Conjugate effects heat and mass transfer on free convection flow across an isothermal sphere immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid in the presence of species concentration with radiation heat loss has been invest...Conjugate effects heat and mass transfer on free convection flow across an isothermal sphere immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid in the presence of species concentration with radiation heat loss has been investigated in this paper. The governing boundary layer equations are first transformed into a non-dimensional form and the resulting nonlinear systems of partial differential equations are then solved numerically using Finite—difference method with Keller-box Scheme. We have focused our attention on the evaluation velocity profiles, temperature profiles and species concentration profiles of the fluid as well as the local skin friction coefficient, local heat transfer rate and local species concentration transfer rate for a wide range of radiation parameter Rd, Schmidt number Sc and Prandlt number Pr.展开更多
Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel...Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel traffic modelling framework for aggregate traffic on urban roads. The main idea is that road traffic flow is random, even for the recurrent flow, such as rush hour traffic, which is predisposed to congestion. Therefore, the structure of the aggregate traffic flow model for urban roads should correlate well with the essential variables of the observed random dynamics of the traffic flow phenomena. The novelty of this paper is the developed framework, based on the Poisson process, the kinematics of urban road traffic flow, and the intermediate modelling approach, which were combined to formulate the model. Empirical data from an urban road in Ghana was used to explore the model’s fidelity. The results show that the distribution from the model correlates well with that of the empirical traffic, providing a strong validation of the new framework and instilling confidence in its potential for significantly improved forecasts and, hence, a more hopeful outlook for real-world traffic management.展开更多
Melanomas are aggressive cancers,with a high rate of metastatic disease.Cutaneous(CM)and uveal(UM)melanomas are intrinsically different diseases,and most cell death inducers effective for CM do not function for UM.Thi...Melanomas are aggressive cancers,with a high rate of metastatic disease.Cutaneous(CM)and uveal(UM)melanomas are intrinsically different diseases,and most cell death inducers effective for CM do not function for UM.This is primarily due to the fact the eye is an immunologically privileged organ,and it fails to achieve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)comparable to that for CM.However,approaches utilizing specific melanomaassociated antigens are being developed for metastatic forms of CM and UM.The most promising to date are gp100 and tyrosinase related protein 1(TYRP1),primarily for the design of targeting chimeric molecules and for autologous T-/NK-cell products with a chimeric antigen receptor.The difference in the mutational profile of apoptosis-related genes in CM and UM also makes counterproductive the use of the same drugs re-activators of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.Therefore,the discovery of novel pathways of regulated cell death such as ferroptosis and cuproptosis may help in the development of new drugs for melanomas resistant to already available inducers of regulated cell death.Here we consistently discuss the latest advances in the therapy of melanomas,and above all-UM,which is classified as an orphan disease.展开更多
The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oi...The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oil mill boilers as a source of organic fertilization in the production of palm bunches. To do this, different doses of oil mill boiler emptying ash were tested on oil palms in production. The results showed that the oil palms responded favorably regardless of the dose of oil mill boiler emptying ash. Thus, the comparison of the different doses Tv1 (1 kg), Tv2 (1.5 kg), Tv3 (2 kg), Tv4 (3 kg), Tv5 (4 kg), Tv6 (5 kg) and Tv7 (7 kg) showed that the high doses led to an increase in the weight of the bunches. Better still, the Tv6 treatment at a dose of 5 kg/tree proved to be optimal for good production of palm bunches with a gain of 73.9% compared to the treatment without oil mill boiler emptying ash (absolute control).展开更多
Temperate rainforests have historically been considered highly vulnerable to disturbance.Climate change,which is expected to increase the intensity,frequency,and impacts of disturbance events,is consequently a signifi...Temperate rainforests have historically been considered highly vulnerable to disturbance.Climate change,which is expected to increase the intensity,frequency,and impacts of disturbance events,is consequently a significant threat to their long-term persistence.However,data describing the long-term response of temperate rainforests to disturbance is rare.In the cool temperate rainforests of northern New South Wales,Australia,Nothofagus moorei is considered especially vulnerable to climate change due to a decreasing number of mature individuals,limited remaining suitable habitat,and low rates of sexual regeneration.In this study,we used over 50 years of empirical data from silvicultural experiments with multiple thinning intensities to characterise the demographic responses(i.e.,growth,mortality,and recruitment)of cool temperate rainforest species,including N.moorei,to disturbance over time.Cool temperate rainforest species showed resilience to disturbance,predominantly through their widespread ability to basally coppice.Nothofagus moorei,in particular,demonstrated higher rates of successful sexual and vegetative recruitment and grew faster in response to higher intensities of disturbance,in comparison to very low rates of recruitment pre-disturbance.These results challenge successional models that position rainforests as disturbance-sensitive ecosystems and identify N.moorei as a species that requires large-scale disturbance to successfully regenerate.Management regimes that actively exclude disturbance from these forests risk the local loss of disturbance-dependent rainforest species such as N.moorei.展开更多
The scientific article discusses the principles of ecological landscaping of the classroom related to the creation and development of a safe educational environment.The functions of vertical landscaping of the classro...The scientific article discusses the principles of ecological landscaping of the classroom related to the creation and development of a safe educational environment.The functions of vertical landscaping of the classroom and the territo-ry,as well as the plants used in it,are defined.The ways of creating the principle of“tieredness”in ecological gardening are determined.The conformity of the measurements of landscaping inside the classroom with the norms of safety of landscaping according to SanPiN KR was determined and their results were presented.In our study,we took the green component of ecological safety as the basis of the educational environment.After all,the ecological landscaping of the educational room is an important and indispensable part of creating a favorable environment for the health of students and the development of complex:aesthetic,ecological culture.Greening plays a decisive role in maintaining a micro-climate favorable for health.When plants are properly placed according to safety standards in the classroom and on the territory,they provide shade,reduce dust,kill microorganisms causing infectious diseases and clean the air.Therefore,many species of native plants grown in Central Asia are used for the landscaping of educational buildings.展开更多
Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by the dengue virus,with 390 million infections reported annually worldwide.It is classified into two categories:dengue without or with warning signs and severe dengue.[1]Given th...Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by the dengue virus,with 390 million infections reported annually worldwide.It is classified into two categories:dengue without or with warning signs and severe dengue.[1]Given the moderate efficacy of the dengue vaccine,[2]there is an urgent necessity to design host-directed therapeutic strategies,such as the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs,to combat dengue virus infection.展开更多
We assume exponential corrections to the entropy of 5D charged Ad S black hole solutions,which are derived within the framework of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and nonlinear electrodynamics.Additionally,we consider t...We assume exponential corrections to the entropy of 5D charged Ad S black hole solutions,which are derived within the framework of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and nonlinear electrodynamics.Additionally,we consider two distinct versions of 5D charged Ad S black holes by setting the parameters q→0 and k→0(where q represents the charge,and k is the non-linear parameter).We investigate these black holes in the extended phase space,where the cosmological constant is interpreted as pressure,demonstrating the first law of black hole thermodynamics.The focus extends to understanding the thermal stability or instability,as well as identifying first and second-order phase transitions.This exploration is carried out through the analysis of various thermodynamic quantities,including heat capacity at constant pressure,Gibbs free energy(GFE),Helmholtz free energy(HFE),and the trace of the Hessian matrix.In order to visualize phase transitions,identify critical points,analyze stability and provide comprehensive analysis,we have made the contour plot of the mentioned thermodynamic quantities and observed that our results are very consistent.These investigations are conducted within the context of exponentially corrected entropies,providing valuable insights into the intricate thermodynamic behavior of these 5D charged Ad S black holes under different parameter limits.展开更多
To promote growth,terrestrial plants release photosynthetic products into the rhizosphere in the form of root exudates through their root systems.Under the attraction of root exudates,plant growth-promoting rhizobacte...To promote growth,terrestrial plants release photosynthetic products into the rhizosphere in the form of root exudates through their root systems.Under the attraction of root exudates,plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)colonize the rhizosphere to stimulate plant growth and/or suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.The rhizospheric recruitment of PGPR,as well as the establishment of root-microbe interactions,is initiated by chemotaxis towards root exudates.Over the past several decades,scientists have made notable strides in identifying representative chemoeffectors in root exudates,as well as the corresponding chemoreceptors.We review here the most recent developments in rhizospheric chemotaxis,particularly the chemoeffectors in root exudates,the structural and functional characterization of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of PGPR,and the impacts of rhizospheric chemotaxis on root colonization,biofilm formation,and other root-microbe interactions during recruitment.Finally,we propose several perspectives that aim to fully unlock the potential of PGPR as bioinoculants in sustainable agriculture.展开更多
Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on th...Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on this paradigm,recent developments have introduced a novel class of black holes within the VEG framework,revealing intriguing connections between apparent dark matter effects and the distribution of baryonic matter.In this study,we delve into the observational signatures of a Simpson–Visser(SV)Minkowski core regular black hole in VEG,focusing on its shadow images and intensity profiles.Our analysis highlights the profound influence of model parameters,including A(governing baryonic matter distribution),B(strength of interaction between apparent dark matter and baryonic matter),and n(characterizing diverse spacetime geometries),on the effective potential and observable properties.Notably,we find that the modifications introduced by these parameters lead to distinct changes in the black hole's shadow size and intensity distribution.Comparing our results to the Reissner–Nordström(RN)black hole,we uncover a striking reduction in the apparent shadow size and an enhancement in intensity for the SV solution in VEG.展开更多
Agricultural management practices influence soil health.In this study,agricultural lands of cold arid Hanna village,Balochistan,Pakistan,were studied to assess soil properties and the abundance of soil macrofauna spec...Agricultural management practices influence soil health.In this study,agricultural lands of cold arid Hanna village,Balochistan,Pakistan,were studied to assess soil properties and the abundance of soil macrofauna species.Five orchards,five tree-based intercropping(TBI)systems,two croplands and a barren unprotected rangeland were sampled.Soil properties,such as texture,concentrations of organic matter(SOM),organic carbon(SOC),mineral nitrogen and bioavailable phosphorus,pH and electrical conductivity were analyzed.The abundance and species of soil surface-dwelling and upper soil layer-dwelling(0-5 cm)macrofauna were also measured.Orchards and croplands were older than TBI systems.than the same agricultural systems(cropland or orchards),which were under intense tillage practice or receiving no fertilizer input.Our results demonstrate that the diversified cropping systems with the reduced(shallow)tillage and the amendment of both synthetic and organic fertilizers,promoted soil quality in this cold-winter desert.This study is a source of evidence for the farmers of this region,which highlights the importance of conservation agriculture and crop diversification under TBI system for improving soil quality.It warrants further investigation to evaluate biological indicators of soil health(soil microbial biomass,microbial diversity,microfauna,mesofauna and macrofauna)being influenced by various management practices in this region.Furthermore,the relationship between soil quality and crop production under various management practices in this region needs to be evaluated.Such an extensive study will further help encourage farmers to adopt the best management practice in their fields.展开更多
This review summarizes main research findings in soil fauna eco-geography in China in the past 30 years. The subject areas and main results were overviewed including biodiversity and eco-geological distribution of soi...This review summarizes main research findings in soil fauna eco-geography in China in the past 30 years. The subject areas and main results were overviewed including biodiversity and eco-geological distribution of soil fauna communities. Studies of ecological distributions of soil fauna and dynamic ranges in space from tropical, subtropical to temperate regions, and in categories from forest, grassland, desert, wetland, farmland to urban ecosystems, the responses and indications of soil fauna to soil environments. Effects of intensive disturbance such as fire, grazing, farming, fertilization on soil fauna include sensitive （e.g. nematode） and rare groups and community indexes. The functions of soil fauna were discussed including environmental construction, environmental purification, litter decomposition and elements cycling. Interactions between soil fauna and other biota in soil ecosystems and linking between aboveground and belowground diversity and the effects of global change on soil fauna community in China were also included. Finally, the authors pointed out common interests in soil fauna eco-geographical studies, which include application of molecule biology into soil fauna taxa; function and mechanism of soil fauna community diversity; interaction between aboveground and belowground ecosystems; effects of disturbance, pollution, biological invasion, and global change on soil fauna community and function. The review is to provide a scientific basis for promoting soil fauna eco-geographical studies in China.展开更多
The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five different land-use zones （industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside） in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals （Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, M...The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five different land-use zones （industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside） in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals （Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn） in these samples were determined using ICP-AES after digestion with the mixture of HNO3-HF-HC1 （aqua regia）, and chemically fractionated according to the modified BCR （the European Community Bureau of Reference） sequential extraction procedure. The high metal concentration levels were detected in the sample from industrial zone and commercial zone having heavy traffic. While the low metal levels were noted in the street dust sample from residential zone, park, and countryside zone. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was： Zn （80.28%）, Pb （78.68%）, Cd （77.66%） 〉 Cu （73.34%） 〉 Mn （67.92%） 〉 Co （41.66%） 〉 Ni （30.36%） 〉 Cr （21.56%）, Fe （20.86%）. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. Factor analysis showed that these areas were mainly contaminated by three sources, namely lithology, traffic, and industry.展开更多
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population.With advances in medical care,the mortality rate of pediatric TBI has declined.However,more children and adolescents a...Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population.With advances in medical care,the mortality rate of pediatric TBI has declined.However,more children and adolescents are living with TBI-related cognitive and emotional impairments,which negatively affects the quality of their life.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in cognition and mood regulation.Alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases,including TBI.Promoting endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI merits significant attention.However,TBI affects the function of neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus,which results in aberrant migration and impaired dendrite development of adult-born neurons.Therefore,a better understanding of adult hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI can facilitate a more successful neuro-restoration of damage in immature brains.Secondary injuries,such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,exert a significant impact on hippocampal neurogenesis.Currently,a variety of therapeutic approaches have been proposed for ameliorating secondary TBI injuries.In this review,we discuss the uniqueness of pediatric TBI,adult hippocampal neurogenesis after pediatric TBI,and current efforts that promote neuroprotection to the developing brains,which can be leveraged to facilitate neuroregeneration.展开更多
The purpose of this article review is to update what is known about the role of diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and is c...The purpose of this article review is to update what is known about the role of diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and is considered to be a spectrum, ranging from fatty infiltration of the liver alone(steatosis), which may lead to fatty infiltration with inflammation known as non alcoholic steatohepatitis While the majority of individualswith risk factors like obesity and insulin resistance have steatosis, only few people may develop steatohepatitis. Current treatment relies on weight loss and exercise, although various insulin-sensitizing medications appear promising. Weight loss alone by dietary changes has been shown to lead to histological improvement in fatty liver making nutrition therapy to become a cornerstone of treatment for NAFLD. Supplementation of vitamin E, C and omega 3 fatty acids are under consideration with some conflicting data. Moreover, research has been showed that saturated fat, trans-fatty acid, carbohydrate, and simple sugars(fructose and sucrose) may play significant role in the intrahepatic fat accumulation. However, true associations with specific nutrients yet to be clarified.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of long-term applications of phosphorus fertilizers on mobility of dissolved organic matter （DOM） and heavy metals in agricultural soils, a sandy soil and a loamy soil were spiked with ammoni...To evaluate the effects of long-term applications of phosphorus fertilizers on mobility of dissolved organic matter （DOM） and heavy metals in agricultural soils, a sandy soil and a loamy soil were spiked with ammonium phosphate at application rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg P per kilogram of soil. A series of 15-cm long soil columns were constructed by packing incubated soils of varying concentrations of P. The soil columns were consecutively leached by simulated rainfalls for six cycles. The contents of water extractable organic carbon in both sandy and loamy soils increased significantly with increasing rates of P applications. Relatively high rates of P applications could induce a marked increase in DOM concentrations in the leachates, the effects were larger with the sandy soil rather than with the loamy soil. Applications of P changed the partitioning of trace metals in the soil solids and the soil solutions. The increased P application rates also seemed to elevate the leaching of Cu, Cd, and Zn from soils. The concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Zn in the leachates were positively correlated with DOM, probably due to the formation of metal-DOM complexes. In contrast, Pb concentrations in the leachates were negatively correlated with DOM, and decreased with increasing rates of P applications. The boosted leaching of DOM induced by high rates of P applications was probably due to the added phosphate ions competing for adsorption sites in the soil solids with the indigenous DOM.展开更多
During spawning events, horseshoe crab eggs are released from the female＇s oviducts, and fertilized by one or more males. Eggs are shaped by the female into discrete clutches deposited in nests at depths of 10-20 cm ...During spawning events, horseshoe crab eggs are released from the female＇s oviducts, and fertilized by one or more males. Eggs are shaped by the female into discrete clutches deposited in nests at depths of 10-20 cm on intertidal estuarine beaches. Distinguishing between fxesh eggs and the early developmental stages is obfuscated by the large amount of dense, opaque yolk. The first unambiguous confirmation of development is the formation of the rudimentary prosomatie appendages at the ＂limb bud＂ stage. Several days thereafter, the outer chorion is shed and the developing embryo expands and undergoes a series of molts within the clear inner egg membrane. The trilobite （first iustar） stage thus attained may remain within the beach sedi- ments for several more weeks, until hatching is facilitated by environmental factors such as hydration, agitation, and osmotic shock that accompany the infiltration of seawater into the nests. Trilobites exhibit endogenous eirgatidal swimming rhythms that are entrained by mechanical agitation, suggesting that peaks in larval swimming are timed to coincide with periods of high water and the inundation of the nests. Larval swimming is limited and does not appear to result in long-distance dispersal. The limited dispersal of the larvae has important implications for the population dynamics of relatively isolated populations. The rate of larval development is highly plastic and is influenced by temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of pollutants. The broad environmental tolerances of horseshoe crab embryos and larvae are important in understanding their current geographic distribution and their evolutionary persistence展开更多
Extractability and mobility of Cu and Zn and their relationships with 1) accumulation of Cu and Zn and 2) soil pH were studied in three sandy soils (Wabasso, Ankona, and Winder) from commercial citrus groves in Florid...Extractability and mobility of Cu and Zn and their relationships with 1) accumulation of Cu and Zn and 2) soil pH were studied in three sandy soils (Wabasso, Ankona, and Winder) from commercial citrus groves in Florida, USA. The soils, with a broad range of Cu and Zn concentrations, were fractionated by a modified procedure of Amacher, while Cu and Zn mobility were evaluated using column leaching. The extractability of Cu and Zn increased with decreasing soil pH. Also with increasing total soil Cu and Zn for extractable Cu in the Wabasso sand a threshold level, where the metal extraction rate increased, was noted at 100 mg kg-1, whereas for extractable Zn in the Wabasso sand the threshold level was found at 60 mg kg-1 and in the Ankona sand at 120 mg kg-1. These results suggested that the release potential of Cu and Zn was greater in the Wabasso sand than in the Ankona sand. The column leaching experiment showed that at total soil Cu or Zn concentrations < 100 mg kg-1 all leachates had low Cu and Zn concentrations. However at total concentrations > 200 mg kg-1 for Cu and > 150 mg kg-1 for Zn with decreasing soil pH, the concentrations of both Cu and Zn in the leachates increased exponentially. Also in these sandy soils soluble Cu and Zn mainly originated from the exchangeable fractions, and pH was a key factor controlling Cu and Zn extractability and mobility.展开更多
A new specimen discovered from the Falang Formation in northeastern Yunnan represents the most complete skeleton of Triassic pistosauroids. The new specimen is referred to Yunguisaurus Cheng et al., 2006 on the basis ...A new specimen discovered from the Falang Formation in northeastern Yunnan represents the most complete skeleton of Triassic pistosauroids. The new specimen is referred to Yunguisaurus Cheng et al., 2006 on the basis of the skull features, such as the presence of a separated nasal entering the external naris, a large pineal foramen located at the frontal/parietal suture and an interpterygoid vacuity with a narrow anterior extension. The new specimen differs from the type species of Yunguisaurus liae Cheng et al., 2006 in some aspects. Most of these differences can be attributed to ontogenetic variations. The new specimen is provisionally considered as Yunguisaurus cf. liae although its relatively short snout of the skull and slenderer hyoid may not be explained ontogenetically. Whether or not the new specimen represents a different taxon has to wait for a detailed study of the whole skeleton.展开更多
Depression is not only a major global public health concern,but also a common comorbidity among patients who experience chronic diseases,such as cancer,stroke,heart disease,diabetes,and chronic obstructive pulmonary d...Depression is not only a major global public health concern,but also a common comorbidity among patients who experience chronic diseases,such as cancer,stroke,heart disease,diabetes,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Yet the recognition and treatment varies widely around the world.This study(1)provides an integrated review of the literature on the prevalence of depression among patients with chronic diseases in China and the United States and its relationship to poorer health outcomes and(2)compares the differences in the percentages of patients receiving treatments for depression between the United States and China.Given the current situation,we recommended that primary care and specialty providers should be knowledgeable and alert regarding the signs of depression.Efforts should be directed to further implement integrated care based interventions to manage depression and improve quality of life among patients suffering chronic diseases in both China and the United States.展开更多
文摘Conjugate effects heat and mass transfer on free convection flow across an isothermal sphere immersed in a viscous incompressible fluid in the presence of species concentration with radiation heat loss has been investigated in this paper. The governing boundary layer equations are first transformed into a non-dimensional form and the resulting nonlinear systems of partial differential equations are then solved numerically using Finite—difference method with Keller-box Scheme. We have focused our attention on the evaluation velocity profiles, temperature profiles and species concentration profiles of the fluid as well as the local skin friction coefficient, local heat transfer rate and local species concentration transfer rate for a wide range of radiation parameter Rd, Schmidt number Sc and Prandlt number Pr.
文摘Road traffic flow forecasting provides critical information for the operational management of road mobility challenges, and models are used to generate the forecast. This paper uses a random process to present a novel traffic modelling framework for aggregate traffic on urban roads. The main idea is that road traffic flow is random, even for the recurrent flow, such as rush hour traffic, which is predisposed to congestion. Therefore, the structure of the aggregate traffic flow model for urban roads should correlate well with the essential variables of the observed random dynamics of the traffic flow phenomena. The novelty of this paper is the developed framework, based on the Poisson process, the kinematics of urban road traffic flow, and the intermediate modelling approach, which were combined to formulate the model. Empirical data from an urban road in Ghana was used to explore the model’s fidelity. The results show that the distribution from the model correlates well with that of the empirical traffic, providing a strong validation of the new framework and instilling confidence in its potential for significantly improved forecasts and, hence, a more hopeful outlook for real-world traffic management.
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation,project no.23-14-00285。
文摘Melanomas are aggressive cancers,with a high rate of metastatic disease.Cutaneous(CM)and uveal(UM)melanomas are intrinsically different diseases,and most cell death inducers effective for CM do not function for UM.This is primarily due to the fact the eye is an immunologically privileged organ,and it fails to achieve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)comparable to that for CM.However,approaches utilizing specific melanomaassociated antigens are being developed for metastatic forms of CM and UM.The most promising to date are gp100 and tyrosinase related protein 1(TYRP1),primarily for the design of targeting chimeric molecules and for autologous T-/NK-cell products with a chimeric antigen receptor.The difference in the mutational profile of apoptosis-related genes in CM and UM also makes counterproductive the use of the same drugs re-activators of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.Therefore,the discovery of novel pathways of regulated cell death such as ferroptosis and cuproptosis may help in the development of new drugs for melanomas resistant to already available inducers of regulated cell death.Here we consistently discuss the latest advances in the therapy of melanomas,and above all-UM,which is classified as an orphan disease.
文摘The use of organic fertilizers is less expensive and advantageous for both the development of the plant and the sanitation of the environment. This is why this investigation aims to promote the ash from emptying of oil mill boilers as a source of organic fertilization in the production of palm bunches. To do this, different doses of oil mill boiler emptying ash were tested on oil palms in production. The results showed that the oil palms responded favorably regardless of the dose of oil mill boiler emptying ash. Thus, the comparison of the different doses Tv1 (1 kg), Tv2 (1.5 kg), Tv3 (2 kg), Tv4 (3 kg), Tv5 (4 kg), Tv6 (5 kg) and Tv7 (7 kg) showed that the high doses led to an increase in the weight of the bunches. Better still, the Tv6 treatment at a dose of 5 kg/tree proved to be optimal for good production of palm bunches with a gain of 73.9% compared to the treatment without oil mill boiler emptying ash (absolute control).
基金supported by the Bushfire and Natural Hazards Cooperative Research Centre and New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service.
文摘Temperate rainforests have historically been considered highly vulnerable to disturbance.Climate change,which is expected to increase the intensity,frequency,and impacts of disturbance events,is consequently a significant threat to their long-term persistence.However,data describing the long-term response of temperate rainforests to disturbance is rare.In the cool temperate rainforests of northern New South Wales,Australia,Nothofagus moorei is considered especially vulnerable to climate change due to a decreasing number of mature individuals,limited remaining suitable habitat,and low rates of sexual regeneration.In this study,we used over 50 years of empirical data from silvicultural experiments with multiple thinning intensities to characterise the demographic responses(i.e.,growth,mortality,and recruitment)of cool temperate rainforest species,including N.moorei,to disturbance over time.Cool temperate rainforest species showed resilience to disturbance,predominantly through their widespread ability to basally coppice.Nothofagus moorei,in particular,demonstrated higher rates of successful sexual and vegetative recruitment and grew faster in response to higher intensities of disturbance,in comparison to very low rates of recruitment pre-disturbance.These results challenge successional models that position rainforests as disturbance-sensitive ecosystems and identify N.moorei as a species that requires large-scale disturbance to successfully regenerate.Management regimes that actively exclude disturbance from these forests risk the local loss of disturbance-dependent rainforest species such as N.moorei.
文摘The scientific article discusses the principles of ecological landscaping of the classroom related to the creation and development of a safe educational environment.The functions of vertical landscaping of the classroom and the territo-ry,as well as the plants used in it,are defined.The ways of creating the principle of“tieredness”in ecological gardening are determined.The conformity of the measurements of landscaping inside the classroom with the norms of safety of landscaping according to SanPiN KR was determined and their results were presented.In our study,we took the green component of ecological safety as the basis of the educational environment.After all,the ecological landscaping of the educational room is an important and indispensable part of creating a favorable environment for the health of students and the development of complex:aesthetic,ecological culture.Greening plays a decisive role in maintaining a micro-climate favorable for health.When plants are properly placed according to safety standards in the classroom and on the territory,they provide shade,reduce dust,kill microorganisms causing infectious diseases and clean the air.Therefore,many species of native plants grown in Central Asia are used for the landscaping of educational buildings.
基金funded by grants Pronaii 302979A1-S-9005 CONACyT (México) from RMDA。
文摘Dengue is an arboviral disease caused by the dengue virus,with 390 million infections reported annually worldwide.It is classified into two categories:dengue without or with warning signs and severe dengue.[1]Given the moderate efficacy of the dengue vaccine,[2]there is an urgent necessity to design host-directed therapeutic strategies,such as the repurposing of FDA-approved drugs,to combat dengue virus infection.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under Grant No.RGP2/539/45。
文摘We assume exponential corrections to the entropy of 5D charged Ad S black hole solutions,which are derived within the framework of Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity and nonlinear electrodynamics.Additionally,we consider two distinct versions of 5D charged Ad S black holes by setting the parameters q→0 and k→0(where q represents the charge,and k is the non-linear parameter).We investigate these black holes in the extended phase space,where the cosmological constant is interpreted as pressure,demonstrating the first law of black hole thermodynamics.The focus extends to understanding the thermal stability or instability,as well as identifying first and second-order phase transitions.This exploration is carried out through the analysis of various thermodynamic quantities,including heat capacity at constant pressure,Gibbs free energy(GFE),Helmholtz free energy(HFE),and the trace of the Hessian matrix.In order to visualize phase transitions,identify critical points,analyze stability and provide comprehensive analysis,we have made the contour plot of the mentioned thermodynamic quantities and observed that our results are very consistent.These investigations are conducted within the context of exponentially corrected entropies,providing valuable insights into the intricate thermodynamic behavior of these 5D charged Ad S black holes under different parameter limits.
基金sponsored by the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.52200189,52230006,and 32271700)the Guangxi Science and Technology Project,China(Nos.2021GXNSFBA220055,2020GXNSFAA297256,and Guike AB21220049)+2 种基金the Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Theory and TechnologyGuangxi Engineering Research Center of Comprehensive Treatment for Agricultural Non-Point Source PollutionModern Industry College of Ecology and Environmental Protection from Guilin University of Technology,China for support。
文摘To promote growth,terrestrial plants release photosynthetic products into the rhizosphere in the form of root exudates through their root systems.Under the attraction of root exudates,plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)colonize the rhizosphere to stimulate plant growth and/or suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.The rhizospheric recruitment of PGPR,as well as the establishment of root-microbe interactions,is initiated by chemotaxis towards root exudates.Over the past several decades,scientists have made notable strides in identifying representative chemoeffectors in root exudates,as well as the corresponding chemoreceptors.We review here the most recent developments in rhizospheric chemotaxis,particularly the chemoeffectors in root exudates,the structural and functional characterization of methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins of PGPR,and the impacts of rhizospheric chemotaxis on root colonization,biofilm formation,and other root-microbe interactions during recruitment.Finally,we propose several perspectives that aim to fully unlock the potential of PGPR as bioinoculants in sustainable agriculture.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/333/46。
文摘Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on this paradigm,recent developments have introduced a novel class of black holes within the VEG framework,revealing intriguing connections between apparent dark matter effects and the distribution of baryonic matter.In this study,we delve into the observational signatures of a Simpson–Visser(SV)Minkowski core regular black hole in VEG,focusing on its shadow images and intensity profiles.Our analysis highlights the profound influence of model parameters,including A(governing baryonic matter distribution),B(strength of interaction between apparent dark matter and baryonic matter),and n(characterizing diverse spacetime geometries),on the effective potential and observable properties.Notably,we find that the modifications introduced by these parameters lead to distinct changes in the black hole's shadow size and intensity distribution.Comparing our results to the Reissner–Nordström(RN)black hole,we uncover a striking reduction in the apparent shadow size and an enhancement in intensity for the SV solution in VEG.
文摘Agricultural management practices influence soil health.In this study,agricultural lands of cold arid Hanna village,Balochistan,Pakistan,were studied to assess soil properties and the abundance of soil macrofauna species.Five orchards,five tree-based intercropping(TBI)systems,two croplands and a barren unprotected rangeland were sampled.Soil properties,such as texture,concentrations of organic matter(SOM),organic carbon(SOC),mineral nitrogen and bioavailable phosphorus,pH and electrical conductivity were analyzed.The abundance and species of soil surface-dwelling and upper soil layer-dwelling(0-5 cm)macrofauna were also measured.Orchards and croplands were older than TBI systems.than the same agricultural systems(cropland or orchards),which were under intense tillage practice or receiving no fertilizer input.Our results demonstrate that the diversified cropping systems with the reduced(shallow)tillage and the amendment of both synthetic and organic fertilizers,promoted soil quality in this cold-winter desert.This study is a source of evidence for the farmers of this region,which highlights the importance of conservation agriculture and crop diversification under TBI system for improving soil quality.It warrants further investigation to evaluate biological indicators of soil health(soil microbial biomass,microbial diversity,microfauna,mesofauna and macrofauna)being influenced by various management practices in this region.Furthermore,the relationship between soil quality and crop production under various management practices in this region needs to be evaluated.Such an extensive study will further help encourage farmers to adopt the best management practice in their fields.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40871120 National Key Technology Research and De- velopment Program, No.2007BAC06B03
文摘This review summarizes main research findings in soil fauna eco-geography in China in the past 30 years. The subject areas and main results were overviewed including biodiversity and eco-geological distribution of soil fauna communities. Studies of ecological distributions of soil fauna and dynamic ranges in space from tropical, subtropical to temperate regions, and in categories from forest, grassland, desert, wetland, farmland to urban ecosystems, the responses and indications of soil fauna to soil environments. Effects of intensive disturbance such as fire, grazing, farming, fertilization on soil fauna include sensitive （e.g. nematode） and rare groups and community indexes. The functions of soil fauna were discussed including environmental construction, environmental purification, litter decomposition and elements cycling. Interactions between soil fauna and other biota in soil ecosystems and linking between aboveground and belowground diversity and the effects of global change on soil fauna community in China were also included. Finally, the authors pointed out common interests in soil fauna eco-geographical studies, which include application of molecule biology into soil fauna taxa; function and mechanism of soil fauna community diversity; interaction between aboveground and belowground ecosystems; effects of disturbance, pollution, biological invasion, and global change on soil fauna community and function. The review is to provide a scientific basis for promoting soil fauna eco-geographical studies in China.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foun-dation of Zhejiang Province, China (No. R306011)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2005CB121104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40771090).
文摘The 25 road-deposited sediments were collected from five different land-use zones （industrial, residential, commercial, park, and countryside） in Hangzhou, China. The concentrations of metals （Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn） in these samples were determined using ICP-AES after digestion with the mixture of HNO3-HF-HC1 （aqua regia）, and chemically fractionated according to the modified BCR （the European Community Bureau of Reference） sequential extraction procedure. The high metal concentration levels were detected in the sample from industrial zone and commercial zone having heavy traffic. While the low metal levels were noted in the street dust sample from residential zone, park, and countryside zone. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was： Zn （80.28%）, Pb （78.68%）, Cd （77.66%） 〉 Cu （73.34%） 〉 Mn （67.92%） 〉 Co （41.66%） 〉 Ni （30.36%） 〉 Cr （21.56%）, Fe （20.86%）. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of metals. Factor analysis showed that these areas were mainly contaminated by three sources, namely lithology, traffic, and industry.
基金This work was supported by the Startup Grant for ZZ from the Department of Natural Sciences,University of Michigan-Dearborn and“CASL Faculty Summer Research Grant”for ZZ from Office of Research&Sponsored Programs,University of Michigan-Dearborn.
文摘Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the pediatric population.With advances in medical care,the mortality rate of pediatric TBI has declined.However,more children and adolescents are living with TBI-related cognitive and emotional impairments,which negatively affects the quality of their life.Adult hippocampal neurogenesis plays an important role in cognition and mood regulation.Alterations in adult hippocampal neurogenesis are associated with a variety of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases,including TBI.Promoting endogenous hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI merits significant attention.However,TBI affects the function of neural stem/progenitor cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus,which results in aberrant migration and impaired dendrite development of adult-born neurons.Therefore,a better understanding of adult hippocampal neurogenesis after TBI can facilitate a more successful neuro-restoration of damage in immature brains.Secondary injuries,such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress,exert a significant impact on hippocampal neurogenesis.Currently,a variety of therapeutic approaches have been proposed for ameliorating secondary TBI injuries.In this review,we discuss the uniqueness of pediatric TBI,adult hippocampal neurogenesis after pediatric TBI,and current efforts that promote neuroprotection to the developing brains,which can be leveraged to facilitate neuroregeneration.
文摘The purpose of this article review is to update what is known about the role of diet on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD). NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and is considered to be a spectrum, ranging from fatty infiltration of the liver alone(steatosis), which may lead to fatty infiltration with inflammation known as non alcoholic steatohepatitis While the majority of individualswith risk factors like obesity and insulin resistance have steatosis, only few people may develop steatohepatitis. Current treatment relies on weight loss and exercise, although various insulin-sensitizing medications appear promising. Weight loss alone by dietary changes has been shown to lead to histological improvement in fatty liver making nutrition therapy to become a cornerstone of treatment for NAFLD. Supplementation of vitamin E, C and omega 3 fatty acids are under consideration with some conflicting data. Moreover, research has been showed that saturated fat, trans-fatty acid, carbohydrate, and simple sugars(fructose and sucrose) may play significant role in the intrahepatic fat accumulation. However, true associations with specific nutrients yet to be clarified.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China (No.R306011)the National Basic Research Program (973) of China (No.2005CB121104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40771090)
文摘To evaluate the effects of long-term applications of phosphorus fertilizers on mobility of dissolved organic matter （DOM） and heavy metals in agricultural soils, a sandy soil and a loamy soil were spiked with ammonium phosphate at application rates of 0, 25, 50, 100, 250, and 500 mg P per kilogram of soil. A series of 15-cm long soil columns were constructed by packing incubated soils of varying concentrations of P. The soil columns were consecutively leached by simulated rainfalls for six cycles. The contents of water extractable organic carbon in both sandy and loamy soils increased significantly with increasing rates of P applications. Relatively high rates of P applications could induce a marked increase in DOM concentrations in the leachates, the effects were larger with the sandy soil rather than with the loamy soil. Applications of P changed the partitioning of trace metals in the soil solids and the soil solutions. The increased P application rates also seemed to elevate the leaching of Cu, Cd, and Zn from soils. The concentrations of Cu, Cd, and Zn in the leachates were positively correlated with DOM, probably due to the formation of metal-DOM complexes. In contrast, Pb concentrations in the leachates were negatively correlated with DOM, and decreased with increasing rates of P applications. The boosted leaching of DOM induced by high rates of P applications was probably due to the added phosphate ions competing for adsorption sites in the soil solids with the indigenous DOM.
基金supported by a series of awards from New Jersey Sea Grantsupport from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Philadelphia Districtsupported by National Park Service Grants Nos.CA518099049 and PS 180060016
文摘During spawning events, horseshoe crab eggs are released from the female＇s oviducts, and fertilized by one or more males. Eggs are shaped by the female into discrete clutches deposited in nests at depths of 10-20 cm on intertidal estuarine beaches. Distinguishing between fxesh eggs and the early developmental stages is obfuscated by the large amount of dense, opaque yolk. The first unambiguous confirmation of development is the formation of the rudimentary prosomatie appendages at the ＂limb bud＂ stage. Several days thereafter, the outer chorion is shed and the developing embryo expands and undergoes a series of molts within the clear inner egg membrane. The trilobite （first iustar） stage thus attained may remain within the beach sedi- ments for several more weeks, until hatching is facilitated by environmental factors such as hydration, agitation, and osmotic shock that accompany the infiltration of seawater into the nests. Trilobites exhibit endogenous eirgatidal swimming rhythms that are entrained by mechanical agitation, suggesting that peaks in larval swimming are timed to coincide with periods of high water and the inundation of the nests. Larval swimming is limited and does not appear to result in long-distance dispersal. The limited dispersal of the larvae has important implications for the population dynamics of relatively isolated populations. The rate of larval development is highly plastic and is influenced by temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of pollutants. The broad environmental tolerances of horseshoe crab embryos and larvae are important in understanding their current geographic distribution and their evolutionary persistence
基金Project partly supported by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency through a contract with the Nonpoint Source Management/Water Quality Standard Section of the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (No. WM746).
文摘Extractability and mobility of Cu and Zn and their relationships with 1) accumulation of Cu and Zn and 2) soil pH were studied in three sandy soils (Wabasso, Ankona, and Winder) from commercial citrus groves in Florida, USA. The soils, with a broad range of Cu and Zn concentrations, were fractionated by a modified procedure of Amacher, while Cu and Zn mobility were evaluated using column leaching. The extractability of Cu and Zn increased with decreasing soil pH. Also with increasing total soil Cu and Zn for extractable Cu in the Wabasso sand a threshold level, where the metal extraction rate increased, was noted at 100 mg kg-1, whereas for extractable Zn in the Wabasso sand the threshold level was found at 60 mg kg-1 and in the Ankona sand at 120 mg kg-1. These results suggested that the release potential of Cu and Zn was greater in the Wabasso sand than in the Ankona sand. The column leaching experiment showed that at total soil Cu or Zn concentrations < 100 mg kg-1 all leachates had low Cu and Zn concentrations. However at total concentrations > 200 mg kg-1 for Cu and > 150 mg kg-1 for Zn with decreasing soil pH, the concentrations of both Cu and Zn in the leachates increased exponentially. Also in these sandy soils soluble Cu and Zn mainly originated from the exchangeable fractions, and pH was a key factor controlling Cu and Zn extractability and mobility.
文摘A new specimen discovered from the Falang Formation in northeastern Yunnan represents the most complete skeleton of Triassic pistosauroids. The new specimen is referred to Yunguisaurus Cheng et al., 2006 on the basis of the skull features, such as the presence of a separated nasal entering the external naris, a large pineal foramen located at the frontal/parietal suture and an interpterygoid vacuity with a narrow anterior extension. The new specimen differs from the type species of Yunguisaurus liae Cheng et al., 2006 in some aspects. Most of these differences can be attributed to ontogenetic variations. The new specimen is provisionally considered as Yunguisaurus cf. liae although its relatively short snout of the skull and slenderer hyoid may not be explained ontogenetically. Whether or not the new specimen represents a different taxon has to wait for a detailed study of the whole skeleton.
基金This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public,commercial or not-for-profit sectors
文摘Depression is not only a major global public health concern,but also a common comorbidity among patients who experience chronic diseases,such as cancer,stroke,heart disease,diabetes,and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Yet the recognition and treatment varies widely around the world.This study(1)provides an integrated review of the literature on the prevalence of depression among patients with chronic diseases in China and the United States and its relationship to poorer health outcomes and(2)compares the differences in the percentages of patients receiving treatments for depression between the United States and China.Given the current situation,we recommended that primary care and specialty providers should be knowledgeable and alert regarding the signs of depression.Efforts should be directed to further implement integrated care based interventions to manage depression and improve quality of life among patients suffering chronic diseases in both China and the United States.
