The design and development of a timer based revolution per minute(RPM)measurement system were described in this paper.The rotating shaft of a dc motor was used to measure the RPM and timer integrated circuit(IC)555 wa...The design and development of a timer based revolution per minute(RPM)measurement system were described in this paper.The rotating shaft of a dc motor was used to measure the RPM and timer integrated circuit(IC)555 was used in astable mode.The frequency of timer output waveform measured by a digital storage oscilloscope(DSO)is almost linearly proportional to the RPM of rotating shaft,and the RPM also linearly varies with the change of the external input voltage level.Hence the linear relationship between the frequency of timer output waveform and the RPM can be obtained.The main advantages of this developed system are linear input-output relationship,small size,easy to carry and cost effective.展开更多
Greenhouse system (GHS) is the worldwide fastest growing phenomenon in agricultural sector. Greenhouse models are essential for improving control efficiencies. The Relative Gain Analysis (RGA) reveals that the GHS con...Greenhouse system (GHS) is the worldwide fastest growing phenomenon in agricultural sector. Greenhouse models are essential for improving control efficiencies. The Relative Gain Analysis (RGA) reveals that the GHS control is complex due to 1) high nonlinear interactions between the biological subsystem and the physical subsystem and 2) strong coupling between the process variables such as temperature and humidity. In this paper, a decoupled linear cooling model has been developed using a feedback-feed forward linearization technique. Further, based on the model developed Internal Model Control (IMC) based Proportional Integrator (PI) controller parameters are optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to achieve minimum Integral Square Error (ISE). The closed loop control is carried out using the above control schemes for set-point change and disturbance rejection. Finally, closed loop servo and servo-regulatory responses of GHS are compared quantitatively as well as qualitatively. The results implicate that IMC based PI controller using PSO provides better performance than the IMC based PI controller using GA. Also, it is observed that the disturbance introduced in one loop will not affect the other loop due to feedback-feed forward linearization and decoupling. Such a control scheme used for GHS would result in better yield in production of crops such as tomato, lettuce and broccoli.展开更多
In this paper,we have presented a simple approach for experimental and application study on LabVIEW based temperature transmitter with NI myRIO device in the laboratory.In this work,to study the small range of tempera...In this paper,we have presented a simple approach for experimental and application study on LabVIEW based temperature transmitter with NI myRIO device in the laboratory.In this work,to study the small range of temperature(40-100℃)although different temperature sensors can be used still,we have used here a K-type thermocouple as the measuring temperature sensor.The analog output voltage of thermocouple is amplified by instrumentation amplifier and the amplified signal is fed to the analog input of NI myRIO device which converts the analog input voltage signal as per the algorithm developed with virtual instrumentation based programming and provides the corresponding 4-20 mA output current signal in the analog output terminal of the device.Results show that input-output i.e.temperature-current relationship is linear.This low cost developed transmitter is very simple and it can be recommended for academic,scientific and industrial development of data acquisition systems,control and analysis of instruments.展开更多
A rigorous analysis of surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflection and scattering by electrodes is of paramount impor- tance in the design of SAW identification tags and sensors. In this paper, a new method based on Green...A rigorous analysis of surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflection and scattering by electrodes is of paramount impor- tance in the design of SAW identification tags and sensors. In this paper, a new method based on Green’s function concept is used to study reflection and scattering coefficients. By this method the reflection coefficient with its phase angle, transmission coeffi- cient, and bulk wave scattering coefficient, can be obtained rapidly and accurately. To get precise result, the influence of static charge must be taken into account. In the work, we successfully cancelled out the effect of static charge and the validity of the results was checked. As an example, the reflection, transmission and scattering coefficients of a single grounded electrode on 128° YX LiNbO3 is shown.展开更多
Fuzzy sets have undergone several expansions and generalisations in the literature,including Atanasov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets,type 2 fuzzy sets,and fuzzy multisets,to name a few.They can be regarded as fuzzy mult...Fuzzy sets have undergone several expansions and generalisations in the literature,including Atanasov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets,type 2 fuzzy sets,and fuzzy multisets,to name a few.They can be regarded as fuzzy multisets from a formal standpoint;nevertheless,their interpretation differs from the two other approaches to fuzzy multisets that are currently available.Hesitating fuzzy sets(HFS)are very useful if consultants have hesitation in dealing with group decision-making problems between several possible memberships.However,these possible memberships can be not only crisp values in[0,1],but also interval values during a practical evaluation process.Hesitant bipolar valued fuzzy set(HBVFS)is a generalization of HFS.This paper aims to introduce a general framework of multi-attribute group decision-making using social network.We propose two types of decision-making processes:Type-1 decision-making process and Type-2 decision-making process.In the Type-1 decision-making process,the experts’original opinion is proces for thefinal ranking of alternatives.In Type-2 decision making processs,there are two major aspects we consider.First,consistency tests and checking of consensus models are given for detecting that the judgments are logically rational.Otherwise,the framework demands(partial)decision-makers to review their assessments.Second,the coherence and consensus of several HBVFSs are established forfinal ranking of alternatives.The proposed framework is clarified by an example of software packages selection of a university.展开更多
Roughly, visual tracking algorithms can be divided into two main classes： deterministic tracking and stochastic tracking. Mean shift and particle filter are their typical representatives, respectively. Recently, a hy...Roughly, visual tracking algorithms can be divided into two main classes： deterministic tracking and stochastic tracking. Mean shift and particle filter are their typical representatives, respectively. Recently, a hybrid tracker, seamlessly integrating the respective advantages of mean shift and particle filter （MSPF） has achieved impressive success in robust tracking. The pivot of MSPF is to sample fewer particles using particle filter and then those particles are shifted to their respective local maximum of target searching space by mean shift. MSPF not only can greatly reduce the number of particles that particle filter required, but can remedy the deficiency of mean shift. Unfortunately, due to its inherent principle, MSPF is restricted to those applications with little changes of the target model. To make MSPF more flexible and robust, an adaptive target model is extended to MSPF in this paper. Experimental results show that MSPF with target model updating can robustly track the target through the whole sequences regardless of the change of target model.展开更多
The interdigital transducer (IDT) can excite Lamb wave in a piezoelectric plate loading with a liquid layer, and the phase velocity of Lamb wave is associated with the properties of the liquid layer. In this paper, th...The interdigital transducer (IDT) can excite Lamb wave in a piezoelectric plate loading with a liquid layer, and the phase velocity of Lamb wave is associated with the properties of the liquid layer. In this paper, the concept of effective permittivity is introduced to study the Lamb wave's potential application in liquid sensing. Considering the measuring of ideal nonviscous liquid, the sensors array is designed to sense the density and the dielectric constant of the liquid layer simultaneously. Using LiNbO3 as piezoelectric material, in order to improve the sensors array sensitivity and the electro-mechanical coupling coefficient, the optimized results including plate thicknesses and cut orientations are presented by numerical simulation. These studies show that the Lamb wave sensors array can be potential in liquid sensing.展开更多
Big data refer to the massive amounts and varieties of information in the structured and unstructured form,generated by social networking sites,biomedical equipment,financial companies,internet and websites,scientific...Big data refer to the massive amounts and varieties of information in the structured and unstructured form,generated by social networking sites,biomedical equipment,financial companies,internet and websites,scientific sensors,agriculture engineering sources,and so on.This huge amount of data cannot be processed using traditional data processing systems and technologies.Big data analytics is a process of examining information and patterns from huge data.Hence,the process needs a system architecture for data collection,transmission,storage,processing and analysis,and visualization mechanisms.In this paper,we review the background and futuristic aspects of big data.We first introduce the history,background and related technologies of big data.We focus on big data system architecture,phases and classes of big data analytics.Then we present an open source big data framework to address some of the big data challenges.Finally,we discuss different applications of big data with some examples.展开更多
This work presents a machine-learning(ML)algorithm for maximum power point tracking(MPPT)of an isolated photovoltaic(PV)system.Due to the dynamic nature of weather conditions,the energy generation of PV systems is non...This work presents a machine-learning(ML)algorithm for maximum power point tracking(MPPT)of an isolated photovoltaic(PV)system.Due to the dynamic nature of weather conditions,the energy generation of PV systems is non-linear.Since there is no specific method for effectively dealing with the non-linear data,the use of ML methods to operate the PV system at its maximum power point(MPP)is desirable.A strategy based on the decision-tree(DT)regression ML algorithm is proposed in this work to determine the MPP of a PV system.The data were gleaned from the technical specifications of the PV module and were used to train and test the DT.These algorithms predict the maximum power available and the associated voltage of the module for a defined amount of irradiance and temperature.The boost converter duty cycle was determined using predicted values.The simulation was carried out for a 10-W solar panel with a short-circuit current of 0.62 A and an open-circuit voltage of 21.50 V at 1000 W/m^(2) irradiance and a temperature of 25℃.The simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed method compelled the PV panel to work at the MPP predicted by DTs compared to the existing topologies such asβ-MPPT,cuckoo search and artificial neural network results.From the proposed algorithm,efficiency has been improved by>93.93%in the steady state despite erratic irradiance and temperatures.展开更多
文摘The design and development of a timer based revolution per minute(RPM)measurement system were described in this paper.The rotating shaft of a dc motor was used to measure the RPM and timer integrated circuit(IC)555 was used in astable mode.The frequency of timer output waveform measured by a digital storage oscilloscope(DSO)is almost linearly proportional to the RPM of rotating shaft,and the RPM also linearly varies with the change of the external input voltage level.Hence the linear relationship between the frequency of timer output waveform and the RPM can be obtained.The main advantages of this developed system are linear input-output relationship,small size,easy to carry and cost effective.
文摘Greenhouse system (GHS) is the worldwide fastest growing phenomenon in agricultural sector. Greenhouse models are essential for improving control efficiencies. The Relative Gain Analysis (RGA) reveals that the GHS control is complex due to 1) high nonlinear interactions between the biological subsystem and the physical subsystem and 2) strong coupling between the process variables such as temperature and humidity. In this paper, a decoupled linear cooling model has been developed using a feedback-feed forward linearization technique. Further, based on the model developed Internal Model Control (IMC) based Proportional Integrator (PI) controller parameters are optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to achieve minimum Integral Square Error (ISE). The closed loop control is carried out using the above control schemes for set-point change and disturbance rejection. Finally, closed loop servo and servo-regulatory responses of GHS are compared quantitatively as well as qualitatively. The results implicate that IMC based PI controller using PSO provides better performance than the IMC based PI controller using GA. Also, it is observed that the disturbance introduced in one loop will not affect the other loop due to feedback-feed forward linearization and decoupling. Such a control scheme used for GHS would result in better yield in production of crops such as tomato, lettuce and broccoli.
文摘In this paper,we have presented a simple approach for experimental and application study on LabVIEW based temperature transmitter with NI myRIO device in the laboratory.In this work,to study the small range of temperature(40-100℃)although different temperature sensors can be used still,we have used here a K-type thermocouple as the measuring temperature sensor.The analog output voltage of thermocouple is amplified by instrumentation amplifier and the amplified signal is fed to the analog input of NI myRIO device which converts the analog input voltage signal as per the algorithm developed with virtual instrumentation based programming and provides the corresponding 4-20 mA output current signal in the analog output terminal of the device.Results show that input-output i.e.temperature-current relationship is linear.This low cost developed transmitter is very simple and it can be recommended for academic,scientific and industrial development of data acquisition systems,control and analysis of instruments.
基金Project (Nos. 10074034 and 10304012) supported by the NationalNatural Science Foundation of China
文摘A rigorous analysis of surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflection and scattering by electrodes is of paramount impor- tance in the design of SAW identification tags and sensors. In this paper, a new method based on Green’s function concept is used to study reflection and scattering coefficients. By this method the reflection coefficient with its phase angle, transmission coeffi- cient, and bulk wave scattering coefficient, can be obtained rapidly and accurately. To get precise result, the influence of static charge must be taken into account. In the work, we successfully cancelled out the effect of static charge and the validity of the results was checked. As an example, the reflection, transmission and scattering coefficients of a single grounded electrode on 128° YX LiNbO3 is shown.
基金This paper was supported by Wonkwang University in 2022.
文摘Fuzzy sets have undergone several expansions and generalisations in the literature,including Atanasov’s intuitionistic fuzzy sets,type 2 fuzzy sets,and fuzzy multisets,to name a few.They can be regarded as fuzzy multisets from a formal standpoint;nevertheless,their interpretation differs from the two other approaches to fuzzy multisets that are currently available.Hesitating fuzzy sets(HFS)are very useful if consultants have hesitation in dealing with group decision-making problems between several possible memberships.However,these possible memberships can be not only crisp values in[0,1],but also interval values during a practical evaluation process.Hesitant bipolar valued fuzzy set(HBVFS)is a generalization of HFS.This paper aims to introduce a general framework of multi-attribute group decision-making using social network.We propose two types of decision-making processes:Type-1 decision-making process and Type-2 decision-making process.In the Type-1 decision-making process,the experts’original opinion is proces for thefinal ranking of alternatives.In Type-2 decision making processs,there are two major aspects we consider.First,consistency tests and checking of consensus models are given for detecting that the judgments are logically rational.Otherwise,the framework demands(partial)decision-makers to review their assessments.Second,the coherence and consensus of several HBVFSs are established forfinal ranking of alternatives.The proposed framework is clarified by an example of software packages selection of a university.
文摘Roughly, visual tracking algorithms can be divided into two main classes： deterministic tracking and stochastic tracking. Mean shift and particle filter are their typical representatives, respectively. Recently, a hybrid tracker, seamlessly integrating the respective advantages of mean shift and particle filter （MSPF） has achieved impressive success in robust tracking. The pivot of MSPF is to sample fewer particles using particle filter and then those particles are shifted to their respective local maximum of target searching space by mean shift. MSPF not only can greatly reduce the number of particles that particle filter required, but can remedy the deficiency of mean shift. Unfortunately, due to its inherent principle, MSPF is restricted to those applications with little changes of the target model. To make MSPF more flexible and robust, an adaptive target model is extended to MSPF in this paper. Experimental results show that MSPF with target model updating can robustly track the target through the whole sequences regardless of the change of target model.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10304012).
文摘The interdigital transducer (IDT) can excite Lamb wave in a piezoelectric plate loading with a liquid layer, and the phase velocity of Lamb wave is associated with the properties of the liquid layer. In this paper, the concept of effective permittivity is introduced to study the Lamb wave's potential application in liquid sensing. Considering the measuring of ideal nonviscous liquid, the sensors array is designed to sense the density and the dielectric constant of the liquid layer simultaneously. Using LiNbO3 as piezoelectric material, in order to improve the sensors array sensitivity and the electro-mechanical coupling coefficient, the optimized results including plate thicknesses and cut orientations are presented by numerical simulation. These studies show that the Lamb wave sensors array can be potential in liquid sensing.
文摘Big data refer to the massive amounts and varieties of information in the structured and unstructured form,generated by social networking sites,biomedical equipment,financial companies,internet and websites,scientific sensors,agriculture engineering sources,and so on.This huge amount of data cannot be processed using traditional data processing systems and technologies.Big data analytics is a process of examining information and patterns from huge data.Hence,the process needs a system architecture for data collection,transmission,storage,processing and analysis,and visualization mechanisms.In this paper,we review the background and futuristic aspects of big data.We first introduce the history,background and related technologies of big data.We focus on big data system architecture,phases and classes of big data analytics.Then we present an open source big data framework to address some of the big data challenges.Finally,we discuss different applications of big data with some examples.
文摘This work presents a machine-learning(ML)algorithm for maximum power point tracking(MPPT)of an isolated photovoltaic(PV)system.Due to the dynamic nature of weather conditions,the energy generation of PV systems is non-linear.Since there is no specific method for effectively dealing with the non-linear data,the use of ML methods to operate the PV system at its maximum power point(MPP)is desirable.A strategy based on the decision-tree(DT)regression ML algorithm is proposed in this work to determine the MPP of a PV system.The data were gleaned from the technical specifications of the PV module and were used to train and test the DT.These algorithms predict the maximum power available and the associated voltage of the module for a defined amount of irradiance and temperature.The boost converter duty cycle was determined using predicted values.The simulation was carried out for a 10-W solar panel with a short-circuit current of 0.62 A and an open-circuit voltage of 21.50 V at 1000 W/m^(2) irradiance and a temperature of 25℃.The simulation findings demonstrate that the proposed method compelled the PV panel to work at the MPP predicted by DTs compared to the existing topologies such asβ-MPPT,cuckoo search and artificial neural network results.From the proposed algorithm,efficiency has been improved by>93.93%in the steady state despite erratic irradiance and temperatures.
