Objective: To identify the anti-hemorrhoidal medicinal plants of the Department of Issia and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the most requested species. Methods: The plants used in hemorrhoid recipes in the Departm...Objective: To identify the anti-hemorrhoidal medicinal plants of the Department of Issia and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the most requested species. Methods: The plants used in hemorrhoid recipes in the Department of Issia (C?te d’Ivoire) were obtained using a semi-structured survey based on a questionnaire sheet. To assess the use of plants on the disease, Informant Consensus Factors (ICF) for each species were calculated. The harvested species were identified at the Centre National de Floristique (CNF) of the Félix Houphou?t Boigny University (C?te d’Ivoire). Cytotoxicity tests were performed on HFF cells with the 70% ethanolic extract, prepared from the aqueous extract of the most cited species. Results: A total of twenty four medicinal species in eighteen families were recorded. Among these taxa are ten woody and fourteen herbaceous. Only three species gave an ICF greater than 0.5. The ethanolic extract 70% of the frequently requested medicinal plant did not reveal any toxicity on HFF cells. Conclusion: These results revealed that the flora of the Department of Issia is rich in anti-hemorrhoidal medicinal plant species. Their use without side effects is revealed by the absence of toxicity in one of the most solicited plants.展开更多
As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatri...As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.展开更多
BACKGROUND Appropriate care for individuals who attempt suicide and are admitted to the emergency department(ED)can prevent future suicidal behavior.It is vital to understand their sociodemographic characteristics and...BACKGROUND Appropriate care for individuals who attempt suicide and are admitted to the emergency department(ED)can prevent future suicidal behavior.It is vital to understand their sociodemographic characteristics and the effects of targeted psychological care.AIM To analyze sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters treated in the ED and evaluate the efficacy of psychological care.METHODS Data from 239 suicide attempters treated in the ED of the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(Hubei Province,China)between January 2021 and February 2025 were divided into 2:Control(n=108)and psychological care(n=131).The demographic characteristics and effects of the psychological care were analyzed.RESULTS The mean(±SD)age of the 239 patients[114 male(47.7%),125 female(52.3%)]was 26.25±9.3 years,of whom 122(45.2%)were single,117(48.9%)were married,and 106(44.4%)had secondary education.Thirty-eight(15.9%)patients had suicidal intent,with a mean of 1.26±0.59 suicide attempts each.Twenty-two(9.21%)patients had a family history of suicide,while 8(3.34%)had a family history of suicide attempt(s).Before intervention,mean Suicidal Intent Scale scores in the psychological nursing and control groups were 21.57±5.28 and 19.86±5.92,respectively(P>0.05).After 1 month of nursing intervention,the respective scores were 10.09±1.11 and 16.48±0.87(P<0.001);and the re-suicide rates were 11.45%(15/131)and 24.07%(26/108)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Psychological care significantly reduces suicide risk;EDs should provide comprehensive mental health care.展开更多
Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA...Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA-induced joint pain is characterized as a deep tissue pain that potentially involves distinct subgroups of peripheral sensory neurons and central processing mechanisms.Furthermore,KOA pain is closely related to locomotion activity.Impaired sensorimotor integration and pain mutually reinforce each other in KOA,forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression.In this review,we highlight the key differences between KOA pain and cutaneous pain,and the latter has been extensively studied in the pain field.We hope to offer new insights into the central mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for KOA based on the interactions between impaired sensorimotor integration and chronic joint pain.展开更多
Synapses are key structures involved in transmitting information in the nervous system,and their functions rely on the regulation of various lipids.Lipids play important roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter rel...Synapses are key structures involved in transmitting information in the nervous system,and their functions rely on the regulation of various lipids.Lipids play important roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter release,and signal transmission,and dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases.The complex roles of lipids in synaptic function and neurological diseases have recently garnered increasing attention,but their specific mechanisms remain to be fully understood.This review aims to explore how lipids regulate synaptic activity in the central nervous system,focusing on their roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter release,and signal transmission.Additionally,it discusses the mechanisms by which glial cells modulate synaptic function through lipid regulation.This review shows that within the central nervous system,lipids are essential components of the cell membrane bilayer,playing critical roles in synaptic structure and function.They regulate presynaptic vesicular trafficking,postsynaptic signaling pathways,and glial-neuronal interactions.Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and promotes the formation of lipid rafts.Glycerophospholipids contribute to the structural integrity of synaptic membranes and are involved in the release of synaptic vesicles.Sphingolipids interact with synaptic receptors through various mechanisms to regulate their activity and are also involved in cellular processes such as inflammation and apoptosis.Fatty acids are vital for energy metabolism and the synthesis of signaling molecules.Abnormalities in lipid metabolism may lead to impairments in synaptic function,affecting information transmission between neurons and the overall health of the nervous system.Therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism,particularly through cholesterol modulation,show promise for treating these conditions.In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely linked to synaptic dysfunction.Therefore,lipids are not only key molecules in neural regeneration and synaptic repair but may also contribute to neurodegenerative pathology when metabolic dysregulation occurs.Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking lipid metabolism to synaptic dysfunction and to develop targeted lipid therapies for neurological diseases.展开更多
Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections...Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.展开更多
The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of th...The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.展开更多
Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted t...Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathologica...Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.展开更多
Neuronal cell death is a common outcome of multiple pathophysiological processes and a key factor in neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neuronal ferroptosis in particular plays an important role in...Neuronal cell death is a common outcome of multiple pathophysiological processes and a key factor in neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neuronal ferroptosis in particular plays an important role in early brain injury.Bromodomain-containing protein 4,a member of the bromo and extraterminal domain family of proteins,participated in multiple cell death pathways,but the mechanisms by which it regulates ferroptosis remain unclear.The primary aim of this study was to investigate how bromodomain-containing protein 4 affects neuronal ferroptosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro.Our findings revealed that endogenous bromodomain-containing protein 4 co-localized with neurons,and its expression was decreased 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage of the cerebral cortex in vivo.In addition,ferroptosis-related pathways were activated in vivo and in vitro after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Targeted inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in neurons increased lipid peroxidation and intracellular ferrous iron accumulation via ferritinophagy and ultimately led to neuronal ferroptosis.Using cleavage under targets and tagmentation analysis,we found that bromodomain-containing protein 4 enrichment in the Raf-1 promoter region decreased following oxyhemoglobin stimulation in vitro.Furthermore,treating bromodomain-containing protein 4-knockdown HT-22 cell lines with GW5074,a Raf-1 inhibitor,exacerbated neuronal ferroptosis by suppressing the Raf-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Moreover,targeted inhibition of neuronal bromodomain-containing protein 4 exacerbated early and long-term neurological function deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Our findings suggest that bromodomain-containing protein 4 may have neuroprotective effects after subarachnoid hemorrhage,and that inhibiting ferroptosis could help treat subarachnoid hemorrhage.展开更多
Biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels,as one of the alternatives to traditional fossil fuels,have attracted considerable attention in the energy field due to their renewability and environmental benefits.This article provid...Biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels,as one of the alternatives to traditional fossil fuels,have attracted considerable attention in the energy field due to their renewability and environmental benefits.This article provides a systematic review of recent research progress in the chemical synthesis of biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels.It outlines the conversion pathways using feedstocks such as lipids,terpenoids,cellulose/hemicellulose,and lignin.Depending on the feedstock,various products with distinct structural characteristics can be prepared through reactions such as cyclization,condensation,and catalytic hydrogenation.Throughout the synthesis process,three key factors play a critical role:efficient catalyst development,production process optimization,and computational-chemistry-based molecular design.Finally,the article discusses future perspectives for biomass-based hydrocarbon fuel synthesis research.展开更多
Diagrams as a visual technique played a key role in early modern natural history.Robert Morison,a Scottish botanist and the first Professor of Botany at Oxford University,made a noteworthy early attempt in the 17th ce...Diagrams as a visual technique played a key role in early modern natural history.Robert Morison,a Scottish botanist and the first Professor of Botany at Oxford University,made a noteworthy early attempt in the 17th century to promote the use of diagrams in plant taxonomy.By pioneering the use of diagrams as the core of his botanical monographs,Morison inverted the order in which text and diagrams are read in natural history books and made diagrams more than a mere adjunct to the main text.Morison also consciously aligned the structure of the diagrams with the spatial arrangement of his seed collection and the Oxford Botanic Garden,so that the diagrams functioned productively as a means of bridging difierent botanical practices and retrieving information from multiple aspects.Morison’s appropriation and mobilisation of the diagrammatic mode of representation that originated in the Middle Ages helped pave the way for the diagram,as a visual language between textuality and pictoriality,to become prevalent amongst early modern naturalists.展开更多
In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride ...In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride molten salt as the reaction medium at 923 K.The study assessed the effects of lithium thermochemical reduction and electrolytic reduction of ZnO.The volatilization behavior of metal oxides in molten salts,the equivalent of a reducing agent,reduction time,amount of molten salt,stirring time,and the method of reduction feed were investigated for their impacts on the reduction yield and product composition.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)analysis of the products showed that lithium reduction of ZnO not only produced metallic Zn but also formed a LiZn alloy.Electrolytic reduction can be used to obtain the metallic Zn product by controlling the potential below-2.2 V(vs Ag/Ag^(+)).Moreover,sintered oxides and higher electrode potentials could enhance the efficiency of electrolysis.Under the optimal reaction conditions determined experimentally,the lithium reduction experiment achieved a yield of 77.2%after a 12-h test,and the electrolytic reduction reached a yield of 85.4%after a 6-h test.展开更多
In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar perce...In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.展开更多
Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Method...Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Methods We retrieved data from sepsis patients who underwent Th1/Th2 cytokine testing in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from June 1,2020,to February 1,2022.An unsupervised K-means clustering method classified participants based on Th1/Th2 cytokine levels,with the primary outcome being the 7-day mortality rate post-ICU admission.Cox proportional hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time(RMST)analyses were utilized to explore survival outcomes.Results A total of 321 sepsis patients were included.IL-6(HR 1.69,95%CI:1.22,2.34)and IL-10(HR 1.81,95%CI:1.37,2.40)emerged as independent predictors of 7-day mortality.Unsupervised K-means clustering revealed 3 inflammatory/immune subgroups:Cluster 1(n=166,low inflammatory response),Cluster 2(n=99,moderate inflammatory response with immune suppression),and Cluster 3(n=56,strong inflammatory and immune suppression).Compared to Cluster 1,Clusters 2 and 3 had higher 7-day mortality risks(14.4%vs 23.2%,HR=4.30,95%CI:1.51-12.26;14.4%vs 35.7%,HR=7.32,95%CI:2.57-20.79).Conclusion Septic patients in a protective immune response state(Cluster 1)exhibit better short-term prognoses,suggesting the importance of understanding inflammatory/immune states for precise treatment and improved outcomes.展开更多
Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2...Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2)O(1)was synthesized as a 2D structure using Coas the metal source,methanol‑water(4∶6,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid(H_(2)FDCA)and 1,3,5‑triimidazole benzene(L).Adjusting to pure water and lowering the concentration of L yielded the 1D chain structure of[Co(HL)2(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(2).Using Cu(Ⅱ)as the metal source,methanol/water(9∶1,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of L and H2FDCA,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)]·2H_(2)O(3)was synthesized.Upon increasing the concentrations of L and H2FDCA,and switching the solvent to pure water,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(HL)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(4)was obtained.This shows that changing the solvent and ligand concentrations can affect the structural changes of CPs.In addition,the solid‑state photoluminescence of CPs 1‑4 at room temperature was studied,and their morphological changes were observed via scanning electron microscopy.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the negative charge concentrates on the O and N atoms of the ligand,facilitating ligand‑metal ion coordination.CCDC:2403934,1;2403935,2;2403936,3;2403938,4.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probi...BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.展开更多
Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming pr...Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.展开更多
In mammals,the litter size is approximately half the number of mammae,known as the‘one-half rule’,which has been recognized since the time of Aristotle in ancient Greece(Aristotle,1937)and applies to many species(Gi...In mammals,the litter size is approximately half the number of mammae,known as the‘one-half rule’,which has been recognized since the time of Aristotle in ancient Greece(Aristotle,1937)and applies to many species(Gilbert,1986;Diamond,1987).In contrast,arboreal squirrels,including flying squirrels,notably diverge from this norm by producing fewer offspring(Gilbert,1986).However,the reasons underlying this smaller litter size in arboreal squirrels have long remained elusive.展开更多
Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynam...Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.展开更多
文摘Objective: To identify the anti-hemorrhoidal medicinal plants of the Department of Issia and evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the most requested species. Methods: The plants used in hemorrhoid recipes in the Department of Issia (C?te d’Ivoire) were obtained using a semi-structured survey based on a questionnaire sheet. To assess the use of plants on the disease, Informant Consensus Factors (ICF) for each species were calculated. The harvested species were identified at the Centre National de Floristique (CNF) of the Félix Houphou?t Boigny University (C?te d’Ivoire). Cytotoxicity tests were performed on HFF cells with the 70% ethanolic extract, prepared from the aqueous extract of the most cited species. Results: A total of twenty four medicinal species in eighteen families were recorded. Among these taxa are ten woody and fourteen herbaceous. Only three species gave an ICF greater than 0.5. The ethanolic extract 70% of the frequently requested medicinal plant did not reveal any toxicity on HFF cells. Conclusion: These results revealed that the flora of the Department of Issia is rich in anti-hemorrhoidal medicinal plant species. Their use without side effects is revealed by the absence of toxicity in one of the most solicited plants.
文摘As a critical department ensuring the sterility of hospital instruments,the Sterile Supply Center(SSC)directly impacts the sterility status of clinical instruments through its sterilization qualification rate.Geriatric patients,due to physiological decline and compromised immune function,constitute a high-risk group for hospital-acquired infections,with more stringent requirements for instrument sterility.This paper analyzes the current status and influencing factors of sterilization qualification rates in SSCs,explores the mechanistic association between sterilization qualification rates and infections in geriatric departments,and proposes targeted strategies to improve sterilization qualification rates.It highlights the pivotal role of SSC instrument sterilization in infection prevention and control for geriatric patients,providing theoretical basis and practical guidance for optimizing SSC management,reducing infection rates in geriatric departments,and ensuring the safety of elderly patients’medical care.These findings aim to enhance overall infection management standards in hospitals.
文摘BACKGROUND Appropriate care for individuals who attempt suicide and are admitted to the emergency department(ED)can prevent future suicidal behavior.It is vital to understand their sociodemographic characteristics and the effects of targeted psychological care.AIM To analyze sociodemographic characteristics of suicide attempters treated in the ED and evaluate the efficacy of psychological care.METHODS Data from 239 suicide attempters treated in the ED of the Central Hospital of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(Hubei Province,China)between January 2021 and February 2025 were divided into 2:Control(n=108)and psychological care(n=131).The demographic characteristics and effects of the psychological care were analyzed.RESULTS The mean(±SD)age of the 239 patients[114 male(47.7%),125 female(52.3%)]was 26.25±9.3 years,of whom 122(45.2%)were single,117(48.9%)were married,and 106(44.4%)had secondary education.Thirty-eight(15.9%)patients had suicidal intent,with a mean of 1.26±0.59 suicide attempts each.Twenty-two(9.21%)patients had a family history of suicide,while 8(3.34%)had a family history of suicide attempt(s).Before intervention,mean Suicidal Intent Scale scores in the psychological nursing and control groups were 21.57±5.28 and 19.86±5.92,respectively(P>0.05).After 1 month of nursing intervention,the respective scores were 10.09±1.11 and 16.48±0.87(P<0.001);and the re-suicide rates were 11.45%(15/131)and 24.07%(26/108)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION Psychological care significantly reduces suicide risk;EDs should provide comprehensive mental health care.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.F252065)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32271190,32571323)the STI 2030 Major Project(No.2021ZD0203202)。
文摘Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)represents one of the most common causes of chronic pain.The high prevalence and disability rates of KOA impose a severe burden on both individuals and society.In contrast to cutaneous pain,KOA-induced joint pain is characterized as a deep tissue pain that potentially involves distinct subgroups of peripheral sensory neurons and central processing mechanisms.Furthermore,KOA pain is closely related to locomotion activity.Impaired sensorimotor integration and pain mutually reinforce each other in KOA,forming a vicious cycle that exacerbates disease progression.In this review,we highlight the key differences between KOA pain and cutaneous pain,and the latter has been extensively studied in the pain field.We hope to offer new insights into the central mechanisms and development of new treatment strategies for KOA based on the interactions between impaired sensorimotor integration and chronic joint pain.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82201568(to QQ)Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research,No.2024-2-1031(to QQ)Beijing Nova Program,No.20240484566(to QQ).
文摘Synapses are key structures involved in transmitting information in the nervous system,and their functions rely on the regulation of various lipids.Lipids play important roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter release,and signal transmission,and dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely associated with various neurodegenerative diseases.The complex roles of lipids in synaptic function and neurological diseases have recently garnered increasing attention,but their specific mechanisms remain to be fully understood.This review aims to explore how lipids regulate synaptic activity in the central nervous system,focusing on their roles in synapse formation,neurotransmitter release,and signal transmission.Additionally,it discusses the mechanisms by which glial cells modulate synaptic function through lipid regulation.This review shows that within the central nervous system,lipids are essential components of the cell membrane bilayer,playing critical roles in synaptic structure and function.They regulate presynaptic vesicular trafficking,postsynaptic signaling pathways,and glial-neuronal interactions.Cholesterol maintains membrane fluidity and promotes the formation of lipid rafts.Glycerophospholipids contribute to the structural integrity of synaptic membranes and are involved in the release of synaptic vesicles.Sphingolipids interact with synaptic receptors through various mechanisms to regulate their activity and are also involved in cellular processes such as inflammation and apoptosis.Fatty acids are vital for energy metabolism and the synthesis of signaling molecules.Abnormalities in lipid metabolism may lead to impairments in synaptic function,affecting information transmission between neurons and the overall health of the nervous system.Therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism,particularly through cholesterol modulation,show promise for treating these conditions.In neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,dysregulation of lipid metabolism is closely linked to synaptic dysfunction.Therefore,lipids are not only key molecules in neural regeneration and synaptic repair but may also contribute to neurodegenerative pathology when metabolic dysregulation occurs.Further research is needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms linking lipid metabolism to synaptic dysfunction and to develop targeted lipid therapies for neurological diseases.
文摘Noncohesive particle clusters are identified and tracked in turbulent flows to determine the breakdown and time evolution of cluster statistics and their implications for interscale mass transfer,which has connections to the classical turbulent energy cascade and its mass cascade counterpart running in parallel.In particular,the formation and dynamics of sediment and larvae clusters are of interest to coral larvae settlement in coastal regions and particularly the resilience of green-gray coastal protection solutions.Analogous cluster behavior is relevant to cloud microphysics and precipitation initiation,radiation transport and light transmission through colloids and suspensions,heat and mass transfer in particle-laden flows,and viral and pollutant transmission.Following a comparison between various clustering techniques,we adopt a density-based cluster identification algorithm based on its simplicity and efficiency,where particles are clustered based on the number of neighboring particles in their individual spheres of influence.We establish parallels with lattice-based percolation theory,as evident in the power-law scaling of the cluster size distribution near the percolation threshold.The degree of discontinuity of the phase transition associated with this percolation threshold is observed to broaden with larger Stokes numbers and thereby large-scale clustering.The sensitivity of our findings to the employed clustering algorithm is discussed.A novel cluster tracking algorithm is deployed to determine the interscale transfer rate along the particle-number phase-space dimension via accounting of cluster breakup and merger events,extending previous work on the bubble breakup cascade beneath surface breaking waves.Our findings shed light on the interaction between particle clusters and their carrier turbulent flows,with an eye toward transport models incorporating cluster characteristics and dynamics.
基金partly supported by the Yan’an University Qin Chuanyuan“Scientist+Engineer”Team Special Fund,No.2023KXJ-012(to YL)Yan’an University Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements Fund,No.2023CGZH-001(to YL)+2 种基金College Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,Nos.D2023158,202410719056(to XS,JM)Yan’an University Production and Cultivation Project,No.CXY202001(to YL)Kweichow Moutai Hospital Research and Talent Development Fund Project,No.MTyk2022-25(to XO)。
文摘The cure rate for chronic neurodegenerative diseases remains low,creating an urgent need for improved intervention methods.Recent studies have shown that enhancing mitochondrial function can mitigate the effects of these diseases.This paper comprehensively reviews the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic neurodegenerative diseases,aiming to uncover the potential use of targeted mitochondrial interventions as viable therapeutic options.We detail five targeted mitochondrial intervention strategies for chronic neurodegenerative diseases that act by promoting mitophagy,inhibiting mitochondrial fission,enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,applying mitochondria-targeting antioxidants,and transplanting mitochondria.Each method has unique advantages and potential limitations,making them suitable for various therapeutic situations.Therapies that promote mitophagy or inhibit mitochondrial fission could be particularly effective in slowing disease progression,especially in the early stages.In contrast,those that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis and apply mitochondria-targeting antioxidants may offer great benefits during the middle stages of the disease by improving cellular antioxidant capacity and energy metabolism.Mitochondrial transplantation,while still experimental,holds great promise for restoring the function of damaged cells.Future research should focus on exploring the mechanisms and effects of these intervention strategies,particularly regarding their safety and efficacy in clinical settings.Additionally,the development of innovative mitochondria-targeting approaches,such as gene editing and nanotechnology,may provide new solutions for treating chronic neurodegenerative diseases.Implementing combined therapeutic strategies that integrate multiple intervention methods could also enhance treatment outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.32271389,31900987(both to PY)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,No.BK20230608(to JJ)。
文摘Regulatory T cells,a subset of CD4^(+)T cells,play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties.Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair,emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation.This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.Beyond their classical immune-regulatory functions,emerging evidence points to non-immune mechanisms of regulatory T cells,particularly their interactions with stem cells and other non-immune cells.These interactions contribute to optimizing the repair microenvironment and promoting tissue repair and nerve regeneration,positioning non-immune pathways as a promising direction for future research.By modulating immune and non-immune cells,including neurons and glia within neural tissues,Tregs have demonstrated remarkable efficacy in enhancing regeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Preclinical studies have revealed that Treg cells interact with neurons,glial cells,and other neural components to mitigate inflammatory damage and support functional recovery.Current mechanistic studies show that Tregs can significantly promote neural repair and functional recovery by regulating inflammatory responses and the local immune microenvironment.However,research on the mechanistic roles of regulatory T cells in other diseases remains limited,highlighting substantial gaps and opportunities for exploration in this field.Laboratory and clinical studies have further advanced the application of regulatory T cells.Technical advances have enabled efficient isolation,ex vivo expansion and functionalization,and adoptive transfer of regulatory T cells,with efficacy validated in animal models.Innovative strategies,including gene editing,cell-free technologies,biomaterial-based recruitment,and in situ delivery have expanded the therapeutic potential of regulatory T cells.Gene editing enables precise functional optimization,while biomaterial and in situ delivery technologies enhance their accumulation and efficacy at target sites.These advancements not only improve the immune-regulatory capacity of regulatory T cells but also significantly enhance their role in tissue repair.By leveraging the pivotal and diverse functions of Tregs in immune modulation and tissue repair,regulatory T cells–based therapies may lead to transformative breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological diseases.
文摘Alzheimer's disease,a progressively degenerative neurological disorder,is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly.While its precise etiology remains unclear,researchers have identified diverse pathological characteristics and molecular pathways associated with its progression.Advances in scientific research have increasingly highlighted the crucial role of non-coding RNAs in the progression of Alzheimer's disease.These non-coding RNAs regulate several biological processes critical to the advancement of the disease,offering promising potential as therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers.Therefore,this review aims to investigate the underlying mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease onset,with a particular focus on microRNAs,long non-coding RNAs,and circular RNAs associated with the disease.The review elucidates the potential pathogenic processes of Alzheimer's disease and provides a detailed description of the synthesis mechanisms of the three aforementioned non-coding RNAs.It comprehensively summarizes the various non-coding RNAs that have been identified to play key regulatory roles in Alzheimer's disease,as well as how these noncoding RNAs influence the disease's progression by regulating gene expression and protein functions.For example,miR-9 targets the UBE4B gene,promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of Tau protein,thereby reducing Tau accumulation and delaying Alzheimer's disease progression.Conversely,the long non-coding RNA BACE1-AS stabilizes BACE1 mRNA,promoting the generation of amyloid-βand accelerating Alzheimer's disease development.Additionally,circular RNAs play significant roles in regulating neuroinflammatory responses.By integrating insights from these regulatory mechanisms,there is potential to discover new therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers for early detection and management of Alzheimer's disease.This review aims to enhance the understanding of the relationship between Alzheimer's disease and non-coding RNAs,potentially paving the way for early detection and novel treatment strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82371310(to YJ),82271306(to JP)the Sichuan Science and Technology Support Program,Nos.2023YFH0069(to JP),2023NSFSC0028(to YJ),2023NSFSC1559(to YJ),2022YFS0615(to JP),2022NSFSC1421(to JP)+1 种基金Scientific Research Project of Sichuan Provincial Health Commission,No.23LCYJ040(to YJ)Youth Foundation of Southwestern Medical University and Southwest Medical University Project,Nos.2020ZRQNA038(to JP),2021ZKZD013(to JP),2021LZXNYD-P01(to YJ),2023QN014(to JP).
文摘Neuronal cell death is a common outcome of multiple pathophysiological processes and a key factor in neurological dysfunction after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neuronal ferroptosis in particular plays an important role in early brain injury.Bromodomain-containing protein 4,a member of the bromo and extraterminal domain family of proteins,participated in multiple cell death pathways,but the mechanisms by which it regulates ferroptosis remain unclear.The primary aim of this study was to investigate how bromodomain-containing protein 4 affects neuronal ferroptosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage in vivo and in vitro.Our findings revealed that endogenous bromodomain-containing protein 4 co-localized with neurons,and its expression was decreased 48 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage of the cerebral cortex in vivo.In addition,ferroptosis-related pathways were activated in vivo and in vitro after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Targeted inhibition of bromodomain-containing protein 4 in neurons increased lipid peroxidation and intracellular ferrous iron accumulation via ferritinophagy and ultimately led to neuronal ferroptosis.Using cleavage under targets and tagmentation analysis,we found that bromodomain-containing protein 4 enrichment in the Raf-1 promoter region decreased following oxyhemoglobin stimulation in vitro.Furthermore,treating bromodomain-containing protein 4-knockdown HT-22 cell lines with GW5074,a Raf-1 inhibitor,exacerbated neuronal ferroptosis by suppressing the Raf-1/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.Moreover,targeted inhibition of neuronal bromodomain-containing protein 4 exacerbated early and long-term neurological function deficits after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Our findings suggest that bromodomain-containing protein 4 may have neuroprotective effects after subarachnoid hemorrhage,and that inhibiting ferroptosis could help treat subarachnoid hemorrhage.
基金Support by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22127802,22573091)the HY Action(62402010305)。
文摘Biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels,as one of the alternatives to traditional fossil fuels,have attracted considerable attention in the energy field due to their renewability and environmental benefits.This article provides a systematic review of recent research progress in the chemical synthesis of biomass-based hydrocarbon fuels.It outlines the conversion pathways using feedstocks such as lipids,terpenoids,cellulose/hemicellulose,and lignin.Depending on the feedstock,various products with distinct structural characteristics can be prepared through reactions such as cyclization,condensation,and catalytic hydrogenation.Throughout the synthesis process,three key factors play a critical role:efficient catalyst development,production process optimization,and computational-chemistry-based molecular design.Finally,the article discusses future perspectives for biomass-based hydrocarbon fuel synthesis research.
文摘Diagrams as a visual technique played a key role in early modern natural history.Robert Morison,a Scottish botanist and the first Professor of Botany at Oxford University,made a noteworthy early attempt in the 17th century to promote the use of diagrams in plant taxonomy.By pioneering the use of diagrams as the core of his botanical monographs,Morison inverted the order in which text and diagrams are read in natural history books and made diagrams more than a mere adjunct to the main text.Morison also consciously aligned the structure of the diagrams with the spatial arrangement of his seed collection and the Oxford Botanic Garden,so that the diagrams functioned productively as a means of bridging difierent botanical practices and retrieving information from multiple aspects.Morison’s appropriation and mobilisation of the diagrammatic mode of representation that originated in the Middle Ages helped pave the way for the diagram,as a visual language between textuality and pictoriality,to become prevalent amongst early modern naturalists.
文摘In order to explore the reduction pathways of zinc oxide in LiCl molten salt and the optimal process,experiments were conducted in an alumina crucible using metallic lithium as the reducing agent and lithium chloride molten salt as the reaction medium at 923 K.The study assessed the effects of lithium thermochemical reduction and electrolytic reduction of ZnO.The volatilization behavior of metal oxides in molten salts,the equivalent of a reducing agent,reduction time,amount of molten salt,stirring time,and the method of reduction feed were investigated for their impacts on the reduction yield and product composition.X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)analysis of the products showed that lithium reduction of ZnO not only produced metallic Zn but also formed a LiZn alloy.Electrolytic reduction can be used to obtain the metallic Zn product by controlling the potential below-2.2 V(vs Ag/Ag^(+)).Moreover,sintered oxides and higher electrode potentials could enhance the efficiency of electrolysis.Under the optimal reaction conditions determined experimentally,the lithium reduction experiment achieved a yield of 77.2%after a 12-h test,and the electrolytic reduction reached a yield of 85.4%after a 6-h test.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Project of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023067)Project of Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(202303021211189)+1 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Provinces(20220036)Shanxi ProvinceIntelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation Center and Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and TechnologyLaboratory,Yuncheng University.
文摘In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.
文摘Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Methods We retrieved data from sepsis patients who underwent Th1/Th2 cytokine testing in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from June 1,2020,to February 1,2022.An unsupervised K-means clustering method classified participants based on Th1/Th2 cytokine levels,with the primary outcome being the 7-day mortality rate post-ICU admission.Cox proportional hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time(RMST)analyses were utilized to explore survival outcomes.Results A total of 321 sepsis patients were included.IL-6(HR 1.69,95%CI:1.22,2.34)and IL-10(HR 1.81,95%CI:1.37,2.40)emerged as independent predictors of 7-day mortality.Unsupervised K-means clustering revealed 3 inflammatory/immune subgroups:Cluster 1(n=166,low inflammatory response),Cluster 2(n=99,moderate inflammatory response with immune suppression),and Cluster 3(n=56,strong inflammatory and immune suppression).Compared to Cluster 1,Clusters 2 and 3 had higher 7-day mortality risks(14.4%vs 23.2%,HR=4.30,95%CI:1.51-12.26;14.4%vs 35.7%,HR=7.32,95%CI:2.57-20.79).Conclusion Septic patients in a protective immune response state(Cluster 1)exhibit better short-term prognoses,suggesting the importance of understanding inflammatory/immune states for precise treatment and improved outcomes.
文摘Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2)O(1)was synthesized as a 2D structure using Coas the metal source,methanol‑water(4∶6,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid(H_(2)FDCA)and 1,3,5‑triimidazole benzene(L).Adjusting to pure water and lowering the concentration of L yielded the 1D chain structure of[Co(HL)2(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(2).Using Cu(Ⅱ)as the metal source,methanol/water(9∶1,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of L and H2FDCA,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)]·2H_(2)O(3)was synthesized.Upon increasing the concentrations of L and H2FDCA,and switching the solvent to pure water,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(HL)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(4)was obtained.This shows that changing the solvent and ligand concentrations can affect the structural changes of CPs.In addition,the solid‑state photoluminescence of CPs 1‑4 at room temperature was studied,and their morphological changes were observed via scanning electron microscopy.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the negative charge concentrates on the O and N atoms of the ligand,facilitating ligand‑metal ion coordination.CCDC:2403934,1;2403935,2;2403936,3;2403938,4.
文摘BACKGROUND:Breast hyperplasia is a common benign breast disease mainly caused by endocrine disorders,manifested as abnormal hyperplasia of breast tissue.In recent years,traditional Chinese medicine compounds and probiotics have shown good potential in regulating the endocrine system and improving the intestinal microecology,providing new ideas for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.OBJECTIVE:To explore the effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine compounds and fermented probiotic compounds on breast hyperplasia in mice,providing new theoretical and experimental bases for the clinical treatment and prevention of breast hyperplasia.METHODS:(1)Network pharmacology tools were used to predict the anti-breast-hyperplasia activity of Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa),as well as its potential targets and signaling pathways.The databases included:TCMSP,OMIM,GeneCards database,UniProt website,Venny2.1.0 website,Metascape,HERB website,and STRING database,all of which are open-access databases.Network pharmacology can predict and screen key information such as the targets corresponding to the active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine,disease targets,and action pathways through network analysis and computer-system analysis.Therefore,it has been increasingly widely used in the research of traditional Chinese medicine.(2)A breast hyperplasia model was induced in mice by injecting estrogen and progesterone.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline every day.Mice in the model group and drugadministration groups were injected intraperitoneally with estradiol benzoate injection at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg every day for 25 days.From the 26th day,the injection of estradiol benzoate injection was stopped.Mice in the normal blank group were injected intramuscularly with normal saline every day,and mice in the model group and drug-administration groups were injected intramuscularly with progesterone injection at a concentration of 5 mg/kg for 5 days.After the model was established,each group was given drugs respectively.The normal blank group and the model group were gavaged with 0.2 mL/d of normal saline;the positive blank group(Xiaozheng Pill group)was gavaged with an aqueous solution of Xiaozheng Pill at 0.9 mg/g;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively;the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation were gavaged with an aqueous solution of the compound medicine at 0.75,1.5,and 3.0 mg/(g·d)respectively.The administration was continuous for 30 days.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The results of network pharmacology research showed that the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae(Euphorbia humifusa)contained 46 active ingredients,which were related to 1213 potential targets.After comparison with 588 known breast-hyperplasia targets,it was speculated that 50 of these targets might be related to the direct effect of the compound on breast hyperplasia.(2)After drug intervention,there was no significant change in the high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae compared with the normal blank group.The liver indicators of the other intervention groups all significantly decreased(P<0.05).(3)In terms of kidney and uterine indicators,the medium-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae decreased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.05).In terms of the uterine index,the model group increased significantly compared with the normal blank group(P<0.01).(4)After 1-month drug treatment,the number of lobules and acini in the breast tissue of the Xiaozheng Pill group,the low,medium,and high-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae,the low,medium,and highdose groups of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation decreased,and the duct openings narrowed.With the increase of drug dose,diffuse hyperplasia of breast tissue was significantly improved.(5)The ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the estrogen level was lower in the medium-dose group of traditional Chinese medicine-bacteria fermentation after the intervention(P<0.05).In addition,the follicle-stimulating hormone level in the low-dose group of Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae was lower than that of the model group(P<0.05).(6)The intervention in the mouse model led to changes in the abundance of short chain fatty acids and intestinal flora in all groups.To conclude,the Compound Herba Gueldenstaedtiae and its probiotic fermentation products significantly improved mammary gland hyperplasia in mice by regulating hormone levels,improving the structure of the gut microbiota,and increasing the content of shortchain fatty acids,providing new ideas and potential sources of drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
基金Supported by the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory on Micro-Nano Manufacturing Technology,China(No.2021LSYS004)Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sustainable Biomimetic Materials and Green Energy,China(No.2024B1212010003)。
文摘Monitoring biogenic amines,which are metabolic byproducts of shrimp spoilage,is crucial for assessing food quality.Currently,most detection methods for biogenic amines suffer from limitations such as time-consuming procedures,complex operations,and delayed results.Colorimetric analysis techniques have gained attention in recent years due to their advantages of short analysis time,simple operation,and suitability for on-site testing.This study successfully developed a series of colorimetric sensor platforms for biogenic amines by loading the natural active ingredient curcumin(CUR)and its derivative of Boron complex BFCUR onto filter paper and electrospun nanofibre films(ENFs),respectively.By analyzing the color response differences of these sensors upon contact with biogenic amines,the colorimetric sensors with superior detection performance were selected and further applied to the visual monitoring and indication of shrimp spoilage processes.
文摘In mammals,the litter size is approximately half the number of mammae,known as the‘one-half rule’,which has been recognized since the time of Aristotle in ancient Greece(Aristotle,1937)and applies to many species(Gilbert,1986;Diamond,1987).In contrast,arboreal squirrels,including flying squirrels,notably diverge from this norm by producing fewer offspring(Gilbert,1986).However,the reasons underlying this smaller litter size in arboreal squirrels have long remained elusive.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52293472,22473096 and 22471164)。
文摘Among various architectures of polymers,end-group-free rings have attracted growing interests due to their distinct physicochemical performances over the linear counterparts which are exemplified by reduced hydrodynamic size and slower degradation.It is key to develop facile methods to large-scale synthesis of polymer rings with tunable compositions and microstructures.Recent progresses in large-scale synthesis of polymer rings against single-chain dynamic nanoparticles,and the example applications in synchronous enhancing toughness and strength of polymer nanocomposites are summarized.Once there is the breakthrough in rational design and effective large-scale synthesis of polymer rings and their functional derivatives,a family of cyclic functional hybrids would be available,thus providing a new paradigm in developing polymer science and engineering.
