Objective A highly sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography method with pre‐column derivatization with 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan was developed for determination of taurine in biological sampl...Objective A highly sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography method with pre‐column derivatization with 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan was developed for determination of taurine in biological samples,including plasma,brain,and liver.Methods The optimum derivatization reaction temperature was 70℃,and at this temperature the reaction was complete within 3 min.The derivatized taurine was separated using phosphate buffer （0.02 mol/L,pH 6.0）：acetonitrile （84：16,v/v） as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and a column temperature of 25℃.The taurine derivatives were separated within 20 min （tR：14.5 min） and fluorometrically detected at 530 nm with excitation at 470 nm.Results The intra‐ and the inter‐day coefficients of variation for the method were 5.3% and 7.7%,respectively.The calibration curve was linear from 0.1 μmol/L to 30.0 μmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995.Conclusion This method can be used to determine the taurine contents in plasma,brain,and liver from normal rats and human plasma.展开更多
Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain,discomfort and bloating.The pathophysiology of IBS is poorly understood,but the presence of psychosocial basis is now known.There i...Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain,discomfort and bloating.The pathophysiology of IBS is poorly understood,but the presence of psychosocial basis is now known.There is an increasing number of publications supporting the role of genetics in IBS.Most of the variations are found in genes associated with the brain-gut axis,revealing the strong correlation of brain-gut axis and IBS.miRNAs,which play critical roles in physiological processes,are not well studied in IBS.However,so far there is found an involvement of alterations in miRNA expression or sequence,in IBS symptoms.IBS phenotype is affected by epigenetic alteration and environment.Changes in DNA and histone methylation are observed in patients who suffered childhood trauma or abuse,resulting in altered gene expression,such as the glucocorticoid receptor gene.Finally,diet is another factor associated with IBS,which may contribute to symptom onset.Certain foods may affect on bacterial metabolism and epigenetic modifications,predisposing to IBS.展开更多
AIM: To develop a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method detecting cir-culating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood sam...AIM: To develop a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method detecting cir-culating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 88 CRC patients and 40 healthy individuals from the blood donors' clinic and subsequently analyzed by multiplex RT-RCR for the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA. The analysis involved determining the detection rates of CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts vs disease stage and overall survival. Median follow-up period was 19 mo (range 8-28 mo). RESULTS: Rates of CEA, CK20 and EGFR detection in CRC patients were 95.5%, 78.4% and 19.3%, respectively. CEA transcripts were detected in 3 healthy volunteer samples (7.5%), whereas all control samples were tested negative for CK20 and EGFR transcripts. The increasing number of positive detections for CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts in each blood sample was positively correlated with Astler-Coller disease stage (P< 0.001) and preoperative serum levels of CEA (P=0.029) in CRC patients. Data analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimator documented signif icant differences in the overall survival of the different CRC patient groups as formed according to the increasing number of positivity for CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that multiplex RTPCR assay can provide useful information concerning disease stage and overall survival of CRC patients.展开更多
Aim： To determine the biochemical effect of di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） on testes, liver, kidneys and pancreas on day 10 in the process of degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. Methods： Diets conta...Aim： To determine the biochemical effect of di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） on testes, liver, kidneys and pancreas on day 10 in the process of degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. Methods： Diets containing 2% DEHP were given to male Crlj：CDI（ICR） mice for 10 days. The dose of DEHP was 0.90±0.52 mg/mouse/day. Their testes, livers, kidneys and pancreata were examined for detection of mono-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （MEHP）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） produced by peroxidation of nitric oxide （NO） with free radicals, and lipid peroxidation induced by the chain reaction of free radicals. Results： Histological observation and serum analysis showed the presence of severe sperrnatogenic disturbance, Leydig cell dysfunction, liver dysfunction and dehydration. Unexpectedly, the concentration of MEHP in the testes was extremely low compared with that in the liver. However, the concentration of the NOx in the testes was as high as the hepatic concentration. Furthermore, free radical-induced lipid peroxidation was histochemically detected in the testes but not in the liver. Conclusion： The results indicate that DEHP-induced aspermatogenesis is caused by the high sensitivity of the testicular tissues to MEHP rather than the specific accumulation or uptake of circulating MEHP into the testes.展开更多
Backgound Red cell distribution width(RDW) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) are simple hematologic indices that have been used to predict adverse outcomes in different clinical settings. The aim of our study is...Backgound Red cell distribution width(RDW) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) are simple hematologic indices that have been used to predict adverse outcomes in different clinical settings. The aim of our study is to determine whether RDW and NLR can predict atrial fibrillation(AF) recurrence in patients undergoing AF ablation. Methods Consecutive patients, without known hematological disorders, who underwent AF catheter ablation between January 2014 and April 2017 were enrolled into this study. Blood samples were taken one day before and five hours after the ablation procedure. Results A total of 346 patients(224 males(65%), mean age: 59 ± 11 years old) were included. After a mean follow up of 26.2 ± 12.1 months, 80(23.1%) patients experienced late AF recurrence(defined as any recurrence after the blanking period of three months), while 97(28%) patients experienced early AF recurrence during the blanking period. Univariate analysis showed that early arrhythmia recurrence, type of AF and NLR after the procedure were significantly associated with late AF recurrence, while early arrhythmia recurrence and NLR remained significant in multivariate analysis. RDW was not associated with late AF recurrence. None of the parameters above predicted early arrhythmia recurrence. Conclusions Simple and inexpensive hematological indices such as NLR should be evaluated for their ability to predict AF recurrence in patients undergoing catheter ablation in larger prospective studies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Patients with stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, gain a 25% survival benefit. In the context of personalized medicine, there is a need to identify patients with CRC who...BACKGROUND Patients with stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, gain a 25% survival benefit. In the context of personalized medicine, there is a need to identify patients with CRC who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Molecular profiling could guide treatment decisions in these patients. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene polymorphisms, KRAS and BRAF could be included in the molecular profile under consideration. AIM To investigate the association of TYMS gene polymorphisms, KRAS and BRAF mutations with survival of CRC patients treated with chemotherapy.METHODS A retrospective study studied formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPEs) of consecutive patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy during January/2005-January/2007. FFPEs were analysed with PCR for the detection of TYMS polymorphisms, mutated KRAS (mKRAS) and BRAF (mBRAF). Patients were classified into three groups (high, medium and low risk) according to 5’UTR TYMS polymorphisms Similarly, based on 3’UTR polymorphism ins/loss of heterozygosity (LOH) patients were allocated into two groups (high and low risk of relapse, respectively). Cox regression models examined the associated 5- year survival outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and thirty patients with early stage CRC (stage I-II: 55 patients;stage III 75 patients;colon: 70 patients;rectal: 60 patients) were treated with surgery and chemotherapy. The 5-year disease free survival and overall survival rate was 61.6% and 73.9% respectively. 5’UTR polymorphisms of intermediate TYMS polymorphisms (2RG/3RG, 2RG/LOH, 3RC/LOH) were associated with lower risk for relapse [hazard ratio (HR) 0.320, P = 0.02 and HR 0.343, P = 0.013 respectively] and death (HR 0.368, P = 0.031 and HR 0.394, P = 0.029 respectively). The 3’UTR polymorphism ins/LOH was independently associated with increased risk for disease recurrence (P = 0.001) and death (P = 0.005). mBRAF (3.8% of patients) was associated with increased risk of death (HR 4.500, P = 0.022) whereas mKRAS (39% of patients) not. CONCLUSION Prospective validating studies are required to confirm whether 2RG/3RG, 2RG/LOH, 3RC/LOH, absence of ins/LOH and wild type BRAF may indicate patients at lower risk of relapse following adjuvant chemotherapy.展开更多
AIM: Various side effects have been reported in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who were treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-α), including the appearance or exacerbation of underlying autoimmune disease...AIM: Various side effects have been reported in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who were treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-α), including the appearance or exacerbation of underlying autoimmune diseases and the development of a variety of organ and non-organ specific autoantibodies (NOSA). However, very few studies in adults have been strictly designed to address: whether the prevalence and the titre of organ and NOSA in serial samples of HCV-treated patients were affected by IFN-α, and the impact of these autoantibodies on the treatment outcome of HCV patients. METHODS: We investigated whether parietal cell autoantibodies (PCA) and/or NOSA were related with treatment-outcome in 57 HCV-treated patients (19 sustained-responders, 16 relapsers, 22 non-responders). Serum samples from patients were studied blindly at three time-points (entry, end of treatment and end of followup). For the detection of autoantibodies we used indirect immunofluorescence, commercial and in-house ELISAs. RESULTS: Sustained biochemical response was associated with ANA-negativity at the entry or end of follow up. Sustained virological response was associated with the absence of PCA at the entry. Combined virological and biochemical sustained response (CVBSR) was associated with the absence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) at the end of follow up and PCA-negativity at the entry. Sustained virological and CVBSR were associated with a reduction of ANA and SMA titers during therapy. CONCLUSION: Although PCA and/or NOSA seropositivity should not affect the decision to treat HCV patients, the presence of some of them such as ANA, PCA and SMA before treatment or their increase during therapy with IFN- a may predict a worse response, indicating the need for a closer monitoring during treatment of HCV patients positive for these autoantibodies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality.The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030.This study aims to...BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality.The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030.This study aims to estimate the required interventions to achieve elimination using updated information for direct-acting antiviral(DAA)treatment coverage,to compute the total costs(including indirect/societal costs)of the strategy and to identify whether the elimination strategy is cost-effective/cost-saving in Greece.AIM To estimate the required interventions and subsequent costs to achieve HCV elimination in Greece.METHODS A previously validated mathematical model was adapted to the Greek HCVinfected population to compare the outcomes of DAA treatment without the additional implementation of awareness or screening campaigns versus an HCV elimination strategy,which includes a sufficient number of treated patients.We estimated the total costs(direct and indirect costs),the disability-adjusted life years and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using two different price scenarios.RESULTS Without the implementation of awareness or screening campaigns,approximately 20000 patients would be diagnosed and treated with DAAs by2030.This strategy would result in a 19.6%increase in HCV-related mortality in2030 compared to 2015.To achieve the elimination goal,90000 patients need to be treated by 2030.Under the elimination scenario,viremic cases would decrease by78.8%in 2030 compared to 2015.The cumulative direct costs to eliminate the disease would range from 2.1-2.3 billion euros(€)by 2030,while the indirect costs would be€1.1 billion.The total elimination cost in Greece would range from€3.2-3.4 billion by 2030.The cost per averted disability-adjusted life year is estimated between€10100 and€13380,indicating that the elimination strategy is very costeffective.Furthermore,HCV elimination strategy would save€560-895 million by2035.CONCLUSION Without large screening programs,elimination of HCV cannot be achieved.The HCV elimination strategy is feasible and cost-saving despite the uncertainty of the future cost of DAAs in Greece.展开更多
Objective:To identify the serological epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infections and to follow up on the changes in the infection profile in Southern Egypt in order to establish a suitable scheme for control and preve...Objective:To identify the serological epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infections and to follow up on the changes in the infection profile in Southern Egypt in order to establish a suitable scheme for control and prevention of cryptosporidiosis.Methods:A total of 1912(960 from human and 952 from animals)stool specimens and sera were screened for Cryptosporidium species using modified Ziehl Neelsen technique and a newly-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Environmental risk factors and socioeconomic data were surveyed by questionnaire between September 2016 and December 2017.Results:Totally,20.83%of the human subjects were positive for Cryptosporidium infection tested by ELISA.The seropositivity was positively correlated with age.The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections in females was significantly higher than in males(P<0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for Cryptosporidium were 99.06%and 88.88%,respectively.Furthermore,a high prevalence of Cryptosporidium in domestic animals(42.20%).Conclusions:The study observed that Cryptosporidium infections are common in the study area,with water sanitation,socioeconomic level;eating habits and hygienic status are considered the main risk factors for cryptosporidiosis.Therefore,environmental sanitation and health education will be useful in reducing the prevalence of infection.展开更多
AIM: To assess the trends in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) over 23 years in the same area and to identify genetic factors related to incidence evolution. METHODS: Patients with IBD arising from Nor...AIM: To assess the trends in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) over 23 years in the same area and to identify genetic factors related to incidence evolution. METHODS: Patients with IBD arising from North- western Greece were systematically recorded through the 1983-2005 period. Trends in disease incidence and genetic patterns related to CARD15 variants were documented and correlated. RESULTS: A total of 447 patients with IBD were recorded (23.5% Crohn’s disease, 72.7% Ulcerative colitis and 3.8% indeterminate colitis). Mean annual incidence rates of CD and UC were 0.9/100 000 (95% CI 0.1-1.7) and 2.7/100 000 (95% CI 1.7-4.1) inhabitants, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase of CD incidence (P < 0.01) during the study period, in contrast to the UC incidence. There were no statistical differences in CARD15 variants over the study period. CONCLUSION: The incidence of CD in North-western Greece has risen disproportionately to that of UC in the 21st century. This is not related to alterations of genetic background though.展开更多
We evaluated whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance in elderly Japanese. A total of 2059 elderly Japanese (730 men and 1329 women), aged 60 - 79 years, were enrolled in the cross-sectional invest...We evaluated whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance in elderly Japanese. A total of 2059 elderly Japanese (730 men and 1329 women), aged 60 - 79 years, were enrolled in the cross-sectional investigation study. Anthropometric parameters, whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance were measured. Whole body reaction time was significantly higher and one leg with eye closed balance was significantly lower in 70’s than those in 60’s in both sexes. Two hundred twenty seven men (31.1%) and 533 women (40.1%) were having no medications. In men, whole body reaction time was significantly higher and one leg with eye closed balance was significantly lower in subjects with medications than those in subjects without in 60’s. However, significant differences of whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance between subjects with and without medications in men with 70’s and women with 60’s and 70’s were not noted. This standard mean value may provide a useful reference database for evaluating whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance in Japanese elderly subjects.展开更多
AIM: To examine the effect of carob-bean gum(CBG) thickened-formulas on reflux and tolerance indices in infants with gastro-esophageal reflux(GER). METHODS: Fifty-six eligible infants(1-6 mo old) were randomly allocat...AIM: To examine the effect of carob-bean gum(CBG) thickened-formulas on reflux and tolerance indices in infants with gastro-esophageal reflux(GER). METHODS: Fifty-six eligible infants(1-6 mo old) were randomly allocated to receive for two weeks a formula with either 0.33 g/100 m L(Formula A) or 0.45 g/100 m L(Formula B) of cold soluble CBG galactomannans respectively, or a formula with 0.45 g/100 m L of hot soluble CBG galactomannans(Formula C). No control group receiving standard formula was included in the study. Data on the following indices were obtained both at baseline and follow-up from all study participants: 24 h esophageal p H monitoring indices, anthropometrical indices(i.e., body weight and length) and tolerance indices(i.e., frequency of colics; type and frequency ofdefecations). From the eligible infants, forty seven were included in an intention-to-treat analysis to examine the effects of the two-week trial on esophageal 24 h p H monitoring, growth and tolerance indices. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to examine the research hypothesis.RESULTS: Regarding changes in 24 h p H monitoring indices, significant decreases from baseline to followup were observed in the "Boix Ochoa Score"(i.e., an index of esophageal acid exposure), in the total number of visible refluxes and in all symptoms related indices due to acid reflux only for infants provided with Formula A, while no significant changes were observed for infants provided with Formulas B and C. In addition, the significant decreases observed in two symptoms related p H monitoring indices(i.e., "Symptom index for reflux" and "Percentage of all reflux") for infants provided with Formula A were also found to differentiate significantly compared to the changes observed in the other two groups(P = 0.048 and P = 0.014 respectively). Concerning changes in anthropometric indices, body weight significantly increased among infants provided with Formulas A and C, but not for infants provided with Formula B. As far as tolerance indices were concerned, the numbers of total and diarrheic defecations increased significantly only in infants provided with Formula B and these changes were significantly higher compared to the decreases observed in infants fed with Formulas A and C(P = 0.003 and P = 0.015 respectively. Lastly the number of colics significantly decreased in all infants, irrespective of the tested formula. CONCLUSION: Formula A(i.e., 0.33 g/100 m L of cold galactomannans) was effective in reducing certain p Hmonitoring indices of uncomplicated GER, increased body weight and was well-tolerated by infants.展开更多
The specific crystalline form of a compound remarkably affects its physicochemical properties.Therefore,a detailed analysis of the structural features and intermolecular interactions of a multi-component crystal is fe...The specific crystalline form of a compound remarkably affects its physicochemical properties.Therefore,a detailed analysis of the structural features and intermolecular interactions of a multi-component crystal is feasible to understand the relationships among the structure,physicochemical properties and the formation mechanism.In the present study,three novel cocrystal salt solvates of rhein and berberine were reported for the first time.Various solid characterizations and theoretical computations based on density functional theory(DFT)were carried out to demonstrate the intermolecular interactions.The theoretical computation shows that the strongest interaction existed between berberine cation and rhein anion,and the electrostatic interaction play a dominant role.However,no salt bond was observed between them.Further intrinsic dissolution rate analysis in water shows that the monohydrate exhibits 17 times enhancement in comparison with rhein.The rhein and berberine combined in ionic state in cocrystal salt is the main reason for the solubility improvement.This paper suggests that the interactions between the different components can be visualized and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by theoretical computation,which is helpful to understand the relationship between stereochemical structure and physicochemical properties of multi-component complex.展开更多
We compared the levels of ventilatory threshold (VT) between subjects with and without pro-teinuria. We used data of 402 men and 413 women who were not taking any medications, aged 20 - 77 years, in this cross-section...We compared the levels of ventilatory threshold (VT) between subjects with and without pro-teinuria. We used data of 402 men and 413 women who were not taking any medications, aged 20 - 77 years, in this cross-sectional in-vestigation study. Aerobic Parameters at VT i.e. oxygen uptake, work rate and heart rate, and exercise habits were evaluated, which are con-sidered to be cardio respiratory fitness. Pro-teinuria was measured by using urine strip de-vices. Forty three men (10.7%) and 29 women (7.0%) were diagnosed as having the proteinuria (± ≦). There were no significant relationships between proteinuria and exercise habits in both sexes after adjusting for age. Oxygen uptake at VT in subjects with proteinuria was significantly lower than that in subjects without proteinuria after adjusting for age in men. However, such link was not noted in women after adjusting for age (p = 0.9964). Finally, associations were at-tenuated after adjusting for age and exercise habits in both sexes. Among Japanese not tak-ing medications, proteinuria might be a modifi-able factor of VT, especially in Japanese men.展开更多
BACKGROUND One third of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients have gastrointestinal symptoms.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA has been detected in stool samples of approximately 50%o...BACKGROUND One third of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients have gastrointestinal symptoms.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA has been detected in stool samples of approximately 50%of COVID-19 individuals.Fecal calprotectin is a marker of gastrointestinal inflammation in the general population.AIM To investigate if fecal calprotectin correlates with SARS-CoV-2 intestinal shedding in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.METHODS Patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to the Infectious Disease Unit(University Hospital of Trieste,Italy)from September to November 2020 were consecutively enrolled in the study.Fecal samples were collected and analyzed for quantification of fecal calprotectin(normal value<50 mg/kg)and SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Inter-group differences were determined between patients with and without diarrhea and patients with and without detection of fecal SARS-CoV-2.RESULTS We enrolled 51 adults(40 males)with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.Ten patients(20%)presented with diarrhea.Real-time-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 in stools was positive in 39 patients(76%),in all patients with diarrhea(100%)and in more than two thirds(29/41,71%)of patients without diarrhea.Obesity was one of the most common comorbidities(13 patients,25%);all obese patients(100%)(P=0.021)tested positive for fecal SARS-CoV-2.Median fecal calprotectin levels were 60 mg/kg[interquartile range(IQR)21;108];higher fecal calprotectin levels were found in the group with SARS-CoV-2 in stools(74 mg/kg,IQR 29;132.5)compared to the group without SARS-CoV-2(39 mg/kg,IQR 14;71)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION High fecal calprotectin levels among COVID-19 patients correlate with SARSCoV-2 detection in stools supporting the hypothesis that this virus can lead to bowel inflammation and potentially to the‘leaky gut’syndrome.展开更多
Plastic and elastic behaviors of organic crystals have profound influence on the processability of pharmaceutical substances.Analogous to metals,the identifications of molecular slip planes in organic crystals are reg...Plastic and elastic behaviors of organic crystals have profound influence on the processability of pharmaceutical substances.Analogous to metals,the identifications of molecular slip planes in organic crystals are regarded as a strategy for harnessing plasticity.In this work,we experimentally characterized the form II anhydrous theophylline(THPa)and its monohydrate(THPm)for their distinct plastic and elastic behaviors.Extensive DFT calculations were performed to model the effects of increasing lattice strains on molecular packing.We discovered that the energy barrier associated with the strain-induced molecular rearrangement would link to the plasticity of THPa,and possibly other simple aromatic compounds.Meanwhile,water molecules in THPm disrupt the stacking architecture from THPm and effectively undermine the general mechanism for plasticity.Hydrate formation would therefore be an alternative strategy to engineer the mechanical property of organic crystalline materials.展开更多
The present study was initiated to make an urban rural comparison of the prevalence of cases positive to hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) infection markers in densely populated eastern half of Chin...The present study was initiated to make an urban rural comparison of the prevalence of cases positive to hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) infection markers in densely populated eastern half of China. For this purpose, 10 survey sites were selected, i.e., six sites in urban areas (the city group; Beijing, Shanghai and four provincial capitals) and four sites in rural areas (the village group ; one village each in Jilin and Shandong Provinces, and two villages in Shaanxi Province). About 50 adult women per site volunteered to participate, from whom 494 valid blood samples were collected. Positivities to HBsAg (HBsAg +), anti HBs (anti HBs +) and anti HBc (anti HBc +) were examined by RIA methods, and that to anti HCV (anti HCV +) by either EIA or RIA. Those positive to any one of the three HBV infection markers were taken as HBV infection positive (HBV +). The prevalence of HBsAg +, HBV + and anti HBc + was 8%, 70% and 2.7% in the city group, and 8%, 65% and 2.0% in the village group, and no significant difference was found between the two groups. The overall prevalence was 8% for HBsAg +, 68% for HBV +, and 2.4% for anti HCV +. The results were discussed in reference to some 20 papers each on HBV + and anti HCV + prevalence in China published since 1991. The reviewing of these papers confirmed that the prevalence of HBV was high (i.e., in excess of 50%), whereas the prevalence of anti HCV was low (well below 5%), and that no substantial difference was found between the rural and urban populations.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the deltamethrin pyrethroid insecticides against Anopheles labranchiae, potential malaria vector in Tunisia.Methods: Six field populations of Anopheles labranchiae mosquitoes were collected from...Objective: To evaluate the deltamethrin pyrethroid insecticides against Anopheles labranchiae, potential malaria vector in Tunisia.Methods: Six field populations of Anopheles labranchiae mosquitoes were collected from six localities in Northern and Central Tunisia between October and November 2016.Different bioassays were performed to estimate the level of resistance in each collected population. Two synergists were used to estimate the involvement of detoxification enzymes in insecticide resistance.Results: All studied strains were resistant and the RR50 ranged from 12.5 in sample #1 to72.5 in sample #6. Synergist tests using piperonyl butoxide indicated the involvement of monoxygenases enzymes in the recorded resistance. In contrast, the increase of deltamethrin mortality was not significant in presence of S,S,sributyl phosphorothioate(0.8 < SR < 1.2), suggesting no role of esterases(and/or GST) in the resistance phenotype. The correlation recorded between mortality due to DDT and the LC50 of deltamethrin insecticide indicated an insensitive sodium channel affected by Kdr mutation(Spearman rank correlation, r =-0.59, P < 0.01).Conclusions: These results should be considered in the current mosquitoes control programs in Tunisia. The use of pesticides and insecticides by both agricultural and public health departments in Tunisia should be more rational to reduce the development of resistance in populations. Different insecticide applications should be implemented alternately.展开更多
Objective: To establish a reformative detection system which has sound ability of providing information on molecular mutagenesis spectrum and the specificity of detection system of repackaged λ phage. Methods: LacZ g...Objective: To establish a reformative detection system which has sound ability of providing information on molecular mutagenesis spectrum and the specificity of detection system of repackaged λ phage. Methods: LacZ gene, as mutational target gene and reporter gene, was applied into the detection system. The λ gt11 DNA treated with ENU (1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea) and 9-AA (9-aminoacridine) was repackaged in vitro. The packaged λ phage was then grown in E. coli Y1090 on a selective plate containing X-gel and IPTG. The survival and mutation frequencies were determined by counting the clear-plaque and blue-plaque, and the molecular mutation mechanism was studied by extracting and sequencing the LacZ gene of mutants. Results: The survival of repackaged λ phages treated with 9-AA and ENU apparently decreased in consistent dose-dependence. The mutation frequency of clear-plaque mutants showed a linear dose-related increase. The predominant mutations induced by 9-AA were ± 1 frameshift mutation, and 9-AA induced - 1 frameshift was much more effective than induced +1 frameshift. 9-AA also induced substitutions with transversions more common. ENU-induced mutations were chiefly occurred at G: C sites. Substitutions induced by ENU were mainly G: C→A: T, G: C→C: G and A: T→T: A transversion. Conclusion: Mutation detection system of λgt11 DNA containing LacZ gene is proven better than that of λDNA without LacZ gene. The combination of survival, mutant frequency and sequence spectrum can not only increase the sensitivity and specificity of the new method, but also provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of mutation for ultimate extrapolation to risk assessment.展开更多
文摘Objective A highly sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography method with pre‐column derivatization with 4‐fluoro‐7‐nitrobenzofurazan was developed for determination of taurine in biological samples,including plasma,brain,and liver.Methods The optimum derivatization reaction temperature was 70℃,and at this temperature the reaction was complete within 3 min.The derivatized taurine was separated using phosphate buffer （0.02 mol/L,pH 6.0）：acetonitrile （84：16,v/v） as the mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min,and a column temperature of 25℃.The taurine derivatives were separated within 20 min （tR：14.5 min） and fluorometrically detected at 530 nm with excitation at 470 nm.Results The intra‐ and the inter‐day coefficients of variation for the method were 5.3% and 7.7%,respectively.The calibration curve was linear from 0.1 μmol/L to 30.0 μmol/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9995.Conclusion This method can be used to determine the taurine contents in plasma,brain,and liver from normal rats and human plasma.
文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain,discomfort and bloating.The pathophysiology of IBS is poorly understood,but the presence of psychosocial basis is now known.There is an increasing number of publications supporting the role of genetics in IBS.Most of the variations are found in genes associated with the brain-gut axis,revealing the strong correlation of brain-gut axis and IBS.miRNAs,which play critical roles in physiological processes,are not well studied in IBS.However,so far there is found an involvement of alterations in miRNA expression or sequence,in IBS symptoms.IBS phenotype is affected by epigenetic alteration and environment.Changes in DNA and histone methylation are observed in patients who suffered childhood trauma or abuse,resulting in altered gene expression,such as the glucocorticoid receptor gene.Finally,diet is another factor associated with IBS,which may contribute to symptom onset.Certain foods may affect on bacterial metabolism and epigenetic modifications,predisposing to IBS.
基金Supported by The Ministry of Development of the Greek Government (GGET-AKMON)
文摘AIM: To develop a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method detecting cir-culating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were collected from 88 CRC patients and 40 healthy individuals from the blood donors' clinic and subsequently analyzed by multiplex RT-RCR for the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 20 (CK20) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA. The analysis involved determining the detection rates of CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts vs disease stage and overall survival. Median follow-up period was 19 mo (range 8-28 mo). RESULTS: Rates of CEA, CK20 and EGFR detection in CRC patients were 95.5%, 78.4% and 19.3%, respectively. CEA transcripts were detected in 3 healthy volunteer samples (7.5%), whereas all control samples were tested negative for CK20 and EGFR transcripts. The increasing number of positive detections for CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts in each blood sample was positively correlated with Astler-Coller disease stage (P< 0.001) and preoperative serum levels of CEA (P=0.029) in CRC patients. Data analysis using Kaplan-Meier estimator documented signif icant differences in the overall survival of the different CRC patient groups as formed according to the increasing number of positivity for CEA, CK20 and EGFR transcripts. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that multiplex RTPCR assay can provide useful information concerning disease stage and overall survival of CRC patients.
文摘Aim： To determine the biochemical effect of di-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） on testes, liver, kidneys and pancreas on day 10 in the process of degeneration of the seminiferous epithelium. Methods： Diets containing 2% DEHP were given to male Crlj：CDI（ICR） mice for 10 days. The dose of DEHP was 0.90±0.52 mg/mouse/day. Their testes, livers, kidneys and pancreata were examined for detection of mono-（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （MEHP）, nitrogen oxides （NOx） produced by peroxidation of nitric oxide （NO） with free radicals, and lipid peroxidation induced by the chain reaction of free radicals. Results： Histological observation and serum analysis showed the presence of severe sperrnatogenic disturbance, Leydig cell dysfunction, liver dysfunction and dehydration. Unexpectedly, the concentration of MEHP in the testes was extremely low compared with that in the liver. However, the concentration of the NOx in the testes was as high as the hepatic concentration. Furthermore, free radical-induced lipid peroxidation was histochemically detected in the testes but not in the liver. Conclusion： The results indicate that DEHP-induced aspermatogenesis is caused by the high sensitivity of the testicular tissues to MEHP rather than the specific accumulation or uptake of circulating MEHP into the testes.
文摘Backgound Red cell distribution width(RDW) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR) are simple hematologic indices that have been used to predict adverse outcomes in different clinical settings. The aim of our study is to determine whether RDW and NLR can predict atrial fibrillation(AF) recurrence in patients undergoing AF ablation. Methods Consecutive patients, without known hematological disorders, who underwent AF catheter ablation between January 2014 and April 2017 were enrolled into this study. Blood samples were taken one day before and five hours after the ablation procedure. Results A total of 346 patients(224 males(65%), mean age: 59 ± 11 years old) were included. After a mean follow up of 26.2 ± 12.1 months, 80(23.1%) patients experienced late AF recurrence(defined as any recurrence after the blanking period of three months), while 97(28%) patients experienced early AF recurrence during the blanking period. Univariate analysis showed that early arrhythmia recurrence, type of AF and NLR after the procedure were significantly associated with late AF recurrence, while early arrhythmia recurrence and NLR remained significant in multivariate analysis. RDW was not associated with late AF recurrence. None of the parameters above predicted early arrhythmia recurrence. Conclusions Simple and inexpensive hematological indices such as NLR should be evaluated for their ability to predict AF recurrence in patients undergoing catheter ablation in larger prospective studies.
基金Kapodistrias,National and Kapodistrian University of Athens,No.70/3/8006(Pythagoras II,EPEAEK II,GSRT)and No.70/3/9114
文摘BACKGROUND Patients with stage II-III colorectal cancer (CRC) treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, gain a 25% survival benefit. In the context of personalized medicine, there is a need to identify patients with CRC who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Molecular profiling could guide treatment decisions in these patients. Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) gene polymorphisms, KRAS and BRAF could be included in the molecular profile under consideration. AIM To investigate the association of TYMS gene polymorphisms, KRAS and BRAF mutations with survival of CRC patients treated with chemotherapy.METHODS A retrospective study studied formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPEs) of consecutive patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy during January/2005-January/2007. FFPEs were analysed with PCR for the detection of TYMS polymorphisms, mutated KRAS (mKRAS) and BRAF (mBRAF). Patients were classified into three groups (high, medium and low risk) according to 5’UTR TYMS polymorphisms Similarly, based on 3’UTR polymorphism ins/loss of heterozygosity (LOH) patients were allocated into two groups (high and low risk of relapse, respectively). Cox regression models examined the associated 5- year survival outcomes. RESULTS One hundred and thirty patients with early stage CRC (stage I-II: 55 patients;stage III 75 patients;colon: 70 patients;rectal: 60 patients) were treated with surgery and chemotherapy. The 5-year disease free survival and overall survival rate was 61.6% and 73.9% respectively. 5’UTR polymorphisms of intermediate TYMS polymorphisms (2RG/3RG, 2RG/LOH, 3RC/LOH) were associated with lower risk for relapse [hazard ratio (HR) 0.320, P = 0.02 and HR 0.343, P = 0.013 respectively] and death (HR 0.368, P = 0.031 and HR 0.394, P = 0.029 respectively). The 3’UTR polymorphism ins/LOH was independently associated with increased risk for disease recurrence (P = 0.001) and death (P = 0.005). mBRAF (3.8% of patients) was associated with increased risk of death (HR 4.500, P = 0.022) whereas mKRAS (39% of patients) not. CONCLUSION Prospective validating studies are required to confirm whether 2RG/3RG, 2RG/LOH, 3RC/LOH, absence of ins/LOH and wild type BRAF may indicate patients at lower risk of relapse following adjuvant chemotherapy.
文摘AIM: Various side effects have been reported in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) who were treated with interferon-alpha (IFN-α), including the appearance or exacerbation of underlying autoimmune diseases and the development of a variety of organ and non-organ specific autoantibodies (NOSA). However, very few studies in adults have been strictly designed to address: whether the prevalence and the titre of organ and NOSA in serial samples of HCV-treated patients were affected by IFN-α, and the impact of these autoantibodies on the treatment outcome of HCV patients. METHODS: We investigated whether parietal cell autoantibodies (PCA) and/or NOSA were related with treatment-outcome in 57 HCV-treated patients (19 sustained-responders, 16 relapsers, 22 non-responders). Serum samples from patients were studied blindly at three time-points (entry, end of treatment and end of followup). For the detection of autoantibodies we used indirect immunofluorescence, commercial and in-house ELISAs. RESULTS: Sustained biochemical response was associated with ANA-negativity at the entry or end of follow up. Sustained virological response was associated with the absence of PCA at the entry. Combined virological and biochemical sustained response (CVBSR) was associated with the absence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) at the end of follow up and PCA-negativity at the entry. Sustained virological and CVBSR were associated with a reduction of ANA and SMA titers during therapy. CONCLUSION: Although PCA and/or NOSA seropositivity should not affect the decision to treat HCV patients, the presence of some of them such as ANA, PCA and SMA before treatment or their increase during therapy with IFN- a may predict a worse response, indicating the need for a closer monitoring during treatment of HCV patients positive for these autoantibodies.
基金supported by unrestricted grants from Gilead and MSD
文摘BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus(HCV)is a leading cause of worldwide liver-related morbidity and mortality.The World Health Organization released an integrated strategy targeting HCV-elimination by 2030.This study aims to estimate the required interventions to achieve elimination using updated information for direct-acting antiviral(DAA)treatment coverage,to compute the total costs(including indirect/societal costs)of the strategy and to identify whether the elimination strategy is cost-effective/cost-saving in Greece.AIM To estimate the required interventions and subsequent costs to achieve HCV elimination in Greece.METHODS A previously validated mathematical model was adapted to the Greek HCVinfected population to compare the outcomes of DAA treatment without the additional implementation of awareness or screening campaigns versus an HCV elimination strategy,which includes a sufficient number of treated patients.We estimated the total costs(direct and indirect costs),the disability-adjusted life years and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using two different price scenarios.RESULTS Without the implementation of awareness or screening campaigns,approximately 20000 patients would be diagnosed and treated with DAAs by2030.This strategy would result in a 19.6%increase in HCV-related mortality in2030 compared to 2015.To achieve the elimination goal,90000 patients need to be treated by 2030.Under the elimination scenario,viremic cases would decrease by78.8%in 2030 compared to 2015.The cumulative direct costs to eliminate the disease would range from 2.1-2.3 billion euros(€)by 2030,while the indirect costs would be€1.1 billion.The total elimination cost in Greece would range from€3.2-3.4 billion by 2030.The cost per averted disability-adjusted life year is estimated between€10100 and€13380,indicating that the elimination strategy is very costeffective.Furthermore,HCV elimination strategy would save€560-895 million by2035.CONCLUSION Without large screening programs,elimination of HCV cannot be achieved.The HCV elimination strategy is feasible and cost-saving despite the uncertainty of the future cost of DAAs in Greece.
文摘Objective:To identify the serological epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infections and to follow up on the changes in the infection profile in Southern Egypt in order to establish a suitable scheme for control and prevention of cryptosporidiosis.Methods:A total of 1912(960 from human and 952 from animals)stool specimens and sera were screened for Cryptosporidium species using modified Ziehl Neelsen technique and a newly-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Environmental risk factors and socioeconomic data were surveyed by questionnaire between September 2016 and December 2017.Results:Totally,20.83%of the human subjects were positive for Cryptosporidium infection tested by ELISA.The seropositivity was positively correlated with age.The prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections in females was significantly higher than in males(P<0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA for Cryptosporidium were 99.06%and 88.88%,respectively.Furthermore,a high prevalence of Cryptosporidium in domestic animals(42.20%).Conclusions:The study observed that Cryptosporidium infections are common in the study area,with water sanitation,socioeconomic level;eating habits and hygienic status are considered the main risk factors for cryptosporidiosis.Therefore,environmental sanitation and health education will be useful in reducing the prevalence of infection.
基金Supported by General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece and the European Union, PENED03ED770
文摘AIM: To assess the trends in the incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) over 23 years in the same area and to identify genetic factors related to incidence evolution. METHODS: Patients with IBD arising from North- western Greece were systematically recorded through the 1983-2005 period. Trends in disease incidence and genetic patterns related to CARD15 variants were documented and correlated. RESULTS: A total of 447 patients with IBD were recorded (23.5% Crohn’s disease, 72.7% Ulcerative colitis and 3.8% indeterminate colitis). Mean annual incidence rates of CD and UC were 0.9/100 000 (95% CI 0.1-1.7) and 2.7/100 000 (95% CI 1.7-4.1) inhabitants, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase of CD incidence (P < 0.01) during the study period, in contrast to the UC incidence. There were no statistical differences in CARD15 variants over the study period. CONCLUSION: The incidence of CD in North-western Greece has risen disproportionately to that of UC in the 21st century. This is not related to alterations of genetic background though.
文摘We evaluated whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance in elderly Japanese. A total of 2059 elderly Japanese (730 men and 1329 women), aged 60 - 79 years, were enrolled in the cross-sectional investigation study. Anthropometric parameters, whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance were measured. Whole body reaction time was significantly higher and one leg with eye closed balance was significantly lower in 70’s than those in 60’s in both sexes. Two hundred twenty seven men (31.1%) and 533 women (40.1%) were having no medications. In men, whole body reaction time was significantly higher and one leg with eye closed balance was significantly lower in subjects with medications than those in subjects without in 60’s. However, significant differences of whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance between subjects with and without medications in men with 70’s and women with 60’s and 70’s were not noted. This standard mean value may provide a useful reference database for evaluating whole body reaction time and one leg with eye closed balance in Japanese elderly subjects.
基金Supported by A research grant from Friesland Campina
文摘AIM: To examine the effect of carob-bean gum(CBG) thickened-formulas on reflux and tolerance indices in infants with gastro-esophageal reflux(GER). METHODS: Fifty-six eligible infants(1-6 mo old) were randomly allocated to receive for two weeks a formula with either 0.33 g/100 m L(Formula A) or 0.45 g/100 m L(Formula B) of cold soluble CBG galactomannans respectively, or a formula with 0.45 g/100 m L of hot soluble CBG galactomannans(Formula C). No control group receiving standard formula was included in the study. Data on the following indices were obtained both at baseline and follow-up from all study participants: 24 h esophageal p H monitoring indices, anthropometrical indices(i.e., body weight and length) and tolerance indices(i.e., frequency of colics; type and frequency ofdefecations). From the eligible infants, forty seven were included in an intention-to-treat analysis to examine the effects of the two-week trial on esophageal 24 h p H monitoring, growth and tolerance indices. Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to examine the research hypothesis.RESULTS: Regarding changes in 24 h p H monitoring indices, significant decreases from baseline to followup were observed in the "Boix Ochoa Score"(i.e., an index of esophageal acid exposure), in the total number of visible refluxes and in all symptoms related indices due to acid reflux only for infants provided with Formula A, while no significant changes were observed for infants provided with Formulas B and C. In addition, the significant decreases observed in two symptoms related p H monitoring indices(i.e., "Symptom index for reflux" and "Percentage of all reflux") for infants provided with Formula A were also found to differentiate significantly compared to the changes observed in the other two groups(P = 0.048 and P = 0.014 respectively). Concerning changes in anthropometric indices, body weight significantly increased among infants provided with Formulas A and C, but not for infants provided with Formula B. As far as tolerance indices were concerned, the numbers of total and diarrheic defecations increased significantly only in infants provided with Formula B and these changes were significantly higher compared to the decreases observed in infants fed with Formulas A and C(P = 0.003 and P = 0.015 respectively. Lastly the number of colics significantly decreased in all infants, irrespective of the tested formula. CONCLUSION: Formula A(i.e., 0.33 g/100 m L of cold galactomannans) was effective in reducing certain p Hmonitoring indices of uncomplicated GER, increased body weight and was well-tolerated by infants.
基金the Drug Innovation Major Project(No.2018ZX09711001-001-015)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2020-I2M-1-003)。
文摘The specific crystalline form of a compound remarkably affects its physicochemical properties.Therefore,a detailed analysis of the structural features and intermolecular interactions of a multi-component crystal is feasible to understand the relationships among the structure,physicochemical properties and the formation mechanism.In the present study,three novel cocrystal salt solvates of rhein and berberine were reported for the first time.Various solid characterizations and theoretical computations based on density functional theory(DFT)were carried out to demonstrate the intermolecular interactions.The theoretical computation shows that the strongest interaction existed between berberine cation and rhein anion,and the electrostatic interaction play a dominant role.However,no salt bond was observed between them.Further intrinsic dissolution rate analysis in water shows that the monohydrate exhibits 17 times enhancement in comparison with rhein.The rhein and berberine combined in ionic state in cocrystal salt is the main reason for the solubility improvement.This paper suggests that the interactions between the different components can be visualized and qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by theoretical computation,which is helpful to understand the relationship between stereochemical structure and physicochemical properties of multi-component complex.
文摘We compared the levels of ventilatory threshold (VT) between subjects with and without pro-teinuria. We used data of 402 men and 413 women who were not taking any medications, aged 20 - 77 years, in this cross-sectional in-vestigation study. Aerobic Parameters at VT i.e. oxygen uptake, work rate and heart rate, and exercise habits were evaluated, which are con-sidered to be cardio respiratory fitness. Pro-teinuria was measured by using urine strip de-vices. Forty three men (10.7%) and 29 women (7.0%) were diagnosed as having the proteinuria (± ≦). There were no significant relationships between proteinuria and exercise habits in both sexes after adjusting for age. Oxygen uptake at VT in subjects with proteinuria was significantly lower than that in subjects without proteinuria after adjusting for age in men. However, such link was not noted in women after adjusting for age (p = 0.9964). Finally, associations were at-tenuated after adjusting for age and exercise habits in both sexes. Among Japanese not tak-ing medications, proteinuria might be a modifi-able factor of VT, especially in Japanese men.
基金This study was conducted according to the declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee(Unique Regional Ethical Committee,Friuli Venezia-Giulia 16 April 2020),No.CEUR 2020-OS-072.
文摘BACKGROUND One third of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients have gastrointestinal symptoms.Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)RNA has been detected in stool samples of approximately 50%of COVID-19 individuals.Fecal calprotectin is a marker of gastrointestinal inflammation in the general population.AIM To investigate if fecal calprotectin correlates with SARS-CoV-2 intestinal shedding in COVID-19 patients with pneumonia.METHODS Patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia admitted to the Infectious Disease Unit(University Hospital of Trieste,Italy)from September to November 2020 were consecutively enrolled in the study.Fecal samples were collected and analyzed for quantification of fecal calprotectin(normal value<50 mg/kg)and SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Inter-group differences were determined between patients with and without diarrhea and patients with and without detection of fecal SARS-CoV-2.RESULTS We enrolled 51 adults(40 males)with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.Ten patients(20%)presented with diarrhea.Real-time-PCR of SARS-CoV-2 in stools was positive in 39 patients(76%),in all patients with diarrhea(100%)and in more than two thirds(29/41,71%)of patients without diarrhea.Obesity was one of the most common comorbidities(13 patients,25%);all obese patients(100%)(P=0.021)tested positive for fecal SARS-CoV-2.Median fecal calprotectin levels were 60 mg/kg[interquartile range(IQR)21;108];higher fecal calprotectin levels were found in the group with SARS-CoV-2 in stools(74 mg/kg,IQR 29;132.5)compared to the group without SARS-CoV-2(39 mg/kg,IQR 14;71)(P<0.001).CONCLUSION High fecal calprotectin levels among COVID-19 patients correlate with SARSCoV-2 detection in stools supporting the hypothesis that this virus can lead to bowel inflammation and potentially to the‘leaky gut’syndrome.
基金supported by the Young Scientists Promotion Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81703438)the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province(No.2021ZDSYS26)National Science and Technology Major Project of China(No.2018ZX09711001-001-013)+1 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2017-I2M-3-010)Student Innovation Training Program(No.201812121093)。
文摘Plastic and elastic behaviors of organic crystals have profound influence on the processability of pharmaceutical substances.Analogous to metals,the identifications of molecular slip planes in organic crystals are regarded as a strategy for harnessing plasticity.In this work,we experimentally characterized the form II anhydrous theophylline(THPa)and its monohydrate(THPm)for their distinct plastic and elastic behaviors.Extensive DFT calculations were performed to model the effects of increasing lattice strains on molecular packing.We discovered that the energy barrier associated with the strain-induced molecular rearrangement would link to the plasticity of THPa,and possibly other simple aromatic compounds.Meanwhile,water molecules in THPm disrupt the stacking architecture from THPm and effectively undermine the general mechanism for plasticity.Hydrate formation would therefore be an alternative strategy to engineer the mechanical property of organic crystalline materials.
文摘The present study was initiated to make an urban rural comparison of the prevalence of cases positive to hepatitis B and C virus (HBV and HCV, respectively) infection markers in densely populated eastern half of China. For this purpose, 10 survey sites were selected, i.e., six sites in urban areas (the city group; Beijing, Shanghai and four provincial capitals) and four sites in rural areas (the village group ; one village each in Jilin and Shandong Provinces, and two villages in Shaanxi Province). About 50 adult women per site volunteered to participate, from whom 494 valid blood samples were collected. Positivities to HBsAg (HBsAg +), anti HBs (anti HBs +) and anti HBc (anti HBc +) were examined by RIA methods, and that to anti HCV (anti HCV +) by either EIA or RIA. Those positive to any one of the three HBV infection markers were taken as HBV infection positive (HBV +). The prevalence of HBsAg +, HBV + and anti HBc + was 8%, 70% and 2.7% in the city group, and 8%, 65% and 2.0% in the village group, and no significant difference was found between the two groups. The overall prevalence was 8% for HBsAg +, 68% for HBV +, and 2.4% for anti HCV +. The results were discussed in reference to some 20 papers each on HBV + and anti HCV + prevalence in China published since 1991. The reviewing of these papers confirmed that the prevalence of HBV was high (i.e., in excess of 50%), whereas the prevalence of anti HCV was low (well below 5%), and that no substantial difference was found between the rural and urban populations.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the deltamethrin pyrethroid insecticides against Anopheles labranchiae, potential malaria vector in Tunisia.Methods: Six field populations of Anopheles labranchiae mosquitoes were collected from six localities in Northern and Central Tunisia between October and November 2016.Different bioassays were performed to estimate the level of resistance in each collected population. Two synergists were used to estimate the involvement of detoxification enzymes in insecticide resistance.Results: All studied strains were resistant and the RR50 ranged from 12.5 in sample #1 to72.5 in sample #6. Synergist tests using piperonyl butoxide indicated the involvement of monoxygenases enzymes in the recorded resistance. In contrast, the increase of deltamethrin mortality was not significant in presence of S,S,sributyl phosphorothioate(0.8 < SR < 1.2), suggesting no role of esterases(and/or GST) in the resistance phenotype. The correlation recorded between mortality due to DDT and the LC50 of deltamethrin insecticide indicated an insensitive sodium channel affected by Kdr mutation(Spearman rank correlation, r =-0.59, P < 0.01).Conclusions: These results should be considered in the current mosquitoes control programs in Tunisia. The use of pesticides and insecticides by both agricultural and public health departments in Tunisia should be more rational to reduce the development of resistance in populations. Different insecticide applications should be implemented alternately.
基金National Science Foundation of China (NS-FC:No: 3880680 No: 39670643)
文摘Objective: To establish a reformative detection system which has sound ability of providing information on molecular mutagenesis spectrum and the specificity of detection system of repackaged λ phage. Methods: LacZ gene, as mutational target gene and reporter gene, was applied into the detection system. The λ gt11 DNA treated with ENU (1-ethyl-1-nitrosourea) and 9-AA (9-aminoacridine) was repackaged in vitro. The packaged λ phage was then grown in E. coli Y1090 on a selective plate containing X-gel and IPTG. The survival and mutation frequencies were determined by counting the clear-plaque and blue-plaque, and the molecular mutation mechanism was studied by extracting and sequencing the LacZ gene of mutants. Results: The survival of repackaged λ phages treated with 9-AA and ENU apparently decreased in consistent dose-dependence. The mutation frequency of clear-plaque mutants showed a linear dose-related increase. The predominant mutations induced by 9-AA were ± 1 frameshift mutation, and 9-AA induced - 1 frameshift was much more effective than induced +1 frameshift. 9-AA also induced substitutions with transversions more common. ENU-induced mutations were chiefly occurred at G: C sites. Substitutions induced by ENU were mainly G: C→A: T, G: C→C: G and A: T→T: A transversion. Conclusion: Mutation detection system of λgt11 DNA containing LacZ gene is proven better than that of λDNA without LacZ gene. The combination of survival, mutant frequency and sequence spectrum can not only increase the sensitivity and specificity of the new method, but also provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of mutation for ultimate extrapolation to risk assessment.
