Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The progressive degeneration of dopamine(DA)producing neurons in the midbrain is the pathological hallmark,which leads to debilitating motor...Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The progressive degeneration of dopamine(DA)producing neurons in the midbrain is the pathological hallmark,which leads to debilitating motor symptoms,including tremors,rigidity,and bradykinesia.Drug treatments,such as levodopa,provide symptomatic relief.However,they do not halt disease progression,and their effectiveness diminishes over time(reviewed in Poewe et al.,2017).展开更多
This research aims to develop the appropriate biorefinery process integrating anaerobic digestion(AD)and hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)to recover the highest energy from the pretreated elephant dung.Initially,the raw...This research aims to develop the appropriate biorefinery process integrating anaerobic digestion(AD)and hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)to recover the highest energy from the pretreated elephant dung.Initially,the raw elephant dung was physically processed by washing with water to generate the liquid waste,i.e.,washing water(WW),and solid waste,i.e.,washed fiber(WF).The appropriate substrate-to-inoculum ratio(SIR)and the inoculum source of the AD of WW were determined and the HTC temperature of WF was also examined.The results indicated that the AD of WW with the SIR of 1:2 and anaerobically digested swine manure as the inoculum presented the highest methane and energy yields of 412.3±9.9 N mL/g VS added and 2,220.1±53.03 MJ/ton dry wt.,respectively.For HTC of WF,the optimum condition was the hydrothermal temperature of 170℃ at the residence time of 60 min.The highest hydrochar and energy yields were 76.8%±1.9%dry wt.and 12,067.0±452.1 MJ/ton dry wt.,respectively.Thus,this biorefinery process could simultaneously treat elephant campderived waste and produce clean energy.展开更多
The implementation of carbon capture and storage in the petrochemical industry is one of the means of decarbonization.This research focuses on a comprehensive technical analysis of the deployment of post-combustion ca...The implementation of carbon capture and storage in the petrochemical industry is one of the means of decarbonization.This research focuses on a comprehensive technical analysis of the deployment of post-combustion carbon capture and storage based on monoethanolamine absorption in the petrochemical industry.The olefin complex petrochemical industry in Tuban,Indonesia,is the basis for the analysis,which includes a steam cracker,polyethylene,polypropylene,and raw pyrolysis gasoline hydrotreating units,with capacities of 1000,940,600,and 570 kilotons/year,respectively.The total energy consumption is about 16024.53 GJ/h,and the CO_(2) emissions are about 1.6 megatons/year.Based on these plant systems,comprehensive technical analyses of the implementation of carbon capture and storage in that industry were performed using Aspen HYSYS®simulation software.Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the total CO_(2) captured,energy intensity,monoethanolamine consumption,and net CO_(2) captured in various scenarios based on the number of absorber column stages,absorption pressure,and desorption temperature.The CO_(2) storage site is about 100 km away and is transported by an onshore pipeline with a supercritical phase of CO_(2).The optimal net CO_(2) capture value is achieved by setting up a 50-stage absorber column with a pressure of 1 barg and a temperature of 110℃ at the top of the desorber column,resulting in a CO_(2) capture yield of 86.4%and an energy intensity of 12.6 GJ/ton CO_(2).Under these conditions,the net CO_(2) captured in the scenario based on gas power plants’electricity is 0.225 megatons/year,while in the scenario based on gas power plants incorporating 30%biomass electricity,it is 0.544 megatons/year.With increased use of renewable energy in carbon capture and storage facilities,more net CO_(2) is captured.This study can be applied to various cases of post-combustion carbon capture and storage implementation in the industrial sector,especially in the petrochemical industry.展开更多
Optical microscopy with optimal axial resolution is critical for precise visualization of two-dimensional flat-top structures.Here,we present sub-diffraction-limited ultrafast imaging of hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)na...Optical microscopy with optimal axial resolution is critical for precise visualization of two-dimensional flat-top structures.Here,we present sub-diffraction-limited ultrafast imaging of hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)nanosheets using a confocal focus-engineered coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering(cFE-CARS)microscopic system.By incorporating a pinhole with a diameter of approximately 30μm,we effectively minimized the intensity of side lobes induced by circular partial pi-phase shift in the wavefront(diameter,d0)of the probe beam,as well as nonresonant background CARS intensities.Using axial-resolution-improved cFE-CARS(acFE-CARS),the achieved axial resolution is 350 nm,exhibiting a 4.3-folded increase in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to the previous case with 0.58 d0 phase mask.This improvement can be accomplished by using a phase mask of 0.24 d0.Additionally,we employed nonde-generate phase matching with three temporally separable incident beams,which facilitated cross-sectional visualization of highly-sample-specific and vibration-sensitive signals in a pump-probe fashion with subpicosecond time resolution.Our observations reveal time-dependent CARS dephasing in hBN nanosheets,induced by Raman-free induction decay(0.66 ps)in the 1373 cm^(−1) mode.展开更多
基金supported by the DGIST start-up funds from the Ministry of Science and ICT(2024010330)a National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea Government(MSIT)(No.RS-2024-00351442)(to TWK).
文摘Parkinson’s disease(PD)is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder.The progressive degeneration of dopamine(DA)producing neurons in the midbrain is the pathological hallmark,which leads to debilitating motor symptoms,including tremors,rigidity,and bradykinesia.Drug treatments,such as levodopa,provide symptomatic relief.However,they do not halt disease progression,and their effectiveness diminishes over time(reviewed in Poewe et al.,2017).
基金supported by Thailand Science Research and Innovation(TSRI)with a fundamental fund(Basic Research Fund)from Chiang Mai Rajabhat University(Grant No.TSRI.39/66)Office of the Permanent Secretary,Ministry of Higher Education,Science,Research and Innovation(OPS MHESI)(Grant No.RGNS 63-199).
文摘This research aims to develop the appropriate biorefinery process integrating anaerobic digestion(AD)and hydrothermal carbonization(HTC)to recover the highest energy from the pretreated elephant dung.Initially,the raw elephant dung was physically processed by washing with water to generate the liquid waste,i.e.,washing water(WW),and solid waste,i.e.,washed fiber(WF).The appropriate substrate-to-inoculum ratio(SIR)and the inoculum source of the AD of WW were determined and the HTC temperature of WF was also examined.The results indicated that the AD of WW with the SIR of 1:2 and anaerobically digested swine manure as the inoculum presented the highest methane and energy yields of 412.3±9.9 N mL/g VS added and 2,220.1±53.03 MJ/ton dry wt.,respectively.For HTC of WF,the optimum condition was the hydrothermal temperature of 170℃ at the residence time of 60 min.The highest hydrochar and energy yields were 76.8%±1.9%dry wt.and 12,067.0±452.1 MJ/ton dry wt.,respectively.Thus,this biorefinery process could simultaneously treat elephant campderived waste and produce clean energy.
文摘The implementation of carbon capture and storage in the petrochemical industry is one of the means of decarbonization.This research focuses on a comprehensive technical analysis of the deployment of post-combustion carbon capture and storage based on monoethanolamine absorption in the petrochemical industry.The olefin complex petrochemical industry in Tuban,Indonesia,is the basis for the analysis,which includes a steam cracker,polyethylene,polypropylene,and raw pyrolysis gasoline hydrotreating units,with capacities of 1000,940,600,and 570 kilotons/year,respectively.The total energy consumption is about 16024.53 GJ/h,and the CO_(2) emissions are about 1.6 megatons/year.Based on these plant systems,comprehensive technical analyses of the implementation of carbon capture and storage in that industry were performed using Aspen HYSYS®simulation software.Sensitivity analysis was carried out to determine the total CO_(2) captured,energy intensity,monoethanolamine consumption,and net CO_(2) captured in various scenarios based on the number of absorber column stages,absorption pressure,and desorption temperature.The CO_(2) storage site is about 100 km away and is transported by an onshore pipeline with a supercritical phase of CO_(2).The optimal net CO_(2) capture value is achieved by setting up a 50-stage absorber column with a pressure of 1 barg and a temperature of 110℃ at the top of the desorber column,resulting in a CO_(2) capture yield of 86.4%and an energy intensity of 12.6 GJ/ton CO_(2).Under these conditions,the net CO_(2) captured in the scenario based on gas power plants’electricity is 0.225 megatons/year,while in the scenario based on gas power plants incorporating 30%biomass electricity,it is 0.544 megatons/year.With increased use of renewable energy in carbon capture and storage facilities,more net CO_(2) is captured.This study can be applied to various cases of post-combustion carbon capture and storage implementation in the industrial sector,especially in the petrochemical industry.
基金National Research Foundation of Korea(2023R1A2C100531711)H.K.also acknowledges support from the DGIST R&D programs(22-CoENT-01 and 22-BT-06)funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT.V.R.acknowledges support from Department of Science and Technology(DST)Indo-Korea joint research project(INT/Korea/P-44).
文摘Optical microscopy with optimal axial resolution is critical for precise visualization of two-dimensional flat-top structures.Here,we present sub-diffraction-limited ultrafast imaging of hexagonal boron nitride(hBN)nanosheets using a confocal focus-engineered coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering(cFE-CARS)microscopic system.By incorporating a pinhole with a diameter of approximately 30μm,we effectively minimized the intensity of side lobes induced by circular partial pi-phase shift in the wavefront(diameter,d0)of the probe beam,as well as nonresonant background CARS intensities.Using axial-resolution-improved cFE-CARS(acFE-CARS),the achieved axial resolution is 350 nm,exhibiting a 4.3-folded increase in the signal-to-noise ratio compared to the previous case with 0.58 d0 phase mask.This improvement can be accomplished by using a phase mask of 0.24 d0.Additionally,we employed nonde-generate phase matching with three temporally separable incident beams,which facilitated cross-sectional visualization of highly-sample-specific and vibration-sensitive signals in a pump-probe fashion with subpicosecond time resolution.Our observations reveal time-dependent CARS dephasing in hBN nanosheets,induced by Raman-free induction decay(0.66 ps)in the 1373 cm^(−1) mode.
