Objective: To discuss some key points about nursing in the use of DDG-3300K liver reserve function analyzer in patients at the department of infectious diseases. Method: DDG-3300K liver reserve function analyzer was a...Objective: To discuss some key points about nursing in the use of DDG-3300K liver reserve function analyzer in patients at the department of infectious diseases. Method: DDG-3300K liver reserve function analyzer was applied to 5464 patients at the department of infectious diseases. The reasons for failed detection and complications related to the detection were analyzed, and the measures for improving the nursing procedures were proposed. Result: Among the 5464 patients, the detections were successful at the first attempt in 5458 patients;2 patients had leakage of liquid;2 patients were poorly prepared, and 1 case failed because of mistaken selection of CO mode, which led to adverse drug reactions;1 case did not finish the detection due to anaphylactic shock;8 patients had nausea and 6 patients had skin rash on the four limbs and torso during the detection. Conclusion: It is necessary to formulate the nursing procedures for the use of DDG-3300K liver reserve function analyzer. Moreover, preparatory work, health education, refined nursing procedures and skillful operations are closely related to the success rate and accuracy of the detection.展开更多
Objectives: To identify predictive factors for poor prognosis during cerebral toxoplasmosis at Donka Hospital. Methods: It was a retrospective study of descriptive and analytic type lasting one year six months (18 mon...Objectives: To identify predictive factors for poor prognosis during cerebral toxoplasmosis at Donka Hospital. Methods: It was a retrospective study of descriptive and analytic type lasting one year six months (18 months) from January 1st, 2016 to June 30th, 2017 which involved patients admitted and hospitalized for cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV field. Data enter was performed by Epi data 3.1 software and SPSS 21 software for statistical analysis. The threshold of significance was p Results: We observed 87 cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT). The mean age was 38.53 ± 12.16. The clinical signs were mainly infectious syndrome (100%), headache (69.0%), confusion (46.0%) and meningeal syndrome (41.4%). The lethality was 37.9%. Living with a partner (p = 0.007), CD4 at initiation of antiretroviral therapy 3 (p = 0.009), and coma (p = 0.02) were the factors associated with death. Conclusion: This study showed that cerebral toxoplasmosis is associated with very high morbidity and mortality in the Infectious Diseases Department of Donka National Hospital. Living in a relationship, CD4 counts at baseline 3 and coma were independently associated with death. Special attention to these factors associated with infectious resuscitation and primary prevention in patients with a CD4 T lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm may improve the prognosis of this pathology.展开更多
Global environmental changes including climate warming,extreme weather events,ambient air pollution,freshwater contamination,and landscape transformation are reshaping the epidemiology of infectious diseases with unpr...Global environmental changes including climate warming,extreme weather events,ambient air pollution,freshwater contamination,and landscape transformation are reshaping the epidemiology of infectious diseases with unprecedented complexity,particularly in the post-COVID-19 era.This review synthesizes evidence from the past decade(2015-2024)to systematically elucidate how key environmental drivers modulate pathogen emergence,transmission dynamics,and clinical outcomes,with a focus on underlying mechanistic pathways.Specifically,we highlight:(1)the temperature-and precipitation-dependent transmission of vector-borne diseases(e.g.,malaria,dengue)via expanded vector habitats and accelerated pathogen incubation;(2)the exacerbation of respiratory infections(including COVID-19)by particulate matter(PM2.5)and nitrogen dioxide(NO2)through impaired mucosal immunity and enhanced inflammatory responses;(3)the persistence of diarrheal diseases in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)linked to water insecurity and climate-induced infrastructure failure;and(4)zoonotic spillover risks amplified by urbanization and deforestation-driven human-wildlife interface disruption.Integrating the One Health socioecological framework,we further summarize methodological advances from high-resolution genomic surveillance to climate-informed machine learning models that have improved causal inference and predictive accuracy.Our synthesis confirms that environmental factors are not merely contextual but central,modifiable determinants of infectious disease risk,with disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations.To mitigate future threats,we emphasize the urgency of interdisciplinary collaboration,integrated environmental-health monitoring platforms,and climate-resilient public health policies tailored to post-pandemic challenges.This review provides a timely roadmap for translating environmental epidemiology insights into actionable strategies to strengthen global health resilience.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate laboratory findings that predict bacterial meningitis in emergency service and their diagnostic effectiveness.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients presenting with m...Objective:To evaluate laboratory findings that predict bacterial meningitis in emergency service and their diagnostic effectiveness.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients presenting with meningitis symptoms at a referral hospital in Mersin,Turkey,between January 2019 and January 2022.Clinical findings and laboratory results,including leukocyte count,C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin levels in blood,were examined.Logistic regression,Chi square test,and receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve analyses assessed the predictive value of these parameters.Results:A total of 199 participants were included in the study;99 patients were diagnosed with meningitis after lumbar puncture and 100 served as controls.Patients with meningitis exhibited significantly higher leukocyte counts(median:11890×10^(3)/μL vs.7905×10^(3)/μL,P<0.001)and CRP levels(median:6.00 mg/dL vs.0.95 mg/dL,P<0.001)compared to controls.Procalcitonin levels were significantly elevated in meningitis patients(median:0.21 ng/mL vs.0.10 ng/mL,P<0.001).Logistic regression identified albumin(OR=0.16,95%CI=0.06-0.40),and CRP(OR=1.18,95%CI=1.08-1.28)as independent predictors of meningitis.ROC analysis for CRP demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.6%and specificity of 70.0%at a cut-off value of 2.23 mg/dL(AUC=0.792).Conclusions:Elevated albumin levels and CRP contents in the blood were significant predictors of meningitis in emergency service.Early identification of predictive markers may aid in timely lumbar puncture and management of atypical cases.展开更多
Rapid and accurate detection of infectious virus particles, not just viral nucleic acid, is essential to avoid unnecessary quarantine and effectively control the spread of viral diseases such as coronavirus disease 20...Rapid and accurate detection of infectious virus particles, not just viral nucleic acid, is essential to avoid unnecessary quarantine and effectively control the spread of viral diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was the most widely used detection technique during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, it cannot discriminate between intact infectious viruses and surface-distorted, non-infectious virus particles or naked viral RNA. In this study, we present a strategy for the specific detection of infectious coronaviruses by combining viral receptor capture and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). We successfully applied this strategy to detect infectious virus particles of the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus and the human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63). Virus particles were first captured on ELISA plates coated with the recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Viral RNA was then extracted from the particles and detected by RT-LAMP using virus-specific primers. In our experimental setting, the proposed method had a minimum detection limit (LOD) of 90 PFU/mL, sensitivity of 96.2%, and specificity of 100%. Our study provides a proof-of-concept that viral receptor capture combined with RT-LAMP can differentiate infectious coronaviruses from non-infectious virions or naked viral RNA. This paves the way for this virus detection strategy to become a mainstream tool for the management, prevention and control of epidemic coronavirus diseases.展开更多
Introduction: Parasitic diseases remain a public health problem in Burkina Faso, as they are in other developing countries. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics of para...Introduction: Parasitic diseases remain a public health problem in Burkina Faso, as they are in other developing countries. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics of parasitosis diagnosed in the infectious diseases department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital. Patients and Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection during the period from January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2022. Results: From January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2022, a total of 2829 patients were admitted to the infectious diseases department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou. Among them, 624 patients suffered from parasitic pathologies, representing a hospital prevalence of 22%. The patients were predominantly male with a sex ratio of 1.1. The average age was 34 years ± 11. Most patients (74.7%) lived in the capital city of Ouagadougou. Ten percent (10%) of the patients with parasitosis were infected with HIV (PLHIV). Out of a total of 624 cases of parasitosis, protozoosis represented 97%, of which 80% were malaria cases. Clinical signs were dominated by neurological signs, digestive signs and dehydration. Comorbidities were dominated by HIV infection, tuberculosis and digestive candidiasis. Under treatment, the evolution was marked by a lethality of 10%. Conclusion: Protozoosis were the most frequently diagnosed. They were dominated by malaria and opportunistic parasitosis during AIDS. These results argue for a revitalization of voluntary HIV testing and careful management of PLHIV.展开更多
Introduction: In Burkina Faso, as in most developing countries, limited access to biological tests forces practitioners to resort very often to probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study is to deter...Introduction: In Burkina Faso, as in most developing countries, limited access to biological tests forces practitioners to resort very often to probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of this prescription. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department in the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2020. The records of patients who received probabilistic antibiotic therapy were included. Results: During the study period, 330 patients had received probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The majority of patients were male (53%), with a sex ratio of 1.12. The mean age of the patients was 33 years ± 14. The age range of 20 to 40 years was the most represented (42%). Fifteen percent (15%) of patients were living with HIV. The majority of patients were from urban areas (56.4%). Forty-nine percent (49%) of the patients worked in the informal sector. Clinically, the reasons for consultation were dominated by fever, alteration of general condition, neurological disorders, digestive disorders, respiratory signs, urinary signs and diffuse pain. The physical examination showed that 48.1% of the patients had meningeal irritation syndrome, 10% had convulsions and 10% had focal signs, trismus was present in 4% of the patients and facial paralysis in 3%. In the digestive system, hepatomegaly was present in 29% of patients and digestive candidiasis in 31%. Respiratory examination showed crepitus and fluid effusion syndrome in 26.83% and 20.62% of patients respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was dominated by bacterial meningitis, salmonellosis and bronchopneumonia with banal germs. In terms of treatment, the beta-lactam family of drugs was the most prescribed. They were followed by aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The evolution was marked by the death of 50 patients (15%). Conclusion: The most prescribed molecules belong to the family of Beta-lactam. And this prescription improved the outcome of patients. Bacterial susceptibility studies will allow better orientation of probabilistic antibiotic therapy in order to limit the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria.展开更多
BACKGROUND In China,hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is the most common liver failure characterized by serious clinical syndromes of liver decompensation with a very high mortality.B...BACKGROUND In China,hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is the most common liver failure characterized by serious clinical syndromes of liver decompensation with a very high mortality.Bacterial and/or fungal infections are the most common complications that are associated with high short-term mortality.Bacterial translocation from the intestine,impaired hepatic clearance,and immune paralysis of circulating immune cells are thought to contribute to infectious complications in liver failure.The control of bacterial and fungal infections is the key to improving HBV-ACLF outcomes.Active prevention,early diagnosis,and timely treatment of bacterial and fungal infections are essential for treating HBV-ACLF.AIM To investigate the frequency and role of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with HBV-ACLF.METHODS Patients with HBV-ACLF hospitalized at Taihe Hospital,Hubei University of Medicine from January 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively enrolled.Patient-related information was retrieved from the hospital case database,including general information,blood biochemistry,complications,etc.According to the occurrence of secondary infection or not,the patients were divided into an infection group and a non-infection group.The sites,types,and incidences of bacterial and fungal infections and the influence of infections on the prognosis of HBV-ACLF were statistically analyzed.The risk factors for infections were assessed by unconditional logistic regression.RESULTS There were 174 cases of HBV-ACLF that met the enrollment criteria,of which 114 (65.52%) were diagnosed with infectious complications.Infections occurred in the abdominal cavity (87 cases),respiratory tract (51 cases),urinary tract (18 cases),and biliary tract (10 cases).Patients with infectious complications had a significantly higher 28-d mortality (70.18%,80/114) than those without (40.00%,24/60)(70.18% vs 40.00%,P < 0.05).And patients with infectious complications had a much higher incidence of non-infectious complications (54.39%,62/114)(54.39% vs 15.00%,P < 0.05),leading to an extremely high 28-d mortality of 88.71%(55/62)(P < 0.05).The grade of liver failure,period of hospital stay ≥ 30 d,age ≥ 45 years,and percentage of neutrophils > 70% were identified as risk factors for infectious complications.CONCLUSION The high incidence of infectious complications in patients with HBV-ACLF is associated with severity and deterioration of the disease and may contribute to the extremely high mortality of these patients.展开更多
The present study aimed to establish a list of parameters indicative of pathogen invasion and develop a predictive model to distinguish the etiologies of fever of unknown origin (FUO) into infectious and non-infectiou...The present study aimed to establish a list of parameters indicative of pathogen invasion and develop a predictive model to distinguish the etiologies of fever of unknown origin (FUO) into infectious and non-infectious causes.From January 2014 to September 2017,431 patients with FUO were prospectively enrolled in the study population.This study established a list of 26 variables from the following 4aspects:host factors,epidemiological factors,behavioral factors,and iatrogenic factors.Predefined predicted variables were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to develop a predictive model.The predictive model and the corresponding scoring system were developed using data from the confirmed diagnoses and 9 variables were eventually identified.These factors were incorporated into the predictive model.This model discriminated between infectious and non-infectious causes of FUO with an AUC of 0.72,sensitivity of 0.71, and specificity of 0.63.The predictive model and corresponding scoring system based on factors concerning pathogen invasion appear to be reliable screening tools to discriminate between infectious and non-infectious causes of FUO.展开更多
Objectives:This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:The strategies...Objectives:This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:The strategies of the Nursing Department included an early warning for prevention and control,taking functions of vertically commanding and horizontally coordinating,and reasonably allocating nursing workforce,to facilitate centralized treatment work in the in-hospital fever clinic,isolation wards and ICU,and referral and admission of critical patients.Five special groups were established in charge of training and examination,management and supervision,psychological support,logistical support,and reporting and publicity,respectively.Results:It was achieved that no deaths from critical patients and no medical staff,no other patients were infected.Conclusion:Through the implementation of these strategies,safe and efficient centralized treatment was ensured timely,orderly and sustainably.展开更多
Nervous system infections are among the most important diseases in travellers.Healthy travellers might be exposed to infectious agents of central nervous system,which may require in-patient care.Progressive course is ...Nervous system infections are among the most important diseases in travellers.Healthy travellers might be exposed to infectious agents of central nervous system,which may require in-patient care.Progressive course is not uncommon in this family of disorders and requires swift diagnosis.An overview of the available evidence in the field is.therefore,Urgent to pave the way to increase the awareness of travel-medicine practitioners and highlights dark areas for future research.In November 2013,data were collected from PubMed,Scopus,and Web of knowledge(1980 to2013) including books,reviews,and peer-reviewed literature,Works pertained to pre-travel care,interventions,vaccinations related neurological infections were retrieved.Here we provide information on pre-travel care,vaccination,chronic nervous system disorders,and post-travel complications.Recommendations with regard to knowledge gaps,and state-of-the-art research are made.Given an increasing number of international travellers,novel dynamic ways are available for physicians to monitor spread of central nervous system infections.Newer research has made great progresses in developing newer medications,detecting the spread of infections and the public awareness.Despite an ongoing scientific discussion in the field of travel medicine,further research is required for vaccine development,state-of-the-art laboratory tests,and genetic engineering of vectors.展开更多
Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape ...Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases.Whether in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases.All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases.China is one of the cradles of world civilization.The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases.In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease.The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.展开更多
The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 p...The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 participants from the UK Biobank,with 75209 participants diagnosed with infectious diseases.Participants reporting the highest intake frequency of processed meat(odds ratio[OR]=1.0964,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.0622–1.1318)and red meat(OR=1.0895,95%CI:1.0563–1.1239)had a higher risk of infectious diseases,compared with those with the lowest intake frequency.Consuming fish 2.0–2.9 times(OR=0.8221,95%CI:0.7955–0.8496),cheese≥5.0 times(OR=0.8822,95%CI:0.8559–0.9092),fruit 3.0–3.9 servings(OR=0.8867,95%CI:0.8661–0.9078),and vegetables 2.0–2.9 servings(OR=0.9372,95%CI:0.9189–0.9559)per week were associated with a lower risk of infection.Low meat-eaters(OR=0.9404,95%CI:0.9243–0.9567),fish-eaters(OR=0.8391,95%CI:0.7887–0.8919),and vegetarians(OR=0.9154,95%CI:0.8561–0.9778)had a lower risk of infectious diseases,compared with regular meat-eaters.The mediation analysis revealed that glycosylated hemoglobin,white blood cell count,and body mass index served as the mediators in the associations between diet and infectious diseases.The current study indicates that the intake frequency of food groups is a risk factor for infectious diseases,and fish-eaters have a lower risk of infection.展开更多
Infectious diseases result from the interactions of host, pathogens, and, in the case of vector-borne diseases, also vec- tors. The interactions involve physiological and ecological mechanisms and they have evolved un...Infectious diseases result from the interactions of host, pathogens, and, in the case of vector-borne diseases, also vec- tors. The interactions involve physiological and ecological mechanisms and they have evolved under a given set of environmental conditions. Environmental change, therefore, will alter host-pathogen-vector interactions and, consequently, the distribution, in- tensity, and dynamics of infectious diseases. Here, we review how climate change may impact infectious diseases of aquatic and terrestrial wildlife. Climate change can have direct impacts on distribution, life cycle, and physiological status of hosts, pathogens and vectors. While a change in either host, pathogen or vector does not necessarily translate into an alteration of the disease, it is the impact of climate change on the interactions between the disease components which is particularly critical for altered disease risks. Finally, climate factors can modulate disease through modifying the ecological networks host-pathogen-vector systems are belonging to, and climate change can combine with other environmental stressors to induce cumulative effects on infectious dis- eases. Overall, the influence of climate change on infectious diseases involves different mechanisms, it can be modulated by phenotypic acclimation and/or genotypic adaptation, it depends on the ecological context of the host-pathogen-vector interactions, and it can be modulated by impacts of other stressors. As a consequence of this complexity, non-linear responses of disease sys- tems under climate change are to be expected. To improve predictions on climate change impacts on infectious disease, we sug- gest that more emphasis should be given to the integration of biomedical and ecological research for studying both the physio- logical and ecological mechanisms which mediate climate change impacts on disease, and to the development of harmonized methods and approaches to obtain more comparable results, as this would support the discrimination of case-specific versus gen- eral mechanisms .展开更多
Introduction: The transmission of infectious agents through the hands of nursing staff during care is the main cause of nosocomial infections. Hand hygiene has been recognized for over a century as an effective measur...Introduction: The transmission of infectious agents through the hands of nursing staff during care is the main cause of nosocomial infections. Hand hygiene has been recognized for over a century as an effective measure to prevent healthcare associated infections in healthcare settings, the objective of this study was to appreciate the practice of hand hygiene during care by health professionals in the medical-surgical emergency department of the Donka National Hospital. Methods: It was a cross-sectional, analytical study. Data collection took place from March 1 to April 30, 2021. The study covered all health professionals, namely doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, radiography technicians, pharmacists, students, stretcher bearers, surfactants who were present at the time of the study period. Results: During the study period, out of a total of 104 registered health professionals, we surveyed 99, which is a rate of 95%. The most represented age group was [30 - 39 years] with an average of 37.17 ± 10.34 years, and extremes of 22 years to 65 years. The male sex was the most dominant or 59.60% compared to the female sex or 40.40% with a sex ratio of 1.47. The hand hygiene compliance rate was low at 21%. The practice of hand hygiene during care for 100% of health professionals was very low, at 8.08%. No factors influence the observance of the practice of hand hygiene and the socio-professional characteristics of the conditions of provision of care activities. Conclusion: Hand hygiene during care is an essential aspect that must be considered as an essential measure in the prevention of infections in this period of the COVID-19 pandemic.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis causes multiple organ and multiple system diseases,especially the digestive system.Schistosome eggs are mainly deposited in the stomach,liver and colorectal,but a few eggs are deposi...BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis causes multiple organ and multiple system diseases,especially the digestive system.Schistosome eggs are mainly deposited in the stomach,liver and colorectal,but a few eggs are deposited in the appendix and cause disease.At present,there are few studies on schistosomal appendicitis.AIM To explore the differences in epidemiological,clinical and pathological characteristics between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis over the past decade in order to assess the impact of schistosomiasis on appendicitis.METHODS The differences of general data,clinical data and laboratory examination data of patients with appendicitis from October 2013 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into two groups for analysis.There were 136 patients in schistosomal appendicitis group and 5418 patients in non-schistosomal appendicitis group.RESULTS Schistosomal appendicitis accounted for 2.45%of all patients with appendicitis,and the annual proportion in the past decade was 2.2%,2.9%,1.8%,1.9%,3.4%,3.1%,1.9%,1.6%,3%,2.6%,respectively.The prevalence of schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged and elderly males,with an average age of 61.73±15.335 years.The main population of non-schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged men,with an average age of 35.8±24.013 years(P<0.001).The distribution of pathological types of appendicitis was different between the two groups(P<0.001).The incidence of acute suppurative appendicitis in non-schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in schistosomal appendicitis[odds ratio(OR)=0.504;95%confidence interval(CI):0.349-0.728;P<0.001].The proportion of acute attack of chronic appendicitis in schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in non-schistosomal appendicitis(OR=2.614;95%CI:1.815-3.763;P<0.001).The proportion of schistosomal appendicitis patients complicated with colorectal cancer was higher than that of nonschistosomal appendicitis patients(OR=5.087;95%CI:1.427-18.132;P=0.012).There was no difference in clinical symptoms between the two groups.In the laboratory examination,there was a significant difference in white blood cells between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis.The level of white blood cells in schistosomal appendicitis group was slightly higher than the upper limit of the normal range.Other statistically significant indicators were in the normal range.CONCLUSION Schistosomal appendicitis is a severe condition that is often associated with intestinal malignancies,potentially leading to a poor prognosis.Schistosomal appendicitis is more likely to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosed in clinical work because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations and laboratory examination.It is crucial to differentiate schistosomal appendicitis in middle-aged and elderly male patients presenting with appendicitis,and to ensure early detection and treatment.展开更多
Background: Treating infectious diseases (ID) is the priority of health systems. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) has diagnostic and preventive comments in most diseases. Readout TPM gives opportunity to know the vi...Background: Treating infectious diseases (ID) is the priority of health systems. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) has diagnostic and preventive comments in most diseases. Readout TPM gives opportunity to know the viewpoints of ancient Iranian scholars for using these opinions in treating ID. In this regard returning to TPM options and modalities can be useful at least as complementary method in treating ID. For understanding the concepts of ID in TPM first of all it is needed to trace ID in TPM and translate them into western medicine language which is the goal of this report. Methodology: This research includes 80 ID mentioned in TIBBE-AKBARI (one of Persian Medicine textbook) for rewriting and comparing with conventional medicine findings. Findings: The majority of clinical signs, symptoms and physical examinations of ID are comparable with modern medicine except the viewpoint of TPM about aetiology which is based on Akhlat and Mezaj theory. By considering no option for antibiotic therapy in ancients time so there is a completely different opinion in treating ID with modern medicine. Conclusion: IDs have different names in TPM and conventional medicine. In contrast to modern medicine in which micro-organism are as etiologic agents, Akhlat and Mezaj theory of TPM has main role for description of ID, the subject which must to be decoded. Although they have completely different opinions in treatment, but with regard to the increasing of antibiotic resistance issue, TPM treatment comments may be useful in future in ID as complementary method beside antibiotics.展开更多
Few data are available on HIV infection in the elderly and they are an important population in our different cohorts in view of the improvement in the quality of care over the last ten years. Objective: to determine t...Few data are available on HIV infection in the elderly and they are an important population in our different cohorts in view of the improvement in the quality of care over the last ten years. Objective: to determine the clinical and immunovirological characteristics as well as the acceptance of antiretroviral drugs in this patient population. This is a cohort study of the files of PLHIV (People living with HIV) aged 50 years or more, followed in the Internal Medicine Department of the Point G University Hospital between January 2007 and December 2012. Results: Out of 161 HIV-infected patients in the cohort, 38 were aged 50 years or older, of whom 11 met the criteria and were included. The median age was 55 years, 90.9% of whom were in the [50 - 59 years] age group, with 63.6% being women (sex ratio = 0.57). At admission, 3 patients (27.3%) had prurigo and 2 (18.2%) had oral-pharyngeal candidiasis. At inclusion, 45.5% of patients were classified as WHO stage 2 and one as WHO stage 4. All were on ARVs, including 10 on 1st line HIV-1 and 1 on HIV-2. On triple therapy, the average weight gain was 5.1 kg at D15 and 6.84 kg at M6. However, at M12 there was a weight loss of 1.04 kg. The mean CD4 T cell gain was +102/mm<sup>3</sup> at M6 and +188/mm<sup>3</sup> at 12 months. At D0, mean viral load = 565024.75 copies/mm<sup>3</sup> [99 - 1100000] in 4/11. At M12, two patients had undetectable viral loads. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV in elderly subjects is certainly underestimated. Thanks to triple antiretroviral therapy, PLHIV are aging with HIV but screening is not systematically proposed during consultations in elderly subjects. It is necessary to reinforce communication about HIV at all ages.展开更多
Objective A diagnostic model was established to discriminate infectious diseases from non-infectious diseases. Methods The clinical data of patients with fever of unknown origin(FUO) hospitalized in Xiangya Hospital C...Objective A diagnostic model was established to discriminate infectious diseases from non-infectious diseases. Methods The clinical data of patients with fever of unknown origin(FUO) hospitalized in Xiangya Hospital Central South University, from January, 2006 to April, 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients enrolled were divided into two groups. The first group was used to develop a diagnostic model: independent variables were recorded and considered in a logistic regression analysis to identify infectious and non-infectious diseases(αin = 0.05, αout = 0.10). The second group was used to evaluate the diagnostic model and make ROC analysis.Results The diagnostic rate of 143 patients in the first group was 87.4%, the diagnosis included infectious disease(52.4%), connective tissue diseases(16.8%), neoplastic disease(16.1%) and miscellaneous(2.1%). The diagnostic rate of 168 patients in the second group was 88.4%, and the diagnosis was similar to the first group. Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased white blood cell count(WBC < 4.0×109/L), higher lactate dehydrogenase level(LDH > 320 U/L) and lymphadenectasis were independent risk factors associated with non-infectious diseases. The odds ratios were 14.74, 5.84 and 5.11(P ≤ 0.01), respectively. In ROC analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the positive predictive values was 62.1% and 89.1%, respectively, while that of negative predicting values were 75% and 81.7%, respectively(AUC = 0.76, P = 0.00).Conclusions The combination of WBC < 4.0×109/L, LDH > 320 U/L and lymphadenectasis may be useful in discriminating infectious diseases from non-infectious diseases in patients hospitalized as FUO.展开更多
<strong>Introduction: </strong>Anemia is frequently associated with the natural course of people living with HIV (PLWHIV). The objective was to describe the evolution of anemia in PLWHIV during the first 6...<strong>Introduction: </strong>Anemia is frequently associated with the natural course of people living with HIV (PLWHIV). The objective was to describe the evolution of anemia in PLWHIV during the first 6 months of ART and to identify the associated factors in the hematology service of the Ignace Deen national hospital of the Conakry University Hospital.<strong> Methods:</strong> This was a prospective, observational descriptive and analytical study lasting one year from August 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020. It focused on PLWHIV who were newly included in ART during the period of study in the Hematology Department of Ignace Deen Hospital. <strong>Results: </strong>Of 45 PLWHIV, 40 presented with anemia of 88.89%. The mean age was 40.16 years ± 12.29 years and extremes of 22 and 71 years. The female sex represented 65% of cases with a sex ratio of 0.54. Prolonged fever was the main reason for consultation, 97.5%. The HIV-1 serotype was represented in all anemic patients. At least one OI was found in 24 patients, 60%. MO anemia was severe (28.9%), moderate (44.4%) and mild (26.7%). At M6 it was moderate (5.9%) and light (94.1%). It was normochromic normocytic in 55%. At M0, statistical analysis was significant between anemia and OIs, WHO stage and CD4 count, but the link was not established at M6. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anemia is frequently associated with HIV infection linked to delayed treatment. Its development would be better with the establishment of good support. Specific actions should be taken to better identify the factors involved.展开更多
文摘Objective: To discuss some key points about nursing in the use of DDG-3300K liver reserve function analyzer in patients at the department of infectious diseases. Method: DDG-3300K liver reserve function analyzer was applied to 5464 patients at the department of infectious diseases. The reasons for failed detection and complications related to the detection were analyzed, and the measures for improving the nursing procedures were proposed. Result: Among the 5464 patients, the detections were successful at the first attempt in 5458 patients;2 patients had leakage of liquid;2 patients were poorly prepared, and 1 case failed because of mistaken selection of CO mode, which led to adverse drug reactions;1 case did not finish the detection due to anaphylactic shock;8 patients had nausea and 6 patients had skin rash on the four limbs and torso during the detection. Conclusion: It is necessary to formulate the nursing procedures for the use of DDG-3300K liver reserve function analyzer. Moreover, preparatory work, health education, refined nursing procedures and skillful operations are closely related to the success rate and accuracy of the detection.
文摘Objectives: To identify predictive factors for poor prognosis during cerebral toxoplasmosis at Donka Hospital. Methods: It was a retrospective study of descriptive and analytic type lasting one year six months (18 months) from January 1st, 2016 to June 30th, 2017 which involved patients admitted and hospitalized for cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV field. Data enter was performed by Epi data 3.1 software and SPSS 21 software for statistical analysis. The threshold of significance was p Results: We observed 87 cases of cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT). The mean age was 38.53 ± 12.16. The clinical signs were mainly infectious syndrome (100%), headache (69.0%), confusion (46.0%) and meningeal syndrome (41.4%). The lethality was 37.9%. Living with a partner (p = 0.007), CD4 at initiation of antiretroviral therapy 3 (p = 0.009), and coma (p = 0.02) were the factors associated with death. Conclusion: This study showed that cerebral toxoplasmosis is associated with very high morbidity and mortality in the Infectious Diseases Department of Donka National Hospital. Living in a relationship, CD4 counts at baseline 3 and coma were independently associated with death. Special attention to these factors associated with infectious resuscitation and primary prevention in patients with a CD4 T lymphocyte count below 200 cells/mm may improve the prognosis of this pathology.
基金the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province,China[2023-JC-QN-0858]the Free Exploration Program of the Second Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Xi’an Jiaotong University[2020YJ(ZYTS)605]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[81900620].
文摘Global environmental changes including climate warming,extreme weather events,ambient air pollution,freshwater contamination,and landscape transformation are reshaping the epidemiology of infectious diseases with unprecedented complexity,particularly in the post-COVID-19 era.This review synthesizes evidence from the past decade(2015-2024)to systematically elucidate how key environmental drivers modulate pathogen emergence,transmission dynamics,and clinical outcomes,with a focus on underlying mechanistic pathways.Specifically,we highlight:(1)the temperature-and precipitation-dependent transmission of vector-borne diseases(e.g.,malaria,dengue)via expanded vector habitats and accelerated pathogen incubation;(2)the exacerbation of respiratory infections(including COVID-19)by particulate matter(PM2.5)and nitrogen dioxide(NO2)through impaired mucosal immunity and enhanced inflammatory responses;(3)the persistence of diarrheal diseases in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)linked to water insecurity and climate-induced infrastructure failure;and(4)zoonotic spillover risks amplified by urbanization and deforestation-driven human-wildlife interface disruption.Integrating the One Health socioecological framework,we further summarize methodological advances from high-resolution genomic surveillance to climate-informed machine learning models that have improved causal inference and predictive accuracy.Our synthesis confirms that environmental factors are not merely contextual but central,modifiable determinants of infectious disease risk,with disproportionate impacts on vulnerable populations.To mitigate future threats,we emphasize the urgency of interdisciplinary collaboration,integrated environmental-health monitoring platforms,and climate-resilient public health policies tailored to post-pandemic challenges.This review provides a timely roadmap for translating environmental epidemiology insights into actionable strategies to strengthen global health resilience.
文摘Objective:To evaluate laboratory findings that predict bacterial meningitis in emergency service and their diagnostic effectiveness.Methods:This retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients presenting with meningitis symptoms at a referral hospital in Mersin,Turkey,between January 2019 and January 2022.Clinical findings and laboratory results,including leukocyte count,C-reactive protein(CRP),and procalcitonin levels in blood,were examined.Logistic regression,Chi square test,and receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve analyses assessed the predictive value of these parameters.Results:A total of 199 participants were included in the study;99 patients were diagnosed with meningitis after lumbar puncture and 100 served as controls.Patients with meningitis exhibited significantly higher leukocyte counts(median:11890×10^(3)/μL vs.7905×10^(3)/μL,P<0.001)and CRP levels(median:6.00 mg/dL vs.0.95 mg/dL,P<0.001)compared to controls.Procalcitonin levels were significantly elevated in meningitis patients(median:0.21 ng/mL vs.0.10 ng/mL,P<0.001).Logistic regression identified albumin(OR=0.16,95%CI=0.06-0.40),and CRP(OR=1.18,95%CI=1.08-1.28)as independent predictors of meningitis.ROC analysis for CRP demonstrated a sensitivity of 80.6%and specificity of 70.0%at a cut-off value of 2.23 mg/dL(AUC=0.792).Conclusions:Elevated albumin levels and CRP contents in the blood were significant predictors of meningitis in emergency service.Early identification of predictive markers may aid in timely lumbar puncture and management of atypical cases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32470160)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300100,GZNL2023A01008)+2 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(#JSGG20200225150431472,JSGG20210901145403012,and JSGG20220301090005007)the“Pearl River Talent Plan”Innovation and Entrepreneurship Team Project of Guangdong Province(2016LJ06Y540 and 2019ZT08Y464)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province,China(2021B1212040017).
文摘Rapid and accurate detection of infectious virus particles, not just viral nucleic acid, is essential to avoid unnecessary quarantine and effectively control the spread of viral diseases such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was the most widely used detection technique during the COVID-19 outbreak. However, it cannot discriminate between intact infectious viruses and surface-distorted, non-infectious virus particles or naked viral RNA. In this study, we present a strategy for the specific detection of infectious coronaviruses by combining viral receptor capture and reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). We successfully applied this strategy to detect infectious virus particles of the SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus and the human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63). Virus particles were first captured on ELISA plates coated with the recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor. Viral RNA was then extracted from the particles and detected by RT-LAMP using virus-specific primers. In our experimental setting, the proposed method had a minimum detection limit (LOD) of 90 PFU/mL, sensitivity of 96.2%, and specificity of 100%. Our study provides a proof-of-concept that viral receptor capture combined with RT-LAMP can differentiate infectious coronaviruses from non-infectious virions or naked viral RNA. This paves the way for this virus detection strategy to become a mainstream tool for the management, prevention and control of epidemic coronavirus diseases.
文摘Introduction: Parasitic diseases remain a public health problem in Burkina Faso, as they are in other developing countries. Objective: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary characteristics of parasitosis diagnosed in the infectious diseases department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital. Patients and Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection during the period from January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2022. Results: From January 1, 2010 to August 31, 2022, a total of 2829 patients were admitted to the infectious diseases department of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou. Among them, 624 patients suffered from parasitic pathologies, representing a hospital prevalence of 22%. The patients were predominantly male with a sex ratio of 1.1. The average age was 34 years ± 11. Most patients (74.7%) lived in the capital city of Ouagadougou. Ten percent (10%) of the patients with parasitosis were infected with HIV (PLHIV). Out of a total of 624 cases of parasitosis, protozoosis represented 97%, of which 80% were malaria cases. Clinical signs were dominated by neurological signs, digestive signs and dehydration. Comorbidities were dominated by HIV infection, tuberculosis and digestive candidiasis. Under treatment, the evolution was marked by a lethality of 10%. Conclusion: Protozoosis were the most frequently diagnosed. They were dominated by malaria and opportunistic parasitosis during AIDS. These results argue for a revitalization of voluntary HIV testing and careful management of PLHIV.
文摘Introduction: In Burkina Faso, as in most developing countries, limited access to biological tests forces practitioners to resort very often to probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The objective of this study is to determine the extent of this prescription. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection of patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department in the period from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2020. The records of patients who received probabilistic antibiotic therapy were included. Results: During the study period, 330 patients had received probabilistic antibiotic therapy. The majority of patients were male (53%), with a sex ratio of 1.12. The mean age of the patients was 33 years ± 14. The age range of 20 to 40 years was the most represented (42%). Fifteen percent (15%) of patients were living with HIV. The majority of patients were from urban areas (56.4%). Forty-nine percent (49%) of the patients worked in the informal sector. Clinically, the reasons for consultation were dominated by fever, alteration of general condition, neurological disorders, digestive disorders, respiratory signs, urinary signs and diffuse pain. The physical examination showed that 48.1% of the patients had meningeal irritation syndrome, 10% had convulsions and 10% had focal signs, trismus was present in 4% of the patients and facial paralysis in 3%. In the digestive system, hepatomegaly was present in 29% of patients and digestive candidiasis in 31%. Respiratory examination showed crepitus and fluid effusion syndrome in 26.83% and 20.62% of patients respectively. The presumptive diagnosis was dominated by bacterial meningitis, salmonellosis and bronchopneumonia with banal germs. In terms of treatment, the beta-lactam family of drugs was the most prescribed. They were followed by aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones. The evolution was marked by the death of 50 patients (15%). Conclusion: The most prescribed molecules belong to the family of Beta-lactam. And this prescription improved the outcome of patients. Bacterial susceptibility studies will allow better orientation of probabilistic antibiotic therapy in order to limit the emergence of multi-resistant bacteria.
基金Supported by the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China,No.2018CFA031Precision Medical Project Granted by National Key Research and Development Program,No.2017YFC0908104+1 种基金Research and Development Project of Science and Technology Plan of Shiyan,No.18K78Key Program for Precision Medicine of Taihe Hospital,No.2016JZ05
文摘BACKGROUND In China,hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF) is the most common liver failure characterized by serious clinical syndromes of liver decompensation with a very high mortality.Bacterial and/or fungal infections are the most common complications that are associated with high short-term mortality.Bacterial translocation from the intestine,impaired hepatic clearance,and immune paralysis of circulating immune cells are thought to contribute to infectious complications in liver failure.The control of bacterial and fungal infections is the key to improving HBV-ACLF outcomes.Active prevention,early diagnosis,and timely treatment of bacterial and fungal infections are essential for treating HBV-ACLF.AIM To investigate the frequency and role of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with HBV-ACLF.METHODS Patients with HBV-ACLF hospitalized at Taihe Hospital,Hubei University of Medicine from January 2014 to December 2017 were retrospectively enrolled.Patient-related information was retrieved from the hospital case database,including general information,blood biochemistry,complications,etc.According to the occurrence of secondary infection or not,the patients were divided into an infection group and a non-infection group.The sites,types,and incidences of bacterial and fungal infections and the influence of infections on the prognosis of HBV-ACLF were statistically analyzed.The risk factors for infections were assessed by unconditional logistic regression.RESULTS There were 174 cases of HBV-ACLF that met the enrollment criteria,of which 114 (65.52%) were diagnosed with infectious complications.Infections occurred in the abdominal cavity (87 cases),respiratory tract (51 cases),urinary tract (18 cases),and biliary tract (10 cases).Patients with infectious complications had a significantly higher 28-d mortality (70.18%,80/114) than those without (40.00%,24/60)(70.18% vs 40.00%,P < 0.05).And patients with infectious complications had a much higher incidence of non-infectious complications (54.39%,62/114)(54.39% vs 15.00%,P < 0.05),leading to an extremely high 28-d mortality of 88.71%(55/62)(P < 0.05).The grade of liver failure,period of hospital stay ≥ 30 d,age ≥ 45 years,and percentage of neutrophils > 70% were identified as risk factors for infectious complications.CONCLUSION The high incidence of infectious complications in patients with HBV-ACLF is associated with severity and deterioration of the disease and may contribute to the extremely high mortality of these patients.
文摘The present study aimed to establish a list of parameters indicative of pathogen invasion and develop a predictive model to distinguish the etiologies of fever of unknown origin (FUO) into infectious and non-infectious causes.From January 2014 to September 2017,431 patients with FUO were prospectively enrolled in the study population.This study established a list of 26 variables from the following 4aspects:host factors,epidemiological factors,behavioral factors,and iatrogenic factors.Predefined predicted variables were included in a multivariate logistic regression analysis to develop a predictive model.The predictive model and the corresponding scoring system were developed using data from the confirmed diagnoses and 9 variables were eventually identified.These factors were incorporated into the predictive model.This model discriminated between infectious and non-infectious causes of FUO with an AUC of 0.72,sensitivity of 0.71, and specificity of 0.63.The predictive model and corresponding scoring system based on factors concerning pathogen invasion appear to be reliable screening tools to discriminate between infectious and non-infectious causes of FUO.
基金Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Plan Project(2019RC167).
文摘Objectives:This article aims to summarize a series of contingency management strategies of the Nursing Department in the centralized treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Methods:The strategies of the Nursing Department included an early warning for prevention and control,taking functions of vertically commanding and horizontally coordinating,and reasonably allocating nursing workforce,to facilitate centralized treatment work in the in-hospital fever clinic,isolation wards and ICU,and referral and admission of critical patients.Five special groups were established in charge of training and examination,management and supervision,psychological support,logistical support,and reporting and publicity,respectively.Results:It was achieved that no deaths from critical patients and no medical staff,no other patients were infected.Conclusion:Through the implementation of these strategies,safe and efficient centralized treatment was ensured timely,orderly and sustainably.
基金Supported by the Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences Chancellor of Research(grant number 45387)
文摘Nervous system infections are among the most important diseases in travellers.Healthy travellers might be exposed to infectious agents of central nervous system,which may require in-patient care.Progressive course is not uncommon in this family of disorders and requires swift diagnosis.An overview of the available evidence in the field is.therefore,Urgent to pave the way to increase the awareness of travel-medicine practitioners and highlights dark areas for future research.In November 2013,data were collected from PubMed,Scopus,and Web of knowledge(1980 to2013) including books,reviews,and peer-reviewed literature,Works pertained to pre-travel care,interventions,vaccinations related neurological infections were retrieved.Here we provide information on pre-travel care,vaccination,chronic nervous system disorders,and post-travel complications.Recommendations with regard to knowledge gaps,and state-of-the-art research are made.Given an increasing number of international travellers,novel dynamic ways are available for physicians to monitor spread of central nervous system infections.Newer research has made great progresses in developing newer medications,detecting the spread of infections and the public awareness.Despite an ongoing scientific discussion in the field of travel medicine,further research is required for vaccine development,state-of-the-art laboratory tests,and genetic engineering of vectors.
文摘Infectious diseases are the common enemies of mankind.In the course of historical development,they persistently threaten human health and safety.Even today,despite the developments in medical science,we cannot escape the fear and suffering caused by infectious diseases.Whether in ancient or modern times,the source of infection,route of transmission,and a susceptible population are the three key conditions for the prevalence and spread of infectious diseases.All factors closely related to these three conditions can affect the prevalence of infectious diseases.China is one of the cradles of world civilization.The ancient people accumulated a great deal of experience and lessons in the long struggle against infectious diseases.In the face of the current threat posed by widespread infectious disease,it is imperative to review and summarize ancient Chinese ideas and health policies on epidemic prevention and control to inspire contemporary efforts in the prevention and control of infectious disease.The combination of prevention-oriented epidemic prevention ideology and traditional medicine provides valuable insights,especially for impoverished and medically underserved regions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.82173585 and 82273741)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.21KJB330005 and 22KJB330007)+1 种基金the Nanjing Major Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2021-11005)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.
文摘The current study used multivariable logistic regression analysis to investigate associations between the intake frequencies of 13 food groups(or four diet groups)and infectious diseases.The analysis included 487849 participants from the UK Biobank,with 75209 participants diagnosed with infectious diseases.Participants reporting the highest intake frequency of processed meat(odds ratio[OR]=1.0964,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.0622–1.1318)and red meat(OR=1.0895,95%CI:1.0563–1.1239)had a higher risk of infectious diseases,compared with those with the lowest intake frequency.Consuming fish 2.0–2.9 times(OR=0.8221,95%CI:0.7955–0.8496),cheese≥5.0 times(OR=0.8822,95%CI:0.8559–0.9092),fruit 3.0–3.9 servings(OR=0.8867,95%CI:0.8661–0.9078),and vegetables 2.0–2.9 servings(OR=0.9372,95%CI:0.9189–0.9559)per week were associated with a lower risk of infection.Low meat-eaters(OR=0.9404,95%CI:0.9243–0.9567),fish-eaters(OR=0.8391,95%CI:0.7887–0.8919),and vegetarians(OR=0.9154,95%CI:0.8561–0.9778)had a lower risk of infectious diseases,compared with regular meat-eaters.The mediation analysis revealed that glycosylated hemoglobin,white blood cell count,and body mass index served as the mediators in the associations between diet and infectious diseases.The current study indicates that the intake frequency of food groups is a risk factor for infectious diseases,and fish-eaters have a lower risk of infection.
文摘Infectious diseases result from the interactions of host, pathogens, and, in the case of vector-borne diseases, also vec- tors. The interactions involve physiological and ecological mechanisms and they have evolved under a given set of environmental conditions. Environmental change, therefore, will alter host-pathogen-vector interactions and, consequently, the distribution, in- tensity, and dynamics of infectious diseases. Here, we review how climate change may impact infectious diseases of aquatic and terrestrial wildlife. Climate change can have direct impacts on distribution, life cycle, and physiological status of hosts, pathogens and vectors. While a change in either host, pathogen or vector does not necessarily translate into an alteration of the disease, it is the impact of climate change on the interactions between the disease components which is particularly critical for altered disease risks. Finally, climate factors can modulate disease through modifying the ecological networks host-pathogen-vector systems are belonging to, and climate change can combine with other environmental stressors to induce cumulative effects on infectious dis- eases. Overall, the influence of climate change on infectious diseases involves different mechanisms, it can be modulated by phenotypic acclimation and/or genotypic adaptation, it depends on the ecological context of the host-pathogen-vector interactions, and it can be modulated by impacts of other stressors. As a consequence of this complexity, non-linear responses of disease sys- tems under climate change are to be expected. To improve predictions on climate change impacts on infectious disease, we sug- gest that more emphasis should be given to the integration of biomedical and ecological research for studying both the physio- logical and ecological mechanisms which mediate climate change impacts on disease, and to the development of harmonized methods and approaches to obtain more comparable results, as this would support the discrimination of case-specific versus gen- eral mechanisms .
文摘Introduction: The transmission of infectious agents through the hands of nursing staff during care is the main cause of nosocomial infections. Hand hygiene has been recognized for over a century as an effective measure to prevent healthcare associated infections in healthcare settings, the objective of this study was to appreciate the practice of hand hygiene during care by health professionals in the medical-surgical emergency department of the Donka National Hospital. Methods: It was a cross-sectional, analytical study. Data collection took place from March 1 to April 30, 2021. The study covered all health professionals, namely doctors, nurses, laboratory technicians, radiography technicians, pharmacists, students, stretcher bearers, surfactants who were present at the time of the study period. Results: During the study period, out of a total of 104 registered health professionals, we surveyed 99, which is a rate of 95%. The most represented age group was [30 - 39 years] with an average of 37.17 ± 10.34 years, and extremes of 22 years to 65 years. The male sex was the most dominant or 59.60% compared to the female sex or 40.40% with a sex ratio of 1.47. The hand hygiene compliance rate was low at 21%. The practice of hand hygiene during care for 100% of health professionals was very low, at 8.08%. No factors influence the observance of the practice of hand hygiene and the socio-professional characteristics of the conditions of provision of care activities. Conclusion: Hand hygiene during care is an essential aspect that must be considered as an essential measure in the prevention of infections in this period of the COVID-19 pandemic.
文摘BACKGROUND Chronic schistosomiasis causes multiple organ and multiple system diseases,especially the digestive system.Schistosome eggs are mainly deposited in the stomach,liver and colorectal,but a few eggs are deposited in the appendix and cause disease.At present,there are few studies on schistosomal appendicitis.AIM To explore the differences in epidemiological,clinical and pathological characteristics between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis over the past decade in order to assess the impact of schistosomiasis on appendicitis.METHODS The differences of general data,clinical data and laboratory examination data of patients with appendicitis from October 2013 to October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into two groups for analysis.There were 136 patients in schistosomal appendicitis group and 5418 patients in non-schistosomal appendicitis group.RESULTS Schistosomal appendicitis accounted for 2.45%of all patients with appendicitis,and the annual proportion in the past decade was 2.2%,2.9%,1.8%,1.9%,3.4%,3.1%,1.9%,1.6%,3%,2.6%,respectively.The prevalence of schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged and elderly males,with an average age of 61.73±15.335 years.The main population of non-schistosomal appendicitis was middle-aged men,with an average age of 35.8±24.013 years(P<0.001).The distribution of pathological types of appendicitis was different between the two groups(P<0.001).The incidence of acute suppurative appendicitis in non-schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in schistosomal appendicitis[odds ratio(OR)=0.504;95%confidence interval(CI):0.349-0.728;P<0.001].The proportion of acute attack of chronic appendicitis in schistosomal appendicitis was higher than that in non-schistosomal appendicitis(OR=2.614;95%CI:1.815-3.763;P<0.001).The proportion of schistosomal appendicitis patients complicated with colorectal cancer was higher than that of nonschistosomal appendicitis patients(OR=5.087;95%CI:1.427-18.132;P=0.012).There was no difference in clinical symptoms between the two groups.In the laboratory examination,there was a significant difference in white blood cells between schistosomal appendicitis and non-schistosomal appendicitis.The level of white blood cells in schistosomal appendicitis group was slightly higher than the upper limit of the normal range.Other statistically significant indicators were in the normal range.CONCLUSION Schistosomal appendicitis is a severe condition that is often associated with intestinal malignancies,potentially leading to a poor prognosis.Schistosomal appendicitis is more likely to be misdiagnosed and missed diagnosed in clinical work because of its nonspecific clinical manifestations and laboratory examination.It is crucial to differentiate schistosomal appendicitis in middle-aged and elderly male patients presenting with appendicitis,and to ensure early detection and treatment.
文摘Background: Treating infectious diseases (ID) is the priority of health systems. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) has diagnostic and preventive comments in most diseases. Readout TPM gives opportunity to know the viewpoints of ancient Iranian scholars for using these opinions in treating ID. In this regard returning to TPM options and modalities can be useful at least as complementary method in treating ID. For understanding the concepts of ID in TPM first of all it is needed to trace ID in TPM and translate them into western medicine language which is the goal of this report. Methodology: This research includes 80 ID mentioned in TIBBE-AKBARI (one of Persian Medicine textbook) for rewriting and comparing with conventional medicine findings. Findings: The majority of clinical signs, symptoms and physical examinations of ID are comparable with modern medicine except the viewpoint of TPM about aetiology which is based on Akhlat and Mezaj theory. By considering no option for antibiotic therapy in ancients time so there is a completely different opinion in treating ID with modern medicine. Conclusion: IDs have different names in TPM and conventional medicine. In contrast to modern medicine in which micro-organism are as etiologic agents, Akhlat and Mezaj theory of TPM has main role for description of ID, the subject which must to be decoded. Although they have completely different opinions in treatment, but with regard to the increasing of antibiotic resistance issue, TPM treatment comments may be useful in future in ID as complementary method beside antibiotics.
文摘Few data are available on HIV infection in the elderly and they are an important population in our different cohorts in view of the improvement in the quality of care over the last ten years. Objective: to determine the clinical and immunovirological characteristics as well as the acceptance of antiretroviral drugs in this patient population. This is a cohort study of the files of PLHIV (People living with HIV) aged 50 years or more, followed in the Internal Medicine Department of the Point G University Hospital between January 2007 and December 2012. Results: Out of 161 HIV-infected patients in the cohort, 38 were aged 50 years or older, of whom 11 met the criteria and were included. The median age was 55 years, 90.9% of whom were in the [50 - 59 years] age group, with 63.6% being women (sex ratio = 0.57). At admission, 3 patients (27.3%) had prurigo and 2 (18.2%) had oral-pharyngeal candidiasis. At inclusion, 45.5% of patients were classified as WHO stage 2 and one as WHO stage 4. All were on ARVs, including 10 on 1st line HIV-1 and 1 on HIV-2. On triple therapy, the average weight gain was 5.1 kg at D15 and 6.84 kg at M6. However, at M12 there was a weight loss of 1.04 kg. The mean CD4 T cell gain was +102/mm<sup>3</sup> at M6 and +188/mm<sup>3</sup> at 12 months. At D0, mean viral load = 565024.75 copies/mm<sup>3</sup> [99 - 1100000] in 4/11. At M12, two patients had undetectable viral loads. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV in elderly subjects is certainly underestimated. Thanks to triple antiretroviral therapy, PLHIV are aging with HIV but screening is not systematically proposed during consultations in elderly subjects. It is necessary to reinforce communication about HIV at all ages.
文摘Objective A diagnostic model was established to discriminate infectious diseases from non-infectious diseases. Methods The clinical data of patients with fever of unknown origin(FUO) hospitalized in Xiangya Hospital Central South University, from January, 2006 to April, 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients enrolled were divided into two groups. The first group was used to develop a diagnostic model: independent variables were recorded and considered in a logistic regression analysis to identify infectious and non-infectious diseases(αin = 0.05, αout = 0.10). The second group was used to evaluate the diagnostic model and make ROC analysis.Results The diagnostic rate of 143 patients in the first group was 87.4%, the diagnosis included infectious disease(52.4%), connective tissue diseases(16.8%), neoplastic disease(16.1%) and miscellaneous(2.1%). The diagnostic rate of 168 patients in the second group was 88.4%, and the diagnosis was similar to the first group. Logistic regression analysis showed that decreased white blood cell count(WBC < 4.0×109/L), higher lactate dehydrogenase level(LDH > 320 U/L) and lymphadenectasis were independent risk factors associated with non-infectious diseases. The odds ratios were 14.74, 5.84 and 5.11(P ≤ 0.01), respectively. In ROC analysis, the sensitivity and specificity of the positive predictive values was 62.1% and 89.1%, respectively, while that of negative predicting values were 75% and 81.7%, respectively(AUC = 0.76, P = 0.00).Conclusions The combination of WBC < 4.0×109/L, LDH > 320 U/L and lymphadenectasis may be useful in discriminating infectious diseases from non-infectious diseases in patients hospitalized as FUO.
文摘<strong>Introduction: </strong>Anemia is frequently associated with the natural course of people living with HIV (PLWHIV). The objective was to describe the evolution of anemia in PLWHIV during the first 6 months of ART and to identify the associated factors in the hematology service of the Ignace Deen national hospital of the Conakry University Hospital.<strong> Methods:</strong> This was a prospective, observational descriptive and analytical study lasting one year from August 1, 2019 to July 31, 2020. It focused on PLWHIV who were newly included in ART during the period of study in the Hematology Department of Ignace Deen Hospital. <strong>Results: </strong>Of 45 PLWHIV, 40 presented with anemia of 88.89%. The mean age was 40.16 years ± 12.29 years and extremes of 22 and 71 years. The female sex represented 65% of cases with a sex ratio of 0.54. Prolonged fever was the main reason for consultation, 97.5%. The HIV-1 serotype was represented in all anemic patients. At least one OI was found in 24 patients, 60%. MO anemia was severe (28.9%), moderate (44.4%) and mild (26.7%). At M6 it was moderate (5.9%) and light (94.1%). It was normochromic normocytic in 55%. At M0, statistical analysis was significant between anemia and OIs, WHO stage and CD4 count, but the link was not established at M6. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anemia is frequently associated with HIV infection linked to delayed treatment. Its development would be better with the establishment of good support. Specific actions should be taken to better identify the factors involved.
