Brain organoids encompass a large collection of in vitro stem cell–derived 3D culture systems that aim to recapitulate multiple aspects of in vivo brain development and function.First,this review provides a brief int...Brain organoids encompass a large collection of in vitro stem cell–derived 3D culture systems that aim to recapitulate multiple aspects of in vivo brain development and function.First,this review provides a brief introduction to the current state-of-the-art for neuroectoderm brain organoid development,emphasizing their biggest advantages in comparison with classical two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models.However,despite their usefulness for developmental studies,a major limitation for most brain organoid models is the absence of contributing cell types from endodermal and mesodermal origin.As such,current research is highly investing towards the incorporation of a functional vasculature and the microglial immune component.In this review,we will specifically focus on the development of immune-competent brain organoids.By summarizing the different approaches applied to incorporate microglia,it is highlighted that immune-competent brain organoids are not only important for studying neuronal network formation,but also offer a clear future as a new tool to study inflammatory responses in vitro in 3D in a brainlike environment.Therefore,our main focus here is to provide a comprehensive overview of assays to measure microglial phenotype and function within brain organoids,with an outlook on how these findings could better understand neuronal network development or restoration,as well as the influence of physical stress on microglia-containing brain organoids.Finally,we would like to stress that even though the development of immune-competent brain organoids has largely evolved over the past decade,their full potential as a pre-clinical tool to study novel therapeutic approaches to halt or reduce inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration still needs to be explored and validated.展开更多
Power consumption increases annually,wherefore the air emissions during its production occasionally increase.One of the most promising trends of environmentally safe generation of electricity is the transition to oxyg...Power consumption increases annually,wherefore the air emissions during its production occasionally increase.One of the most promising trends of environmentally safe generation of electricity is the transition to oxygen-fuel power complexes operating on a carbon dioxide working medium,with a share of its capture up to 99%.It is worth noting that the breadth of application of power technologies is determined not only on the basis of criteria of thermal efficiency and environmental safety.The most important criterion is the indicator of economic accessibility,the failure of which does not yet allow for a large-scale transition to the use of electric power technologies with the capture and disposal of greenhouse gases.In this study,a set of multifactorial models for estimating the cost of the main generating equipment operating on supercritical carbon dioxide has been developed.it is found that an increase in the initial temperature and pressure will increase the cost of the main generating equipment operating on supercritical carbon dioxide.展开更多
The Russian energy sector remains heavily reliant on thermal power plants,with gas generation accounting for approximately 66%of the installed capacity.However,the industry faces challenges such as depletion of reserv...The Russian energy sector remains heavily reliant on thermal power plants,with gas generation accounting for approximately 66%of the installed capacity.However,the industry faces challenges such as depletion of reserves,rising prices for hydrocarbons,and increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.This study focuses on developing new scientific and technical solutions to increase the efficiency and environmental safety of combined cycle power units.The research involves structural and parametric optimization of trinary cycle power plants operating on a methane-hydrogen mixture,as well as the development and optimization of turbine and heat exchange equipment for low-temperature power plants.The results show that the transition to trinary CCGT(Combine Cycle Gas Turbine)units with deep utilization and the use of hydrogen fuel can significantly reduce specific CO_(2) emissions and increase energy efficiency up to 0.21%with also increases in capacity of turbine of approximately 17 MW.The aim of this research is to calculate the efficiency,cost effectiveness and environmental-friendly solution for power generation using mixture of hydrogen-methane as fuel in combine cycle power plant that includes ORC.Additionally,the efficiency of the organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)benefits from the increased moisture,with capacity improvements of 1–2 MW observed when the hydrogen proportion rises from 25%to 50%.Moreover,the potential for zero emissions,coupled with significant increases in power output and efficiency,underscores hydrogen’s role as a pivotal component in the future of energy production.展开更多
The liver is the most common site of metastases in patients with colorectal cancer.Colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs)are the result of molecular mechanisms that involve different cells of the liver microenvironment.Th...The liver is the most common site of metastases in patients with colorectal cancer.Colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs)are the result of molecular mechanisms that involve different cells of the liver microenvironment.The aberrant activation of Wingless/It(Wnt)/β-catenin signals downstream of Wnt ligands initially drives the oncogenic transformation of the colon epithelium,but also the progression of metastatization through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymalepithelial transition interactions.In liver microenvironment,metastatic cells can also survive and adapt through dormancy,which makes them less susceptible to pro-apoptotic signals and therapies.Treatment of CRLMs is challenging due to its variability and heterogeneity.Advances in surgery and oncology have been made in the last decade and a pivotal role for Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been recognized in chemoresistance.At the state of art,there is a lack of clear understanding of why and how this occurs and thus where exactly the opportunities for developing anti-CRLMs therapies may lie.In this review,current knowledge on the involvement of Wnt signaling in the development of CRLMs was considered.In addition,an overview of useful biomarkers with a revision of surgical and non-surgical therapies currently accepted in the clinical practice for colorectal liver metastasis patients were provided.展开更多
Objective:To develop and bench-validate a fully passive,wireless implantable pressure monitoring system(WIPS)for on-demand assessment of intra-sac pressure in patients with endovascular aneurysm repair(EVAR)for abdomi...Objective:To develop and bench-validate a fully passive,wireless implantable pressure monitoring system(WIPS)for on-demand assessment of intra-sac pressure in patients with endovascular aneurysm repair(EVAR)for abdominal aortic aneurysms.Methods:WIPS includes a flexible 15 mm×145 mm implant integrating four pressure sensors(MS5839),an RFID tag(ST25DV04KC),and an ultra-low-power microcontroller(STM32L011).The device is powered wirelessly via 13.56 MHz RFID,enabling pressure measurements at configurable resolutions without need for batteries.Data is stored locally and retrieved via an external Reader(RD520).Benchtop tests evaluated power consumption,telemetry range,and sensor linearity in air,heated saline,and a biologically representative meat model.Uniform 1μm and 2μm Parylene C coatings were applied intentionally,as two predefined thickness conditions,to evaluate biocompatibility without compromising sensor performance.Results:Total power consumption remained below 4 mW across all oversampling ratios(OSRs).In free air,reliable telemetry was achieved up to 24 cm at 6 W Reader output.Heated mineral water reduced the optimal distance to 16 cm,and physiological saline limited it to 4 cm.In the Meat Model,a fixed 18 cm tissue path yielded 100%link reliability for OSR≤1024 at 5 W.Parylene C coatings did not alter pressure linearity or hysteresis.The strip is compatible with a 20 F delivery sheath,suggesting compatibility with standard EVAR catheters.Conclusions:WIPS combines low power consumption,deep-tissue wireless telemetry,and catheter-based deliverability,addressing longstanding limitations in implantable EVAR surveillance tools.These benchtop findings support feasibility for future in vivo testing in large animal models to validate long-term safety and clinical integration.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.During severe exacerbations,COPD patients may develop acute respiratory failure(ARF),often necessitating hospital admission du...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.During severe exacerbations,COPD patients may develop acute respiratory failure(ARF),often necessitating hospital admission due to impaired gas exchange.In COPD patients,the diaphragm is subjected to an increased workload resulting from airflow limitations and geometric changes in the thorax due to pulmonary hyperinflation.Noninvasive ventilation(NIV)plays a crucial role in managing type II ARF by improving alveolar ventilation,reducing the work of breathing,minimizing the need for endotracheal intubation(ETI),and decreasing both hospital stays and mortality rates.Studies have shown that approximately 64%of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD(AECOPD)may fail NIV,primarily due to worsening respiratory function,interface intolerance,cardiovascular instability,or neurological deterioration.For patients intolerant to NIV,a trial with a high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)is recommended.Recently,HFNC has gained popularity as a novel respiratory support system and is increasingly used in routine clinical practice for AECOPD patients.It delivers warmed,humidified,and oxygen-enriched air through a nasal cannula at flow rates of up to 60 L/min.This narrative review aims to describe the physiological effects of HFNC in the COPD population and provide an updated overview of HFNC’s role in AECOPD patients requiring hospitalization.展开更多
In this study,the influence of conventional and organic managements on Vitis vinifera cv.Trebbiano Abruzzese on fungal community was investigated.Moreover,spontaneous vinifications were performed,and wines were charac...In this study,the influence of conventional and organic managements on Vitis vinifera cv.Trebbiano Abruzzese on fungal community was investigated.Moreover,spontaneous vinifications were performed,and wines were characterized for some oenological parameters and aroma profiles.A core of 8 genera was detected(Zygosaccharomyces spp.,Cladosporium spp.,Botrytis spp.,Hanseniaspora spp.,Pichia spp.,Alternaria spp.,Candida spp.,Aureobasidium spp.),while some genera were unique for each grape sample.Saccharomyces spp.and Mucor spp.were present only on conventional grapes,while Penicillium spp.and Aspergillus spp.only on organic ones.At the species level Aureobasidium pullulans,Cladosporium cladosporioides and Pichia terricola dominated in both samples with varying abundance depending on the vineyard management.The fermentation performed with conventional grapes resulted in a faster rate than that performed with organic ones.No significative differences were observed for the oenological parameters analyzed with the only exception of ethanol content which was higher in conventional wines than in organic ones:11.57±0.10 g/L and 10.51±0.09 g/L,respectively.Conventional wines were characterized by the presence of aldehydes,while organic ones by terpenes and β-damascenone.The obtained results suggested an effect of vineyard practices on grape fungal community which could in turn influence some characteristics of Trebbiano d’Abruzzo wines.展开更多
基金funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skodowska-Curie grant agreement No.813263(PMSMat Train,granted to UF,PP,MV,and DP)provided by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders(FWO-Vlaanderen)of the Flemish Government(FWO sabbatical bench fee K800224N granted to PP)and ERA-NET Re Park(granted to PP)。
文摘Brain organoids encompass a large collection of in vitro stem cell–derived 3D culture systems that aim to recapitulate multiple aspects of in vivo brain development and function.First,this review provides a brief introduction to the current state-of-the-art for neuroectoderm brain organoid development,emphasizing their biggest advantages in comparison with classical two-dimensional cell cultures and animal models.However,despite their usefulness for developmental studies,a major limitation for most brain organoid models is the absence of contributing cell types from endodermal and mesodermal origin.As such,current research is highly investing towards the incorporation of a functional vasculature and the microglial immune component.In this review,we will specifically focus on the development of immune-competent brain organoids.By summarizing the different approaches applied to incorporate microglia,it is highlighted that immune-competent brain organoids are not only important for studying neuronal network formation,but also offer a clear future as a new tool to study inflammatory responses in vitro in 3D in a brainlike environment.Therefore,our main focus here is to provide a comprehensive overview of assays to measure microglial phenotype and function within brain organoids,with an outlook on how these findings could better understand neuronal network development or restoration,as well as the influence of physical stress on microglia-containing brain organoids.Finally,we would like to stress that even though the development of immune-competent brain organoids has largely evolved over the past decade,their full potential as a pre-clinical tool to study novel therapeutic approaches to halt or reduce inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration still needs to be explored and validated.
基金This study conducted by Moscow Power Engineering Institute was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(project No.FSWF-2023-0014,contract No.075-03-2023-383,2023/18/01).
文摘Power consumption increases annually,wherefore the air emissions during its production occasionally increase.One of the most promising trends of environmentally safe generation of electricity is the transition to oxygen-fuel power complexes operating on a carbon dioxide working medium,with a share of its capture up to 99%.It is worth noting that the breadth of application of power technologies is determined not only on the basis of criteria of thermal efficiency and environmental safety.The most important criterion is the indicator of economic accessibility,the failure of which does not yet allow for a large-scale transition to the use of electric power technologies with the capture and disposal of greenhouse gases.In this study,a set of multifactorial models for estimating the cost of the main generating equipment operating on supercritical carbon dioxide has been developed.it is found that an increase in the initial temperature and pressure will increase the cost of the main generating equipment operating on supercritical carbon dioxide.
基金This study conducted by Moscow Power Engineering Institute was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation(project No.FSWF-2023-0014,contract No.075-03-2023-383,2023/18/01).
文摘The Russian energy sector remains heavily reliant on thermal power plants,with gas generation accounting for approximately 66%of the installed capacity.However,the industry faces challenges such as depletion of reserves,rising prices for hydrocarbons,and increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.This study focuses on developing new scientific and technical solutions to increase the efficiency and environmental safety of combined cycle power units.The research involves structural and parametric optimization of trinary cycle power plants operating on a methane-hydrogen mixture,as well as the development and optimization of turbine and heat exchange equipment for low-temperature power plants.The results show that the transition to trinary CCGT(Combine Cycle Gas Turbine)units with deep utilization and the use of hydrogen fuel can significantly reduce specific CO_(2) emissions and increase energy efficiency up to 0.21%with also increases in capacity of turbine of approximately 17 MW.The aim of this research is to calculate the efficiency,cost effectiveness and environmental-friendly solution for power generation using mixture of hydrogen-methane as fuel in combine cycle power plant that includes ORC.Additionally,the efficiency of the organic Rankine Cycle(ORC)benefits from the increased moisture,with capacity improvements of 1–2 MW observed when the hydrogen proportion rises from 25%to 50%.Moreover,the potential for zero emissions,coupled with significant increases in power output and efficiency,underscores hydrogen’s role as a pivotal component in the future of energy production.
文摘The liver is the most common site of metastases in patients with colorectal cancer.Colorectal liver metastases(CRLMs)are the result of molecular mechanisms that involve different cells of the liver microenvironment.The aberrant activation of Wingless/It(Wnt)/β-catenin signals downstream of Wnt ligands initially drives the oncogenic transformation of the colon epithelium,but also the progression of metastatization through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition/mesenchymalepithelial transition interactions.In liver microenvironment,metastatic cells can also survive and adapt through dormancy,which makes them less susceptible to pro-apoptotic signals and therapies.Treatment of CRLMs is challenging due to its variability and heterogeneity.Advances in surgery and oncology have been made in the last decade and a pivotal role for Wnt/β-catenin pathway has been recognized in chemoresistance.At the state of art,there is a lack of clear understanding of why and how this occurs and thus where exactly the opportunities for developing anti-CRLMs therapies may lie.In this review,current knowledge on the involvement of Wnt signaling in the development of CRLMs was considered.In addition,an overview of useful biomarkers with a revision of surgical and non-surgical therapies currently accepted in the clinical practice for colorectal liver metastasis patients were provided.
文摘Objective:To develop and bench-validate a fully passive,wireless implantable pressure monitoring system(WIPS)for on-demand assessment of intra-sac pressure in patients with endovascular aneurysm repair(EVAR)for abdominal aortic aneurysms.Methods:WIPS includes a flexible 15 mm×145 mm implant integrating four pressure sensors(MS5839),an RFID tag(ST25DV04KC),and an ultra-low-power microcontroller(STM32L011).The device is powered wirelessly via 13.56 MHz RFID,enabling pressure measurements at configurable resolutions without need for batteries.Data is stored locally and retrieved via an external Reader(RD520).Benchtop tests evaluated power consumption,telemetry range,and sensor linearity in air,heated saline,and a biologically representative meat model.Uniform 1μm and 2μm Parylene C coatings were applied intentionally,as two predefined thickness conditions,to evaluate biocompatibility without compromising sensor performance.Results:Total power consumption remained below 4 mW across all oversampling ratios(OSRs).In free air,reliable telemetry was achieved up to 24 cm at 6 W Reader output.Heated mineral water reduced the optimal distance to 16 cm,and physiological saline limited it to 4 cm.In the Meat Model,a fixed 18 cm tissue path yielded 100%link reliability for OSR≤1024 at 5 W.Parylene C coatings did not alter pressure linearity or hysteresis.The strip is compatible with a 20 F delivery sheath,suggesting compatibility with standard EVAR catheters.Conclusions:WIPS combines low power consumption,deep-tissue wireless telemetry,and catheter-based deliverability,addressing longstanding limitations in implantable EVAR surveillance tools.These benchtop findings support feasibility for future in vivo testing in large animal models to validate long-term safety and clinical integration.
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.During severe exacerbations,COPD patients may develop acute respiratory failure(ARF),often necessitating hospital admission due to impaired gas exchange.In COPD patients,the diaphragm is subjected to an increased workload resulting from airflow limitations and geometric changes in the thorax due to pulmonary hyperinflation.Noninvasive ventilation(NIV)plays a crucial role in managing type II ARF by improving alveolar ventilation,reducing the work of breathing,minimizing the need for endotracheal intubation(ETI),and decreasing both hospital stays and mortality rates.Studies have shown that approximately 64%of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD(AECOPD)may fail NIV,primarily due to worsening respiratory function,interface intolerance,cardiovascular instability,or neurological deterioration.For patients intolerant to NIV,a trial with a high-flow nasal cannula(HFNC)is recommended.Recently,HFNC has gained popularity as a novel respiratory support system and is increasingly used in routine clinical practice for AECOPD patients.It delivers warmed,humidified,and oxygen-enriched air through a nasal cannula at flow rates of up to 60 L/min.This narrative review aims to describe the physiological effects of HFNC in the COPD population and provide an updated overview of HFNC’s role in AECOPD patients requiring hospitalization.
基金This research was funded by Orsogna winery and by the European Union-Next Generation EU.Project Code:ECS00000041Project CUP:C43C22000380007Project Title:Innovation,digitalization and sustainability for the diffused economy in Central Italy-VITALITY.
文摘In this study,the influence of conventional and organic managements on Vitis vinifera cv.Trebbiano Abruzzese on fungal community was investigated.Moreover,spontaneous vinifications were performed,and wines were characterized for some oenological parameters and aroma profiles.A core of 8 genera was detected(Zygosaccharomyces spp.,Cladosporium spp.,Botrytis spp.,Hanseniaspora spp.,Pichia spp.,Alternaria spp.,Candida spp.,Aureobasidium spp.),while some genera were unique for each grape sample.Saccharomyces spp.and Mucor spp.were present only on conventional grapes,while Penicillium spp.and Aspergillus spp.only on organic ones.At the species level Aureobasidium pullulans,Cladosporium cladosporioides and Pichia terricola dominated in both samples with varying abundance depending on the vineyard management.The fermentation performed with conventional grapes resulted in a faster rate than that performed with organic ones.No significative differences were observed for the oenological parameters analyzed with the only exception of ethanol content which was higher in conventional wines than in organic ones:11.57±0.10 g/L and 10.51±0.09 g/L,respectively.Conventional wines were characterized by the presence of aldehydes,while organic ones by terpenes and β-damascenone.The obtained results suggested an effect of vineyard practices on grape fungal community which could in turn influence some characteristics of Trebbiano d’Abruzzo wines.
