This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV i...This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV infection model has a susceptible class,a recovered class,along with a case of infection divided into three sub-different levels or categories and the recovered class.The total time interval is converted into two,which are further investigated for ordinary and fractional order operators of the AB derivative,respectively.The proposed model is tested separately for unique solutions and existence on bi intervals.The numerical solution of the proposed model is treated by the piece-wise numerical iterative scheme of Newtons Polynomial.The proposed method is established for piece-wise derivatives under natural order and non-singular Mittag-Leffler Law.The cross-over or bending characteristics in the dynamical system of HIV are easily examined by the aspect of this research having a memory effect for controlling the said disease.This study uses the neural network(NN)technique to obtain a better set of weights with low residual errors,and the epochs number is considered 1000.The obtained figures represent the approximate solution and absolute error which are tested with NN to train the data accurately.展开更多
Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing po...Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge concentrations.The waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution levels.This study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle deposition.To explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are considered.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations.The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary conditions.The integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of parameters.Graphical outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current problem.Results reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter increases.The concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic parameter.An upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass transport.The surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters.展开更多
The successful application of perimeter control of urban traffic system strongly depends on the macroscopic fundamental diagram of the targeted region.Despite intensive studies on the partitioning of urban road networ...The successful application of perimeter control of urban traffic system strongly depends on the macroscopic fundamental diagram of the targeted region.Despite intensive studies on the partitioning of urban road networks,the dynamic partitioning of urban regions reflecting the propagation of congestion remains an open question.This paper proposes to partition the network into homogeneous sub-regions based on random walk algorithm.Starting from selected random walkers,the road network is partitioned from the early morning when congestion emerges.A modified Akaike information criterion is defined to find the optimal number of partitions.Region boundary adjustment algorithms are adopted to optimize the partitioning results to further ensure the correlation of partitions.The traffic data of Melbourne city are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed partitioning method.展开更多
Weighted exponential distribution W ED(α,λ)with shape parameterαand scale parameterλpossesses some good properties and can be used as a good fit to survival time data compared to other distributions such as gamma,...Weighted exponential distribution W ED(α,λ)with shape parameterαand scale parameterλpossesses some good properties and can be used as a good fit to survival time data compared to other distributions such as gamma,Weibull,or generalized exponential distribution.In this article,we proved the existence and uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimator(MLE)of the parameters of W ED(α,λ)in simple random sampling(SRS)and provided explicit expressions for the Fisher information number in SRS.Moreover,we also proved the existence and uniqueness of the MLE of the parameters of W ED(α,λ)in ranked set sampling(RSS)and provided explicit expressions for the Fisher information number in RSS.Simulation studies show that these MLEs in RSS can be real competitors for those in SRS.展开更多
This study investigates the heat transfer and flow dynamics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid comprising alumina,copper,and silica/titania nanoparticles dispersed in water.The analysis considers the effects of suction,mag...This study investigates the heat transfer and flow dynamics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid comprising alumina,copper,and silica/titania nanoparticles dispersed in water.The analysis considers the effects of suction,magnetic field,and Joule heating over a permeable shrinking disk.Amathematicalmodel is developed and converted to a systemof differential equations using similarity transformation which then,solved numerically using the bvp4c solver in Matlab software.The study introduces a novel comparative analysis of alumina-copper-silica and alumina-coppertitania nanofluids,revealing distinct thermal conductivity behaviors and identifying critical suction values necessary for flow stabilization.Dual solutions are found within a specific range of parameters such that the minimum required suction values for flow stability,with S_(c)=1.2457 for alumina-copper-silica/water and S_(c)=1.2351 for alumina-coppertitania/water.The results indicate that increasing suction by 1%enhances the skin friction coefficient by up to 4.17%and improves heat transfer efficiency by approximately 1%,highlighting its crucial role in stabilizing the opposing flow induced by the shrinking disk.Additionally,the inclusion of 1%silica nanoparticles reduces both skin friction and heat transfer rate by approximately 0.28%and 0.85%,respectively,while 1%titania concentration increases skin friction by 3.02%but results in a slight heat transfer loss of up to 0.61%.These findings confirm the superior thermal performance of alumina-copper-titania/water,making it a promising candidate for enhanced cooling systems,energy-efficient heat exchangers,and industrial thermal management applications.展开更多
The numerical approximation of stochastic partial differential equations(SPDEs),particularly those including q-diffusion,poses considerable challenges due to the requirements for high-order precision,stability amongst...The numerical approximation of stochastic partial differential equations(SPDEs),particularly those including q-diffusion,poses considerable challenges due to the requirements for high-order precision,stability amongst random perturbations,and processing efficiency.Because of their simplicity,conventional numerical techniques like the Euler-Maruyama method are frequently employed to solve stochastic differential equations;nonetheless,they may have low-order accuracy and lower stability in stiff or high-resolution situations.This study proposes a novel computational scheme for solving SPDEs arising from a stochastic SEIR model with q-diffusion and a general incidence rate function.A proposed computational scheme can be used to solve stochastic partial differential equations.For spatial discretization,a compact scheme is chosen.The compact scheme can provide a sixth-order accurate solution.The proposed scheme can be considered an extension of the Euler Maruyama method.Stability and consistency in the mean square sense are also provided.For application purposes,the stochastic SEIR model is considered using q-diffusion effects.The scheme is used to solve the stochastic model and compared with the Euler-Maruyama method.The scheme is also compared with nonstandard finite difference method for solving deterministic models.In both cases,it performs better than existing schemes.Incorporating q-diffusion further enhanced the model’s ability to represent realistic spatial-temporal disease dynamics,especially in scenarios where classical diffusion is insufficient.展开更多
This paper analyzes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics and stability of Aero-Engine Dual-Rotor(AEDR)systems under high-frequency excitation,based on the Adaptive Harmonic Balance with the Asymptotic Harmonic Select...This paper analyzes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics and stability of Aero-Engine Dual-Rotor(AEDR)systems under high-frequency excitation,based on the Adaptive Harmonic Balance with the Asymptotic Harmonic Selection(AHB-AHS)method.A finite element dynamic equation for the AEDR system is introduced,considering complex nonlinearities of the intershaft bearing,unbalanced excitations,and high-frequency excitation.A solving strategy combining the AHB-AHS method and improved arclength continuation method is proposed to solve highdimensional dynamic equations containing complex nonlinearities and to track periodic solutions with parameter variations.The Floquet theory is used to analyze the types of bifurcation points in the system and the stability of periodic motions.The results indicate that high-frequency excitation can couple high-order and low-order modes,especially when the system undergoes superharmonic resonance.High-frequency excitation leads to more combination frequency harmonics,among which N_(f)ω_(1)-2ω_(2)dominates.Furthermore,changing the parameters(amplitude and frequency)of high-frequency excitation widens or shifts the unstable regions of the system.These findings contribute to understanding the mechanism of high-frequency excitation on aero-engines and demonstrate that the proposed AHB-AHS method is a powerful tool for analyzing highdimensional complex nonlinear dynamic systems under multi-frequency excitation.展开更多
This study outlines a quantitative and data-driven study of the mixed convection heat transfer processes that concern Cu-water nanofluids in a I-shaped enclosure with one to five rotating cylinders.The dimensionless e...This study outlines a quantitative and data-driven study of the mixed convection heat transfer processes that concern Cu-water nanofluids in a I-shaped enclosure with one to five rotating cylinders.The dimensionless equations of mass,momentum,and energy are solved using the finite element method as implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3 software in different rotating Reynolds numbers and cylinder geometries.An artificial Neural Network that is trained using Bayesian Regularization on data produced by the COMSOL is utilized to estimate the average Nusselt numbers.The analysis is conducted for a wide range of rotational Reynolds numbers(Re_(w)=0-100),with the fixed Prandtl number.Results are presented in terms of streamline patterns,isotherm contours,and Nusselt numbers to assess heat transfer behavior.Findings revealed that increasing the number of cylinders and optimizing their placement significantly enhances convective mixing and thermal transport.The ANN model accurately predicts the Nusselt numbers across all configurations with negligible errors.Among all configurations,the third arrangement in Scenario 5 exhibits the highest heat transfer rates,attributed to intensified vortex interaction and reduced thermal resistance.Artificial neural networks and finite element-based models will be of great value to the design of miniature and energy-efficient enclosures and electronics cooling mechanisms that make use of nanofluids.展开更多
Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.Thi...Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.This study introduces a nonlinear mathematical model for examining the transmission dynamics of malaria,incorporating both human and mosquito populations.We aim to identify the key factors driving the endemic spread of malaria,determine feasible solutions,and provide insights that lead to the development of effective prevention and management strategies.We derive the basic reproductive number employing the next-generation matrix approach and identify the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.Stability analyses indicate that the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally stable when the reproductive number is below one,whereas an endemic equilibrium persists when this threshold is exceeded.Sensitivity analysis identifies the most influential mosquito-related parameters,particularly the bite rate and mosquito mortality,in controlling the spread of malaria.Furthermore,we extend our model to include a treatment compartment and three disease-preventive control variables such as antimalaria drug treatments,use of larvicides,and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for optimal control analysis.The results show that optimal use of mosquito nets,use of larvicides for mosquito population control,and treatment can lower the basic reproduction number and control malaria transmission with minimal intervention costs.The analysis of disease control strategies and findings offers valuable information for policymakers in designing cost-effective strategies to combat malaria.展开更多
Peristaltic transport of non-Newtonian nanofluids with double diffusion is essential to biological engineering,microfluidics,and manufacturing processes.The authors tackle the key problem of Sisko nanofluids under dou...Peristaltic transport of non-Newtonian nanofluids with double diffusion is essential to biological engineering,microfluidics,and manufacturing processes.The authors tackle the key problem of Sisko nanofluids under double diffusion convection with thermal radiations and electroosmotic effects.Thestudy proposes a solution approach by using Morlet-Wavelet Neural Networks that can effectively solve this complex problem by their superior ability in the capture of nonlinear dynamics.These convergence analyses were calculated across fifty independent runs.Theil’s Inequality Coefficient and theMean Squared Error values range from 10^(-7) to 10^(-5) and 10^(-7) to 10^(-10),respectively.These values showed the proposed method is scientifically reliable and fast converging.Studies reveal that the intensity of the magnetic field causes a reduction in the flow velocity profile in the center of the channel.It is also evaluated that thermal radiations enhance the energy of the system,which promotes thermally induced diffusion and particle flow.The physical applications of this work pertain to improving fluid flow and heat transfer in engineering structures like converters or cooling devices or magnetic fluids in electronics,energy,and biomedical applications,where optimal control of fluid behavior is of paramount importance.展开更多
Spillover of trypanosomiasis parasites from wildlife to domestic livestock and humans remains a major challenge world over.With the disease targeted for elimination by 2030,assessing the impact of control strategies i...Spillover of trypanosomiasis parasites from wildlife to domestic livestock and humans remains a major challenge world over.With the disease targeted for elimination by 2030,assessing the impact of control strategies in communities where there are human-cattle-wildlife interactions is therefore essential.A compartmental framework incorporating tsetse flies,humans,cattle,wildlife and various disease control strategies is developed and analyzed.The reproduction is derived and its sensitivity to different model parameters is investigated.Meanwhile,the optimal control theory is used to identify a combination of control strategies capable of minimizing the infected human and cattle population over time at minimal costs of implementation.The results indicates that tsetse fly mortality rate is strongly and negatively correlated to the reproduction number.It is also established that tsetse fly feeding rate in strongly and positively correlated to the reproduction number.Simulation results indicates that time dependent control strategies can significantly reduce the infections.Overall,the study shows that screening and treatment of humans may not lead to disease elimination.Combining this strategy with other strategies such as screening and treatment of cattle and vector control strategies will result in maximum reduction of tsetse fly population and disease elimination.展开更多
This paper aims to develop non-interacting ghost dark energy and generalized ghost dark energy models within the framework of f(Q)theory using the correspondence scheme.We use pressureless matter and a power-law scale...This paper aims to develop non-interacting ghost dark energy and generalized ghost dark energy models within the framework of f(Q)theory using the correspondence scheme.We use pressureless matter and a power-law scale factor.The cosmic implications of the resulting models are studied through the equation of state parameter and the phase planes.We also check the stability of the reconstructed models through the squared speed of sound parameter.The equation of state parameter exhibits a phantom era,the(ωD-ω'D)-plane indicates a freezing region,while the(r-s)-plane corresponds to the Chaplygin gas model for both models.It is also found that only the generalized ghost dark energy model remains stable throughout cosmic evolution.We conclude that our findings align well with current observational data.展开更多
Objective To investigate hypertension(HTN)trends,key risk factors,and gender disparities in rural China,and to propose targeted strategies for improving HTN control in resource-limited settings.Methods This longitudin...Objective To investigate hypertension(HTN)trends,key risk factors,and gender disparities in rural China,and to propose targeted strategies for improving HTN control in resource-limited settings.Methods This longitudinal study used data from the Henan Rural Cohort Study,including baseline(2015–2017;n=39,224)and follow-up(2018–2022;n=28,621)participants.HTN was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg,self-reported diagnosis,or use of antihypertensive medication.Severity was classified using a 7-tier blood pressure(BP)staging system(optimal,normal,high normal,and HTN stages 1–4).A generalized linear mixed-effects model(GLMM)identified associated risk factors.Results HTN prevalence increased modestly from 32.7%(95%CI:32.2–33.2)to 33.9%(95%CI:33.3%–34.4%).Awareness and treatment improved from 20.1%to 25.3%,and from 18.8%to 24.4%,respectively,but control rates remained low(6.2%to 12.3%).After adjustment,women had a 1.53-fold higher HTN risk than men(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.43–1.63),revealing gender-specific trends.Key risk factors included alcohol use(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.27–1.47)and overweight status(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.66–1.86).BP staging showed an increase in optimal BP(42.3%to 45.8%),but stagnant management of advanced HTN stages.Conclusion Hypertension in rural China is shaped by behavioral risk factors and healthcare access gaps.Gender-sensitive,community-based interventions,including task-shifting models,are necessary to mitigate the growing burden of hypertension.展开更多
This paper proposes a model-based control framework for vehicle platooning systems with secondorder nonlinear dynamics operating over switching signed networks,time-varying delays,and deception attacks.The study inclu...This paper proposes a model-based control framework for vehicle platooning systems with secondorder nonlinear dynamics operating over switching signed networks,time-varying delays,and deception attacks.The study includes two configurations:a leaderless structure using Finite-Time Non-Singular Terminal Bipartite Consensus(FNTBC)and Fixed-Time Bipartite Consensus(FXTBC),and a leader—follower structure ensuring structural balance and robustness against deceptive signals.In the leaderless model,a bipartite controller based on impulsive control theory,gauge transformation,and Markovian switching Lyapunov functions ensures mean-square stability and coordination under deception attacks and communication delays.The FNTBC achieves finite-time convergence depending on initial conditions,while the FXTBC guarantees fixed-time convergence independent of them,providing adaptability to different operating states.In the leader—follower case,a discontinuous impulsive control law synchronizes all followers with the leader despite deceptive attacks and switching topologies,maintaining robust coordination through nonlinear corrective mechanisms.To validate the approach,simulations are conducted on systems of five and seventeen vehicles in both leaderless and leader—follower configurations.The results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves rapid consensus,strong robustness,and high resistance to deception attacks,offering a secure and scalable model-based control solution for modern vehicular communication networks.展开更多
We prove that for a smooth convex body K⊂ℝ^(d),d≥2,with positive Gauss curvature,its homothety with a certain associated convex body implies that K is either a ball or an ellipsoid,depending on the associated body co...We prove that for a smooth convex body K⊂ℝ^(d),d≥2,with positive Gauss curvature,its homothety with a certain associated convex body implies that K is either a ball or an ellipsoid,depending on the associated body considered.展开更多
Modeling the boundary layer flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids is important for understanding and optimizing their thermal performance,particularly in applications where enhanced heat transfer and fluid dynamics are es...Modeling the boundary layer flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids is important for understanding and optimizing their thermal performance,particularly in applications where enhanced heat transfer and fluid dynamics are essential.This study numerically investigates the boundary layer flow of alumina-copper-silver/water nanofluid over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet,incorporating both first and second-order velocity slip.The mathematical model is solved in MATLAB facilitated by the bvp4c function that employs the finite difference scheme and Lobatto IIIa formula.The solver successfully generates dual solutions for the model,and further analysis is conducted to assess their stability.The findings reported that only one of the solutions is stable.For the shrinking sheet case,increasing the first-order velocity slip delays boundary layer separation and enhances heat transfer,while,when the sheet is stretched,the second-order velocity slip accelerates separation and improves heat transfer.Boundary layer separation is most likely to occur when the sheet is shrinking;however,this can be controlled by adjusting the velocity slip with the inclusion of boundary layer suction.展开更多
In this article,we explain how the famous Archimedes’principle of flotation can be used to construct various floating bodies.We survey some of the most important results regarding the floating bodies,including their ...In this article,we explain how the famous Archimedes’principle of flotation can be used to construct various floating bodies.We survey some of the most important results regarding the floating bodies,including their relations with affine surface area and projection body,their extensions in different settings such as space forms and log-concave functions,and mention some associated open problems.展开更多
Janus vesicles,unique nanostructures,have attracted significant attention for their diverse applications in biomedical and microfluidic systems.In practical micro-nano systems,flow and electric fields often coexist,an...Janus vesicles,unique nanostructures,have attracted significant attention for their diverse applications in biomedical and microfluidic systems.In practical micro-nano systems,flow and electric fields often coexist,and the perforation dynamics of Janus vesicles exhibit complex motion due to their synergistic effects.Studying Janus vesicle perforation dynamics under the combined influence of fluid flow and electric fields provides valuable insights into their applications in drug delivery,catalyst delivery,and controlled release.This study focuses on the perforation dynamics and directional motion of Janus vesicles in microchannels,emphasizing how electric field strength and charge distribution on the membrane influence vesicle migration,deformation,and trajectories.Results show that when electromagnetic forces and flow-driven forces align,increasing electric field strength promotes vesicle migration and perforation.Vesicle migration is correlated with charge distribution on the membrane,with broader distributions resulting in more pronounced migration.When electric field strength remains constant,charge distribution has little effect on vesicle deformation.Conversely,when electromagnetic forces and flow-driven forces oppose,increasing electric field strength inhibits vesicle migration.At a specific potential difference,charged vesicles cease movement before reaching the perforation site,indicating the critical potential for perforation.The study also reveals that the direction of the electric field significantly affects vesicle migration direction.Adjusting potential values at microchannel boundaries can control the directional movement of Janus vesicles.This research provides new insights into Janus vesicle behavior in complex environments and deepens understanding of their potential as drug carriers for delivery and targeted therapy.展开更多
The evaluation and assessment of network security is a decision-making(DM)problem that occurs in an environment with multiple criteria,which have uncertainty,bipolarity,and extra-related information.The traditional ap...The evaluation and assessment of network security is a decision-making(DM)problem that occurs in an environment with multiple criteria,which have uncertainty,bipolarity,and extra-related information.The traditional approaches fail to address the need to acquire a wide range of information for the assessment,especially in situations where the criteria have both positive and negative aspects and contain extra fuzzy information.Therefore,in this manuscript,we aim to introduce a DM approach based on the concept of bipolar complex fuzzy(BCF)Yager aggregation operators(AOs).The related properties of these aggregation operators(AOs)are also discussed.Moreover,in this article,we diagnose the Yager operations in the setting of BCF.The basic idea of the interpreted operators and DM approach is to access the problem linked with the network security that is to evaluate and select the finest network security control and network security protocols for protecting and safeguarding the network of any organization or home(case studies).Finally,to exhibit the supremacy and success of the described theory,we examine them with the prevailing theories.展开更多
Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on th...Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on this paradigm,recent developments have introduced a novel class of black holes within the VEG framework,revealing intriguing connections between apparent dark matter effects and the distribution of baryonic matter.In this study,we delve into the observational signatures of a Simpson–Visser(SV)Minkowski core regular black hole in VEG,focusing on its shadow images and intensity profiles.Our analysis highlights the profound influence of model parameters,including A(governing baryonic matter distribution),B(strength of interaction between apparent dark matter and baryonic matter),and n(characterizing diverse spacetime geometries),on the effective potential and observable properties.Notably,we find that the modifications introduced by these parameters lead to distinct changes in the black hole's shadow size and intensity distribution.Comparing our results to the Reissner–Nordström(RN)black hole,we uncover a striking reduction in the apparent shadow size and an enhancement in intensity for the SV solution in VEG.展开更多
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-RP23066).
文摘This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV infection model has a susceptible class,a recovered class,along with a case of infection divided into three sub-different levels or categories and the recovered class.The total time interval is converted into two,which are further investigated for ordinary and fractional order operators of the AB derivative,respectively.The proposed model is tested separately for unique solutions and existence on bi intervals.The numerical solution of the proposed model is treated by the piece-wise numerical iterative scheme of Newtons Polynomial.The proposed method is established for piece-wise derivatives under natural order and non-singular Mittag-Leffler Law.The cross-over or bending characteristics in the dynamical system of HIV are easily examined by the aspect of this research having a memory effect for controlling the said disease.This study uses the neural network(NN)technique to obtain a better set of weights with low residual errors,and the epochs number is considered 1000.The obtained figures represent the approximate solution and absolute error which are tested with NN to train the data accurately.
文摘Assessing the behaviour and concentration of waste pollutants deposited between two parallel plates is essential for effective environmental management.Determining the effectiveness of treatment methods in reducing pollution scales is made easier by analysing waste discharge concentrations.The waste discharge concentration analysis is useful for assessing how effectively wastewater treatment techniques reduce pollution levels.This study aims to explore the Casson micropolar fluid flow through two parallel plates with the influence of pollutant concentration and thermophoretic particle deposition.To explore the mass and heat transport features,thermophoretic particle deposition and thermal radiation are considered.The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable similarity transformations.The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg’s fourthfifth order technique and shooting procedure are used to solve the reduced set of equations and boundary conditions.The integration of a neural network model based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm serves to improve the accuracy of predictions and optimize the analysis of parameters.Graphical outcomes are displayed to analyze the characteristics of the relevant dimensionless parameters in the current problem.Results reveal that concentration upsurges as the micropolar parameter increases.The concentration reduces with an upsurge in the thermophoretic parameter.An upsurge in the external pollutant source variation and the local pollutant external source parameters enhances mass transport.The surface drag force declines for improved values of porosity and micropolar parameters.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12072340)the Chinese Scholarship Council and the Australia Research Council through a linkage project fund。
文摘The successful application of perimeter control of urban traffic system strongly depends on the macroscopic fundamental diagram of the targeted region.Despite intensive studies on the partitioning of urban road networks,the dynamic partitioning of urban regions reflecting the propagation of congestion remains an open question.This paper proposes to partition the network into homogeneous sub-regions based on random walk algorithm.Starting from selected random walkers,the road network is partitioned from the early morning when congestion emerges.A modified Akaike information criterion is defined to find the optimal number of partitions.Region boundary adjustment algorithms are adopted to optimize the partitioning results to further ensure the correlation of partitions.The traffic data of Melbourne city are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed partitioning method.
基金Supported by the National Science Foundation of China(11901236,12261036)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(21A0328)+2 种基金Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Hunan(2022JJ30469)Young Core Teacher Foundation of Hunan Province([2020]43)Provincial Postgraduate Innovation Foundation of Hunan(CX20221113)。
文摘Weighted exponential distribution W ED(α,λ)with shape parameterαand scale parameterλpossesses some good properties and can be used as a good fit to survival time data compared to other distributions such as gamma,Weibull,or generalized exponential distribution.In this article,we proved the existence and uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimator(MLE)of the parameters of W ED(α,λ)in simple random sampling(SRS)and provided explicit expressions for the Fisher information number in SRS.Moreover,we also proved the existence and uniqueness of the MLE of the parameters of W ED(α,λ)in ranked set sampling(RSS)and provided explicit expressions for the Fisher information number in RSS.Simulation studies show that these MLEs in RSS can be real competitors for those in SRS.
基金funded by Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka,through Fakulti Teknologi dan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal(FTKM)’s publication fund-K23003.
文摘This study investigates the heat transfer and flow dynamics of a ternary hybrid nanofluid comprising alumina,copper,and silica/titania nanoparticles dispersed in water.The analysis considers the effects of suction,magnetic field,and Joule heating over a permeable shrinking disk.Amathematicalmodel is developed and converted to a systemof differential equations using similarity transformation which then,solved numerically using the bvp4c solver in Matlab software.The study introduces a novel comparative analysis of alumina-copper-silica and alumina-coppertitania nanofluids,revealing distinct thermal conductivity behaviors and identifying critical suction values necessary for flow stabilization.Dual solutions are found within a specific range of parameters such that the minimum required suction values for flow stability,with S_(c)=1.2457 for alumina-copper-silica/water and S_(c)=1.2351 for alumina-coppertitania/water.The results indicate that increasing suction by 1%enhances the skin friction coefficient by up to 4.17%and improves heat transfer efficiency by approximately 1%,highlighting its crucial role in stabilizing the opposing flow induced by the shrinking disk.Additionally,the inclusion of 1%silica nanoparticles reduces both skin friction and heat transfer rate by approximately 0.28%and 0.85%,respectively,while 1%titania concentration increases skin friction by 3.02%but results in a slight heat transfer loss of up to 0.61%.These findings confirm the superior thermal performance of alumina-copper-titania/water,making it a promising candidate for enhanced cooling systems,energy-efficient heat exchangers,and industrial thermal management applications.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2501).
文摘The numerical approximation of stochastic partial differential equations(SPDEs),particularly those including q-diffusion,poses considerable challenges due to the requirements for high-order precision,stability amongst random perturbations,and processing efficiency.Because of their simplicity,conventional numerical techniques like the Euler-Maruyama method are frequently employed to solve stochastic differential equations;nonetheless,they may have low-order accuracy and lower stability in stiff or high-resolution situations.This study proposes a novel computational scheme for solving SPDEs arising from a stochastic SEIR model with q-diffusion and a general incidence rate function.A proposed computational scheme can be used to solve stochastic partial differential equations.For spatial discretization,a compact scheme is chosen.The compact scheme can provide a sixth-order accurate solution.The proposed scheme can be considered an extension of the Euler Maruyama method.Stability and consistency in the mean square sense are also provided.For application purposes,the stochastic SEIR model is considered using q-diffusion effects.The scheme is used to solve the stochastic model and compared with the Euler-Maruyama method.The scheme is also compared with nonstandard finite difference method for solving deterministic models.In both cases,it performs better than existing schemes.Incorporating q-diffusion further enhanced the model’s ability to represent realistic spatial-temporal disease dynamics,especially in scenarios where classical diffusion is insufficient.
基金the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFE0125900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12372008 and 12102234)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(No.YQ2022A008)Taif University,Saudi Arabia,for supporting this work through Project number(TU-DSPP-2024-73).
文摘This paper analyzes the nonlinear dynamic characteristics and stability of Aero-Engine Dual-Rotor(AEDR)systems under high-frequency excitation,based on the Adaptive Harmonic Balance with the Asymptotic Harmonic Selection(AHB-AHS)method.A finite element dynamic equation for the AEDR system is introduced,considering complex nonlinearities of the intershaft bearing,unbalanced excitations,and high-frequency excitation.A solving strategy combining the AHB-AHS method and improved arclength continuation method is proposed to solve highdimensional dynamic equations containing complex nonlinearities and to track periodic solutions with parameter variations.The Floquet theory is used to analyze the types of bifurcation points in the system and the stability of periodic motions.The results indicate that high-frequency excitation can couple high-order and low-order modes,especially when the system undergoes superharmonic resonance.High-frequency excitation leads to more combination frequency harmonics,among which N_(f)ω_(1)-2ω_(2)dominates.Furthermore,changing the parameters(amplitude and frequency)of high-frequency excitation widens or shifts the unstable regions of the system.These findings contribute to understanding the mechanism of high-frequency excitation on aero-engines and demonstrate that the proposed AHB-AHS method is a powerful tool for analyzing highdimensional complex nonlinear dynamic systems under multi-frequency excitation.
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-DDRSP2503).
文摘This study outlines a quantitative and data-driven study of the mixed convection heat transfer processes that concern Cu-water nanofluids in a I-shaped enclosure with one to five rotating cylinders.The dimensionless equations of mass,momentum,and energy are solved using the finite element method as implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics 6.3 software in different rotating Reynolds numbers and cylinder geometries.An artificial Neural Network that is trained using Bayesian Regularization on data produced by the COMSOL is utilized to estimate the average Nusselt numbers.The analysis is conducted for a wide range of rotational Reynolds numbers(Re_(w)=0-100),with the fixed Prandtl number.Results are presented in terms of streamline patterns,isotherm contours,and Nusselt numbers to assess heat transfer behavior.Findings revealed that increasing the number of cylinders and optimizing their placement significantly enhances convective mixing and thermal transport.The ANN model accurately predicts the Nusselt numbers across all configurations with negligible errors.Among all configurations,the third arrangement in Scenario 5 exhibits the highest heat transfer rates,attributed to intensified vortex interaction and reduced thermal resistance.Artificial neural networks and finite element-based models will be of great value to the design of miniature and energy-efficient enclosures and electronics cooling mechanisms that make use of nanofluids.
基金supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research,Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research,King Faisal University,Saudi Arabia[Grant No.KFU252959].
文摘Malaria is a significant global health challenge.This devastating disease continues to affect millions,especially in tropical regions.It is caused by Plasmodium parasites transmitted by female Anopheles mosquitoes.This study introduces a nonlinear mathematical model for examining the transmission dynamics of malaria,incorporating both human and mosquito populations.We aim to identify the key factors driving the endemic spread of malaria,determine feasible solutions,and provide insights that lead to the development of effective prevention and management strategies.We derive the basic reproductive number employing the next-generation matrix approach and identify the disease-free and endemic equilibrium points.Stability analyses indicate that the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally stable when the reproductive number is below one,whereas an endemic equilibrium persists when this threshold is exceeded.Sensitivity analysis identifies the most influential mosquito-related parameters,particularly the bite rate and mosquito mortality,in controlling the spread of malaria.Furthermore,we extend our model to include a treatment compartment and three disease-preventive control variables such as antimalaria drug treatments,use of larvicides,and the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets for optimal control analysis.The results show that optimal use of mosquito nets,use of larvicides for mosquito population control,and treatment can lower the basic reproduction number and control malaria transmission with minimal intervention costs.The analysis of disease control strategies and findings offers valuable information for policymakers in designing cost-effective strategies to combat malaria.
文摘Peristaltic transport of non-Newtonian nanofluids with double diffusion is essential to biological engineering,microfluidics,and manufacturing processes.The authors tackle the key problem of Sisko nanofluids under double diffusion convection with thermal radiations and electroosmotic effects.Thestudy proposes a solution approach by using Morlet-Wavelet Neural Networks that can effectively solve this complex problem by their superior ability in the capture of nonlinear dynamics.These convergence analyses were calculated across fifty independent runs.Theil’s Inequality Coefficient and theMean Squared Error values range from 10^(-7) to 10^(-5) and 10^(-7) to 10^(-10),respectively.These values showed the proposed method is scientifically reliable and fast converging.Studies reveal that the intensity of the magnetic field causes a reduction in the flow velocity profile in the center of the channel.It is also evaluated that thermal radiations enhance the energy of the system,which promotes thermally induced diffusion and particle flow.The physical applications of this work pertain to improving fluid flow and heat transfer in engineering structures like converters or cooling devices or magnetic fluids in electronics,energy,and biomedical applications,where optimal control of fluid behavior is of paramount importance.
文摘Spillover of trypanosomiasis parasites from wildlife to domestic livestock and humans remains a major challenge world over.With the disease targeted for elimination by 2030,assessing the impact of control strategies in communities where there are human-cattle-wildlife interactions is therefore essential.A compartmental framework incorporating tsetse flies,humans,cattle,wildlife and various disease control strategies is developed and analyzed.The reproduction is derived and its sensitivity to different model parameters is investigated.Meanwhile,the optimal control theory is used to identify a combination of control strategies capable of minimizing the infected human and cattle population over time at minimal costs of implementation.The results indicates that tsetse fly mortality rate is strongly and negatively correlated to the reproduction number.It is also established that tsetse fly feeding rate in strongly and positively correlated to the reproduction number.Simulation results indicates that time dependent control strategies can significantly reduce the infections.Overall,the study shows that screening and treatment of humans may not lead to disease elimination.Combining this strategy with other strategies such as screening and treatment of cattle and vector control strategies will result in maximum reduction of tsetse fly population and disease elimination.
文摘This paper aims to develop non-interacting ghost dark energy and generalized ghost dark energy models within the framework of f(Q)theory using the correspondence scheme.We use pressureless matter and a power-law scale factor.The cosmic implications of the resulting models are studied through the equation of state parameter and the phase planes.We also check the stability of the reconstructed models through the squared speed of sound parameter.The equation of state parameter exhibits a phantom era,the(ωD-ω'D)-plane indicates a freezing region,while the(r-s)-plane corresponds to the Chaplygin gas model for both models.It is also found that only the generalized ghost dark energy model remains stable throughout cosmic evolution.We conclude that our findings align well with current observational data.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant NO:81930092 and 81973128)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant NO:23230042151)+1 种基金Science and Technology Innovation Team Support Plan of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(Grant NO:21IRTSTHN029)the Foundation of National Key Program of Research and Development of China(Grant No:2016YFC0900803).
文摘Objective To investigate hypertension(HTN)trends,key risk factors,and gender disparities in rural China,and to propose targeted strategies for improving HTN control in resource-limited settings.Methods This longitudinal study used data from the Henan Rural Cohort Study,including baseline(2015–2017;n=39,224)and follow-up(2018–2022;n=28,621)participants.HTN was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg,self-reported diagnosis,or use of antihypertensive medication.Severity was classified using a 7-tier blood pressure(BP)staging system(optimal,normal,high normal,and HTN stages 1–4).A generalized linear mixed-effects model(GLMM)identified associated risk factors.Results HTN prevalence increased modestly from 32.7%(95%CI:32.2–33.2)to 33.9%(95%CI:33.3%–34.4%).Awareness and treatment improved from 20.1%to 25.3%,and from 18.8%to 24.4%,respectively,but control rates remained low(6.2%to 12.3%).After adjustment,women had a 1.53-fold higher HTN risk than men(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.43–1.63),revealing gender-specific trends.Key risk factors included alcohol use(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.27–1.47)and overweight status(OR=1.76,95%CI:1.66–1.86).BP staging showed an increase in optimal BP(42.3%to 45.8%),but stagnant management of advanced HTN stages.Conclusion Hypertension in rural China is shaped by behavioral risk factors and healthcare access gaps.Gender-sensitive,community-based interventions,including task-shifting models,are necessary to mitigate the growing burden of hypertension.
基金Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP.2/103/46”Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through project number“NBU-FFR-2025-871-15”funding from Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University project number(PSAU/2025/R/1447).
文摘This paper proposes a model-based control framework for vehicle platooning systems with secondorder nonlinear dynamics operating over switching signed networks,time-varying delays,and deception attacks.The study includes two configurations:a leaderless structure using Finite-Time Non-Singular Terminal Bipartite Consensus(FNTBC)and Fixed-Time Bipartite Consensus(FXTBC),and a leader—follower structure ensuring structural balance and robustness against deceptive signals.In the leaderless model,a bipartite controller based on impulsive control theory,gauge transformation,and Markovian switching Lyapunov functions ensures mean-square stability and coordination under deception attacks and communication delays.The FNTBC achieves finite-time convergence depending on initial conditions,while the FXTBC guarantees fixed-time convergence independent of them,providing adaptability to different operating states.In the leader—follower case,a discontinuous impulsive control law synchronizes all followers with the leader despite deceptive attacks and switching topologies,maintaining robust coordination through nonlinear corrective mechanisms.To validate the approach,simulations are conducted on systems of five and seventeen vehicles in both leaderless and leader—follower configurations.The results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves rapid consensus,strong robustness,and high resistance to deception attacks,offering a secure and scalable model-based control solution for modern vehicular communication networks.
文摘We prove that for a smooth convex body K⊂ℝ^(d),d≥2,with positive Gauss curvature,its homothety with a certain associated convex body implies that K is either a ball or an ellipsoid,depending on the associated body considered.
基金The authors acknowledged Universiti Putra Malaysia for the Putra Grant that was received(GP-IPM 9787700)supported by Grant PN-III-P4-PCE-2021-0993,UEFISCDI,Romania.
文摘Modeling the boundary layer flow of ternary hybrid nanofluids is important for understanding and optimizing their thermal performance,particularly in applications where enhanced heat transfer and fluid dynamics are essential.This study numerically investigates the boundary layer flow of alumina-copper-silver/water nanofluid over a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet,incorporating both first and second-order velocity slip.The mathematical model is solved in MATLAB facilitated by the bvp4c function that employs the finite difference scheme and Lobatto IIIa formula.The solver successfully generates dual solutions for the model,and further analysis is conducted to assess their stability.The findings reported that only one of the solutions is stable.For the shrinking sheet case,increasing the first-order velocity slip delays boundary layer separation and enhances heat transfer,while,when the sheet is stretched,the second-order velocity slip accelerates separation and improves heat transfer.Boundary layer separation is most likely to occur when the sheet is shrinking;however,this can be controlled by adjusting the velocity slip with the inclusion of boundary layer suction.
基金supported by the Research Funding of Wuhan Polytechnic University(2024RZ083)Elisabeth M.Werner’s work was supported by the NSF grant DMS-2103482.Deping Ye’s work was supported by an NSERC grant,Canada.Ning Zhang’s work was supported by the NSF of China(11901217,11971005).
文摘In this article,we explain how the famous Archimedes’principle of flotation can be used to construct various floating bodies.We survey some of the most important results regarding the floating bodies,including their relations with affine surface area and projection body,their extensions in different settings such as space forms and log-concave functions,and mention some associated open problems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2247030172)。
文摘Janus vesicles,unique nanostructures,have attracted significant attention for their diverse applications in biomedical and microfluidic systems.In practical micro-nano systems,flow and electric fields often coexist,and the perforation dynamics of Janus vesicles exhibit complex motion due to their synergistic effects.Studying Janus vesicle perforation dynamics under the combined influence of fluid flow and electric fields provides valuable insights into their applications in drug delivery,catalyst delivery,and controlled release.This study focuses on the perforation dynamics and directional motion of Janus vesicles in microchannels,emphasizing how electric field strength and charge distribution on the membrane influence vesicle migration,deformation,and trajectories.Results show that when electromagnetic forces and flow-driven forces align,increasing electric field strength promotes vesicle migration and perforation.Vesicle migration is correlated with charge distribution on the membrane,with broader distributions resulting in more pronounced migration.When electric field strength remains constant,charge distribution has little effect on vesicle deformation.Conversely,when electromagnetic forces and flow-driven forces oppose,increasing electric field strength inhibits vesicle migration.At a specific potential difference,charged vesicles cease movement before reaching the perforation site,indicating the critical potential for perforation.The study also reveals that the direction of the electric field significantly affects vesicle migration direction.Adjusting potential values at microchannel boundaries can control the directional movement of Janus vesicles.This research provides new insights into Janus vesicle behavior in complex environments and deepens understanding of their potential as drug carriers for delivery and targeted therapy.
基金funded by Ongoing Research Funding Program(Grant OR-‐2025-749),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The evaluation and assessment of network security is a decision-making(DM)problem that occurs in an environment with multiple criteria,which have uncertainty,bipolarity,and extra-related information.The traditional approaches fail to address the need to acquire a wide range of information for the assessment,especially in situations where the criteria have both positive and negative aspects and contain extra fuzzy information.Therefore,in this manuscript,we aim to introduce a DM approach based on the concept of bipolar complex fuzzy(BCF)Yager aggregation operators(AOs).The related properties of these aggregation operators(AOs)are also discussed.Moreover,in this article,we diagnose the Yager operations in the setting of BCF.The basic idea of the interpreted operators and DM approach is to access the problem linked with the network security that is to evaluate and select the finest network security control and network security protocols for protecting and safeguarding the network of any organization or home(case studies).Finally,to exhibit the supremacy and success of the described theory,we examine them with the prevailing theories.
基金the Deanship of Research and Graduate Studies at King Khalid University for funding this work through Large Research Project under grant number RGP2/333/46。
文摘Verlinde's emergent gravity(VEG)posits that gravity arises as an emergent phenomenon rooted in the entropic properties of spacetime,challenging the traditional view of gravity as a fundamental force.Building on this paradigm,recent developments have introduced a novel class of black holes within the VEG framework,revealing intriguing connections between apparent dark matter effects and the distribution of baryonic matter.In this study,we delve into the observational signatures of a Simpson–Visser(SV)Minkowski core regular black hole in VEG,focusing on its shadow images and intensity profiles.Our analysis highlights the profound influence of model parameters,including A(governing baryonic matter distribution),B(strength of interaction between apparent dark matter and baryonic matter),and n(characterizing diverse spacetime geometries),on the effective potential and observable properties.Notably,we find that the modifications introduced by these parameters lead to distinct changes in the black hole's shadow size and intensity distribution.Comparing our results to the Reissner–Nordström(RN)black hole,we uncover a striking reduction in the apparent shadow size and an enhancement in intensity for the SV solution in VEG.
