).Indirect illumination caused inconsistent pupil size changes(2-week:P=0.68;12-week:P=0.49).Pharmacologically,atropine,cyclopentolate,and tropicamide induced pupil dilation(P<0.001),whereas pilocarpine caused constriction(P<0.001).All drug groups showed reduced eccentricity(P<0.001).In vivo/in vitro comparisons revealed significant structural differences.CONCLUSION:This study investigates pupillary responses in developing guinea pigs,revealing a direct pupillary light reflex(PLR)with light intensity-dependent responses,while indirect PLR was undetectable.The differential effects of muscarinic modulators on pupillary responses underscore the critical role of cholinergic signaling in ocular accommodation,with age-related variations in sensitivity.Additionally,a novel non-contact measurement methodology achieved a precision of 0.01 mm for pupillary quantification,enhancing accuracy in ocular studies.
文摘Calcium (Ca^(2+)) is a key intracellular messenger involved in a variety of cellular functions.Intracellular Ca^(2+)dysregulation drives neuron cell death in multiple degenerative diseases and traumatic conditions.Retinal ganglion cell(RGC) degeneration occurs in blinding diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82171076(to XS)and U22A20311(to XS),82101168(to TL)Shanghai Science and technology Innovation Action Plan,No.23Y11901300(to JS)+1 种基金Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality,No.21ZR1451500(to TL)Shanghai Pujiang Program,No.22PJ1412200(to BY)。
文摘Progressive photoreceptor cell death is one of the main pathological features of age-related macular degeneration and eventually leads to vision loss.Ferroptosis has been demonstrated to be associated with retinal degenerative diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and photoreceptor cell death in age-related macular degeneration remain largely unexplored.Bioinformatics and biochemical analyses in this study revealed xC^(–),solute carrier family 7 member 11-regulated ferroptosis as the predominant pathological process of photoreceptor cell degeneration in a light-induced dry age-related macular degeneration mouse model.This process involves the nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2-solute carrier family 7 member 11-glutathione peroxidase 4 signaling pathway,through which cystine depletion,iron ion accumulation,and enhanced lipid peroxidation ultimately lead to photoreceptor cell death and subsequent visual function impairment.We demonstrated that solute carrier family 7 member 11 overexpression blocked this process by inhibiting oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo.Conversely,solute carrier family 7 member 11 knockdown or the solute carrier family 7 member 11 inhibitor sulfasalazine and ferroptosis-inducing agent erastin aggravated H_(2)O_(2)-induced ferroptosis of 661W cells.These findings indicate solute carrier family 7 member 11 may be a potential therapeutic target for patients with retinal degenerative diseases including age-related macular degeneration.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82160195,No.82460203)Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2025ZR172).
文摘AIM:To compare spontaneous brain regional activities between diabetic vitreous hemorrhage patients(DVHs)and healthy controls(HCs).METHODS:Thirty-two DVHs and 32 HCs were enrolled in this study.Baseline demographic and vision data were compared between groups using an independent sample t-test.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI)was used in all participants.fMRI data was obtained and analyzed using MRIcro and SPM8 software.Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)technology was used to measure regional spontaneous brain activity,and sensitivity was tested using receiver operating characteristic curves(ROCs).The fALFF values were analyzed using REST software and two-sample t-tests were used to compare values between groups.Hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)score was assessed in DVHs and Pearson’s correlation was used to test relationships between mean fALFF value and both HADS score and duration of DVH.RESULTS:Except for the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)in both eyes,which showed a statistically significant difference(P<0.05),there were no statistically significant differences in the other indicators(P>0.05)between the HCs and DVHs group.Compared with controls,fALFF value was higher in DVH in cerebellum posterior lobe(CPL)and lower in right anterior cingulate cortex(ACC)and right medial orbitofrontal cortex(OFC).In DVH patients,mean fALFF value of CPL was positively correlated with HADS score and duration of diabetes.However,no such correlation was found,for right ACC or right medial OFC.DVH may lead to abnormal activities in certain brain regions related to visual control and mood.CONCLUSION:Visual impairment caused by DVH may lead to adjustment in regional visual brain activities and may be related to depression or reward system processing in some brain regions.
文摘BACKGROUND Dry eye disease(DED)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder with rising prevalence.It is closely related to systemic health and psychological factors,such as sleep and mood disorders,which significantly impact the quality of life of patients.AIM To explore the correlations between ocular surface function,sleep quality,and anxiety/depression in patients with DED.METHODS This was a cross-sectional investigative study that included 358 patients with DED between January 2022 and January 2025.Ocular surface was assessed using the ocular surface disease index(OSDI),tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining score,and Schirmer I test.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)were used to evaluate sleep quality and anxiety/depression levels.Correlation and linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships.RESULTS The mean PSQI score of the patients was 9.94±2.18;the mean SAS score was 47.30±4.90,and the mean SDS score was 50.08±5.52.These suggested a prevalence of sleep and psychological abnormalities.There was a significant correlation between the indicators of ocular surface function(OSDI,tear film break-up time,fluorescein staining,and Schirmer I test)and PSQI,SAS,and SDS scores(P<0.05).Moreover,multiple regression revealed that age≥50 years(β=1.55,P=0.029),PSQI scores(β=0.58,P<0.001),SAS scores(β=0.17,P=0.017),and SDS scores(β=0.15,P=0.019)were independent predictors of the OSDI scores.CONCLUSION Ocular surface function in patients with DED is closely related to sleep quality and anxiety/depression,emphasizing the need for holistic clinical management.
文摘AIM:To conduct a systematic review and Meta-analysis to determine the differential effects of combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation on myopia prevention in teenagers.It also investigates the effects of supplements dosage,intervention duration,and geographical variation on intervention results.METHODS:A systematic search and screening of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)completed between 2014 and 2023 was undertaken using the PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane Library,and Web of Science databases,in accordance with the PRISMA recommendations.The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the studies.A Meta-analysis was performed using Stata 17.0 to calculate standardized mean differences(SMDs)and 95%confidence intervals(CIs).Subgroup analyses were performed to look at the effects of different doses,intervention periods,and geographic areas.Additionally,publication bias was assessed using Egger’s test.RESULTS:Ten studies including 1035 participants with myopia were analyzed.Supplementation with lutein and zeaxanthin resulted in a significant reduction in axial length elongation among adolescents in the intervention group(SMD=-0.40,P=0.001),an increase in macular pigment optical density(SMD=0.50,P=0.010),and an enhancement in visual sensitivity(SMD=0.53,P=0.008).Subgroup analyses revealed that participants receiving high doses and those undergoing intervention for more than 12mo exhibited significantly improved outcomes compared to those in the low-dose and short-term groups(high-dose vs low-dose:SMD=-0.41 vs-0.22,P=0.003;>12mo vs 6-12mo:SMD=-0.43 vs-0.23,P=0.004,respectively).Furthermore,Egger’s test indicated no significant publication bias(P=0.094).CONCLUSION:Combined lutein and zeaxanthin supplementation has a significant effect on myopia prevention in adolescents,with more pronounced benefits observed in high-dose and long-term interventions.The findings provide scientific evidence for its use as an adjunctive approach in myopia control.
基金Supported by research fund from Chosun University Hospital,2022.
文摘AIM:To compare the intravitreal brolucizumab and bevacizumab injections for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy(cCSC).METHODS:Patients with cCSC were classified into bevacizumab and brolucizumab group.The proportion of complete resolution of subretinal fluid(SRF),best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),central macular thickness(CMT),and subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)were compared between the two groups.RESULTS:A total of 40 eyes from 40 patients with aged 34-59y were enrolled in the study.Twenty eyes in bevacizumab group(17 males)and 20 eyes(18 males)in brolucizumab group.Comparing the proportion of complete resolution of SRF,the brolucizumab group was statistically significantly higher than the bevacizumab group(P<0.05).In 1mo,CMT was significantly reduced in the brolucizumab group compared to the bevacizumab group(265±69 vs 319±70μm;P=0.021).However,there was no significant difference in CMT between the two groups at 2 and 3mo(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:Brolucizumab is anatomically and functionally superior to bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with cCSC.
基金Supported by the Projects of Medical and Health Technology Development Program in Shandong Province(No.202107021009)Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project(No.M-2023118).
文摘AIM:To determine whether paeonol(Pae),a naturally occurring phenolic compound,can serve as an effective pharmacological inhibitor of posterior capsular opacification(PCO).METHODS:A rat model of cataract surgery—induced PCO was established,and Pae was administered via anterior chamber injection to evaluate its preventive effect on capsular opacification and fibrotic remodeling.Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed to assess epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)—related changes in lens epithelial cells(LECs).Ex vivo lens capsule cultures were employed to examine the expression of Vimentin and Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1)by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.In the human LEC line SRA01/04,EMT marker expression at both mRNA and protein levels was analyzed following transforming growth factor beta 2(TGF-β2)stimulation,with Pae treatment.Western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the effect of Pae on TGF-β/Smad signaling and AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)activation.Molecular docking was performed to predict Pae–AMPK binding,and rescue experiments with AMPK inhibition were conducted to validate the mechanistic pathway.RESULTS:Pae significantly reduced capsular opacification and fibrotic remodeling in the rat PCO model compared with controls.In LECs,Pae markedly suppressed TGF-β2–induced EMT,evidenced by decreased expression of mesenchymal markers,such as Vimentin,Fibronectin,Collagen 1A1,α-SMA and preserved epithelial junctional protein ZO-1.Mechanistically,Pae was predicted to directly interact with the catalytic pocket of AMPK,which was experimentally confirmed by enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and nuclear translocation(P<0.05).This activation disrupted canonical TGF-β/Smad signaling,leading to suppression of EMT.Rescue experiments using AMPK inhibition abrogated the anti-EMT effect of Pae,further validating the AMPK-dependent mechanism.CONCLUSION:Pae exerts a potent inhibitory effect on PCO formation by blocking EMT of LECs through direct activation of AMPK and subsequent disruption of TGF-β/Smad signaling.
基金Supported by Chinese Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research(No.CFH2018-2-4093)National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2018ZX10101-004)。
文摘Dynamic visual acuity test(DVAT)plays a key role in the assessment of vestibular function,the visual function of athletes,as well as various ocular diseases.As the visual pathways conducting dynamic and static signals are different,DVATs may have potential advantages over the traditional visual acuity tests commonly used,such as static visual acuity,contrast sensitivity,and static perimetry.Here,we provide a review of commonly applied DVATs and their several uses in clinical ophthalmology.These data indicate that the DVAT has its unique clinical significance in the evaluation of several ocular disorders.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation Grant from Jiangxi Science and Technology Department (No.20192BAB205049)Young Talent Scholar Grant (No.2016KJXX-12)from Shaanxi Science and Technology Department, Teaching Reform Grant (No.JC2020-0309,No.JG20190330)。
文摘AIM: To analyze whether wet-lab training(WLT) or surgical-simulator training(SST) is better for ophthalmology residents to master the chopping technique.METHODS: Sixty ophthalmology residents(in their second year) and three cataract surgeons participated in the study. The residents were randomly separated into two groups, WLT group and SST group. The residents in WLT group were asked to perform 10 trials of chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons, and then they performed and scored using simulator for one time. The residents in SST group underwent 10 trials of chopping using simulator, and the simulator scored each trail. Then, this group were asked to perform the chopping using pig eyes and scored by the surgeons. At last, we investigated the residents’ satisfaction about the training.RESULTS: The demographic characteristics had no significant differences between the two groups. Recorded by the simulator, the residents in SST group got significantly higher overall score(83.90±1.31) than WLT group(78.73±1.92, P=0.03). And the residents in SST group got less corner area injured, and they spend less time than WLT group(P<0.05). Moreover, the residents in WLT group used more ultrasonic energy value than SST group(P=0.03). However, scored by the surgeons, the residents in two groups got nearly the same overall score. The residents in WLT group performed better on the frequencies of posterior capsule torn and incisional stress(P=0.03, 0.008, respectively). In the survey, the residents in two groups held the same opinion that the training was helpful and they strongly recommended this training. And all of them enjoyed the training, and enjoyed being randomized in their own group. However, with respect to the realistic character, the residents thought that WLT was better than SST(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Both of the Eyesi surgical-stimulator and the wet-lab improve the residents’ chopping ability and each has its own advantages. The combination of the two training ways could be considered to be a part of the training curriculum for new residents.
