The Ebola virus(EBOV)is a member of the Orthoebolavirus genus,Filoviridae family,which causes severe hemorrhagic diseases in humans and non-human primates(NHPs),with a case fatality rate of up to 90%.The development o...The Ebola virus(EBOV)is a member of the Orthoebolavirus genus,Filoviridae family,which causes severe hemorrhagic diseases in humans and non-human primates(NHPs),with a case fatality rate of up to 90%.The development of countermeasures against EBOV has been hindered by the lack of ideal animal models,as EBOV requires handling in biosafety level(BSL)-4 facilities.Therefore,accessible and convenient animal models are urgently needed to promote prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against EBOV.In this study,a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein(VSV-EBOV/GP)was constructed and applied as a surrogate virus,establishing a lethal infection in hamsters.Following infection with VSV-EBOV/GP,3-week-old female Syrian hamsters exhibited disease signs such as weight loss,multi-organ failure,severe uveitis,high viral loads,and developed severe systemic diseases similar to those observed in human EBOV patients.All animals succumbed at 2–3 days post-infection(dpi).Histopathological changes indicated that VSV-EBOV/GP targeted liver cells,suggesting that the tissue tropism of VSV-EBOV/GP was comparable to wild-type EBOV(WT EBOV).Notably,the pathogenicity of the VSV-EBOV/GP was found to be species-specific,age-related,gender-associated,and challenge route-dependent.Subsequently,equine anti-EBOV immunoglobulins and a subunit vaccine were validated using this model.Overall,this surrogate model represents a safe,effective,and economical tool for rapid preclinical evaluation of medical countermeasures against EBOV under BSL-2 conditions,which would accelerate technological advances and breakthroughs in confronting Ebola virus disease.展开更多
Dear Editor,We are writing to express concerns regarding the recent paper“A unique pseudo-eligibility analysis of longitudinal laboratory performance data from a transgender female competitive cyclist”by Hamilton et...Dear Editor,We are writing to express concerns regarding the recent paper“A unique pseudo-eligibility analysis of longitudinal laboratory performance data from a transgender female competitive cyclist”by Hamilton et al.[1].The authors assert that a sub-elite trans woman athlete can compete equitably in elite women’s cycling events after one year of gender-affirming hormone therapy(GAHT).However,this conclusion is not supported by the data presented.Furthermore,the authors’presentation of data from a single athlete as a basis for inferring the effects of testosterone suppression is fundamentally flawed.展开更多
Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation ...Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa,in which normal gastric mucosa gradually progresses from inactive or chronic active gastritis(Phase I)to gastric precancerous lesions(Phase II)and finally to GC(Phase III).Correa's cascade highlights the evolutionary pattern of GC and the importance of early intervention to prevent malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa.Intervening in early gastric mucosal lesions,i.e.,Phases I and II,will be the key strategy to prevent and treat GC.Natural products(NPs)have been an important source for drug development due to abundant sources,tremendous safety,and multiple pharmacodynamic mechanisms.This review is the first to investigate and summarize the multi-step effects and regulatory mechanisms of NPs on the Correa's cascade in gastric carcinogenesis.In Phase I,NPs modulate Helicobacter pylori urease activity,motility,adhesion,virulence factors,and drug resistance,thereby inhibiting H.pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammation and oxidative stress,and facilitating ulcer healing.In Phase II,NPs modulate multiple pathways and mediators regulating gastric mucosal cell cycle,apoptosis,autophagy,and angiogenesis to reverse gastric precancerous lesions.In Phase III,NPs suppress cell proliferation,migration,invasion,angiogenesis,and cancer stem cells,induce apoptosis and autophagy,and enhance chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity for the treatment of GC.In contrast to existing work,we hope to uncover NPs with sequential therapeutic effects on multiple phases of GC development,providing new ideas for gastric cancer prevention,treatment,and drug development.展开更多
Dear Editor,On March 8–15,2022,a board of international scientists assembled in Lyon to evaluate the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal,cobalt(Ⅱ)salts,antimony trioxide,and weaponsgrade tungsten alloy harboring nickel ...Dear Editor,On March 8–15,2022,a board of international scientists assembled in Lyon to evaluate the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal,cobalt(Ⅱ)salts,antimony trioxide,and weaponsgrade tungsten alloy harboring nickel and cobalt[1].The 131st International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)Monograph is the result of a 6–9-month work of perusing the literature,slide evaluation,data interpretation,and interim meetings.The assessment of cobalt,antimony,and nickelcontaining alloys will have tremendous consequences for the industry,health,and defense departments[1].展开更多
It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases ...It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue.Our previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently unclear.To simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic stroke.We found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous acid.Further,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide.Our results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.However,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes.This suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Lower levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin.By transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear translocation.Altogether,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.展开更多
Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic with high mortality,and the treatment options for the severe patients remain limited.Previous studies reported the altered gut mi-crobiota in severe CO...Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic with high mortality,and the treatment options for the severe patients remain limited.Previous studies reported the altered gut mi-crobiota in severe COVID-19.But there are no comprehensive data on the role of microbial metabolites in COVID-19 patients.Methods:We identified 153 serum microbial metabolites and assessed the changes in 72 COVID-19 pa-tients upon admission and one-month after their discharge,comparing these changes to those in 133 healthy control individuals from the outpatient department during the same period.Results:Our study revealed that microbial metabolites varied across different stages and severity of COVID-19 patients.These altered microbial metabolites included tryptophan,bile acids,fatty acids,amino acids,vitamins and those containing benzene.A total of 13 distinct microbial metabolites were identi-fied in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls.Notably,correlations were found among these disrupted metabolites and organ injury and inflammatory responses related to COVID-19.Furthermore,these metabolites did not restore to the normal levels one month after discharge.Importantly,two mi-crobial metabolites were the core microbial metabolites related to the severity of COVID-19 patients.Conclusions:The microbial metabolites were altered in the acute and recovery stage,correlating with dis-ease severity of COVID-19.These results indicated the important role of gut microbiota in the progression of COVID-19,and facilitated the potential therapeutic microbial target for severe COVID-19 patients.展开更多
Background:Diagnostic panels based on multiple biomarkers and clinical characteristics are considered more favorable than individual biomarker to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Based on age,sex,alpha-fetoprote...Background:Diagnostic panels based on multiple biomarkers and clinical characteristics are considered more favorable than individual biomarker to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Based on age,sex,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and protein induced by vitamin K absence II(PIVKA-II)with/without AFP-L3,ASAP and GALAD models are potential diagnostic panels.The diagnostic performances of these two panels were compared relative to HCC detection among patients with various etiologies of chronic liver diseases(CLDs).Methods:A multicenter case-control study recruited CLDs patients with and without HCC from 14 Chi-nese hospitals.The etiologies of CLDs included hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),alcoholic liver disease(ALD),and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values,the diagnostic performances of ASAP and GALAD models were com-pared to detect HCC among patients with various etiologies of CLDs.Results:Among 248 HCC patients and 722 CLD controls,the ASAP model demonstrated the highest AUC(0.886)to detect HCC at any stage,outperforming the GALAD model(0.853,P=0.001),as well as any individual biomarker(0.687-0.799,all P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis of various CLDs etiologies,the ASAP model outperformed the GALAD model to HCC independent of CLDs etiology.In addition,the ASAP model performed better in detecting early-stage(BCLC stage 0/A)HCC versus the GALAD model.Conclusions:Despite using one less laboratory variable(AFP-L3),the ASAP model demonstrated better diagnostic performance than the GALAD model to detect all-stage HCC among patients with various eti-ologies of CLDs-related HCC.展开更多
BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer(PLC)is characterized by high malignancy,rapid disease progression,and persistent high incidence and mortality rates,posing a significant public health challenge worldwide.Early diagnosi...BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer(PLC)is characterized by high malignancy,rapid disease progression,and persistent high incidence and mortality rates,posing a significant public health challenge worldwide.Early diagnosis and assessment of PLC are of great significance for guiding clinical treatment and improving patient prognosis.Alpha fetoprotein(AFP)and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)are commonly utilized tumor markers for the clinical diagnosis of PLC.They are ideal indicators for the detection of metastasis and recurrence after LC surgery.Nevertheless,not all patients with PLC secrete large amounts of AFP and GGT,which affects the accuracy of evaluating PLC by monitoring these two tumor markers alone.Cluster of differentiation 3 and 161 double-positive natural killer T(CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT)cell subsets are a class of molecules inextricably related to immune function and tumor occurrence and development.This research seeks to explore the clinical significance of CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT cell subsets combined with tumor markers AFP and GGT in the diagnosis of patients with PLC.AIM To probe the clinical significance of CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT cell subsets and AFP and GGT changes in the peripheral blood of individuals with PLC.METHODS The PLC group comprised 30 patients diagnosed with PLC who were admitted to our hospital between July 2022 and December 2023,whereas the control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examinations at our hospital.Peripheral blood samples were harvested from both cohorts of patients.The levels of CD4^(+)NKT,CD8^(+)NKT,CD3^(+)CD56^(+)NKT,CD8^(+)CD56^(+)NKT,CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT,and CD3-CD161^(+)NKT were measured by flow cytometry.Serum AFP content was determined using a fully automatic immunoassay analyzer,and serum GGT content was ascertained by a fully automatic biochemical analyzer.The diagnostic value of CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT cell subsets and AFP and GGT level alterations for PLC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS No significant disparities were observed in the counts of white blood cells,neutrophils,and platelets,as well as the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine between the two groups(P>0.05).Lymphocytes,red blood cells,hemoglobin,total protein,albumin,and globulin were more attenuated in the PLC group than in the control group,while glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were increased in the PLC cohort compared with the control cohort,with statistical significance(P<0.05).No substantial difference was discovered in peripheral blood CD4^(+)NKT,CD8^(+)NKT,and CD3^(+)CD56^(+)NKT cells between the two cohorts(P>0.05).The percentage of CD8^(+)CD56^(+)NKT cells(8.35%±1.01%),CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT cells(14.36%±1.55%),and CD3-CD161^(+)NKT cells(12.08%±1.34%)in the PLC group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of AFP(335.71±20.89 ng/mL)and GGT(136.87±15.62 U/mL)in the PLC cohort were elevated within the PLC cohort compared with the control cohort(P<0.05).The sensitivity of CD8^(+)CD56^(+)NKT,CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT,CD3-CD161^(+)NKT,AFP,and GGT alone for diagnosing PLC was 70.00%,83.33%,80.00%,56.67%,and 53.33%,respectively(P<0.05),with specificity rates of 66.67%,80.00%,76.67%,76.67%,and 66.67%,respectively(P<0.05).The area under the curve for combined detection was 0.898,with a sensitivity of 86.67%and a specificity of 80.00%(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The levels of CD8^(+)CD56^(+)NKT,CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT,CD3-CD161^(+)NKT,AFP,and GGT in the peripheral blood of patients with PLC were markedly elevated.The combined detection of these five indicators can improve the sensitivity and specificity of PLC diagnosis,providing solid evidence for the early clinical diagnosis of PLC.展开更多
Objective: This study aims to analyze the distribution of positive human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City during cervical cancer screening in 2024, providing data support f...Objective: This study aims to analyze the distribution of positive human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City during cervical cancer screening in 2024, providing data support for subsequent public health interventions. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the HPV test results from January 1, 2024, to November 30, 2024, at Beiliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital. We statistically analyzed the positive rates of different HPV genotypes and the co-infection status of multiple genotypes. Results: A total of 7558 individuals were tested, with 1103 positive cases identified, resulting in a positivity rate of 14.59%. Among these, HPV type 52 had the highest positive rate, accounting for 18.47%. The co-infection analysis showed that there were 788 cases with single genotype positivity, 236 with double genotype positivity, and 58 with triple genotype positivity, while cases with multiple genotypes simultaneously positive were relatively rare. Conclusion: The HPV infection rate among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City is relatively high, especially for high-risk HPV types. To reduce the future incidence of cervical cancer, it is recommended to enhance health education and vaccination efforts for this population.展开更多
Disinfection of swimming pool water is critical to ensure the safety of the recreational activity for swimmers.However,swimming pools have a constant loading of organic matter from input water and anthropogenic contam...Disinfection of swimming pool water is critical to ensure the safety of the recreational activity for swimmers.However,swimming pools have a constant loading of organic matter from input water and anthropogenic contamination,leading to elevated levels of disinfection byproducts(DBPs).Epidemiological studies have associated increased risks of adverse health effects with frequent exposure to DBPs in swimming pools.Zhang et al.(2023b)investigated the occurrence of trihalomethanes(THMs),haloacetic acids(HAAs),haloacetonitriles(HANs),and haloacetaldehydes(HALs)in eight swimming pools and the corresponding input water in a city in Eastern China.The concentrations of THMs,HAAs,HANs,and HALs in swimming poolswere 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those detected in the input water.The total lifetime cancer and non-cancer health risks of swimmers through oral,dermal,inhalation,buccal,and aural exposure pathways were assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s(USEPA)standard model and Swimmer Exposure Assessment Model(SWIMODEL).The results showed that dermal and inhalation pathways were the most significant for the associated cancer and non-cancer risks.This article provides an overview and perspectives of DBPs in swimming pools,the benefits of swimming,the need to improve the monitoring of DBPs,and the importance of swimmers’hygiene practices to keep swimming pools clean.The benefits of swimming outweigh the risks from DBP exposure for the promotion of public health.展开更多
Objective: With the increasing volume of trauma surgery, postoperative infections have garnered significant attention, as they not only affect patient outcomes but also raise healthcare costs and the risk of bacterial...Objective: With the increasing volume of trauma surgery, postoperative infections have garnered significant attention, as they not only affect patient outcomes but also raise healthcare costs and the risk of bacterial resistance. This study aims to analyze the microbial spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of patients with postoperative infections in trauma surgery, providing a basis for clinical treatment and optimizing antibiotic usage strategies in this context. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with traumatic infections who were hospitalized in the departments of spine surgery, upper limb surgery, and lower limb surgery from January 2022 to December 2024. Bacterial culture-positive specimens were analyzed for bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivity. Results: A total of 804 traumatic infection specimens were submitted for testing, including 538 male patients (ages 2 - 95 years) and 266 female patients (ages 4 - 94 years). Among these, 267 cases showed positive culture results, with 172 males (ages 2 - 93 years) and 95 females (ages 4 - 94 years). A total of 153 strains of Gram-negative (G−) bacteria and 114 strains of Gram-positive (G+) bacteria were identified. Among G− bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated (40 strains), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28 strains) and Enterobacter cloacae (28 strains). Among G+ bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent (75 strains), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (15 strains) and Streptococcus pyogenes (8 strains). Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was as high as 93.33%, while the resistance rate of Escherichia coli to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 57.5%. Conclusion: The main pathogens responsible for postoperative infections in traumatology are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with significant antibiotic resistance. In clinical treatment, antibiotics should be selected rationally based on bacterial spectrum and resistance patterns to improve treatment efficacy.展开更多
The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due ...The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due to the complexity of reagent addition and incubation processes.This study presents a smartphone-integrated handheld automated biochemical analyzer(sHABA)designed for point-of-care testing of urinary albumin.The sHABA features a pre-loaded,disposable reagent cassette with reagents for the albumin assay arranged in the order of their addition within a hose.The smartphone-integrated analyzer can drive the reagents following a preset program,to enable automatic sequential addition.The sHABA has a detection limit for albumin of 5.9 mg/L and a linear detection range from 7 to 450 mg/L.The consistency of albumin level detection in 931 urine samples using sHABA with clinical tests indicates good sensitivity(95.78%)and specificity(90.16%).This research advances the field by providing an automated detection method for albumin in a portable device,allowing even untrained individuals to monitor CKD in real time at the patient's bedside.In the context of promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment,the sHABA has the potential to become an essential tool for the early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CKD and other chronic conditions.展开更多
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has disproportionately impacted individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),increasing their risk of severe illness and mortality.Vaccination has been a cr...BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has disproportionately impacted individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),increasing their risk of severe illness and mortality.Vaccination has been a crucial intervention in mitigating these risks.However,the metabolic effects of COVID-19 vaccination,particularly the Johnson&Johnson(J&J)vaccine,in diabetic populations remain inadequately explored.This study investigated the longitudinal effects of the J&J vaccine on lipid and eicosanoid biomarkers to assess its metabolic safety and potential cardiovascular benefits.AIM To evaluate the long-term impact of the J&J COVID-19 vaccine on lipid and eicosanoid biomarkers in Ethiopian patients with T2DM.METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted at Adama Hospital Medical College(Oromia,Ethiopia)from May 2023 to June 2024.A total of 224 T2DM patients(57 vaccinated,167 unvaccinated)were monitored for 1 year.Biomarkers including triglycerides(TGs),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),total cholesterol(TC),pro-staglandins(PGs),and thromboxanes(TXs)were measured at baseline and at 3 months,6 months,9 months,and 1 year post-vaccination.Statistical analyses included Generalized Estimating Equations to assess longitudinal biomarker changes.RESULTS TG and PG levels remained stable across all time points.HDL levels showed a temporary decline at 3 months(mean difference[MD]=-4.33;P<0.001)and 6 months(MD=-2.62;P<0.001)but recovered by 9 months(MD=2.09;P=0.001)and 1 year(MD=2.38;P<0.001).TC exhibited a significant decrease at 3 months(MD=-16.44,P=0.001)before stabilizing.TX levels showed a consistent decline across all follow-ups(e.g.,1 year:MD=-0.08;P=0.036),suggesting a reduced thrombotic risk.Correlation analysis indicated significant interrelations among biomarkers,emphasizing their roles in metabolic and inflammatory pathways.CONCLUSION The J&J COVID-19 vaccine exhibited metabolic safety in patients with T2DM,with transient HDL and TC reductions that later stabilized and a sustained TX decline,suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits.Further studies are needed to explore long-term immunometabolic effects on high-risk populations.展开更多
This study investigated the impacts of spring runoff on the formation of halobenzoquinones(HBQs)and their correlation with common water quality parameters(WQPs)and aromatic amino acids(AAs)in source water.Source water...This study investigated the impacts of spring runoff on the formation of halobenzoquinones(HBQs)and their correlation with common water quality parameters(WQPs)and aromatic amino acids(AAs)in source water.Source water and treated water samples were collected at two drinking water treatment plants in 2021,2022,and 2023.HBQs and aromatic AAs were analyzed using solid phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods.The only HBQs detected in treated water were 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(DCBQ)and hydroxy–DCBQ(OH-DCBQ).The concentration of DCBQ was 3-4 times higher during spring runoff events than during non-spring-runoff periods,suggesting the impact of spring runoff on the formation of DCBQ.The DCBQ concentrations in finished water positively correlated with the color,dissolved organic carbon,total organic nitrogen,and specific ultraviolet absorbance WQPs of source water in 2021 and 2022.The temporal trend of the total aromatic AAs determined in source water was strongly and positively correlated to DCBQ in finished water.Finally,there was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of DCBQ determined immediately following the addition of chlorine and the presence of its transformation product,OH-DCBQ,in finished water.The results also showed that powdered activated carbon can remove some of the HBQ precursors in the sourcewater to reduce DCBQ formation.This study demonstrated that WQPs and aromatic AAs are useful indicators for the removal of precursors to reduce HBQ formation during drinking water treatment.展开更多
A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distributio...A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distribution characteristics of the gut microbiota in the carcinogenic microenvironment are closely related to disease progression.Therefore,the results of that study are of great significance for determining the pathogenesis of CRC in the Indonesian region and for clinically diagnosing and treating CRC.While acknowledging the strengths of the study,its limitations should also be addressed.Future case-control studies of the gut microbiota based on specific populations should be further refined to provide more optimized guidance for clinical precision treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND Perioperative blood transfusion is common in gastric cancer surgery,yet its im-pact on postoperative inflammation,stress response,and long-term prognosis remains incompletely understood.AIM To investigate t...BACKGROUND Perioperative blood transfusion is common in gastric cancer surgery,yet its im-pact on postoperative inflammation,stress response,and long-term prognosis remains incompletely understood.AIM To investigate the effect of perioperative blood transfusion on postoperative infla-mmation and stress markers,as well as its correlation with prognosis in patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery,divided into a non-transfusion group(n=108)and a transfusion group(n=92).Baseline characteristics,pathological features,postoperative inflammatory and stress markers,complications,and long-term survival were compared between the two groups.Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests,χ2 tests,and multivariate Cox regression analysis.RESULTS The transfusion group had a lower T-stage distribution and higher intraoperative blood loss than the non-transfusion group(P<0.05).Postoperative inflammatory markers such as white blood cell count,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,and stress markers like cortisol and adrenaline were sig-nificantly higher in the transfusion group than in the non-transfusion group(P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications was also higher in the transfusion group than in the non-transfusion group.Overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)were significantly shorter in the transfusion group(P<0.05)than in the non-transfusion group.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that transfusion had a negative impact on OS and DFS.CONCLUSION Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with increased postoperative inflammation,stress reactions,complication rates,and adverse prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.Reducing unnecessary transfusions can improve postoperative recovery and long-term prognosis.展开更多
Objective This study aims to investigate the exosome-derived metabolomics profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),identify differential metabolites,and analyze their potential as diagnostic markers for SLE and l...Objective This study aims to investigate the exosome-derived metabolomics profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),identify differential metabolites,and analyze their potential as diagnostic markers for SLE and lupus nephritis(LN).Methods Totally,91 participants were enrolled between February 2023 and January 2024 including 58 SLE patients[30 with nonrenal-SLE and 28 with Lupus nephritis(LN)]and 33 healthy controls(HC).Ultracentrifugation was used to isolate serum exosomes,which were analyzed for their metabolic profiles using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS).Endogenous metabolites were identified via public metabolite databases.Random Forest,Lasso regression and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination(SVM-RFE)algorithms were employed to screen key metabolites,and a prediction model was constructed for SLE diagnosis and LN discrimination.ROC curves were constructed to determine the potential of these differential exosome-derived metabolites for the diagnosis of SLE.Furthermore,Spearman’s correlation was employed to evaluate the potential links between exosome-derived metabolites and the clinical parameters which reflect disease progression.Results A total of 586 endogenous serum exosome-derived metabolites showed differential expression,with 225 exosome-derived metabolites significantly upregulated,88 downregulated and 273 exhibiting no notable changes in the HC and SLE groups.Machine learning algorithms revealed three differential metabolites:Pro-Asn-Gln-Met-Ser,C24:1 sphingolipid,and protoporphyrin IX,which exhibited AUC values of 0.998,0.992 and 0.969 respectively,for distinguishing between the SLE and HC groups,with a combined AUC of 1.0.In distinguishing between the LN and SLE groups,the AUC values for these metabolites were 0.920,0.893 and 0.865,respectively,with a combined AUC of 0.931,demonstrating excellent diagnostic performance.Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Pro-Asn-Gln-Met-Ser and protoporphyrin IX were positively correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)scores,urinary protein/creatinine ratio(ACR)and urinary protein levels,while C24:1 sphingolipid exhibited a negative correlation.Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the exosome-derived metabolites in SLE and established a promising prediction model for SLE and LN discrimination.The correlation between exosome-derived metabolites and key clinical parameters strongly indicated their potential role in SLE pathological progression.展开更多
AIM:To explore the effect of co-host non-coding RNA(ncRNA)MIR503HG/miR-503-5p on the angiogenesis of pterygium.METHODS:MIR503HG/miR-503-5p/fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)expression levels in pterygium tissues,control...AIM:To explore the effect of co-host non-coding RNA(ncRNA)MIR503HG/miR-503-5p on the angiogenesis of pterygium.METHODS:MIR503HG/miR-503-5p/fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)expression levels in pterygium tissues,control conjunctival tissues,and human pterygium fibroblasts(HPF)were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and immunohistochemical methods.Effects of MIR503HG/miR-503-5p on low molecular weight FGF2(LWM FGF2),migration and angiogenesis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMEC)were determined in an HPF and HRMEC co-culture model using Western blots,wound healing assay,Matrigel-based tube formation assay,and Transwell assay.RESULTS:MIR503HG/miR-503-5p/FGF2 pathway was actively increased in pterygium tissue and there was a negative correlation between the expression of the two ncRNAs.FGF2 expression level was positively correlated with MIR503HG and negatively correlated with miR-503-5p.Overexpressed MIR503HG/miR-503-5p did not affect the migration and angiogenesis of HRMECs cultured separately,but significantly affected migration and angiogenesis of HRMEC in HPF and HRMEC co-culture models.Western blotting revealed that MIR503HG/miR-503-5p overexpression significantly increased LMW FGF2 expression in HPF.CONCLUSION:MIR503HG/miR-503-5p inhibits HRMEC migration and angiogenic function by interfering with the interaction between HPF and endothelial cells via reducing LMW FGF2 in HPF.展开更多
This work focuses on the formulation of a dietary cold sauce,mayonnaise,which combines the therapeutic properties of two basic ingredients:PSO(Pumpkin Seed Oil)and quail egg,both of which are renowned for their high f...This work focuses on the formulation of a dietary cold sauce,mayonnaise,which combines the therapeutic properties of two basic ingredients:PSO(Pumpkin Seed Oil)and quail egg,both of which are renowned for their high functional properties.PSO is essentially made up of unsaturated fatty acids(50%to 65%)including linoleic acid,from the omega 6 family,oleic acid(20%to 50%),a monounsaturated fatty acid(omega 9),cucurbitin,phytosterols,tri-terpenes and vitamin E(3.5 mg%).The nutritional,fatty acid,vitamin and mineral compositions of the mayonnaise compared with the ingredients,the physico-chemical characteristics of the quail egg,the PSO and the tasting of the mayonnaise were determined and gave results in terms of variable contents which are recorded in Tables 2-8.The results obtained were satisfactory.Mayonnaise,a semi-solid emulsion of oil in water with viscoelastic properties due to the network formed by lipoproteins adsorbed around neighbouring drops of oil,was prepared using the ratio of quail egg and PSO 1/4.This study may offer an alternative way of making dietary sauces.展开更多
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most common malignant tumors globally,with its incidence particularly high in East Asia.AIM To analyze the expression of the stem cell marker musashi-1 ...BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most common malignant tumors globally,with its incidence particularly high in East Asia.AIM To analyze the expression of the stem cell marker musashi-1 in patients with resectable ESCC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its relationship with patient survival prognosis.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 74 ESCC patients treated at our hospital from June 2020 to January 2022.All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to detect musashi-1 expression in tumor tissues.Based on the expression intensity,patients were divided into group A(n=30,IHC total score>2 indicating high expression)and group B(n=44,IHC total score 0-2 indicating low expression).The clinical pathological differences between groups A and B were compared.The treatment outcomes of both groups were compared.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting patient prognosis.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used,and logrank tests were conducted to compare differences between groups.RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in tumor maximum diameter,T stage,N stage,clinical stage,pathological grade,lymphovascular invasion,and intraoperative blood loss between groups A and B(P<0.05).The disease control rate in group A(86.67%)was lower than that in group B(100.00%)(χ^(2)=3.868,P=0.049);the objective response rate in group A(33.33%)was lower than that in group B(70.45%)(χ^(2)=9.948,P=0.001).The proportion of tumor regression grade 3+4+5 grades in group A(80.00%)was higher than in group B(43.18%)(χ^(2)=9.933,P=0.001).Univariate analysis showed that tumor maximum diameter,T stage,N stage,clinical stage,pathological grade,and musashi-1 expression were associated with patient prognosis(P<0.05).Cox regression analysis model.The results indicated that T stage[hazard ratio(HR)=1.82,95%confidence interval(CI):2.14-7.37],N stage(HR=1.70,95%CI:1.12-2.36),clinical stage(HR=2.08,95%CI:1.36-3.85),pathological grade(HR=1.54,95%CI:1.07-2.41),and musashi-1 expression(HR=2.72,95%CI:2.03-4.11)were independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the median overall survival in group A was 17 months,while in group B it was 28 months.Log-rank analysis revealed that the overall survival rate in group A was worse than in group B(χ^(2)=2.635,P=0.033).CONCLUSION The expression of musashi-1 is closely related to the treatment efficacy,prognosis,and survival of ESCC patients.It is expected to be a potential biomarker for evaluating the efficacy and survival prognosis of ESCC patients.展开更多
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(grant number 2023YFC2605500)Jilin Province Youth Talent Support Project(grant number QT202208)+1 种基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(grant number 2022YFC0867900)Nation Key Research and Development Program of China,New technology of rapid of pathogens in laboratory animals(grant number 2021YFF07033600).
文摘The Ebola virus(EBOV)is a member of the Orthoebolavirus genus,Filoviridae family,which causes severe hemorrhagic diseases in humans and non-human primates(NHPs),with a case fatality rate of up to 90%.The development of countermeasures against EBOV has been hindered by the lack of ideal animal models,as EBOV requires handling in biosafety level(BSL)-4 facilities.Therefore,accessible and convenient animal models are urgently needed to promote prophylactic and therapeutic approaches against EBOV.In this study,a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Ebola virus glycoprotein(VSV-EBOV/GP)was constructed and applied as a surrogate virus,establishing a lethal infection in hamsters.Following infection with VSV-EBOV/GP,3-week-old female Syrian hamsters exhibited disease signs such as weight loss,multi-organ failure,severe uveitis,high viral loads,and developed severe systemic diseases similar to those observed in human EBOV patients.All animals succumbed at 2–3 days post-infection(dpi).Histopathological changes indicated that VSV-EBOV/GP targeted liver cells,suggesting that the tissue tropism of VSV-EBOV/GP was comparable to wild-type EBOV(WT EBOV).Notably,the pathogenicity of the VSV-EBOV/GP was found to be species-specific,age-related,gender-associated,and challenge route-dependent.Subsequently,equine anti-EBOV immunoglobulins and a subunit vaccine were validated using this model.Overall,this surrogate model represents a safe,effective,and economical tool for rapid preclinical evaluation of medical countermeasures against EBOV under BSL-2 conditions,which would accelerate technological advances and breakthroughs in confronting Ebola virus disease.
文摘Dear Editor,We are writing to express concerns regarding the recent paper“A unique pseudo-eligibility analysis of longitudinal laboratory performance data from a transgender female competitive cyclist”by Hamilton et al.[1].The authors assert that a sub-elite trans woman athlete can compete equitably in elite women’s cycling events after one year of gender-affirming hormone therapy(GAHT).However,this conclusion is not supported by the data presented.Furthermore,the authors’presentation of data from a single athlete as a basis for inferring the effects of testosterone suppression is fundamentally flawed.
基金supported by the Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine"Xinglin Scholars"Program,China(Grant No.:MPRC2023014).
文摘Gastric carcinoma(GC)is a malignancy with multifactorial involvement,multicellular regulation,and multistage evolution.The classic Correa's cascade of intestinal GC specifies a trilogy of malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa,in which normal gastric mucosa gradually progresses from inactive or chronic active gastritis(Phase I)to gastric precancerous lesions(Phase II)and finally to GC(Phase III).Correa's cascade highlights the evolutionary pattern of GC and the importance of early intervention to prevent malignant transformation of the gastric mucosa.Intervening in early gastric mucosal lesions,i.e.,Phases I and II,will be the key strategy to prevent and treat GC.Natural products(NPs)have been an important source for drug development due to abundant sources,tremendous safety,and multiple pharmacodynamic mechanisms.This review is the first to investigate and summarize the multi-step effects and regulatory mechanisms of NPs on the Correa's cascade in gastric carcinogenesis.In Phase I,NPs modulate Helicobacter pylori urease activity,motility,adhesion,virulence factors,and drug resistance,thereby inhibiting H.pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammation and oxidative stress,and facilitating ulcer healing.In Phase II,NPs modulate multiple pathways and mediators regulating gastric mucosal cell cycle,apoptosis,autophagy,and angiogenesis to reverse gastric precancerous lesions.In Phase III,NPs suppress cell proliferation,migration,invasion,angiogenesis,and cancer stem cells,induce apoptosis and autophagy,and enhance chemotherapeutic drug sensitivity for the treatment of GC.In contrast to existing work,we hope to uncover NPs with sequential therapeutic effects on multiple phases of GC development,providing new ideas for gastric cancer prevention,treatment,and drug development.
文摘Dear Editor,On March 8–15,2022,a board of international scientists assembled in Lyon to evaluate the carcinogenicity of cobalt metal,cobalt(Ⅱ)salts,antimony trioxide,and weaponsgrade tungsten alloy harboring nickel and cobalt[1].The 131st International Agency for Research on Cancer(IARC)Monograph is the result of a 6–9-month work of perusing the literature,slide evaluation,data interpretation,and interim meetings.The assessment of cobalt,antimony,and nickelcontaining alloys will have tremendous consequences for the industry,health,and defense departments[1].
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China,No.BK20211348(to SHQ)Xuzhou Basic Research Program,No.KC21030(to LYH)+1 种基金Leadership Program of Xuzhou Medical University,No.JBGS202203(to SHQ)Research Grant Council GRF of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,No.17105220(to JGS)。
文摘It has been shown clinically that continuous removal of ischemia/reperfusion-induced reactive oxygen species is not conducive to the recovery of late stroke.Indeed,previous studies have shown that excessive increases in hypochlorous acid after stroke can cause severe damage to brain tissue.Our previous studies have found that a small amount of hypochlorous acid still exists in the later stage of stroke,but its specific role and mechanism are currently unclear.To simulate stroke in vivo,a middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model was established,with an oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation model established in vitro to mimic stroke.We found that in the early stage(within 24 hours)of ischemic stroke,neutrophils produced a large amount of hypochlorous acid,while in the recovery phase(10 days after stroke),microglia were activated and produced a small amount of hypochlorous acid.Further,in acute stroke in rats,hypochlorous acid production was prevented using a hypochlorous acid scavenger,taurine,or myeloperoxidase inhibitor,4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide.Our results showed that high levels of hypochlorous acid(200μM)induced neuronal apoptosis after oxygen/glucose deprivation/reoxygenation.However,in the recovery phase of the middle cerebral artery occlusion model,a moderate level of hypochlorous acid promoted the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and astrocytes.This suggests that hypochlorous acid plays different roles at different phases of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Lower levels of hypochlorous acid(5 and 100μM)promoted nuclear translocation ofβ-catenin.By transfection of single-site mutation plasmids,we found that hypochlorous acid induced chlorination of theβ-catenin tyrosine 30 residue,which promoted nuclear translocation.Altogether,our study indicates that maintaining low levels of hypochlorous acid plays a key role in the recovery of neurological function.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1301001)the Natural Science Founda-tion of China(82170668)+1 种基金the Sino-German Center for Research Promotion(GZ1546)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(2019-I2M-5-045).
文摘Background:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global pandemic with high mortality,and the treatment options for the severe patients remain limited.Previous studies reported the altered gut mi-crobiota in severe COVID-19.But there are no comprehensive data on the role of microbial metabolites in COVID-19 patients.Methods:We identified 153 serum microbial metabolites and assessed the changes in 72 COVID-19 pa-tients upon admission and one-month after their discharge,comparing these changes to those in 133 healthy control individuals from the outpatient department during the same period.Results:Our study revealed that microbial metabolites varied across different stages and severity of COVID-19 patients.These altered microbial metabolites included tryptophan,bile acids,fatty acids,amino acids,vitamins and those containing benzene.A total of 13 distinct microbial metabolites were identi-fied in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy controls.Notably,correlations were found among these disrupted metabolites and organ injury and inflammatory responses related to COVID-19.Furthermore,these metabolites did not restore to the normal levels one month after discharge.Importantly,two mi-crobial metabolites were the core microbial metabolites related to the severity of COVID-19 patients.Conclusions:The microbial metabolites were altered in the acute and recovery stage,correlating with dis-ease severity of COVID-19.These results indicated the important role of gut microbiota in the progression of COVID-19,and facilitated the potential therapeutic microbial target for severe COVID-19 patients.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81972726 and 82273074)Abbott Diagnostics(ADD-China-2016).
文摘Background:Diagnostic panels based on multiple biomarkers and clinical characteristics are considered more favorable than individual biomarker to diagnose hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Based on age,sex,alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),and protein induced by vitamin K absence II(PIVKA-II)with/without AFP-L3,ASAP and GALAD models are potential diagnostic panels.The diagnostic performances of these two panels were compared relative to HCC detection among patients with various etiologies of chronic liver diseases(CLDs).Methods:A multicenter case-control study recruited CLDs patients with and without HCC from 14 Chi-nese hospitals.The etiologies of CLDs included hepatitis B virus(HBV),hepatitis C virus(HCV),alcoholic liver disease(ALD),and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC)values,the diagnostic performances of ASAP and GALAD models were com-pared to detect HCC among patients with various etiologies of CLDs.Results:Among 248 HCC patients and 722 CLD controls,the ASAP model demonstrated the highest AUC(0.886)to detect HCC at any stage,outperforming the GALAD model(0.853,P=0.001),as well as any individual biomarker(0.687-0.799,all P<0.001).In the subgroup analysis of various CLDs etiologies,the ASAP model outperformed the GALAD model to HCC independent of CLDs etiology.In addition,the ASAP model performed better in detecting early-stage(BCLC stage 0/A)HCC versus the GALAD model.Conclusions:Despite using one less laboratory variable(AFP-L3),the ASAP model demonstrated better diagnostic performance than the GALAD model to detect all-stage HCC among patients with various eti-ologies of CLDs-related HCC.
文摘BACKGROUND Primary liver cancer(PLC)is characterized by high malignancy,rapid disease progression,and persistent high incidence and mortality rates,posing a significant public health challenge worldwide.Early diagnosis and assessment of PLC are of great significance for guiding clinical treatment and improving patient prognosis.Alpha fetoprotein(AFP)and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT)are commonly utilized tumor markers for the clinical diagnosis of PLC.They are ideal indicators for the detection of metastasis and recurrence after LC surgery.Nevertheless,not all patients with PLC secrete large amounts of AFP and GGT,which affects the accuracy of evaluating PLC by monitoring these two tumor markers alone.Cluster of differentiation 3 and 161 double-positive natural killer T(CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT)cell subsets are a class of molecules inextricably related to immune function and tumor occurrence and development.This research seeks to explore the clinical significance of CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT cell subsets combined with tumor markers AFP and GGT in the diagnosis of patients with PLC.AIM To probe the clinical significance of CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT cell subsets and AFP and GGT changes in the peripheral blood of individuals with PLC.METHODS The PLC group comprised 30 patients diagnosed with PLC who were admitted to our hospital between July 2022 and December 2023,whereas the control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals undergoing routine physical examinations at our hospital.Peripheral blood samples were harvested from both cohorts of patients.The levels of CD4^(+)NKT,CD8^(+)NKT,CD3^(+)CD56^(+)NKT,CD8^(+)CD56^(+)NKT,CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT,and CD3-CD161^(+)NKT were measured by flow cytometry.Serum AFP content was determined using a fully automatic immunoassay analyzer,and serum GGT content was ascertained by a fully automatic biochemical analyzer.The diagnostic value of CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT cell subsets and AFP and GGT level alterations for PLC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.RESULTS No significant disparities were observed in the counts of white blood cells,neutrophils,and platelets,as well as the levels of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine between the two groups(P>0.05).Lymphocytes,red blood cells,hemoglobin,total protein,albumin,and globulin were more attenuated in the PLC group than in the control group,while glutamic-pyruvic transaminase,glutamic oxalacetic transaminase,and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were increased in the PLC cohort compared with the control cohort,with statistical significance(P<0.05).No substantial difference was discovered in peripheral blood CD4^(+)NKT,CD8^(+)NKT,and CD3^(+)CD56^(+)NKT cells between the two cohorts(P>0.05).The percentage of CD8^(+)CD56^(+)NKT cells(8.35%±1.01%),CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT cells(14.36%±1.55%),and CD3-CD161^(+)NKT cells(12.08%±1.34%)in the PLC group was higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of AFP(335.71±20.89 ng/mL)and GGT(136.87±15.62 U/mL)in the PLC cohort were elevated within the PLC cohort compared with the control cohort(P<0.05).The sensitivity of CD8^(+)CD56^(+)NKT,CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT,CD3-CD161^(+)NKT,AFP,and GGT alone for diagnosing PLC was 70.00%,83.33%,80.00%,56.67%,and 53.33%,respectively(P<0.05),with specificity rates of 66.67%,80.00%,76.67%,76.67%,and 66.67%,respectively(P<0.05).The area under the curve for combined detection was 0.898,with a sensitivity of 86.67%and a specificity of 80.00%(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The levels of CD8^(+)CD56^(+)NKT,CD3^(+)CD161^(+)NKT,CD3-CD161^(+)NKT,AFP,and GGT in the peripheral blood of patients with PLC were markedly elevated.The combined detection of these five indicators can improve the sensitivity and specificity of PLC diagnosis,providing solid evidence for the early clinical diagnosis of PLC.
文摘Objective: This study aims to analyze the distribution of positive human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City during cervical cancer screening in 2024, providing data support for subsequent public health interventions. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the HPV test results from January 1, 2024, to November 30, 2024, at Beiliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital. We statistically analyzed the positive rates of different HPV genotypes and the co-infection status of multiple genotypes. Results: A total of 7558 individuals were tested, with 1103 positive cases identified, resulting in a positivity rate of 14.59%. Among these, HPV type 52 had the highest positive rate, accounting for 18.47%. The co-infection analysis showed that there were 788 cases with single genotype positivity, 236 with double genotype positivity, and 58 with triple genotype positivity, while cases with multiple genotypes simultaneously positive were relatively rare. Conclusion: The HPV infection rate among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City is relatively high, especially for high-risk HPV types. To reduce the future incidence of cervical cancer, it is recommended to enhance health education and vaccination efforts for this population.
文摘Disinfection of swimming pool water is critical to ensure the safety of the recreational activity for swimmers.However,swimming pools have a constant loading of organic matter from input water and anthropogenic contamination,leading to elevated levels of disinfection byproducts(DBPs).Epidemiological studies have associated increased risks of adverse health effects with frequent exposure to DBPs in swimming pools.Zhang et al.(2023b)investigated the occurrence of trihalomethanes(THMs),haloacetic acids(HAAs),haloacetonitriles(HANs),and haloacetaldehydes(HALs)in eight swimming pools and the corresponding input water in a city in Eastern China.The concentrations of THMs,HAAs,HANs,and HALs in swimming poolswere 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those detected in the input water.The total lifetime cancer and non-cancer health risks of swimmers through oral,dermal,inhalation,buccal,and aural exposure pathways were assessed using the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s(USEPA)standard model and Swimmer Exposure Assessment Model(SWIMODEL).The results showed that dermal and inhalation pathways were the most significant for the associated cancer and non-cancer risks.This article provides an overview and perspectives of DBPs in swimming pools,the benefits of swimming,the need to improve the monitoring of DBPs,and the importance of swimmers’hygiene practices to keep swimming pools clean.The benefits of swimming outweigh the risks from DBP exposure for the promotion of public health.
文摘Objective: With the increasing volume of trauma surgery, postoperative infections have garnered significant attention, as they not only affect patient outcomes but also raise healthcare costs and the risk of bacterial resistance. This study aims to analyze the microbial spectrum and antibiotic sensitivity of patients with postoperative infections in trauma surgery, providing a basis for clinical treatment and optimizing antibiotic usage strategies in this context. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with traumatic infections who were hospitalized in the departments of spine surgery, upper limb surgery, and lower limb surgery from January 2022 to December 2024. Bacterial culture-positive specimens were analyzed for bacterial species and antibiotic sensitivity. Results: A total of 804 traumatic infection specimens were submitted for testing, including 538 male patients (ages 2 - 95 years) and 266 female patients (ages 4 - 94 years). Among these, 267 cases showed positive culture results, with 172 males (ages 2 - 93 years) and 95 females (ages 4 - 94 years). A total of 153 strains of Gram-negative (G−) bacteria and 114 strains of Gram-positive (G+) bacteria were identified. Among G− bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated (40 strains), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28 strains) and Enterobacter cloacae (28 strains). Among G+ bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent (75 strains), followed by Enterococcus faecalis (15 strains) and Streptococcus pyogenes (8 strains). Antibiotic sensitivity testing revealed that the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin was as high as 93.33%, while the resistance rate of Escherichia coli to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was 57.5%. Conclusion: The main pathogens responsible for postoperative infections in traumatology are Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with significant antibiotic resistance. In clinical treatment, antibiotics should be selected rationally based on bacterial spectrum and resistance patterns to improve treatment efficacy.
基金funding by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.:2021M701628)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82202625)+3 种基金Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou,China(Grant No.:SL2022A04J02086)President Foundation of Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,China(Grant Nos.:2021B012,and 2021C050)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(Grant No.:82025024)Key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82230080).
文摘The level of urinary albumin is a critical indicator for the early diagnosis and management of chronic kidney disease(CKD).However,existing methods for detecting albumin are not conducive to point-of-care testing due to the complexity of reagent addition and incubation processes.This study presents a smartphone-integrated handheld automated biochemical analyzer(sHABA)designed for point-of-care testing of urinary albumin.The sHABA features a pre-loaded,disposable reagent cassette with reagents for the albumin assay arranged in the order of their addition within a hose.The smartphone-integrated analyzer can drive the reagents following a preset program,to enable automatic sequential addition.The sHABA has a detection limit for albumin of 5.9 mg/L and a linear detection range from 7 to 450 mg/L.The consistency of albumin level detection in 931 urine samples using sHABA with clinical tests indicates good sensitivity(95.78%)and specificity(90.16%).This research advances the field by providing an automated detection method for albumin in a portable device,allowing even untrained individuals to monitor CKD in real time at the patient's bedside.In the context of promoting tiered diagnosis and treatment,the sHABA has the potential to become an essential tool for the early diagnosis and comprehensive management of CKD and other chronic conditions.
文摘BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has disproportionately impacted individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),increasing their risk of severe illness and mortality.Vaccination has been a crucial intervention in mitigating these risks.However,the metabolic effects of COVID-19 vaccination,particularly the Johnson&Johnson(J&J)vaccine,in diabetic populations remain inadequately explored.This study investigated the longitudinal effects of the J&J vaccine on lipid and eicosanoid biomarkers to assess its metabolic safety and potential cardiovascular benefits.AIM To evaluate the long-term impact of the J&J COVID-19 vaccine on lipid and eicosanoid biomarkers in Ethiopian patients with T2DM.METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted at Adama Hospital Medical College(Oromia,Ethiopia)from May 2023 to June 2024.A total of 224 T2DM patients(57 vaccinated,167 unvaccinated)were monitored for 1 year.Biomarkers including triglycerides(TGs),high-density lipoprotein(HDL),total cholesterol(TC),pro-staglandins(PGs),and thromboxanes(TXs)were measured at baseline and at 3 months,6 months,9 months,and 1 year post-vaccination.Statistical analyses included Generalized Estimating Equations to assess longitudinal biomarker changes.RESULTS TG and PG levels remained stable across all time points.HDL levels showed a temporary decline at 3 months(mean difference[MD]=-4.33;P<0.001)and 6 months(MD=-2.62;P<0.001)but recovered by 9 months(MD=2.09;P=0.001)and 1 year(MD=2.38;P<0.001).TC exhibited a significant decrease at 3 months(MD=-16.44,P=0.001)before stabilizing.TX levels showed a consistent decline across all follow-ups(e.g.,1 year:MD=-0.08;P=0.036),suggesting a reduced thrombotic risk.Correlation analysis indicated significant interrelations among biomarkers,emphasizing their roles in metabolic and inflammatory pathways.CONCLUSION The J&J COVID-19 vaccine exhibited metabolic safety in patients with T2DM,with transient HDL and TC reductions that later stabilized and a sustained TX decline,suggesting potential cardiovascular benefits.Further studies are needed to explore long-term immunometabolic effects on high-risk populations.
基金supported by grants from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)Alberta Innovates,and the Canada Research Chairs Program.The authors acknowledge the support of the NSERC Postgraduate Doctoral Scholarship(NJPW),the Alberta Innovates Graduate Student Scholarship(KC),and the 75th Anniversary Graduate Student Award and the Graduate Student Recruitment Scholarship of the Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry at the University of Alberta(KNMC).
文摘This study investigated the impacts of spring runoff on the formation of halobenzoquinones(HBQs)and their correlation with common water quality parameters(WQPs)and aromatic amino acids(AAs)in source water.Source water and treated water samples were collected at two drinking water treatment plants in 2021,2022,and 2023.HBQs and aromatic AAs were analyzed using solid phase extraction with high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methods.The only HBQs detected in treated water were 2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone(DCBQ)and hydroxy–DCBQ(OH-DCBQ).The concentration of DCBQ was 3-4 times higher during spring runoff events than during non-spring-runoff periods,suggesting the impact of spring runoff on the formation of DCBQ.The DCBQ concentrations in finished water positively correlated with the color,dissolved organic carbon,total organic nitrogen,and specific ultraviolet absorbance WQPs of source water in 2021 and 2022.The temporal trend of the total aromatic AAs determined in source water was strongly and positively correlated to DCBQ in finished water.Finally,there was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of DCBQ determined immediately following the addition of chlorine and the presence of its transformation product,OH-DCBQ,in finished water.The results also showed that powdered activated carbon can remove some of the HBQ precursors in the sourcewater to reduce DCBQ formation.This study demonstrated that WQPs and aromatic AAs are useful indicators for the removal of precursors to reduce HBQ formation during drinking water treatment.
基金Supported by the Beijing High Level Public Health Technology Talent Construction Project,No.backbone-03-04.
文摘A case-control study on the differences in colonic mucosa-associated microbiotas between patients with and without colorectal cancer(CRC)in the Indonesian population was recently published.The geographical distribution characteristics of the gut microbiota in the carcinogenic microenvironment are closely related to disease progression.Therefore,the results of that study are of great significance for determining the pathogenesis of CRC in the Indonesian region and for clinically diagnosing and treating CRC.While acknowledging the strengths of the study,its limitations should also be addressed.Future case-control studies of the gut microbiota based on specific populations should be further refined to provide more optimized guidance for clinical precision treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND Perioperative blood transfusion is common in gastric cancer surgery,yet its im-pact on postoperative inflammation,stress response,and long-term prognosis remains incompletely understood.AIM To investigate the effect of perioperative blood transfusion on postoperative infla-mmation and stress markers,as well as its correlation with prognosis in patients with gastric cancer undergoing radical gastrectomy.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 200 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery,divided into a non-transfusion group(n=108)and a transfusion group(n=92).Baseline characteristics,pathological features,postoperative inflammatory and stress markers,complications,and long-term survival were compared between the two groups.Statistical analyses were performed using t-tests,χ2 tests,and multivariate Cox regression analysis.RESULTS The transfusion group had a lower T-stage distribution and higher intraoperative blood loss than the non-transfusion group(P<0.05).Postoperative inflammatory markers such as white blood cell count,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,and stress markers like cortisol and adrenaline were sig-nificantly higher in the transfusion group than in the non-transfusion group(P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications was also higher in the transfusion group than in the non-transfusion group.Overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS)were significantly shorter in the transfusion group(P<0.05)than in the non-transfusion group.Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that transfusion had a negative impact on OS and DFS.CONCLUSION Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with increased postoperative inflammation,stress reactions,complication rates,and adverse prognosis in patients with gastric cancer.Reducing unnecessary transfusions can improve postoperative recovery and long-term prognosis.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China to Ping Yang with Grant number No.82202600by Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital to Ping Yang with Grant number No.2024-LCYJ-MS-11then to Shou-bin Zhan with Grant number No.2023-JCYJ-QP-25.
文摘Objective This study aims to investigate the exosome-derived metabolomics profiles in systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),identify differential metabolites,and analyze their potential as diagnostic markers for SLE and lupus nephritis(LN).Methods Totally,91 participants were enrolled between February 2023 and January 2024 including 58 SLE patients[30 with nonrenal-SLE and 28 with Lupus nephritis(LN)]and 33 healthy controls(HC).Ultracentrifugation was used to isolate serum exosomes,which were analyzed for their metabolic profiles using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry(LC–MS/MS).Endogenous metabolites were identified via public metabolite databases.Random Forest,Lasso regression and Support Vector Machine Recursive Feature Elimination(SVM-RFE)algorithms were employed to screen key metabolites,and a prediction model was constructed for SLE diagnosis and LN discrimination.ROC curves were constructed to determine the potential of these differential exosome-derived metabolites for the diagnosis of SLE.Furthermore,Spearman’s correlation was employed to evaluate the potential links between exosome-derived metabolites and the clinical parameters which reflect disease progression.Results A total of 586 endogenous serum exosome-derived metabolites showed differential expression,with 225 exosome-derived metabolites significantly upregulated,88 downregulated and 273 exhibiting no notable changes in the HC and SLE groups.Machine learning algorithms revealed three differential metabolites:Pro-Asn-Gln-Met-Ser,C24:1 sphingolipid,and protoporphyrin IX,which exhibited AUC values of 0.998,0.992 and 0.969 respectively,for distinguishing between the SLE and HC groups,with a combined AUC of 1.0.In distinguishing between the LN and SLE groups,the AUC values for these metabolites were 0.920,0.893 and 0.865,respectively,with a combined AUC of 0.931,demonstrating excellent diagnostic performance.Spearman correlation analysis revealed that Pro-Asn-Gln-Met-Ser and protoporphyrin IX were positively correlated with the SLE Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI)scores,urinary protein/creatinine ratio(ACR)and urinary protein levels,while C24:1 sphingolipid exhibited a negative correlation.Conclusions This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the exosome-derived metabolites in SLE and established a promising prediction model for SLE and LN discrimination.The correlation between exosome-derived metabolites and key clinical parameters strongly indicated their potential role in SLE pathological progression.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81770898).
文摘AIM:To explore the effect of co-host non-coding RNA(ncRNA)MIR503HG/miR-503-5p on the angiogenesis of pterygium.METHODS:MIR503HG/miR-503-5p/fibroblast growth factor 2(FGF2)expression levels in pterygium tissues,control conjunctival tissues,and human pterygium fibroblasts(HPF)were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR)and immunohistochemical methods.Effects of MIR503HG/miR-503-5p on low molecular weight FGF2(LWM FGF2),migration and angiogenesis of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells(HRMEC)were determined in an HPF and HRMEC co-culture model using Western blots,wound healing assay,Matrigel-based tube formation assay,and Transwell assay.RESULTS:MIR503HG/miR-503-5p/FGF2 pathway was actively increased in pterygium tissue and there was a negative correlation between the expression of the two ncRNAs.FGF2 expression level was positively correlated with MIR503HG and negatively correlated with miR-503-5p.Overexpressed MIR503HG/miR-503-5p did not affect the migration and angiogenesis of HRMECs cultured separately,but significantly affected migration and angiogenesis of HRMEC in HPF and HRMEC co-culture models.Western blotting revealed that MIR503HG/miR-503-5p overexpression significantly increased LMW FGF2 expression in HPF.CONCLUSION:MIR503HG/miR-503-5p inhibits HRMEC migration and angiogenic function by interfering with the interaction between HPF and endothelial cells via reducing LMW FGF2 in HPF.
文摘This work focuses on the formulation of a dietary cold sauce,mayonnaise,which combines the therapeutic properties of two basic ingredients:PSO(Pumpkin Seed Oil)and quail egg,both of which are renowned for their high functional properties.PSO is essentially made up of unsaturated fatty acids(50%to 65%)including linoleic acid,from the omega 6 family,oleic acid(20%to 50%),a monounsaturated fatty acid(omega 9),cucurbitin,phytosterols,tri-terpenes and vitamin E(3.5 mg%).The nutritional,fatty acid,vitamin and mineral compositions of the mayonnaise compared with the ingredients,the physico-chemical characteristics of the quail egg,the PSO and the tasting of the mayonnaise were determined and gave results in terms of variable contents which are recorded in Tables 2-8.The results obtained were satisfactory.Mayonnaise,a semi-solid emulsion of oil in water with viscoelastic properties due to the network formed by lipoproteins adsorbed around neighbouring drops of oil,was prepared using the ratio of quail egg and PSO 1/4.This study may offer an alternative way of making dietary sauces.
文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)is one of the most common malignant tumors globally,with its incidence particularly high in East Asia.AIM To analyze the expression of the stem cell marker musashi-1 in patients with resectable ESCC undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and its relationship with patient survival prognosis.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 74 ESCC patients treated at our hospital from June 2020 to January 2022.All patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical resection.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)was used to detect musashi-1 expression in tumor tissues.Based on the expression intensity,patients were divided into group A(n=30,IHC total score>2 indicating high expression)and group B(n=44,IHC total score 0-2 indicating low expression).The clinical pathological differences between groups A and B were compared.The treatment outcomes of both groups were compared.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting patient prognosis.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used,and logrank tests were conducted to compare differences between groups.RESULTS There were statistically significant differences in tumor maximum diameter,T stage,N stage,clinical stage,pathological grade,lymphovascular invasion,and intraoperative blood loss between groups A and B(P<0.05).The disease control rate in group A(86.67%)was lower than that in group B(100.00%)(χ^(2)=3.868,P=0.049);the objective response rate in group A(33.33%)was lower than that in group B(70.45%)(χ^(2)=9.948,P=0.001).The proportion of tumor regression grade 3+4+5 grades in group A(80.00%)was higher than in group B(43.18%)(χ^(2)=9.933,P=0.001).Univariate analysis showed that tumor maximum diameter,T stage,N stage,clinical stage,pathological grade,and musashi-1 expression were associated with patient prognosis(P<0.05).Cox regression analysis model.The results indicated that T stage[hazard ratio(HR)=1.82,95%confidence interval(CI):2.14-7.37],N stage(HR=1.70,95%CI:1.12-2.36),clinical stage(HR=2.08,95%CI:1.36-3.85),pathological grade(HR=1.54,95%CI:1.07-2.41),and musashi-1 expression(HR=2.72,95%CI:2.03-4.11)were independent risk factors affecting patient prognosis(P<0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the median overall survival in group A was 17 months,while in group B it was 28 months.Log-rank analysis revealed that the overall survival rate in group A was worse than in group B(χ^(2)=2.635,P=0.033).CONCLUSION The expression of musashi-1 is closely related to the treatment efficacy,prognosis,and survival of ESCC patients.It is expected to be a potential biomarker for evaluating the efficacy and survival prognosis of ESCC patients.
