This paper aims to provide the historical and conceptual bases underlying the inclusionary transition of European innovation policy,and critical analysis of the difficulties relating to the political nature of this tr...This paper aims to provide the historical and conceptual bases underlying the inclusionary transition of European innovation policy,and critical analysis of the difficulties relating to the political nature of this transition.In the 50s and 60s of last century,linear innovation models operated on the basis of a clear division of roles among the different actors in innovation and fundamentally economistic‐based strategies.The following decades saw innovation policies progressively recognize the multi‐dimensional and complex nature of innovation and the need to make adjustments,but always in explicit response to the competitiveness imperative.More recent RRI(Responsible Research and Innovation)strategy within the European Union,in contrast,demands opening up the whole innovation process(including values and motivations)to collective decision,i.e.,approaching responsible innovation as inclusive innovation.This paper appraises this important development primarily on the basis of in‐depth analysis of the main policy literature on innovation,and also on the grounds of related academic literature.As a result,we conclude that the bid for collaboration models cohabits constitutively with another set of dynamics aimed at strengthening centralized and prescriptive forms of innovation.In other words,that inclusionary or political eagerness represented through RRI must grapple with the strategic imperative of competitiveness and economic development.Hence,fundamental tension exists,which should be elucidated in light of the objectives,demands and considerations that are integrated,and cease to be integrated,in innovation dynamics and trajectories.展开更多
The current cross-cultural study examined the construct of workaholism across European and Asian cultures during the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).A total of 2,617 recipients,aged 18-80 years f...The current cross-cultural study examined the construct of workaholism across European and Asian cultures during the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).A total of 2,617 recipients,aged 18-80 years from three Asian countries(China,India,and Indonesia)with higher levels of collectivistic values,and three European countries(Bulgaria,Germany,and Hungary)supposing to have higher individualistic values.The participants completed the online version of the two-dimensional measure,dubbed the Dutch Workaholism Scale(DUWAS).The goal of the study was to demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic,it is the cultural context that mediates and influences the way of change in workaholics’attitudes.The results led to the conclusion that the way in which the COVID-19 crisis affects workaholism and workaholics’behavior depends on cultural and sex differences,and stages of the human life cycle.The data analysis revealed that cultural differences and sex affect the configuration of workaholism(excessive/compulsive):in the Asian sample,unlike the European,there was a significant increase in the level of workaholism compulsive;European female participants reported higher levels of workaholism compulsive and workaholism excessive,but the sex difference was not found in Asian sample.Along with cultural context,and sex differences,age also influences the configuration of workaholism.In this case,the separate stages of the human life cycle contribute in different ways to changes in levels of workaholism excessive and workaholism compulsive.展开更多
基金This paper is based on research supported by the Basque Government’s Department of Education,Language Policy and Culture under grant IT644‐13the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund under grant FFI2015‐69792‐R+1 种基金the University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU under grant EHUA15/13(Rodríguez).The authors would like to thank anonymous reviewers for helpful feedback and constructive criticism of an earlier versionAny limitations and shortcomings of the work remain the responsibility of the authors。
文摘This paper aims to provide the historical and conceptual bases underlying the inclusionary transition of European innovation policy,and critical analysis of the difficulties relating to the political nature of this transition.In the 50s and 60s of last century,linear innovation models operated on the basis of a clear division of roles among the different actors in innovation and fundamentally economistic‐based strategies.The following decades saw innovation policies progressively recognize the multi‐dimensional and complex nature of innovation and the need to make adjustments,but always in explicit response to the competitiveness imperative.More recent RRI(Responsible Research and Innovation)strategy within the European Union,in contrast,demands opening up the whole innovation process(including values and motivations)to collective decision,i.e.,approaching responsible innovation as inclusive innovation.This paper appraises this important development primarily on the basis of in‐depth analysis of the main policy literature on innovation,and also on the grounds of related academic literature.As a result,we conclude that the bid for collaboration models cohabits constitutively with another set of dynamics aimed at strengthening centralized and prescriptive forms of innovation.In other words,that inclusionary or political eagerness represented through RRI must grapple with the strategic imperative of competitiveness and economic development.Hence,fundamental tension exists,which should be elucidated in light of the objectives,demands and considerations that are integrated,and cease to be integrated,in innovation dynamics and trajectories.
文摘The current cross-cultural study examined the construct of workaholism across European and Asian cultures during the pandemic caused by coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).A total of 2,617 recipients,aged 18-80 years from three Asian countries(China,India,and Indonesia)with higher levels of collectivistic values,and three European countries(Bulgaria,Germany,and Hungary)supposing to have higher individualistic values.The participants completed the online version of the two-dimensional measure,dubbed the Dutch Workaholism Scale(DUWAS).The goal of the study was to demonstrate that during the COVID-19 pandemic,it is the cultural context that mediates and influences the way of change in workaholics’attitudes.The results led to the conclusion that the way in which the COVID-19 crisis affects workaholism and workaholics’behavior depends on cultural and sex differences,and stages of the human life cycle.The data analysis revealed that cultural differences and sex affect the configuration of workaholism(excessive/compulsive):in the Asian sample,unlike the European,there was a significant increase in the level of workaholism compulsive;European female participants reported higher levels of workaholism compulsive and workaholism excessive,but the sex difference was not found in Asian sample.Along with cultural context,and sex differences,age also influences the configuration of workaholism.In this case,the separate stages of the human life cycle contribute in different ways to changes in levels of workaholism excessive and workaholism compulsive.
