Pipelines are extensively used in environments such as nuclear power plants,chemical factories,and medical devices to transport gases and liquids.These tubular environments often feature complex geometries,confined sp...Pipelines are extensively used in environments such as nuclear power plants,chemical factories,and medical devices to transport gases and liquids.These tubular environments often feature complex geometries,confined spaces,and millimeter-scale height restrictions,presenting significant challenges to conventional inspection methods.Here,we present an ultrasonic microrobot(weight,80 mg;dimensions,24 mm×7 mm;thickness,210μm)to realize agile and bidirectional navigation in narrow pipelines.The ultrathin structural design of the robot is achieved through a high-performance piezoelectric composite film microstructure based on MEMS technology.The robot exhibits various vibration modes when driven by ultrasonic frequency signals,its motion speed reaches81 cm s-1 at 54.8 k Hz,exceeding that of the fastest piezoelectric microrobots,and its forward and backward motion direction is controllable through frequency modulation,while the minimum driving voltage for initial movement can be as low as 3 VP-P.Additionally,the robot can effortlessly climb slopes up to 24.25°and carry loads more than 36 times its weight.The robot is capable of agile navigation through curved L-shaped pipes,pipes made of various materials(acrylic,stainless steel,and polyvinyl chloride),and even over water.To further demonstrate its inspection capabilities,a micro-endoscope camera is integrated into the robot,enabling real-time image capture inside glass pipes.展开更多
This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of three-dimensional(3 D) hexagonally ordered microbowl arrays(MBAs) decorated with Cu In S2 nanosheets for enhanced photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance. The 3 D MB...This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of three-dimensional(3 D) hexagonally ordered microbowl arrays(MBAs) decorated with Cu In S2 nanosheets for enhanced photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance. The 3 D MBAs are fabricated by a micro-fabrication technique. The ultrathin CuInS2 nanosheets are grown on the 3 D electrodes by solvothermal transformation of Cu film. The photocurrent density of 3 D photocathode(CuInS2@MBAs) is about two times higher than that of the planar counterpart(CuInS2@Planar). The improved PEC performance can be ascribed to the elevated light trapping ability and the increased surface area for loading photocatalysts. In addition, CdS quantum dots as cocatalysts are modified onto the Cu In S2 nanosheets to further enhance the PEC activity because the formed p-n heterojunction can accelerate the separation of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the 3 D photocathode of CuInS2/CdS@MBAs shows an optimal incident photon to current efficiency of 10% at the wavelength of400 nm. It is believed that this work can be generalized to design other hierarchical 3 D photoelectrodes for improved solar water splitting.展开更多
The vascular network is integral to the developmental and metabolic processes of various tissues and functions as a systemic circulatory system that also interconnects organs throughout the body.In this study,we descr...The vascular network is integral to the developmental and metabolic processes of various tissues and functions as a systemic circulatory system that also interconnects organs throughout the body.In this study,we describe a multilayered microfluidic organ-on-a-chip platform designed for reproducing various three-dimensional(3D)vascularized microtissue models for biological applications.This platform utilizes a porous membrane as a physical barrier and leverages capillary action for hydrogel self-filling.Its high flow resistance mitigates the risk of gel bursting into the medium channels and facilitates the delivery of substances to generate a wide range of interstitial flow and biochemical factor concentration gradients.This study demonstrated that this platform can be used to accurately replicate 3D microenvironments for vasculogenesis,angiogenesis,and vascularized tumor modeling.We also investigated the critical role of multiple microenvironmental regulations in vascular formation on a chip.Moreover,we reproduced the process of tumor angiogenesis,including primary solid tumor features and the inhibitory effects of antitumor drugs on tumor growth and tumor vasculature before and after angiogenesis.Hence,our multilayered microfluidic platform is valuable for exploring multiple vascular mechanisms and constructing specific microtissues that closely mimic in vivo physiological conditions,providing new strategies for cancer research.Furthermore,the multilayered configuration improves design flexibility and scalability,providing the potential for a multi-organ interconnected platform for high-throughput drug screening.展开更多
Real-time rapid detection of toxic gases at room temperature is particularly important for public health and environmental monitoring.Gas sensors based on conventional bulk materials often suffer from their poor surfa...Real-time rapid detection of toxic gases at room temperature is particularly important for public health and environmental monitoring.Gas sensors based on conventional bulk materials often suffer from their poor surface-sensitive sites,leading to a very low gas adsorption ability.Moreover,the charge transportation efficiency is usually inhibited by the low defect density of surface-sensitive area than that in the interior.In this work,a gas sensing structure model based on CuS quantum dots/Bi_(2)S_(3) nanosheets(CuS QDs/Bi_(2)S_(3) NSs)inspired by artificial neuron network is constructed.Simulation analysis by density functional calculation revealed that CuS QDs and Bi_(2)S_(3) NSs can be used as the main adsorption sites and charge transport pathways,respectively.Thus,the high-sensitivity sensing of NO_(2) can be realized by designing the artificial neuron-like sensor.The experimental results showed that the CuS QDs with a size of about 8 nm are highly adsorbable,which can enhance the NO_(2) sensitivity due to the rich sensitive sites and quantum size effect.The Bi_(2)S_(3) NSs can be used as a charge transfer network channel to achieve efficient charge collection and transmission.The neuron-like sensor that simulates biological smell shows a significantly enhanced response value(3.4),excellent responsiveness(18 s)and recovery rate(338 s),low theoretical detection limit of 78 ppb,and excellent selectivity for NO_(2).Furthermore,the developed wearable device can also realize the visual detection of NO2 through real-time signal changes.展开更多
Photoanodes based on In_2S_3/ZnO heterojunction nanosheet arrays(NSAs) have been fabricated by atomic layer deposition of ZnO over In_2S_3 NSAs, which were in situ grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide glasses via a facil...Photoanodes based on In_2S_3/ZnO heterojunction nanosheet arrays(NSAs) have been fabricated by atomic layer deposition of ZnO over In_2S_3 NSAs, which were in situ grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide glasses via a facile solvothermal process. The as-prepared photoanodes show dramatically enhanced performance for photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting, compared to single semiconductor counterparts. The optical and PEC properties of In_2S_3/ZnO NSAs have been optimized by modulating the thickness of the Zn O overlayer. After pairing with ZnO, the NSAs exhibit a broadened absorption range and an increased light absorptance over a wide wavelength region of 250–850 nm. The optimized sample of In_2S_3/ZnO-50 NSAs shows a photocurrent density of 1.642 m A cm^(-2)(1.5 V vs. RHE) and an incident photonto-current efficiency of 27.64% at 380 nm(1.23 V vs.RHE), which are 70 and 116 times higher than those of the pristine In_2S_3 NSAs, respectively. A detailed energy band edge analysis reveals the type-II band alignment of the In_2S_3/ZnO heterojunction, which enables efficient separation and collection of photogenerated carriers,especially with the assistance of positive bias potential, and then results in the significantly increased PEC activity.展开更多
In this study, hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)was applied for surface functionalization of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) in the presence of glucose and urea. The HTC process allowed the deposition of thin nitrogen-doped carb...In this study, hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)was applied for surface functionalization of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) in the presence of glucose and urea. The HTC process allowed the deposition of thin nitrogen-doped carbon layers on the surface of the CNTs. By controlling the ratio of glucose to urea, nitrogen contents of up to 1.7 wt%were achieved. The nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube-supported Pd catalysts exhibited superior electrochemical activity for ethanol oxidation relative to the pristine CNTs.Importantly, a 1.5-fold increase in the specific activity was observed for the Pd/HTC-N1.67%CNTs relative to the catalyst without nitrogen doping(Pd/HTC-CNTs). Furtherexperiments indicated that the introduction of nitrogen species on the surface of the CNTs improved the Pd(0)loading and increased the binding energy.展开更多
The high-quality gate dielectric on silicon carbide(SiC)surface is critical to fabricate high-performance SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors(MOSFETs).This research employs microwave plasma annealin...The high-quality gate dielectric on silicon carbide(SiC)surface is critical to fabricate high-performance SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors(MOSFETs).This research employs microwave plasma annealing(MPA)to obtain high-quality Al_(2)O_(3)/SiC gate stacks.By designing MPA atmosphere and optimizing the plasma power,the SiC MOS capacitor with a Al_(2)O_(3)dielectric film shows the enhanced performance.The interface state density is reduced by 1 order of magnitude to 6×10^(11)cm^(-2)·eV^(-1),the breakdown electric field is increased,and the voltage shift is effectively suppressed Besides,the mechanism of MPA process is discussed in terms of the thermal effect and reactant species.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results unveil oxygen plasma plays the main role.Optimal plasma power during the MPA process results in defect repairs of the firstneighbor Al-O bonding and partial removal of Al-O-H bond from the interface region.This study demonstrates that MPA process is an effective option to realize highquality dielectric and interface on SiC.展开更多
A new hybrid method, which combines improved glass-blown technology with wet etching, is reported to fabricate micro wine-glass resonators with high-quality fused silica. The optimum placement is compared to achieve t...A new hybrid method, which combines improved glass-blown technology with wet etching, is reported to fabricate micro wine-glass resonators with high-quality fused silica. The optimum placement is compared to achieve the resonators with good shell shape. The typical shell diameter is about 4 mm and its thickness covers from dozens to hundreds of micrometers. The etching rates in corrosion solutions with different ratios and at different thicknesses of hemispherical shells are studied. We also conclude how to precisely control the thickness.The corrosion solutions with different ratios of HF solution to NH4 F solution make the spherical shells rougher in different degrees. The best roughness is 0.581 nm in the 1 : 8 ratio corrosion solution while the original roughness is 0.537 nm. This fact shows that the resonator remains atomically smooth surface. Based on the glassblowing spherical fused silica structure, the thickness of the resonator is effectively controlled by buffered oxide etch(BOE)technology according to the measured etching rate. The measured resonant frequency of the hemispherical shell at ambient pressure and room temperature is 1.75 k Hz of rocking mode which is close to the simulated frequency.Using such a low-cost hybrid approach, we can fabricate high-quality microscale resonators in batch.展开更多
Biosynthesis of gold nanostructures has drawn increasing concerns because of its green and sustainable synthetic process. However, biosynthesis of gold nanoplates is still a challenge because of the expensive source a...Biosynthesis of gold nanostructures has drawn increasing concerns because of its green and sustainable synthetic process. However, biosynthesis of gold nanoplates is still a challenge because of the expensive source and difficulties of controllable formation of morphology and size. Herein, one-pot biosynthesis of gold nanoplates is proposed, in which cheap yeast was extracted as a green precursor. The morphologies and sizes of the gold nanostructures can be controlled via varying the pH value of the biomedium. In acid condition, gold nanoplates with side length from 1300 ± 200 to 300 ± 100 nm and height from 18 to 15 nm were obtained by increasing the pH value. Whereas, in neutral or basic condition, only gold nanoflowers and nanoparticles were obtained. It was determined that organic molecules, such as succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and glutathione, which are generated in metabolism process, played important role in the reduction of gold ions. Besides, it was found that the gold nanoplates exhibited plasmonic property with prominent dipole infrared resonance in near-infrared region, indicating their potential in surface plasmon-enhanced applications, such as bioimaging and photothermal therapy.展开更多
Maximizing quality factor (Q) is essential to improve the performance of micro hemispherical shell resonators (μHSRs) which can be used in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes to measure angular rotation.S...Maximizing quality factor (Q) is essential to improve the performance of micro hemispherical shell resonators (μHSRs) which can be used in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes to measure angular rotation.Several energy dissipation mechanisms limit Q,where thermoelastic dissipation (TED) is the major one and studied in this paper.Fully coupled thermo-mechanical equations for calculating TED are formulated,and then temperature distribution in a deformed μHSR and its quality factor related to TED (QTED) are obtained by solving the equations through a finite-element method (FEM).It has been found that different fabrication process conditions can obtain various geometrical parameters in our previous studies.In order to provide guidelines for the design and fabrication of μHSRs,the effects of their geometry on resonant frequency (f0) and QTED are studied.The change of anchor height and small enough anchor radius have no effect on both f0 and QTED,but the shell size including its radius,thickness and height has significant impact on f0 and QTED.It is found that whether a μHSR has lower f0 and higher QTED or higher f0 and higher QTED can be achieved by changing these geometrical parameters.The results presented in this paper can also be applied to other similar resonators.展开更多
Passively stabilized double-wing Flapping Micro Air Vehicles(FMAVs)do not require active control and exhibit good electromagnetic interference resistance,with significant research value.In this paper,the dynamic model...Passively stabilized double-wing Flapping Micro Air Vehicles(FMAVs)do not require active control and exhibit good electromagnetic interference resistance,with significant research value.In this paper,the dynamic model of FMAV was established as the foundation for identifying flapping damping coefficients.Through a pendulum experiment,we ascertain the flapping damping of the damper using the energy conservation method.Besides,fitting relationships between the damper area,damper mass,and the moment of inertia are developed.The factors influencing the bottom damper damping are deter-mined using correlation coefficients and hypothesis testing methods.Additionally,stable dampers are installed on both the top and bottom of the FMAV to achieve passive stability in simulations.The minimum damper areas for the FMAV were optimized using genetic algorithms,resulting in a minimum top damper area of 128 cm^(2) and a minimum bottom damper area of 80 cm^(2).A prototype with a mass of 25.5 g and a wingspan of 22 cm has been constructed.Prototype testing demonstrated that FMAV can take off stably with a 3 g payload and a tilt angle of 5°.During testing,the area-to-mass ratio of the FMAV reached 7.29 cm^(2)/g,achieving passive stability with the world's smallest area-to-mass ratio.展开更多
Biochemical reaction in microfluidic chip is sensitive to temperature.Temperature precise control in a small size device requires the temperature measurement with high measurement precision.Traditional temperature mea...Biochemical reaction in microfluidic chip is sensitive to temperature.Temperature precise control in a small size device requires the temperature measurement with high measurement precision.Traditional temperature measurement method usually measures the voltage drop of the thermistor,which is excited by a constant current source.This method requires the constant current source with high precision and stability.The output of the constant current source is influenced by environmental factors,resulting in a larger measurement error.To solve this problem,a proportion method,a two-layer filtering algorithm,and a power management technique were applied to improve the temperature measurement precision.The proportion method can reduce the low frequency fluctuation error.The two-layer filtering algorithm can reduce the high frequency fluctuation error furtherly.The power management technique used can improve the system stability.Through testing the temperature measurement system built,the experimental results show that the fluctuation error can be significantly decreased from 0.5◦C to 0.2◦C.展开更多
Microstructure and texture of electrodeposited Cu micro-cylinders in the blind hole play a vitally im- portant role in the electrical and mechanical properties of the three-dimensional （3-D） IC （integrated circuit...Microstructure and texture of electrodeposited Cu micro-cylinders in the blind hole play a vitally im- portant role in the electrical and mechanical properties of the three-dimensional （3-D） IC （integrated circuit）/Si integrations. In this paper, a new commercial additive system, which is specifically devel- oped for the high-aspect-ratio through-silicon-via （TSV） filling, was used to electrodeposit Cu in the blind holes. The microstructure of electrodeposited Cu micro-cylinder in the blind hole with a diameter of 40 μm and a depth of 140 μm was investigated by electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD） technique. Grain size distribution of the Cu micro-cylinder in the blind hole differed from the bottom to the top. The grain boundaries contained a high fraction of Z3 CSL （coincident site lattice） boundaries. It has been reported that the Cu overburden film on the surface of the blind hole influenced the crystallographic orientation of Cu grains inside the damascene trench. So the effects of the current density and additive concentra- tion on the crystal structure of the overburden Cu film were also studied in this study. The experimental results indicated that the preferred orientation of the Cu overburden film changed from {111} to {220} when the current density increased from 2 to 80 mA cm-2. However, the effect of additives on the crystal structure of the Cu overburden film was dependent on the crystal structure of the seed layer.展开更多
Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers have shown great potential in biomedical applications due to their high acoustic-to-electric conversion efficiency and large power capacity.The focusing technique enables the trans...Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers have shown great potential in biomedical applications due to their high acoustic-to-electric conversion efficiency and large power capacity.The focusing technique enables the transducer to produce an extremely narrow beam,greatly improving the resolution and sensitivity.In this work,we summarize the fundamental properties and biological effects of the ultrasound field,aiming to establish a correlation between device design and application.Focusing techniques for piezoelectric transducers are highlighted,including material selection and fabrication methods,which determine the final performance of piezoelectric transducers.Numerous examples,from ultrasound imaging,neuromodulation,tumor ablation to ultrasonic wireless energy transfer,are summarized to highlight the great promise of biomedical applications.Finally,the challenges and opportunities of focused ultrasound transducers are presented.The aim of this review is to bridge the gap between focused ultrasound systems and biomedical applications.展开更多
Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BC...Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.展开更多
A novel characterization method for full-matrix constants of PzT-8 piezoceramics based on local electrodes excitation using one sample is proposed to avoid resonant peaks missing and overlapping in the inversion proce...A novel characterization method for full-matrix constants of PzT-8 piezoceramics based on local electrodes excitation using one sample is proposed to avoid resonant peaks missing and overlapping in the inversion process of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technology.Elastic matrix,which is sensitive to the resonance spectrum,is obtained by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.Piezoelectric and dielectric matrices,which are sensitive to the capacitance of driving electrodes,are determined by capacitance inversion.The initial values of elastic constants are deviated by 30%to validate the reliability of this method.The relative errors between measured and inversed values of resonant frequencies are less than 1%and the relative errors of the capacitance are mostly less than 5%.The work has extensive applications in piezoelectric materials characterization.展开更多
Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this tec...Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios.However,the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact.In this paper,four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed:higher spatial density,improved biocompatibility,enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals,and more effective neural modulation.Finally,we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.展开更多
Cellular spheroids,closely resembling native tissue microenvironments,have emerged as pivotal constructs in biomedicine as they can facilitate complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.However,current methods for...Cellular spheroids,closely resembling native tissue microenvironments,have emerged as pivotal constructs in biomedicine as they can facilitate complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.However,current methods for constructing spheroid assembloids with spatial arrangement or heterogeneous structures are limited,which has become a barrier for studying tissue engineering and in vitro disease modeling.Here,we demonstrate an acoustofluidic pick-and-place operation system capable of spatially assembling of spheroids into desired patterns in both two dimensional(2D)and three dimensional(3D)spaces.The underlying physical mechanism of the device is systematically studied to explain the interrelationship between trapping cell spheroids,acoustic streaming,and the acoustic radiation force(ARF)induced by the acoustically activated microneedle.We exploit these mechanisms to successfully transfer cellular spheroids into hydrogel solutions,enabling them to be precisely patterned and fused into assembloids of predefined shapes.Besides,we demonstrate arranging MC3T3-E1 cellular spheroids into a ring shape to fabricate the osteogenic tissues.Besides,a co-culture model involving tumor cells(MCF-7)and normal human dermal fibroblasts(NHDFs)is constructed to validate our method’s ability to reconstruct heterogeneous tumor model,revealing that the fibroblast spheroids promote tumor spheroid invasion.Our method holds significant potential prospects in regenerative medicine,disease model construction and drug screening.展开更多
Graphene-based gas/vapor sensors have attracted much attention in recent years due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances, room-temperature working conditions, and tremendous application prospects...Graphene-based gas/vapor sensors have attracted much attention in recent years due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances, room-temperature working conditions, and tremendous application prospects, etc.Herein, we summarize recent advantages in graphene preparation, sensor construction, and sensing properties of various graphene-based gas/vapor sensors, such as NH_3, NO_2, H_2, CO, SO_2, H_2S, as well as vapor of volatile organic compounds.The detection mechanisms pertaining to various gases are also discussed. In conclusion part, some existing problems which may hinder the sensor applications are presented. Several possible methods to solve these problems are proposed, for example, conceived solutions, hybrid nanostructures, multiple sensor arrays, and new recognition algorithm.展开更多
Human metabolite moisture detection is important in health monitoring and non-invasive diagnosis.However,ultra-sensitive quantitative extraction of respiration information in real-time remains a great challenge.Herein...Human metabolite moisture detection is important in health monitoring and non-invasive diagnosis.However,ultra-sensitive quantitative extraction of respiration information in real-time remains a great challenge.Herein,chemiresistors based on imine-linked covalent organic framework(COF)films with dual-active sites are fabricated to address this issue,which demonstrates an amplified humidity-sensing signal performance.By regulation of monomers and functional groups,these COF films can be pre-engineered to achieve high response,wide detection range,fast response,and recovery time.Under the condition of relative humidity ranging from 13 to 98%,the COFTAPB-DHTA film-based humidity sensor exhibits outstanding humidity sensing perfor-mance with an expanded response value of 390 times.Furthermore,the response values of the COF film-based sensor are highly linear to the relative humidity in the range below 60%,reflecting a quantitative sensing mechanism at the molecular level.Based on the dual-site adsorption of the(-C=N-)and(C-N)stretching vibrations,the revers-ible tautomerism induced by hydrogen bonding with water molecules is demonstrated to be the main intrinsic mechanism for this effective humidity detection.In addition,the synthesized COF films can be further exploited to effectively detect human nasal and oral breathing as well as fabric permeability,which will inspire novel designs for effective humidity-detection devices.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFB3212901)National Natural Science Foundation of China(12072189)the Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Research Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2025ZD05)。
文摘Pipelines are extensively used in environments such as nuclear power plants,chemical factories,and medical devices to transport gases and liquids.These tubular environments often feature complex geometries,confined spaces,and millimeter-scale height restrictions,presenting significant challenges to conventional inspection methods.Here,we present an ultrasonic microrobot(weight,80 mg;dimensions,24 mm×7 mm;thickness,210μm)to realize agile and bidirectional navigation in narrow pipelines.The ultrathin structural design of the robot is achieved through a high-performance piezoelectric composite film microstructure based on MEMS technology.The robot exhibits various vibration modes when driven by ultrasonic frequency signals,its motion speed reaches81 cm s-1 at 54.8 k Hz,exceeding that of the fastest piezoelectric microrobots,and its forward and backward motion direction is controllable through frequency modulation,while the minimum driving voltage for initial movement can be as low as 3 VP-P.Additionally,the robot can effortlessly climb slopes up to 24.25°and carry loads more than 36 times its weight.The robot is capable of agile navigation through curved L-shaped pipes,pipes made of various materials(acrylic,stainless steel,and polyvinyl chloride),and even over water.To further demonstrate its inspection capabilities,a micro-endoscope camera is integrated into the robot,enabling real-time image capture inside glass pipes.
基金sponsored by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFA0200800)National Natural Science Foundation of China (61804156)Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1427800)。
文摘This paper demonstrates the design and fabrication of three-dimensional(3 D) hexagonally ordered microbowl arrays(MBAs) decorated with Cu In S2 nanosheets for enhanced photoelectrochemical(PEC) performance. The 3 D MBAs are fabricated by a micro-fabrication technique. The ultrathin CuInS2 nanosheets are grown on the 3 D electrodes by solvothermal transformation of Cu film. The photocurrent density of 3 D photocathode(CuInS2@MBAs) is about two times higher than that of the planar counterpart(CuInS2@Planar). The improved PEC performance can be ascribed to the elevated light trapping ability and the increased surface area for loading photocatalysts. In addition, CdS quantum dots as cocatalysts are modified onto the Cu In S2 nanosheets to further enhance the PEC activity because the formed p-n heterojunction can accelerate the separation of photogenerated carriers. As a result, the 3 D photocathode of CuInS2/CdS@MBAs shows an optimal incident photon to current efficiency of 10% at the wavelength of400 nm. It is believed that this work can be generalized to design other hierarchical 3 D photoelectrodes for improved solar water splitting.
基金supported by grants from the Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.YG2023LC04)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32471473,62231025,and 82171011)+1 种基金the Research Program of Shanghai Science and Technology Committee(Nos.24141900900 and 25JC3201100)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0767)
文摘The vascular network is integral to the developmental and metabolic processes of various tissues and functions as a systemic circulatory system that also interconnects organs throughout the body.In this study,we describe a multilayered microfluidic organ-on-a-chip platform designed for reproducing various three-dimensional(3D)vascularized microtissue models for biological applications.This platform utilizes a porous membrane as a physical barrier and leverages capillary action for hydrogel self-filling.Its high flow resistance mitigates the risk of gel bursting into the medium channels and facilitates the delivery of substances to generate a wide range of interstitial flow and biochemical factor concentration gradients.This study demonstrated that this platform can be used to accurately replicate 3D microenvironments for vasculogenesis,angiogenesis,and vascularized tumor modeling.We also investigated the critical role of multiple microenvironmental regulations in vascular formation on a chip.Moreover,we reproduced the process of tumor angiogenesis,including primary solid tumor features and the inhibitory effects of antitumor drugs on tumor growth and tumor vasculature before and after angiogenesis.Hence,our multilayered microfluidic platform is valuable for exploring multiple vascular mechanisms and constructing specific microtissues that closely mimic in vivo physiological conditions,providing new strategies for cancer research.Furthermore,the multilayered configuration improves design flexibility and scalability,providing the potential for a multi-organ interconnected platform for high-throughput drug screening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61971284)the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SL2020ZD203 and SL2020MS031)+2 种基金Scientific Research Fund of Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources of P.R.China(SL2003)Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1421400)Startup Fund for Youngman Research at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘Real-time rapid detection of toxic gases at room temperature is particularly important for public health and environmental monitoring.Gas sensors based on conventional bulk materials often suffer from their poor surface-sensitive sites,leading to a very low gas adsorption ability.Moreover,the charge transportation efficiency is usually inhibited by the low defect density of surface-sensitive area than that in the interior.In this work,a gas sensing structure model based on CuS quantum dots/Bi_(2)S_(3) nanosheets(CuS QDs/Bi_(2)S_(3) NSs)inspired by artificial neuron network is constructed.Simulation analysis by density functional calculation revealed that CuS QDs and Bi_(2)S_(3) NSs can be used as the main adsorption sites and charge transport pathways,respectively.Thus,the high-sensitivity sensing of NO_(2) can be realized by designing the artificial neuron-like sensor.The experimental results showed that the CuS QDs with a size of about 8 nm are highly adsorbable,which can enhance the NO_(2) sensitivity due to the rich sensitive sites and quantum size effect.The Bi_(2)S_(3) NSs can be used as a charge transfer network channel to achieve efficient charge collection and transmission.The neuron-like sensor that simulates biological smell shows a significantly enhanced response value(3.4),excellent responsiveness(18 s)and recovery rate(338 s),low theoretical detection limit of 78 ppb,and excellent selectivity for NO_(2).Furthermore,the developed wearable device can also realize the visual detection of NO2 through real-time signal changes.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51402190, 61574091)Shanghai Sailing Program (18YF1427800)the special funds for theoretical physics of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11747029)
文摘Photoanodes based on In_2S_3/ZnO heterojunction nanosheet arrays(NSAs) have been fabricated by atomic layer deposition of ZnO over In_2S_3 NSAs, which were in situ grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide glasses via a facile solvothermal process. The as-prepared photoanodes show dramatically enhanced performance for photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting, compared to single semiconductor counterparts. The optical and PEC properties of In_2S_3/ZnO NSAs have been optimized by modulating the thickness of the Zn O overlayer. After pairing with ZnO, the NSAs exhibit a broadened absorption range and an increased light absorptance over a wide wavelength region of 250–850 nm. The optimized sample of In_2S_3/ZnO-50 NSAs shows a photocurrent density of 1.642 m A cm^(-2)(1.5 V vs. RHE) and an incident photonto-current efficiency of 27.64% at 380 nm(1.23 V vs.RHE), which are 70 and 116 times higher than those of the pristine In_2S_3 NSAs, respectively. A detailed energy band edge analysis reveals the type-II band alignment of the In_2S_3/ZnO heterojunction, which enables efficient separation and collection of photogenerated carriers,especially with the assistance of positive bias potential, and then results in the significantly increased PEC activity.
基金financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51672045 and 11374053)Key Program of Universityindustry Collaboration from Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province(No.2015H6009)
文摘In this study, hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)was applied for surface functionalization of carbon nanotubes(CNTs) in the presence of glucose and urea. The HTC process allowed the deposition of thin nitrogen-doped carbon layers on the surface of the CNTs. By controlling the ratio of glucose to urea, nitrogen contents of up to 1.7 wt%were achieved. The nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube-supported Pd catalysts exhibited superior electrochemical activity for ethanol oxidation relative to the pristine CNTs.Importantly, a 1.5-fold increase in the specific activity was observed for the Pd/HTC-N1.67%CNTs relative to the catalyst without nitrogen doping(Pd/HTC-CNTs). Furtherexperiments indicated that the introduction of nitrogen species on the surface of the CNTs improved the Pd(0)loading and increased the binding energy.
基金financially supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(No.4234091)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62304245,61974159,62174176,62174122 and U2241244)+1 种基金the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.YJKYYQ20200039)the Out-standing Member Project of the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(No.Y2021046)。
文摘The high-quality gate dielectric on silicon carbide(SiC)surface is critical to fabricate high-performance SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors(MOSFETs).This research employs microwave plasma annealing(MPA)to obtain high-quality Al_(2)O_(3)/SiC gate stacks.By designing MPA atmosphere and optimizing the plasma power,the SiC MOS capacitor with a Al_(2)O_(3)dielectric film shows the enhanced performance.The interface state density is reduced by 1 order of magnitude to 6×10^(11)cm^(-2)·eV^(-1),the breakdown electric field is increased,and the voltage shift is effectively suppressed Besides,the mechanism of MPA process is discussed in terms of the thermal effect and reactant species.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)results unveil oxygen plasma plays the main role.Optimal plasma power during the MPA process results in defect repairs of the firstneighbor Al-O bonding and partial removal of Al-O-H bond from the interface region.This study demonstrates that MPA process is an effective option to realize highquality dielectric and interface on SiC.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61574093)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(No.NCET-10-0583)+2 种基金the Science Fund Program(No.2013ZC57003)the Pre-research Fund(No.9140A14010511JW0304)the Fund of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Nano/Micro Fabrication,Shanghai Jiao Tong University(No.9140C790405110C7904)
文摘A new hybrid method, which combines improved glass-blown technology with wet etching, is reported to fabricate micro wine-glass resonators with high-quality fused silica. The optimum placement is compared to achieve the resonators with good shell shape. The typical shell diameter is about 4 mm and its thickness covers from dozens to hundreds of micrometers. The etching rates in corrosion solutions with different ratios and at different thicknesses of hemispherical shells are studied. We also conclude how to precisely control the thickness.The corrosion solutions with different ratios of HF solution to NH4 F solution make the spherical shells rougher in different degrees. The best roughness is 0.581 nm in the 1 : 8 ratio corrosion solution while the original roughness is 0.537 nm. This fact shows that the resonator remains atomically smooth surface. Based on the glassblowing spherical fused silica structure, the thickness of the resonator is effectively controlled by buffered oxide etch(BOE)technology according to the measured etching rate. The measured resonant frequency of the hemispherical shell at ambient pressure and room temperature is 1.75 k Hz of rocking mode which is close to the simulated frequency.Using such a low-cost hybrid approach, we can fabricate high-quality microscale resonators in batch.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0102700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21171117,21271181,21473240,and 81270209)+1 种基金Medical-Engineering Crossover Fund of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(YG2015MS51 and YG2014MS66)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning
文摘Biosynthesis of gold nanostructures has drawn increasing concerns because of its green and sustainable synthetic process. However, biosynthesis of gold nanoplates is still a challenge because of the expensive source and difficulties of controllable formation of morphology and size. Herein, one-pot biosynthesis of gold nanoplates is proposed, in which cheap yeast was extracted as a green precursor. The morphologies and sizes of the gold nanostructures can be controlled via varying the pH value of the biomedium. In acid condition, gold nanoplates with side length from 1300 ± 200 to 300 ± 100 nm and height from 18 to 15 nm were obtained by increasing the pH value. Whereas, in neutral or basic condition, only gold nanoflowers and nanoparticles were obtained. It was determined that organic molecules, such as succinic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, and glutathione, which are generated in metabolism process, played important role in the reduction of gold ions. Besides, it was found that the gold nanoplates exhibited plasmonic property with prominent dipole infrared resonance in near-infrared region, indicating their potential in surface plasmon-enhanced applications, such as bioimaging and photothermal therapy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61574093)the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Nano/Micro Fabrication(No.614280504010317)+1 种基金the Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Fund(No.16GFZJJ01-309),the Space Advanced Technology Joint Research Innovation Fund(No.USCAST2016-5)the Professional Technical Service Platform of Shanghai(No.19DZ2291103)。
文摘Maximizing quality factor (Q) is essential to improve the performance of micro hemispherical shell resonators (μHSRs) which can be used in microelectromechanical system (MEMS) gyroscopes to measure angular rotation.Several energy dissipation mechanisms limit Q,where thermoelastic dissipation (TED) is the major one and studied in this paper.Fully coupled thermo-mechanical equations for calculating TED are formulated,and then temperature distribution in a deformed μHSR and its quality factor related to TED (QTED) are obtained by solving the equations through a finite-element method (FEM).It has been found that different fabrication process conditions can obtain various geometrical parameters in our previous studies.In order to provide guidelines for the design and fabrication of μHSRs,the effects of their geometry on resonant frequency (f0) and QTED are studied.The change of anchor height and small enough anchor radius have no effect on both f0 and QTED,but the shell size including its radius,thickness and height has significant impact on f0 and QTED.It is found that whether a μHSR has lower f0 and higher QTED or higher f0 and higher QTED can be achieved by changing these geometrical parameters.The results presented in this paper can also be applied to other similar resonators.
基金support by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61871266the Professional technical service platform of Shanghai under Grant 19DZ2291103.
文摘Passively stabilized double-wing Flapping Micro Air Vehicles(FMAVs)do not require active control and exhibit good electromagnetic interference resistance,with significant research value.In this paper,the dynamic model of FMAV was established as the foundation for identifying flapping damping coefficients.Through a pendulum experiment,we ascertain the flapping damping of the damper using the energy conservation method.Besides,fitting relationships between the damper area,damper mass,and the moment of inertia are developed.The factors influencing the bottom damper damping are deter-mined using correlation coefficients and hypothesis testing methods.Additionally,stable dampers are installed on both the top and bottom of the FMAV to achieve passive stability in simulations.The minimum damper areas for the FMAV were optimized using genetic algorithms,resulting in a minimum top damper area of 128 cm^(2) and a minimum bottom damper area of 80 cm^(2).A prototype with a mass of 25.5 g and a wingspan of 22 cm has been constructed.Prototype testing demonstrated that FMAV can take off stably with a 3 g payload and a tilt angle of 5°.During testing,the area-to-mass ratio of the FMAV reached 7.29 cm^(2)/g,achieving passive stability with the world's smallest area-to-mass ratio.
基金the Professional Technical Service Platform of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.19DZ2291103)。
文摘Biochemical reaction in microfluidic chip is sensitive to temperature.Temperature precise control in a small size device requires the temperature measurement with high measurement precision.Traditional temperature measurement method usually measures the voltage drop of the thermistor,which is excited by a constant current source.This method requires the constant current source with high precision and stability.The output of the constant current source is influenced by environmental factors,resulting in a larger measurement error.To solve this problem,a proportion method,a two-layer filtering algorithm,and a power management technique were applied to improve the temperature measurement precision.The proportion method can reduce the low frequency fluctuation error.The two-layer filtering algorithm can reduce the high frequency fluctuation error furtherly.The power management technique used can improve the system stability.Through testing the temperature measurement system built,the experimental results show that the fluctuation error can be significantly decreased from 0.5◦C to 0.2◦C.
基金sponsored by Chinese National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2011ZX02702-003)
文摘Microstructure and texture of electrodeposited Cu micro-cylinders in the blind hole play a vitally im- portant role in the electrical and mechanical properties of the three-dimensional （3-D） IC （integrated circuit）/Si integrations. In this paper, a new commercial additive system, which is specifically devel- oped for the high-aspect-ratio through-silicon-via （TSV） filling, was used to electrodeposit Cu in the blind holes. The microstructure of electrodeposited Cu micro-cylinder in the blind hole with a diameter of 40 μm and a depth of 140 μm was investigated by electron back-scattered diffraction （EBSD） technique. Grain size distribution of the Cu micro-cylinder in the blind hole differed from the bottom to the top. The grain boundaries contained a high fraction of Z3 CSL （coincident site lattice） boundaries. It has been reported that the Cu overburden film on the surface of the blind hole influenced the crystallographic orientation of Cu grains inside the damascene trench. So the effects of the current density and additive concentra- tion on the crystal structure of the overburden Cu film were also studied in this study. The experimental results indicated that the preferred orientation of the Cu overburden film changed from {111} to {220} when the current density increased from 2 to 80 mA cm-2. However, the effect of additives on the crystal structure of the Cu overburden film was dependent on the crystal structure of the seed layer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12072189,82171011)Shanghai Jiao Tong University‘Deep Blue Program’Fund(Grant No.SL2103)+1 种基金Project of Biobank(No.YBKB202117)from Shanghai Ninth People’s HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Science Foundation of National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments(No.6142905223704)。
文摘Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers have shown great potential in biomedical applications due to their high acoustic-to-electric conversion efficiency and large power capacity.The focusing technique enables the transducer to produce an extremely narrow beam,greatly improving the resolution and sensitivity.In this work,we summarize the fundamental properties and biological effects of the ultrasound field,aiming to establish a correlation between device design and application.Focusing techniques for piezoelectric transducers are highlighted,including material selection and fabrication methods,which determine the final performance of piezoelectric transducers.Numerous examples,from ultrasound imaging,neuromodulation,tumor ablation to ultrasonic wireless energy transfer,are summarized to highlight the great promise of biomedical applications.Finally,the challenges and opportunities of focused ultrasound transducers are presented.The aim of this review is to bridge the gap between focused ultrasound systems and biomedical applications.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFF1200602)the National Science Fund for Excellent Overseas Scholars(0401260011)+3 种基金the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Chinese Academy of Sciences(c02022088)the Tianjin Science and Technology Program(20JCZDJC00810)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202798)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1404200).
文摘Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs)represent an emerging technology that facilitates direct communication between the brain and external devices.In recent years,numerous review articles have explored various aspects of BCIs,including their fundamental principles,technical advancements,and applications in specific domains.However,these reviews often focus on signal processing,hardware development,or limited applications such as motor rehabilitation or communication.This paper aims to offer a comprehensive review of recent electroencephalogram(EEG)-based BCI applications in the medical field across 8 critical areas,encompassing rehabilitation,daily communication,epilepsy,cerebral resuscitation,sleep,neurodegenerative diseases,anesthesiology,and emotion recognition.Moreover,the current challenges and future trends of BCIs were also discussed,including personal privacy and ethical concerns,network security vulnerabilities,safety issues,and biocompatibility.
基金the Professional Technical Service Platform of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.19DZ2291103)。
文摘A novel characterization method for full-matrix constants of PzT-8 piezoceramics based on local electrodes excitation using one sample is proposed to avoid resonant peaks missing and overlapping in the inversion process of resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technology.Elastic matrix,which is sensitive to the resonance spectrum,is obtained by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy.Piezoelectric and dielectric matrices,which are sensitive to the capacitance of driving electrodes,are determined by capacitance inversion.The initial values of elastic constants are deviated by 30%to validate the reliability of this method.The relative errors between measured and inversed values of resonant frequencies are less than 1%and the relative errors of the capacitance are mostly less than 5%.The work has extensive applications in piezoelectric materials characterization.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62121003,T2293730,T2293731,61960206012,62333020,and 62171434)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2402501 and 2022YFB3205602)the Major Program of Scientific and Technical Innovation 2030(2021ZD02016030)。
文摘Intracortical neural interfaces directly connect brain neurons with external devices to achieve high temporal resolution and spatially precise sampling of neural activity.When applied to freely moving animals,this technology provides in-depth insight into the underlying neural mechanisms for their movement and cognition in real-world scenarios.However,the application of implanted devices in freely moving animals is limited by restrictions on their behavioral freedom and physiologic impact.In this paper,four technological directions for ideal implantable neural interface devices are analyzed:higher spatial density,improved biocompatibility,enhanced multimodal detection of electrical/neurotransmitter signals,and more effective neural modulation.Finally,we discuss how these technological developments have been applied to freely moving animals to provide better insight into neuroscience and clinical medicine.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12032015,12121002,and 12402062)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.24ZR1434900)+4 种基金The Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.2019-01-07-00-02-E00030)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research—Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Grant No.21TQ1400203)the Open Research Project Programme of the Science and Technology Development Fund(Grant No.006/2022/ALC)the Macao Centre for Research and Development in Advanced Materials(University of Macao)(Grant.No.MCRDAM-IAPME(UM)-2022-2024/ORP/002/2023)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.20DZ2220400).
文摘Cellular spheroids,closely resembling native tissue microenvironments,have emerged as pivotal constructs in biomedicine as they can facilitate complex cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions.However,current methods for constructing spheroid assembloids with spatial arrangement or heterogeneous structures are limited,which has become a barrier for studying tissue engineering and in vitro disease modeling.Here,we demonstrate an acoustofluidic pick-and-place operation system capable of spatially assembling of spheroids into desired patterns in both two dimensional(2D)and three dimensional(3D)spaces.The underlying physical mechanism of the device is systematically studied to explain the interrelationship between trapping cell spheroids,acoustic streaming,and the acoustic radiation force(ARF)induced by the acoustically activated microneedle.We exploit these mechanisms to successfully transfer cellular spheroids into hydrogel solutions,enabling them to be precisely patterned and fused into assembloids of predefined shapes.Besides,we demonstrate arranging MC3T3-E1 cellular spheroids into a ring shape to fabricate the osteogenic tissues.Besides,a co-culture model involving tumor cells(MCF-7)and normal human dermal fibroblasts(NHDFs)is constructed to validate our method’s ability to reconstruct heterogeneous tumor model,revealing that the fibroblast spheroids promote tumor spheroid invasion.Our method holds significant potential prospects in regenerative medicine,disease model construction and drug screening.
基金financial supports provided by the National Basic Research Program of China(2013CB932500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21171117 and 61574091)+3 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-12-0356)the Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(15XD1525200)Shanghai Jiao Tong University Agri-X Funding(Agri-X2015007)the Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)at Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning
文摘Graphene-based gas/vapor sensors have attracted much attention in recent years due to their variety of structures, unique sensing performances, room-temperature working conditions, and tremendous application prospects, etc.Herein, we summarize recent advantages in graphene preparation, sensor construction, and sensing properties of various graphene-based gas/vapor sensors, such as NH_3, NO_2, H_2, CO, SO_2, H_2S, as well as vapor of volatile organic compounds.The detection mechanisms pertaining to various gases are also discussed. In conclusion part, some existing problems which may hinder the sensor applications are presented. Several possible methods to solve these problems are proposed, for example, conceived solutions, hybrid nanostructures, multiple sensor arrays, and new recognition algorithm.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3205500,and 2022YFC3104700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62101329 and 61971284)+4 种基金the Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1421400)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(23ZR1430100)the Oceanic Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SL2020ZD203,SL2021MS006 and SL2020MS031)Scientific Research Fund of Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources of P.R.China(SL2003)Startup Fund for Youngman Research at Shanghai Jiao Tong University.
文摘Human metabolite moisture detection is important in health monitoring and non-invasive diagnosis.However,ultra-sensitive quantitative extraction of respiration information in real-time remains a great challenge.Herein,chemiresistors based on imine-linked covalent organic framework(COF)films with dual-active sites are fabricated to address this issue,which demonstrates an amplified humidity-sensing signal performance.By regulation of monomers and functional groups,these COF films can be pre-engineered to achieve high response,wide detection range,fast response,and recovery time.Under the condition of relative humidity ranging from 13 to 98%,the COFTAPB-DHTA film-based humidity sensor exhibits outstanding humidity sensing perfor-mance with an expanded response value of 390 times.Furthermore,the response values of the COF film-based sensor are highly linear to the relative humidity in the range below 60%,reflecting a quantitative sensing mechanism at the molecular level.Based on the dual-site adsorption of the(-C=N-)and(C-N)stretching vibrations,the revers-ible tautomerism induced by hydrogen bonding with water molecules is demonstrated to be the main intrinsic mechanism for this effective humidity detection.In addition,the synthesized COF films can be further exploited to effectively detect human nasal and oral breathing as well as fabric permeability,which will inspire novel designs for effective humidity-detection devices.
