Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management i...Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.展开更多
Paraoxonase-1(PON1)is an important enzyme in various pathologies such as pesticide poisoning,diabetes,atherosclerosis,neuronal disorders,and cancer,due to its multifunctional activity since it acts on different metabo...Paraoxonase-1(PON1)is an important enzyme in various pathologies such as pesticide poisoning,diabetes,atherosclerosis,neuronal disorders,and cancer,due to its multifunctional activity since it acts on different metabolites.However,one of its main functions is the hydrolysis of organophosphate(OP)compounds from pesticides that cause fatal poisoning at the level of the central nervous system(CNS).The objective of this review was to investigate whether the structure,genetics,and function of PON1 affect the metabolism of organophosphate pesticides or other abnormalities.Information was selected from articles in the database PubMed–NCBI(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)with a publication date between 2011 and 2019.The enzymatic activity of PON1 can be modified depending on its chemical structure since there are different genetic polymorphisms that change PONI morphologies or the levels of expression in the bloodstream.This leads to differences in susceptibilities to organophosphate pesticide poisoning.The results of this review reveal that phenotypic variants of PON1 have differences in affinities for OP substrates.展开更多
Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of immature myeloid precursor cells outside the bone marrow.The pathogenesis of MS is complex and not completely understood.Moreover,it develops...Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of immature myeloid precursor cells outside the bone marrow.The pathogenesis of MS is complex and not completely understood.Moreover,it develops in any extramedullary site of the body.In this editorial,we discuss the article published by Li et al,which presents a clinical case involving a 32-year-old man who exhibited gingival inflammation in the maxillary region.It was initially diagnosed as periodontal disease.However,clinical evaluation revealed a firm,grayishwhite mass which underscored the need for comprehensive diagnostics to distinguish MS from other oral conditions.This article emphasizes the different clinical presentations of similar case studies in the literature,and highlights the difficulty in diagnosing oral MS due to its rarity and variability in clinical manifestation.The treatment of MS depends on the clinical presentation,tumor location,and the patient's response to conventional therapies.The various therapeutic options currently available are analyzed and discussed.Early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving treatment outcomes.Increased awareness and education about the various clinical presentations of MS lead to earlier diagnosis and timely treatment,thereby enhancing patients'survival and quality of life.Continued research is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies and addressing the challenges presented by this rare neoplasm.展开更多
The global increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its complications presents significant challenges to public health.Recently,periodontal disease(PD)was recognized as a factor that is likely t...The global increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its complications presents significant challenges to public health.Recently,periodontal disease(PD)was recognized as a factor that is likely to influence the progression of T2DM and its complications due to its potential to exacerbate systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.In this editorial,we comment on the article published by Thazhe Poyil et al in the very recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes in 2024,which investigated the correlation between PD and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in T2DM patients,with emphasis on the association between periodontal swollen surface area,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),interleukin-6(IL-6),and lipoprotein(a).The findings by Thazhe Poyil et al are significant as they demonstrate a strong link between PD and DR in T2DM patients.This correlation highlights the importance of addressing periodontal health in diabetes management to potentially reduce the risk and severity of DR,a complication of diabetes.The integration of periodontal evaluation and treatment into diabetes care protocols may lead to improved glycemic control and better overall outcomes for T2DM patients.A few studies have established an interconnection between PD and diabetic complication,specifically DR,in T2DM patients,which we aim to highlight in this editorial.Emphasis was placed on the different mechanisms that suggest a bidirectional relationship between PD and T2DM,where the presence of periodontal inflammation negatively influenced glycemic control and contributed to the development and progression of DR through shared inflammatory and vascular mechanisms.This article highlights the importance of collaboration amongst diabetes specialists,ophthalmologists,periodontists,and public health professionals to advance the prevention,early detection,and treatment of PD and DR.This will improve the health and quality of life of T2DM patients.Moreover,the editorial highlights the need for further research on the specific molecular and immunological mechanisms that underlie the link between periodontitis and DR,with identification of common inflammatory biomarkers and signaling pathways.This is expected to facilitate effective direction of therapeutic objectives,thereby improving the management of diabetes and its complications through integrated care that incorporates oral health.展开更多
Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development.It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons,and formation of amyloid plaq...Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development.It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons,and formation of amyloid plaques,and formation of neurofibrillary tangles,among other changes,due to hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein.Exposure to pesticides in humans occurs frequently due to contact with contaminated food,water,or particles.Organochlorines,organophosphates,carbamates,pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are associated with the most diagnosed incidents of severe cognitive impairment.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these pesticides on the phosphorylation of tau protein,and its cognitive implications in the development of AD.It was found that exposure to pesticides increased the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser198,Ser199,Ser202,Thr205,Ser396 and Ser404.Contact with these chemicals altered the enzymatic activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta,and protein phosphatase-2A.Moreover,it altered the expression of the microtubule associated protein tau gene,and changed levels of intracellular calcium.These changes affected tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation,and also increased oxidative stress.In addition,the exposed subjects had poor level of performance in tests that involved evaluation of novelty,as test on verbal,non-verbal,spatial memory,attention,and problem-solving skills.展开更多
BACKGROUND Pyogenic granuloma(PG)is a localized,reddish and vascularized hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue which occurs in the oral cavity.In most cases,the presence of this lesion does not show alveolar bo...BACKGROUND Pyogenic granuloma(PG)is a localized,reddish and vascularized hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue which occurs in the oral cavity.In most cases,the presence of this lesion does not show alveolar bone resorption.The pathology is diagnosed clinically with some caution.However,the diagnosis and treatment are usually corroborated with histopathological evidence.CASE SUMMARY Three clinical cases of PG associated with bone loss were described in this study.The three patients presented tumor-like growth which bled on touch,and were associated with local irritant factors.Radiographs showed bone loss.All cases were treated with conservative surgical excision.The scarring was satisfactory,and there was no case of recurrence.The diagnoses were based on clinical findings,and were confirmed histopathologically.CONCLUSION The occurrence of oral PG with bone loss is unusual.Therefore,clinical and radiographic evaluations are important for the diagnosis.展开更多
Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the st...Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the strengths and limitations of ventilation and aerosol control measures in dental offices,especially with respect to the use of graphene nanocomposites.The potential of graphene nanocomposites as an innovative solution to aerosol-associated health risks is examined in this review due to the unique properties of graphene(e.g.,high con-ductivity,mechanical strength,and antimicrobial activity).These properties have produced promising results in various fields,but the application of graphene in dentistry remains unexplored.The recent study by Ju et al which was published in World Journal of Clinical Cases evaluated the effectiveness of graphene-based air disinfection systems in dental clinics.The study demonstrated that graphene-based disinfection techniques produced significant reductions in suspended particulate matter and bacterial colony counts,when co-mpared with traditional methods.Despite these positive results,challenges such as material saturation,frequency of filter replacement,and associated costs must be addressed before widespread adoption of graphene-based disinfection techniques in clinical practice.Therefore,there is need for further research on material structure optimization,long-term safety evaluations,and broader clinical applications,in order to maximize their positive impact on public health.展开更多
Pesticides are chemical substances used to eliminate various pests.Currently,more than two million tons of pesticides are used annually in developing and developed countries.One of the chronic diseases associated with...Pesticides are chemical substances used to eliminate various pests.Currently,more than two million tons of pesticides are used annually in developing and developed countries.One of the chronic diseases associated with pesticide poisoning is diabetes.This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved in the development of diabetes after pesticide poisoning.Relevant information was collected between January and May 2024,using databases such as PubMed,Google Academic,and Elsevier.Pesticides reduce the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in the intestine,thereby decreasing the release of insulin.Moreover,pesticides are metabolized to acetic acid by intestinal microbiota.This contributes to gluconeogenesis in the liver.In addition,the accumulation of pesticides in adipose tissue affects pancreatic beta-cells(β-cells)through increases in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the release of leptin,resulting in insulin resistance and impairments of appetite control and energy balance.These alterations caused by pesticides can contribute to the development of diabetes by affecting many organic systems.展开更多
BACKGROUND Epulis fissuratum is an inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia characterized by pseudotumoral growth in the soft tissues of the oral mucosa.It is a multifactorial condition caused by factors such as poor oral hyg...BACKGROUND Epulis fissuratum is an inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia characterized by pseudotumoral growth in the soft tissues of the oral mucosa.It is a multifactorial condition caused by factors such as poor oral hygiene,prolonged use of ill-fitting dentures,continuous use of dentures without intervals of rest,and underlying systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and coagulation disorders.Although initially asymptomatic if left untreated,the lesion may result in complications such as ulcerations,secondary infections,and interference with speech,masticatory function,and oral aesthetics with significant adverse impact on the patient.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old female patient with no significant medical history presented to the dental clinic with tissue overgrowth and depression of the upper lip.She reported 30 years of continuous use of a complete maxillary denture without ever removing it.The management of this condition required a multidisciplinary approach to ensure accurate diagnosis and a strategic treatment plan tailored to her systemic health and the severity of the oral condition.The diagnosis of epulis fissuratum was confirmed through histopathological analysis.Treatment was implemented in two phases:Surgical and prosthetic.The surgical phase involved excision of the excess tissue and placement of a free gingival graft in the anterior maxillary vestibular area in order to deepen the vestibule and optimize the ridge for prosthetic rehabilitation.The prosthetic phase involved fabrication and placement of a new complete denture.CONCLUSION The multidisciplinary management of epulis fissuratum resulted in precise clinical diagnosis,effective soft tissue management,and appropriate prosthetic adjustments,thereby ensuring favorable long-term outcomes for the patient.展开更多
Insulin,a key pleiotropic hormone,regulates metabolism through several signaling pathways in target tissues including skeletal muscle,liver,and brain.In the brain,insulin modulates learning and memory,and impaired ins...Insulin,a key pleiotropic hormone,regulates metabolism through several signaling pathways in target tissues including skeletal muscle,liver,and brain.In the brain,insulin modulates learning and memory,and impaired insulin signaling is associated with metabolic dysregulation and neurodegenerative diseases.At the receptor level,in aging and Alzheimer’s disease(AD)models,the amount of insulin receptors and their functions are decreased.Clinical and animal model studies suggest that memory improvements are due to changes in insulin levels.Furthermore,diabetes mellitus(DM)and insulin resistance are associated with age-related cognitive decline,increased levels ofβ-amyloid peptide,phosphorylation of tau protein;oxidative stress,pro-inflammatory cytokine production and dyslipidemia. Recent evidence shows that deleting brain insulin receptors leads to mildobesity and insulin resistance without influencing brain size and apoptosis development.Conversely, deleting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) affects brain size anddevelopment, and contributes to behavior changes. Insulin is synthesized locally in the brain andis released from the neurons. Here, we reviewed proposed pathophysiological hypotheses toexplain increased risk of dementia in the presence of DM. Regardless of the exact sequence ofevents leading to neurodegeneration, there is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctionplays a key role in AD and DM. A triple transgenic mouse model of AD showed mitochondrialdysfunction, oxidative stress, and loss of synaptic integrity. These alterations are comparable tothose induced in wild-type mice treated with sucrose, which is consistent with the proposal thatmitochondrial alterations are associated with DM and contribute to AD development. Alterationsin insulin/IGF-1 signaling in DM could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and low antioxidantcapacity of the cell. Thus, insulin/IGF-1 signaling is important for increased neural processing andsystemic metabolism, and could be a specific target for therapeutic strategies to decreasealterations associated with age-related cognitive decline.展开更多
BACKGROUND Radicular cyst is a lesion of odontogenic origin that arises from epithelial remains due to periapical periodontitis caused by inflammatory reactions generated at the apex of affected teeth with infected or...BACKGROUND Radicular cyst is a lesion of odontogenic origin that arises from epithelial remains due to periapical periodontitis caused by inflammatory reactions generated at the apex of affected teeth with infected or necrotic pulps.The therapeutic mana gement of radicular cysts is controversial.There is only one case report of enucleation of a radicular cyst managed with microsurgery and apicoectomy,but without the use of the guided tissue regeneration(GTR)technique in the same surgical procedure.The present clinical case describes the management of a radicular cyst with microsurgical approach,performance of an apicoectomy of the tooth associated with the entity,application of GTR technique,use of a resorbable membrane of type I bovine collagen,and bovine xenograft.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old patient presented with a radicular cyst from an upper lateral incisor.The microsurgical management used was aimed at enucleating the chemical membrane,performing apicoectomy of the tooth along with careful and precise retrograde filling,and implementing GTR technique using a resorbable collagen membrane and bovine xenograft.The diagnosis of radicular cyst was confirmed using histopathological analysis.The patient underwent follow-up evaluations at 10 and 30 d postoperatively.At 4 months postoperative evaluation,she remained asymptomatic,and radiographs showed significant periapical healing with adequate bone formation.CONCLUSION These results suggest that microsurgical management using the GTR technique with collagen membrane and xenograft,contributes to bone regeneration.展开更多
Paraoxonase-1(PON-1)is an enzyme that hydrolyzes organophosphate pesticides.The presence of polymorphisms in PON-1(L55M and Q192R)decreases its enzyme activity and increases the risk of central nervous system(CNS)toxi...Paraoxonase-1(PON-1)is an enzyme that hydrolyzes organophosphate pesticides.The presence of polymorphisms in PON-1(L55M and Q192R)decreases its enzyme activity and increases the risk of central nervous system(CNS)toxicity in occupationally exposed farmers,leading to chronic degenerative diseases and death.We studied 103 farmers in the region of Cienega Jalisco,Mexico,which were exposed mainly to organophosphate pesticides.We used serum and plasma samples to assay PON-1 activity and perform polymorphism analysis(L55M and Q192R)using qPCR and TaqMan probes,respectively.For both polymorphisms,there was high percentage of heterozygosity(55 LL=0.19,LM=0.75,MM=0.06;192 QQ=0.12,QR=0.72,RR=0.16),while the allelic frequencies were more balanced(L=0.56,M=0.44;Q=0.48,R=0.52).There were no significant differences in enzyme activity of L55M polymorphism genotypes(LL=179.27;LM=192.11;MM=122.11;QQ=135.74;QR=187.90;RR=209;p>0.05).But there was a slight decrease in enzyme activity for the Q192R polymorphism genotypes.The genotype and alcohol consumption associated with slight increases in enzyme activity.However,genotype and tobacco consumption did not have a significant effect on PON-1 activity(μU/mL)(p>0.05).Overall,alcohol and tobacco consumption affected PON-1 enzyme activity(μU/mL)up to 21.1%.The data obtained in this study reveal that PON-1 activity is affected by genetic variants such as Q192R and alcohol consumption.This may influence the susceptibility of populations to organophosphate poisoning.展开更多
Chronic kidney disease(CKD)and chronic periodontitis(CP)are prevalent conditions which significantly impact public health worldwide.Both diseases share inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms,an indication of a l...Chronic kidney disease(CKD)and chronic periodontitis(CP)are prevalent conditions which significantly impact public health worldwide.Both diseases share inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms,an indication of a likely bidirectional relationship.This editorial explored the association between CKD and CP by highlighting common inflammatory mechanisms and recent research findings that address this interrelationship.Through reviews of recent studies,we discussed how periodontal bacteria may activate systemic immune responses that affect both periodontal and renal tissues.Additionally,meta-analysis data indicated an increased risk of CKD development in patients with CP,and vice versa.The results suggest the need for more rigorous research in the future in order to address the confounding factors and evaluate specific periodontal health interventions and their direct effects on kidney function.We emphasized the importance of comprehensive and multidisciplinary care for the improvement of the overall health of patients affected by CP and CKD.展开更多
Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of t...Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.展开更多
The development of minimally invasive surgery has transformed the management of gastrointestinal cancer.Notably,three-dimensional visualization systems have increased surgical precision.This editorial discusses a rece...The development of minimally invasive surgery has transformed the management of gastrointestinal cancer.Notably,three-dimensional visualization systems have increased surgical precision.This editorial discusses a recent study by Shen and Zhang,which compared the clinical applications of naked-eye threedimensional laparoscopic systems vs traditional optical systems in radical surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer.Both systems appeared to yield comparable surgical and oncological outcomes in terms of safety parameters,operating times,and quality of lymph node dissection.However,the spectacle-free system’s technical and logistical limitations hindered its effects on the surgical team’s overall competency.This editorial examines the authors’findings within the broader context of the evolution of oncologic laparoscopy,discusses the relevance of the results in light of the current literature,and proposes future research directions focused on multicenter validation,comprehensive ergonomic analysis,and technological advancements aimed at enhancing intraoperative collaboration.As technology continues to evolve,clinical implementation of new methods must be supported by robust scientific evidence and standardized criteria,to ensure tangible improvements in efficiency,safety,and oncologic outcomes.展开更多
BACKGROUND Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used effectively for treatment of a rare haematological disorder known as medullary aplasia.This drug prevents several side effects,including gingival enlargement(...BACKGROUND Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used effectively for treatment of a rare haematological disorder known as medullary aplasia.This drug prevents several side effects,including gingival enlargement(GE)which compromises aesthetics,phonetics and chewing,and also predisposes patients to periodontitis.CASE SUMMARY This clinical case reports a 41-year-old woman who presented with cyclosporineinduced GE with underlying periodontitis and medullary aplasia.The management of the disease was approached through multidisciplinary strategy which allowed for accurate diagnosis and a strategic treatment based on the systemic condition and severity of oral pathology.The diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological analysis.The treatment was carried out in phases:Initial(oral hygiene motivation,mechanical supragingival plaque control,and non-surgical therapy);systemic treatment,corrective treatment,and maintenance.CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary management of cyclosporine-induced GE and medullary aplasia allows for correct diagnosis and effective treatment of this pathological expression through a phased therapeutic approach.展开更多
Rectal cancer is a malignant neoplasm that constitutes a significant public health challenge due to its high incidence and associated mortality.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Chan et al.In recent years...Rectal cancer is a malignant neoplasm that constitutes a significant public health challenge due to its high incidence and associated mortality.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Chan et al.In recent years,there has been progress in the development of new treatments for initial and metastatic rectal cancer due to introduction of techniques of innovative and minimally-invasive surgery(MIS)such as laparoscopy and robotic surgery.However,only a few studies have ana-lyzed the feasibility,safety,and results of MIS in relation to open surgery,thereby highlighting the promising and superior results of MIS in functional and oncolo-gical terms.The findings were corroborated by the comparative study of Chan et al which evaluated the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive multivisceral resection(miMVR).A comparison of postoperative outcomes between open MVR and miMVR showed that miMVR presented less blood loss,fewer postoperative complications,and less morbidity.This editorial article is focused specifically on analysis of the characteristics of new minimally-invasive surgical techniques in rectal cancer,particularly in advanced stages.The importance of future research is emphasized by progress in knowledge,training,and clinical practice in the appli-cation of these surgical procedures for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.展开更多
文摘Optimal health during pregnancy is crucial for ensuring the well-being of the mother and the developing fetus.This article is focused on the impact of oral health and the role of personalized oral hygiene management in addressing prevalent dental issues among pregnant women,with particular emphasis on periodontal disease and dental caries.Despite the high prevalence of these dental problems and their association with obstetric complications such as pre-term birth and low birth weight,many pregnant women do not receive adequate dental care.This gap in care is often due to misconceptions about the safety of dental treat-ments during pregnancy and lack of awareness on the part of healthcare profes-sionals.Appreciations of the impacts of oral health and personalization of oral hygiene strategies such as tailored education and support,have proven effective in improving oral health in this population.Significant reductions in the incidence of caries and periodontal disease may be achieved by adapting care to the specific needs of each patient,thereby enhancing maternal and fetal health outcomes.Integration of personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health pro-grams and enhancement of ongoing education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps in the reduction of pregnancy-related risks and improvement of maternal and neonatal well-being.Core Tip:In this article,we reviewed a recent study on the effects of personalized oral hygiene management on the oral health of pregnant women,as discussed in the article by Men et al.The study demonstrated that personalized oral hygiene interventions significantly improved oral health outcomes during pregnancy by reducing the prevalence of dental caries and periodontal disease.We emphasized the importance of individualized oral care programs that integrate education and tailored support,and we highlighted their significance in enhancing maternal and fetal health.This approach underscores the need for incorporating personalized oral hygiene management into routine prenatal care in order to optimize health outcomes.CONCLUSION This article emphasizes the critical role of personalized oral hygiene management in improving oral health during pregnancy.By tailoring oral care strategies to individual needs,significant improvements in dental health may be achieved,as evidenced by the reduced CAT scores observed in the experimental group in the study by Men et al[25].This personalized approach not only addresses common oral issues such as dental caries and periodontal disease but also underscores the broader implications for maternal and fetal health.Despite the positive results,there remains a gap in consistency in the application of oral health practices during pregnancy,partly due to misconceptions and lack of awareness among patients and healthcare providers.Future research should aim at validating these findings across diverse populations,investigating the impact of oral hygiene interventions at various stages of pregnancy,and evaluating their long-term effects on maternal and fetal health.Integrating personalized oral hygiene management into maternal health programs and promoting continuous education for pregnant women and healthcare professionals are essential steps toward enhancing overall health outcomes.By proactively managing oral health,the risks associated with pregnancy may be reduced while improving maternal and neonatal well-being.
文摘Paraoxonase-1(PON1)is an important enzyme in various pathologies such as pesticide poisoning,diabetes,atherosclerosis,neuronal disorders,and cancer,due to its multifunctional activity since it acts on different metabolites.However,one of its main functions is the hydrolysis of organophosphate(OP)compounds from pesticides that cause fatal poisoning at the level of the central nervous system(CNS).The objective of this review was to investigate whether the structure,genetics,and function of PON1 affect the metabolism of organophosphate pesticides or other abnormalities.Information was selected from articles in the database PubMed–NCBI(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/)with a publication date between 2011 and 2019.The enzymatic activity of PON1 can be modified depending on its chemical structure since there are different genetic polymorphisms that change PONI morphologies or the levels of expression in the bloodstream.This leads to differences in susceptibilities to organophosphate pesticide poisoning.The results of this review reveal that phenotypic variants of PON1 have differences in affinities for OP substrates.
文摘Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare neoplasm characterized by the proliferation of immature myeloid precursor cells outside the bone marrow.The pathogenesis of MS is complex and not completely understood.Moreover,it develops in any extramedullary site of the body.In this editorial,we discuss the article published by Li et al,which presents a clinical case involving a 32-year-old man who exhibited gingival inflammation in the maxillary region.It was initially diagnosed as periodontal disease.However,clinical evaluation revealed a firm,grayishwhite mass which underscored the need for comprehensive diagnostics to distinguish MS from other oral conditions.This article emphasizes the different clinical presentations of similar case studies in the literature,and highlights the difficulty in diagnosing oral MS due to its rarity and variability in clinical manifestation.The treatment of MS depends on the clinical presentation,tumor location,and the patient's response to conventional therapies.The various therapeutic options currently available are analyzed and discussed.Early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving treatment outcomes.Increased awareness and education about the various clinical presentations of MS lead to earlier diagnosis and timely treatment,thereby enhancing patients'survival and quality of life.Continued research is essential for optimizing therapeutic strategies and addressing the challenges presented by this rare neoplasm.
文摘The global increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and its complications presents significant challenges to public health.Recently,periodontal disease(PD)was recognized as a factor that is likely to influence the progression of T2DM and its complications due to its potential to exacerbate systemic inflammation and oxidative stress.In this editorial,we comment on the article published by Thazhe Poyil et al in the very recent issue of the World Journal of Diabetes in 2024,which investigated the correlation between PD and diabetic retinopathy(DR)in T2DM patients,with emphasis on the association between periodontal swollen surface area,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),interleukin-6(IL-6),and lipoprotein(a).The findings by Thazhe Poyil et al are significant as they demonstrate a strong link between PD and DR in T2DM patients.This correlation highlights the importance of addressing periodontal health in diabetes management to potentially reduce the risk and severity of DR,a complication of diabetes.The integration of periodontal evaluation and treatment into diabetes care protocols may lead to improved glycemic control and better overall outcomes for T2DM patients.A few studies have established an interconnection between PD and diabetic complication,specifically DR,in T2DM patients,which we aim to highlight in this editorial.Emphasis was placed on the different mechanisms that suggest a bidirectional relationship between PD and T2DM,where the presence of periodontal inflammation negatively influenced glycemic control and contributed to the development and progression of DR through shared inflammatory and vascular mechanisms.This article highlights the importance of collaboration amongst diabetes specialists,ophthalmologists,periodontists,and public health professionals to advance the prevention,early detection,and treatment of PD and DR.This will improve the health and quality of life of T2DM patients.Moreover,the editorial highlights the need for further research on the specific molecular and immunological mechanisms that underlie the link between periodontitis and DR,with identification of common inflammatory biomarkers and signaling pathways.This is expected to facilitate effective direction of therapeutic objectives,thereby improving the management of diabetes and its complications through integrated care that incorporates oral health.
文摘Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development.It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons,and formation of amyloid plaques,and formation of neurofibrillary tangles,among other changes,due to hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein.Exposure to pesticides in humans occurs frequently due to contact with contaminated food,water,or particles.Organochlorines,organophosphates,carbamates,pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are associated with the most diagnosed incidents of severe cognitive impairment.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these pesticides on the phosphorylation of tau protein,and its cognitive implications in the development of AD.It was found that exposure to pesticides increased the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser198,Ser199,Ser202,Thr205,Ser396 and Ser404.Contact with these chemicals altered the enzymatic activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta,and protein phosphatase-2A.Moreover,it altered the expression of the microtubule associated protein tau gene,and changed levels of intracellular calcium.These changes affected tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation,and also increased oxidative stress.In addition,the exposed subjects had poor level of performance in tests that involved evaluation of novelty,as test on verbal,non-verbal,spatial memory,attention,and problem-solving skills.
文摘BACKGROUND Pyogenic granuloma(PG)is a localized,reddish and vascularized hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue which occurs in the oral cavity.In most cases,the presence of this lesion does not show alveolar bone resorption.The pathology is diagnosed clinically with some caution.However,the diagnosis and treatment are usually corroborated with histopathological evidence.CASE SUMMARY Three clinical cases of PG associated with bone loss were described in this study.The three patients presented tumor-like growth which bled on touch,and were associated with local irritant factors.Radiographs showed bone loss.All cases were treated with conservative surgical excision.The scarring was satisfactory,and there was no case of recurrence.The diagnoses were based on clinical findings,and were confirmed histopathologically.CONCLUSION The occurrence of oral PG with bone loss is unusual.Therefore,clinical and radiographic evaluations are important for the diagnosis.
文摘Concerns about air quality in dental clinics where aerosol generation during procedures poses significant health risks,have prompted investigations on advanced disinfection technologies.This editorial describes the strengths and limitations of ventilation and aerosol control measures in dental offices,especially with respect to the use of graphene nanocomposites.The potential of graphene nanocomposites as an innovative solution to aerosol-associated health risks is examined in this review due to the unique properties of graphene(e.g.,high con-ductivity,mechanical strength,and antimicrobial activity).These properties have produced promising results in various fields,but the application of graphene in dentistry remains unexplored.The recent study by Ju et al which was published in World Journal of Clinical Cases evaluated the effectiveness of graphene-based air disinfection systems in dental clinics.The study demonstrated that graphene-based disinfection techniques produced significant reductions in suspended particulate matter and bacterial colony counts,when co-mpared with traditional methods.Despite these positive results,challenges such as material saturation,frequency of filter replacement,and associated costs must be addressed before widespread adoption of graphene-based disinfection techniques in clinical practice.Therefore,there is need for further research on material structure optimization,long-term safety evaluations,and broader clinical applications,in order to maximize their positive impact on public health.
文摘Pesticides are chemical substances used to eliminate various pests.Currently,more than two million tons of pesticides are used annually in developing and developed countries.One of the chronic diseases associated with pesticide poisoning is diabetes.This review aimed to elucidate the mechanisms of action involved in the development of diabetes after pesticide poisoning.Relevant information was collected between January and May 2024,using databases such as PubMed,Google Academic,and Elsevier.Pesticides reduce the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)in the intestine,thereby decreasing the release of insulin.Moreover,pesticides are metabolized to acetic acid by intestinal microbiota.This contributes to gluconeogenesis in the liver.In addition,the accumulation of pesticides in adipose tissue affects pancreatic beta-cells(β-cells)through increases in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines and the release of leptin,resulting in insulin resistance and impairments of appetite control and energy balance.These alterations caused by pesticides can contribute to the development of diabetes by affecting many organic systems.
文摘BACKGROUND Epulis fissuratum is an inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia characterized by pseudotumoral growth in the soft tissues of the oral mucosa.It is a multifactorial condition caused by factors such as poor oral hygiene,prolonged use of ill-fitting dentures,continuous use of dentures without intervals of rest,and underlying systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus and coagulation disorders.Although initially asymptomatic if left untreated,the lesion may result in complications such as ulcerations,secondary infections,and interference with speech,masticatory function,and oral aesthetics with significant adverse impact on the patient.CASE SUMMARY A 56-year-old female patient with no significant medical history presented to the dental clinic with tissue overgrowth and depression of the upper lip.She reported 30 years of continuous use of a complete maxillary denture without ever removing it.The management of this condition required a multidisciplinary approach to ensure accurate diagnosis and a strategic treatment plan tailored to her systemic health and the severity of the oral condition.The diagnosis of epulis fissuratum was confirmed through histopathological analysis.Treatment was implemented in two phases:Surgical and prosthetic.The surgical phase involved excision of the excess tissue and placement of a free gingival graft in the anterior maxillary vestibular area in order to deepen the vestibule and optimize the ridge for prosthetic rehabilitation.The prosthetic phase involved fabrication and placement of a new complete denture.CONCLUSION The multidisciplinary management of epulis fissuratum resulted in precise clinical diagnosis,effective soft tissue management,and appropriate prosthetic adjustments,thereby ensuring favorable long-term outcomes for the patient.
文摘Insulin,a key pleiotropic hormone,regulates metabolism through several signaling pathways in target tissues including skeletal muscle,liver,and brain.In the brain,insulin modulates learning and memory,and impaired insulin signaling is associated with metabolic dysregulation and neurodegenerative diseases.At the receptor level,in aging and Alzheimer’s disease(AD)models,the amount of insulin receptors and their functions are decreased.Clinical and animal model studies suggest that memory improvements are due to changes in insulin levels.Furthermore,diabetes mellitus(DM)and insulin resistance are associated with age-related cognitive decline,increased levels ofβ-amyloid peptide,phosphorylation of tau protein;oxidative stress,pro-inflammatory cytokine production and dyslipidemia. Recent evidence shows that deleting brain insulin receptors leads to mildobesity and insulin resistance without influencing brain size and apoptosis development.Conversely, deleting insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) affects brain size anddevelopment, and contributes to behavior changes. Insulin is synthesized locally in the brain andis released from the neurons. Here, we reviewed proposed pathophysiological hypotheses toexplain increased risk of dementia in the presence of DM. Regardless of the exact sequence ofevents leading to neurodegeneration, there is strong evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctionplays a key role in AD and DM. A triple transgenic mouse model of AD showed mitochondrialdysfunction, oxidative stress, and loss of synaptic integrity. These alterations are comparable tothose induced in wild-type mice treated with sucrose, which is consistent with the proposal thatmitochondrial alterations are associated with DM and contribute to AD development. Alterationsin insulin/IGF-1 signaling in DM could lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and low antioxidantcapacity of the cell. Thus, insulin/IGF-1 signaling is important for increased neural processing andsystemic metabolism, and could be a specific target for therapeutic strategies to decreasealterations associated with age-related cognitive decline.
文摘BACKGROUND Radicular cyst is a lesion of odontogenic origin that arises from epithelial remains due to periapical periodontitis caused by inflammatory reactions generated at the apex of affected teeth with infected or necrotic pulps.The therapeutic mana gement of radicular cysts is controversial.There is only one case report of enucleation of a radicular cyst managed with microsurgery and apicoectomy,but without the use of the guided tissue regeneration(GTR)technique in the same surgical procedure.The present clinical case describes the management of a radicular cyst with microsurgical approach,performance of an apicoectomy of the tooth associated with the entity,application of GTR technique,use of a resorbable membrane of type I bovine collagen,and bovine xenograft.CASE SUMMARY A 68-year-old patient presented with a radicular cyst from an upper lateral incisor.The microsurgical management used was aimed at enucleating the chemical membrane,performing apicoectomy of the tooth along with careful and precise retrograde filling,and implementing GTR technique using a resorbable collagen membrane and bovine xenograft.The diagnosis of radicular cyst was confirmed using histopathological analysis.The patient underwent follow-up evaluations at 10 and 30 d postoperatively.At 4 months postoperative evaluation,she remained asymptomatic,and radiographs showed significant periapical healing with adequate bone formation.CONCLUSION These results suggest that microsurgical management using the GTR technique with collagen membrane and xenograft,contributes to bone regeneration.
文摘Paraoxonase-1(PON-1)is an enzyme that hydrolyzes organophosphate pesticides.The presence of polymorphisms in PON-1(L55M and Q192R)decreases its enzyme activity and increases the risk of central nervous system(CNS)toxicity in occupationally exposed farmers,leading to chronic degenerative diseases and death.We studied 103 farmers in the region of Cienega Jalisco,Mexico,which were exposed mainly to organophosphate pesticides.We used serum and plasma samples to assay PON-1 activity and perform polymorphism analysis(L55M and Q192R)using qPCR and TaqMan probes,respectively.For both polymorphisms,there was high percentage of heterozygosity(55 LL=0.19,LM=0.75,MM=0.06;192 QQ=0.12,QR=0.72,RR=0.16),while the allelic frequencies were more balanced(L=0.56,M=0.44;Q=0.48,R=0.52).There were no significant differences in enzyme activity of L55M polymorphism genotypes(LL=179.27;LM=192.11;MM=122.11;QQ=135.74;QR=187.90;RR=209;p>0.05).But there was a slight decrease in enzyme activity for the Q192R polymorphism genotypes.The genotype and alcohol consumption associated with slight increases in enzyme activity.However,genotype and tobacco consumption did not have a significant effect on PON-1 activity(μU/mL)(p>0.05).Overall,alcohol and tobacco consumption affected PON-1 enzyme activity(μU/mL)up to 21.1%.The data obtained in this study reveal that PON-1 activity is affected by genetic variants such as Q192R and alcohol consumption.This may influence the susceptibility of populations to organophosphate poisoning.
文摘Chronic kidney disease(CKD)and chronic periodontitis(CP)are prevalent conditions which significantly impact public health worldwide.Both diseases share inflammatory and oxidative stress mechanisms,an indication of a likely bidirectional relationship.This editorial explored the association between CKD and CP by highlighting common inflammatory mechanisms and recent research findings that address this interrelationship.Through reviews of recent studies,we discussed how periodontal bacteria may activate systemic immune responses that affect both periodontal and renal tissues.Additionally,meta-analysis data indicated an increased risk of CKD development in patients with CP,and vice versa.The results suggest the need for more rigorous research in the future in order to address the confounding factors and evaluate specific periodontal health interventions and their direct effects on kidney function.We emphasized the importance of comprehensive and multidisciplinary care for the improvement of the overall health of patients affected by CP and CKD.
文摘Oral cancer is one of the malignant neoplasms that present major global health challenge.It is the sixth most prevalent type of cancer in the world,with a high incidence and mortality rate.This letter is a review of the study by Yin et al which was published in the World Journal of Clinical Cases(2024).The study evaluated the effect of Tongluo Jiedu as an adjuvant treatment for oral cancer.Over the years,there has been a continuous search for effective and less invasive treatments for oral cancer.This article emphasizes and discusses various therapeutic options currently available,and it highlights that early intervention and multidisciplinary management are crucial for improving outcomes.Traditional Chinese medicine,particularly Tongluo Jiedu,presents potential complementary approach to co-nventional oral cancer therapies.Future research on Tongluo Jiedu should be focused on validation of its efficacy and safety through large,well-designed clinical trials,as well as better understanding of the molecular mechanisms in-volved,and optimization of therapeutic combinations.Additionally,continuous education of health professionals is key to the effective and safe integration of this traditional medicine into clinical practice.Continuous research is essential for optimization of therapeutic strategies and for addressing the challenges presented by this neoplasm.
文摘The development of minimally invasive surgery has transformed the management of gastrointestinal cancer.Notably,three-dimensional visualization systems have increased surgical precision.This editorial discusses a recent study by Shen and Zhang,which compared the clinical applications of naked-eye threedimensional laparoscopic systems vs traditional optical systems in radical surgery for gastric and colorectal cancer.Both systems appeared to yield comparable surgical and oncological outcomes in terms of safety parameters,operating times,and quality of lymph node dissection.However,the spectacle-free system’s technical and logistical limitations hindered its effects on the surgical team’s overall competency.This editorial examines the authors’findings within the broader context of the evolution of oncologic laparoscopy,discusses the relevance of the results in light of the current literature,and proposes future research directions focused on multicenter validation,comprehensive ergonomic analysis,and technological advancements aimed at enhancing intraoperative collaboration.As technology continues to evolve,clinical implementation of new methods must be supported by robust scientific evidence and standardized criteria,to ensure tangible improvements in efficiency,safety,and oncologic outcomes.
文摘BACKGROUND Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive agent used effectively for treatment of a rare haematological disorder known as medullary aplasia.This drug prevents several side effects,including gingival enlargement(GE)which compromises aesthetics,phonetics and chewing,and also predisposes patients to periodontitis.CASE SUMMARY This clinical case reports a 41-year-old woman who presented with cyclosporineinduced GE with underlying periodontitis and medullary aplasia.The management of the disease was approached through multidisciplinary strategy which allowed for accurate diagnosis and a strategic treatment based on the systemic condition and severity of oral pathology.The diagnosis was confirmed through histopathological analysis.The treatment was carried out in phases:Initial(oral hygiene motivation,mechanical supragingival plaque control,and non-surgical therapy);systemic treatment,corrective treatment,and maintenance.CONCLUSION Multidisciplinary management of cyclosporine-induced GE and medullary aplasia allows for correct diagnosis and effective treatment of this pathological expression through a phased therapeutic approach.
文摘Rectal cancer is a malignant neoplasm that constitutes a significant public health challenge due to its high incidence and associated mortality.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Chan et al.In recent years,there has been progress in the development of new treatments for initial and metastatic rectal cancer due to introduction of techniques of innovative and minimally-invasive surgery(MIS)such as laparoscopy and robotic surgery.However,only a few studies have ana-lyzed the feasibility,safety,and results of MIS in relation to open surgery,thereby highlighting the promising and superior results of MIS in functional and oncolo-gical terms.The findings were corroborated by the comparative study of Chan et al which evaluated the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive multivisceral resection(miMVR).A comparison of postoperative outcomes between open MVR and miMVR showed that miMVR presented less blood loss,fewer postoperative complications,and less morbidity.This editorial article is focused specifically on analysis of the characteristics of new minimally-invasive surgical techniques in rectal cancer,particularly in advanced stages.The importance of future research is emphasized by progress in knowledge,training,and clinical practice in the appli-cation of these surgical procedures for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
