Nowadays the fast economic development has brought about serious conflicts between the limited land resources and the increasing land demand in Chuzhou City. The changes of land use structure also restrict economic de...Nowadays the fast economic development has brought about serious conflicts between the limited land resources and the increasing land demand in Chuzhou City. The changes of land use structure also restrict economic development and society progress in this area. Because different cities have different functional localization, the city area and each county (city) have formed characteristic land utilization structure. It is of great significance to make rational use of land resources and ensure the sustainable use of land resources by analyzing the variation of land use structure in the city area and each county (city) in Chuzhou City. Based on the data of land use modification of Chuzhou City from 1996 to 2005 and adopting the quantitative analysis of landscape ecology, this paper studies quantitatively the temporal division of regional land use structure and its dynamic changes. The results indicate that: (1) this method can reveal the law of the variation; (2) the variation of land use structure in Chuzhou City: increasing diversification, evenness and heterogeneity; (3) the intensity of change in land use from 1996 to 2005 in the city appeared in the sequence: grass land > traffic land > garden land > virgin land > forest land > industrial and residential land > cultivated land > other agricultural land > water facility land; (4) there were remarkable differences between the city area and each county (city) in the relative change and the land use structure change from 1996 to 2005. This paper analyzes the variation of land use structure in Chuzhou City, and finally proposes related countermeasures and suggestions.展开更多
It is the major purpose of the paper to present the urban land-banking planning and its functions of promoting the urban land-banking system and land use administration.The urban land-banking system has the potential ...It is the major purpose of the paper to present the urban land-banking planning and its functions of promoting the urban land-banking system and land use administration.The urban land-banking system has the potential attribute of acting as an irreplaceable role in urban land administration,but its unexpected function-deviation has impacted its implementation effect in China.A few city governments are attempting to deal with the problem by the urban land-banking planning which is expected to contribute to the extension of urban function,optimization of urban patterns,promotion of urban core competitiveness and overall construction of the urban value chain.In this paper,we primarily discuss the necessity,functions,purposes and main contents of the urban land-banking planning.Subsequently,the implementing situation of the urban land-banking system in Nan- jing is analyzed,including its integrated mode,spatio-temporal quantitative distribution and main characteristics.Finally,the background and targets including total,compositions,space,and regulation points are gradually introduced to present the Nanjing land-banking planning version 2.展开更多
By using geography quantitative methods and Arc GIS,the spatial distribution characteristics,types,rules and influencing factors of 20 representative rural tourism attractions in Yangzhou City were analyzed.The result...By using geography quantitative methods and Arc GIS,the spatial distribution characteristics,types,rules and influencing factors of 20 representative rural tourism attractions in Yangzhou City were analyzed.The results show that the traffic accessibility of various regions in Yangzhou City correlated positively with the spacial distribution of rural tourist attractions in quantity in these regions.The rural tourist attractions were dense in regions 10-20 km away from the center of the city;there was only one rural tourist attraction in regions 40-70 km away from the center of the city;some big rural tourist attractions were distributed in regions 70-90 km away from the center of the city;market orientation influenced the spatial distribution of the rural tourist attractions obviously.In regions 0-30 km away from the center of the city,most rural tourist attractions mainly provided recreation and entertainment services for tourists;in regions more than 70 km away from the center of the city,most rural tourist attractions mainly provided health and recuperation services for tourists;in regions 30-50 km away from the center of the city,the service functions of the rural tourist attractions were compound and diversified.展开更多
Studying the process and characteristics of urban land change in different phases of urbanization and different economic development is much important for understanding urban land change and management at a macro leve...Studying the process and characteristics of urban land change in different phases of urbanization and different economic development is much important for understanding urban land change and management at a macro level.Taking the example of Jiangsu Province,the present paper studied the correlation between urban land change process and socioeconomic development from 1981 to 2003 on the basis of statistical data.The results showed the following three aspects.First,urban land area has changed periodically and the research duration can be divided into two periods:from 1981 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2003.In each period,the changing trend is the same,i.e.slow at first and then quick.Studying from the comprehensive change status,the characteristic of fluctuant change is significant with three acute change pinnacles in 1988,1991 and 2002 which were corresponded to turning point years of economic development phases of Jiangsu Province respectively.Second,the synchronization between urban land change and urbanization level change is not strict.With the evolution of urbanization phases,the change pace of urbanization level increased remarkably,but urban land change rate did not increase significantly accordingly.Third,the area of urban land has exponentially increased with the increase of per capita GDP.In different economic development levels classified by per capital GDP,land resource cost for economic development is different,respectively 29.01 hm2,26.34 hm2,26.22 hm2,and 11.14 hm2 for the increase of 100 million RMB GDP when the per capita GDP is under 1000,1000–2000,2000–5000 and over 5000 RMB.展开更多
World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (C...World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method.展开更多
Humans and livestock have always dwelling together, especially in rural areas. Based on a multi-method approach of ethnographic fieldwork, grounded theory and one-way multivariate analysis of variance, this paper expl...Humans and livestock have always dwelling together, especially in rural areas. Based on a multi-method approach of ethnographic fieldwork, grounded theory and one-way multivariate analysis of variance, this paper explores human and livestock dwelling. The findings show that human and livestock dwelling form a special type of human dwelling place, with forms defined as co-, mix-and dis-dwelling. Then, from co-, mix-to dis-dwelling constructed a story line to the evolution of human and livestock dwelling forms, which further explains the entire dwelling situation of humans and livestock, including the dimensions of human dweller, livestock dweller, the rural environment and special events. Among co-, mix-and dis-dwelling significant differences existed between human and livestock individuals, the nature of rural environment, vernacularity and rural tourism development. Between co-and dis-dwelling, significant differences existed in seventeen aspects; between mix-and dis-dwelling, significant differences existed in eleven aspects; meanwhile, no significant differences existed between co-and mix-dwelling. Accordingly, this suggested that human and livestock dwelling forms can be divided into mix-and dis-dwelling. This study on humans and livestock dwelling relationship offer a new perspective on rural and animal geography. This paper is an exploratory foray into rural dwelling geography as part of the Anthrozoology study and broadens the scope of extant scholarship on human dwelling morphology, as well as analyses the spatial relationships between human and livestock dwelling.展开更多
Hyper-spectral data is widely used to determine soil properties. However, few studies have explored the soil spectral characteristics as response to soil erosion. This study analysed the spectral response of different...Hyper-spectral data is widely used to determine soil properties. However, few studies have explored the soil spectral characteristics as response to soil erosion. This study analysed the spectral response of different eroded soils in subtropical China, and then identify the spectral characteristics and soil properties that better discriminate softs with different erosion degrees. Two methods were compared： direct identification by inherent spectral characteristics and indirect identification by predictions of critical soft properties. Results showed that the spectral curves for different degrees of erosion were similar in morphology, while overall reflectance and characteristics of specific absorption peaks were different. When the first method is applied, some differences among different eroded groups were found by integration of associated indicators. However, the index of such indicators showed apparent mixing and crossover among different groups, which reduced the accuracy of identification. For the second method, the correlation between critical soil properties, such as soil organic matter （SOM）, iron and aluminium oxides and reflectance spectra, was analysed. The correlation coefficients for the moderate eroded group were primarily between -0.3 to -0.5, which were worse than the other twogroups. However, the maximum value of R2 was obtained as 0.86 and 0.94 for the non-apparent eroded and the severe group. Furthermore, these two groups also showed some differences in the spectral response of iron complex state （Fep）, Aluminium amorphous state （Alo） and the modelling results for soil organic matter （SOM）. The study proved that it is feasible to identify different degrees of soil erosion by hyperspectral data, and that indirect identification by modelling critical soil properties and reflectance spectra is much better than direct identification. These results indicate that hyper-spectral data may represent a promising tool in monitoring and modelling soil erosion.展开更多
At present,water pollutant emission trading plays an increasingly important role in pollution control in many foreign countries,and its pilot studies and demonstration have also been started in China.In order to solve...At present,water pollutant emission trading plays an increasingly important role in pollution control in many foreign countries,and its pilot studies and demonstration have also been started in China.In order to solve the problem of initial allocation of emission permits:premise and basis of emission trading in a river basin,basic principles on initial allocation of actual emission permits in China are put forward.And it is thought that local development stage of industry should be taken into full account for initial allocation model of emission permits.There are five different allocation models in different development stages of industry,including models like distribution according to needs,improved same-rate reduction,performance,integration and environmental capacity,etc.The initial allocation of emission permits in various basins should choose a suitable model in accordance with their respective development stages.It is suggested in this article that integrated allocation model should be a main choice for current development stage of industry in China.展开更多
基金This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40371106, 70341021）.
文摘Nowadays the fast economic development has brought about serious conflicts between the limited land resources and the increasing land demand in Chuzhou City. The changes of land use structure also restrict economic development and society progress in this area. Because different cities have different functional localization, the city area and each county (city) have formed characteristic land utilization structure. It is of great significance to make rational use of land resources and ensure the sustainable use of land resources by analyzing the variation of land use structure in the city area and each county (city) in Chuzhou City. Based on the data of land use modification of Chuzhou City from 1996 to 2005 and adopting the quantitative analysis of landscape ecology, this paper studies quantitatively the temporal division of regional land use structure and its dynamic changes. The results indicate that: (1) this method can reveal the law of the variation; (2) the variation of land use structure in Chuzhou City: increasing diversification, evenness and heterogeneity; (3) the intensity of change in land use from 1996 to 2005 in the city appeared in the sequence: grass land > traffic land > garden land > virgin land > forest land > industrial and residential land > cultivated land > other agricultural land > water facility land; (4) there were remarkable differences between the city area and each county (city) in the relative change and the land use structure change from 1996 to 2005. This paper analyzes the variation of land use structure in Chuzhou City, and finally proposes related countermeasures and suggestions.
文摘It is the major purpose of the paper to present the urban land-banking planning and its functions of promoting the urban land-banking system and land use administration.The urban land-banking system has the potential attribute of acting as an irreplaceable role in urban land administration,but its unexpected function-deviation has impacted its implementation effect in China.A few city governments are attempting to deal with the problem by the urban land-banking planning which is expected to contribute to the extension of urban function,optimization of urban patterns,promotion of urban core competitiveness and overall construction of the urban value chain.In this paper,we primarily discuss the necessity,functions,purposes and main contents of the urban land-banking planning.Subsequently,the implementing situation of the urban land-banking system in Nan- jing is analyzed,including its integrated mode,spatio-temporal quantitative distribution and main characteristics.Finally,the background and targets including total,compositions,space,and regulation points are gradually introduced to present the Nanjing land-banking planning version 2.
基金Sponsored by Science Foundation for Young Scholars of Hunan Agricultural University(14QN25)
文摘By using geography quantitative methods and Arc GIS,the spatial distribution characteristics,types,rules and influencing factors of 20 representative rural tourism attractions in Yangzhou City were analyzed.The results show that the traffic accessibility of various regions in Yangzhou City correlated positively with the spacial distribution of rural tourist attractions in quantity in these regions.The rural tourist attractions were dense in regions 10-20 km away from the center of the city;there was only one rural tourist attraction in regions 40-70 km away from the center of the city;some big rural tourist attractions were distributed in regions 70-90 km away from the center of the city;market orientation influenced the spatial distribution of the rural tourist attractions obviously.In regions 0-30 km away from the center of the city,most rural tourist attractions mainly provided recreation and entertainment services for tourists;in regions more than 70 km away from the center of the city,most rural tourist attractions mainly provided health and recuperation services for tourists;in regions 30-50 km away from the center of the city,the service functions of the rural tourist attractions were compound and diversified.
文摘Studying the process and characteristics of urban land change in different phases of urbanization and different economic development is much important for understanding urban land change and management at a macro level.Taking the example of Jiangsu Province,the present paper studied the correlation between urban land change process and socioeconomic development from 1981 to 2003 on the basis of statistical data.The results showed the following three aspects.First,urban land area has changed periodically and the research duration can be divided into two periods:from 1981 to 1994 and from 1995 to 2003.In each period,the changing trend is the same,i.e.slow at first and then quick.Studying from the comprehensive change status,the characteristic of fluctuant change is significant with three acute change pinnacles in 1988,1991 and 2002 which were corresponded to turning point years of economic development phases of Jiangsu Province respectively.Second,the synchronization between urban land change and urbanization level change is not strict.With the evolution of urbanization phases,the change pace of urbanization level increased remarkably,but urban land change rate did not increase significantly accordingly.Third,the area of urban land has exponentially increased with the increase of per capita GDP.In different economic development levels classified by per capital GDP,land resource cost for economic development is different,respectively 29.01 hm2,26.34 hm2,26.22 hm2,and 11.14 hm2 for the increase of 100 million RMB GDP when the per capita GDP is under 1000,1000–2000,2000–5000 and over 5000 RMB.
基金Under the auspices of Sino-British Fellowship by the British Academy (No. SG-47266)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40371030)
文摘World heritage possesses various kinds of use value and non-use value. Measuring the recreational value of world heritage sites is a key issue in the heritage tourism. This paper employs Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), which is an evaluation instrument on the basis of tourists′ attitude and preference, to measure the recreational value of Jiuzhaigou, one of the World Natural Heritage sites in China, and analyzes the biases in the survey. The results show that: 1) In 2009, Jiuzhaigou′s recreational value was 3.46×108 yuan (RMB), and the per capita Willingness to Pay (WTP) was 137.31 yuan by CVM. Compared with the results of other methods, this result is significantly low. 2) Among the factors that influence Jiuzhaigou tourists′ WTP, psychological perception factors have the greatest effect while demographic and socio-economic characteristics have a small effect on WTP. 3) The virtuality in CVM creates biases both from CVM itself and in the procedures that CVM was implemented. The former includes hypothetical bias, information bias, protest response bias, and strategic bias; and the latter includes the questionnaire design, population and sample definition, sampling and data processing. The paper analyses those biases and illustrates their potential in-fluences on the accuracy of CVM measurement. 4) Although there are various defects in CVM measurement, it is still an effective valuation method.
基金Under the auspice of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41271161)
文摘Humans and livestock have always dwelling together, especially in rural areas. Based on a multi-method approach of ethnographic fieldwork, grounded theory and one-way multivariate analysis of variance, this paper explores human and livestock dwelling. The findings show that human and livestock dwelling form a special type of human dwelling place, with forms defined as co-, mix-and dis-dwelling. Then, from co-, mix-to dis-dwelling constructed a story line to the evolution of human and livestock dwelling forms, which further explains the entire dwelling situation of humans and livestock, including the dimensions of human dweller, livestock dweller, the rural environment and special events. Among co-, mix-and dis-dwelling significant differences existed between human and livestock individuals, the nature of rural environment, vernacularity and rural tourism development. Between co-and dis-dwelling, significant differences existed in seventeen aspects; between mix-and dis-dwelling, significant differences existed in eleven aspects; meanwhile, no significant differences existed between co-and mix-dwelling. Accordingly, this suggested that human and livestock dwelling forms can be divided into mix-and dis-dwelling. This study on humans and livestock dwelling relationship offer a new perspective on rural and animal geography. This paper is an exploratory foray into rural dwelling geography as part of the Anthrozoology study and broadens the scope of extant scholarship on human dwelling morphology, as well as analyses the spatial relationships between human and livestock dwelling.
文摘Hyper-spectral data is widely used to determine soil properties. However, few studies have explored the soil spectral characteristics as response to soil erosion. This study analysed the spectral response of different eroded soils in subtropical China, and then identify the spectral characteristics and soil properties that better discriminate softs with different erosion degrees. Two methods were compared： direct identification by inherent spectral characteristics and indirect identification by predictions of critical soft properties. Results showed that the spectral curves for different degrees of erosion were similar in morphology, while overall reflectance and characteristics of specific absorption peaks were different. When the first method is applied, some differences among different eroded groups were found by integration of associated indicators. However, the index of such indicators showed apparent mixing and crossover among different groups, which reduced the accuracy of identification. For the second method, the correlation between critical soil properties, such as soil organic matter （SOM）, iron and aluminium oxides and reflectance spectra, was analysed. The correlation coefficients for the moderate eroded group were primarily between -0.3 to -0.5, which were worse than the other twogroups. However, the maximum value of R2 was obtained as 0.86 and 0.94 for the non-apparent eroded and the severe group. Furthermore, these two groups also showed some differences in the spectral response of iron complex state （Fep）, Aluminium amorphous state （Alo） and the modelling results for soil organic matter （SOM）. The study proved that it is feasible to identify different degrees of soil erosion by hyperspectral data, and that indirect identification by modelling critical soil properties and reflectance spectra is much better than direct identification. These results indicate that hyper-spectral data may represent a promising tool in monitoring and modelling soil erosion.
基金Research sponsored by the Major Project of National Science and Technology of China(Grant no.2009ZX07210)
文摘At present,water pollutant emission trading plays an increasingly important role in pollution control in many foreign countries,and its pilot studies and demonstration have also been started in China.In order to solve the problem of initial allocation of emission permits:premise and basis of emission trading in a river basin,basic principles on initial allocation of actual emission permits in China are put forward.And it is thought that local development stage of industry should be taken into full account for initial allocation model of emission permits.There are five different allocation models in different development stages of industry,including models like distribution according to needs,improved same-rate reduction,performance,integration and environmental capacity,etc.The initial allocation of emission permits in various basins should choose a suitable model in accordance with their respective development stages.It is suggested in this article that integrated allocation model should be a main choice for current development stage of industry in China.
