An X-band pulsed Doppler microwave radar has been used to determine the characteristics of breaking waves. Field experiments were conducted at the Shuang-Si estuary in the north of Taiwan in the winter of 2005. Analys...An X-band pulsed Doppler microwave radar has been used to determine the characteristics of breaking waves. Field experiments were conducted at the Shuang-Si estuary in the north of Taiwan in the winter of 2005. Analyses on maxima radar cross section and Doppler frequency shift are done to characterize wave breaking zones. Based on observations of breaking waves, the wave breaking zones are shown to be located at water depths of 1.8 to 2.2 m in the experimental site. In general, the results indicate that a radar system has the potential to delineate the spatial variation of breaking waves clearly and that this is sufficient to achieve a measurement operation for near-shore air-sea interaction events.展开更多
Fats and oils are a class of organic compounds called lipids and are usually a mixture of tri</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">acyl</span><span style="font-family:"&quo...Fats and oils are a class of organic compounds called lipids and are usually a mixture of tri</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">acyl</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">glycerols with their fatty acids in varying proportions. While large types of fatty acids are found in natural fats and oils, only a few of them are important to the body. Vegetable oils are an important part of an energetically balanced and healthy diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality properties of three commonly consumed oils in Ghana. The chemical properties of the three oil samples, vegetable oil (Frytol), palm kernel oil, and coconut oil were analyzed to determine the peroxide value, saponification value, free fatty acid value, iodine value and moisture content. The moisture contents of the oil samples were 0.40%, 3.33% and 0.14% for vegetable oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil respectively. Palm kernel oil recorded the highest value (11.64%) for free fatty acid and the least value of 0.17% being vegetable oil. Coconut oil recorded the least peroxide value of 0.59 mEqv·O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/kg followed by palm kernel oil (0.78 mEqv·O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/kg) and vegetable oil (0.80 mEqv·O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/kg). A high saponification value was recorded for all the oil samples with coconut oil recording the highest value of 292.12 mg/g KOH. The iodine value of the oil samples ranged from 102.59 to 237.27 mg I</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/g). The high iodine values reported in this study is an indication that these oils have a high degree of unsaturation.展开更多
Food is frequently cooked, cooled and reheated for service at a later time in schools and other foodservice operations in the United States [US]. Inadequate cooling of food has been associated with foodborne illness. ...Food is frequently cooked, cooled and reheated for service at a later time in schools and other foodservice operations in the United States [US]. Inadequate cooling of food has been associated with foodborne illness. The purpose of this study was to determine if practices commonly used in school foodservice to cool beef taco meat and steamed rice would meet US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] 2009 Food Code standards. Prepared products cooled at 5.08 cm and 7.62 cm depths in stainless steel counter pans were placed uncovered in a walk-in refrigerator, a walk-in freezer (beef taco meat only), and a walk-in refrigerator with an ice water bath. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean times and temperatures, with standard deviations. Cooling beef taco meat in a walk-in freezer at a depth of two inches and cooling steamed rice in a walk-in refrigerator at a depth of two inches with an ice water bath were the only methods that met both FDA Food Code time and temperature standards. Results suggest that challenges and risks exist with common methods used to cool food, especially if food volume is not reduced before cooling. Specific protocols for cooling procedures based on types of food and equipment are needed. These findings and recommendations are important for foodservice professionals who oversee food services and cooling practices in schools and other operations.展开更多
Background: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 recommend that Americans age two years and older consume seafood, especially fish high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, at least twice a week. Although fish...Background: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 recommend that Americans age two years and older consume seafood, especially fish high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, at least twice a week. Although fish is of particular importance during childhood to support proper brain and eye development, it is under-consumed in the US pediatric population. This study examined if substituting salmon for chicken would increase preschooler’s fish consumption. Methods: Two-to-five years old children (n = 45) were served eight lunches (four pairs of comparable chicken versus salmon dishes) twice, totaling sixteen lunches over a period of three months to test the hypothesis that children will consume fish at least once a week, thus increasing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake. The plate waste method was used to collect intake data and consumption of total energy and DHA intake in the chicken and the fish dishes were compared using contrasts within a mixed effect ANOVA (significance at P Results: Dietary intake estimates showed that there were no significant differences in energy intake when the chicken and fish dishes looked similar (macaroni-and-cheese and wraps), but when the fish dishes looked new (nuggets and dumplings), energy intake on fish days was lower than on the chicken day. DHA intake increased significantly on all days the fish was served. Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that fish intake can meet recommendations if salmon is incorporated into familiar dishes such as salad wraps or macaroni-and-cheese, in the childcare setting. Although fish is more expensive, childcare centers may serve this highly nutritious protein once a week without experiencing undue amounts of food wastes if incorporated into well-accepted main dishes. Further studies in larger and more diverse samples of children, different experimental dishes, and longer exposure periods may elucidate additional venues to increase children’s diet quality by increasing consumption of fatty fish.展开更多
A netbook, Internet-enabled and with extra portability, has been fast-growing in the domain of information technology （IT） in recent years. Compared with standardized laptops or desktop computers, a netbook＇s key f...A netbook, Internet-enabled and with extra portability, has been fast-growing in the domain of information technology （IT） in recent years. Compared with standardized laptops or desktop computers, a netbook＇s key features include a shrunken-down and lightweight laptop that is ＂easy to learn, easy to work, and easy to play＂. This research is to empirically test the influence of user perceptions of this new form of IT （usability, compatibility and relative advantage） associated with playfulness and attitude toward purchase intention. In addition, personal innovativeness of an individual plays an important role in the antecedents of such perceptions. A test of this model, two-stage approach, confirmatory factor analysis （CFA） and structural equation model （SEM） are employed to validate the casual model from among 227 usable respondents who have been using a laptop for more than two years. Results showed support for eleven of twelve research hypotheses, and one new path linking personal innovativeness with attitude toward using is found to be non-siznificant.展开更多
Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT) is the traditional herbal tea in Penghu Island, Taiwan. Recent research has shown that the active components in GT are potential inhibitors of α-glucosidase. The present study investigated ...Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT) is the traditional herbal tea in Penghu Island, Taiwan. Recent research has shown that the active components in GT are potential inhibitors of α-glucosidase. The present study investigated that whether or not GT could improve the status of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Male Wistar rats aged eight weeks were induced to be hyperglycemic by subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) and combination of high-fat diet (HFD). The animals were given GT extracts at the low dose or high dose, or the anti-diabetic drug (acarbose), in drinking water for 4 weeks. The results showed that hot water extracts from GT resulted in significantly decreases in fasting blood glucose at the 1st and 2nd weeks, fasting insulin levels at the 2nd week, 1 hour postprandial blood glucose after the starch tolerance test on Day 23 and blood glucose levels after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the 60th minute on Day 25. In addition, diabetic rats treated with GT extracts from hot water for 4 weeks displayed significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the serum, liver and kidney, serum total cholesterol, fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Overall, these results demonstrate that the hot water extracts of GT might improve the progression of diabetes and decrease oxidative stress in STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats.展开更多
Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of ...Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of the crop, its nutritional significance and the technologies that can be adopted to enhance its utilisation at its senescent stage. In West Africa, plantains are eaten at all ripening stages, yet processing is limited to the unripe and semi-ripe. Adoptable technologies such as foam-mat drying will enhance its utilisation in indigenous meals and other food applications. This review provides useful insight to optimize the use of plantain to prevent food waste.展开更多
The micronutrient compositions of stored cocoyam-based products were determined using gas chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The dried cormels and dried cocoyam leaves were pulverized with a locall...The micronutrient compositions of stored cocoyam-based products were determined using gas chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The dried cormels and dried cocoyam leaves were pulverized with a locally fabricated machine and stored in various plastic containers for 0,1,2,3 months.The data obtained were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21.Means were separated at P≤0.05 using Fisher’s Least Significant Differences.The vitamin contents(mg/100g)of achicha were as follows:cocoindia had total carotene(1.84),B1(0.071),B2(0.044),B3(0.41),C(4.14)while edeofe had vitamin E(0.84)and total carotene(1.24),B1(0.021),B2(0.013),B3(0.18),C(2.47)and E(0.57)after storage.The vitamin contents(mg/100g)of mpoto were as follows:cocoindia had B1(0.53),B2(0.31),B3(1.75),C(18.46)and E(5.28)while edeofe had total carotene(3.44μg/100g)and B1(0.26),B2(0.14),B3(1.19),C(8.61)and E(2.46),and anampu had total carotene(2.56μg/100g)after storage.The mineral composition(mg/100g)of achicha are as follows:anampu had Ca(48.78),Na(18.52),Mg(10.18),Mn(0.17)and P(19.61),Fe(2.47),Zn(2.60),I2(51.71);edeofe had P(26.27),Fe(3.66),Zn(2.91),and Ca(40.53),Na(10.67),Mg(6.29),K(285.77),Mn(0.075);and cocoindia had K(405.87)and I2(69.34)after storage.The mineral compositions of mpoto(mg/100g)are as follows:anampu had Ca(157.57),Mg(95.84),K(485.52),P(45.52),I2(90.33)and Zn(2.61);edeofe had Fe(4.87),Zn(4.52),and Ca(152.29),Na(176.54),Mg(84.77),K(325.87),P(35.53),Mn(0.25),I2(65.29)and cocoindia had Mg(95.84),Mn(0.63)and Fe(3.61)after storage.Micronutrients of the products reduced significantly(P≤0.05)during storage.Fortified Colocasia products with micronutrients will meet the required recommended dietary intake.展开更多
近十余年来,社交媒体的发展日新月异,并通过不同的渠道,以不同的形式,为我们认识、分析和解决众多社会经济问题提供了海量、丰富的数据,社交媒体分析学（social media analytics）由此应运而生。社交媒体分析学主要通过采集各种类型的...近十余年来,社交媒体的发展日新月异,并通过不同的渠道,以不同的形式,为我们认识、分析和解决众多社会经济问题提供了海量、丰富的数据,社交媒体分析学（social media analytics）由此应运而生。社交媒体分析学主要通过采集各种类型的社交媒体数据,使用文本分析、数据挖掘、机器学习及计量统计等方法,来发现、描述并解释基于传统数据和方法不易发现和认识的规律。展开更多
This paper aims to explore food safety traceability in the onboard food and beverage operations on cruise ships through a case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with galley and foodservice staf...This paper aims to explore food safety traceability in the onboard food and beverage operations on cruise ships through a case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with galley and foodservice staff. Additionally, a self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to logistics managers and employees of three Egyptian cruise companies. Results indicated that cruise ships in this study use paper-based and manually-entered (electronically stored) data traceability systems. Managing food safety by effective product recall, complying with legislation, and improving product quality are among the most important perceived benefits identified by foodservice staff. Maintaining a good reputation, ensuring food safety, reducing foodborne illnesses, suppliers' commitment to quality specifications, and maintaining vip confidence are considered the most important benefits from implementing a food traceability system. The results also depicted that the challenges managers face implementing or improving a food traceability system included high cost, absence of unified traceability standards between cruise companies and food suppliers, shortage of skilled staff, and lack of knowledge and satisfaction with current foodservice operation systems onboard cruise ships. Other findings elucidated that the critical success factors for implementing traceability included strict food traceability legislation, ensuring the adequacy and correctness of traceability information, adopting a food traceability system by the cruise company management, the standardization of food traceability information identification, and technology support for food traceability systems implementation from government. Other factors were reported of less importance. This research concluded the urgent need for more cooperation between cruise companies, food suppliers, and relevant governmental authorities to adopt food traceability systems and the need of authorizing and setting compulsory standards and regulations.展开更多
New fractional operators, the COVID-19 model has been studied in this paper. By using different numericaltechniques and the time fractional parameters, the mechanical characteristics of the fractional order model arei...New fractional operators, the COVID-19 model has been studied in this paper. By using different numericaltechniques and the time fractional parameters, the mechanical characteristics of the fractional order model areidentified. The uniqueness and existence have been established. Themodel’sUlam-Hyers stability analysis has beenfound. In order to justify the theoretical results, numerical simulations are carried out for the presented methodin the range of fractional order to show the implications of fractional and fractal orders.We applied very effectivenumerical techniques to obtain the solutions of themodel and simulations. Also, we present conditions of existencefor a solution to the proposed epidemicmodel and to calculate the reproduction number in certain state conditionsof the analyzed dynamic system. COVID-19 fractional order model for the case of Wuhan, China, is offered foranalysis with simulations in order to determine the possible efficacy of Coronavirus disease transmission in theCommunity. For this reason, we employed the COVID-19 fractal fractional derivative model in the example ofWuhan, China, with the given beginning conditions. In conclusion, again the mathematical models with fractionaloperators can facilitate the improvement of decision-making for measures to be taken in the management of anepidemic situation.展开更多
This study introduces a novel framework to dissect and understand tourists'cultural perceptions within river basins.The framework consists of two complementary parts:first,it develops a multi-dimensional system to...This study introduces a novel framework to dissect and understand tourists'cultural perceptions within river basins.The framework consists of two complementary parts:first,it develops a multi-dimensional system to identify cultural perceptions through textual analysis;second,it uses advanced methods like deep learning and spatial clustering to analyze and compare these perceptions across different cities and regions.The findings from the Yellow River Basin reveal six key dimensions of cultural perception:historical,architectural,folklore,food,reli-gious,and leisure.The basin exhibits three distinct cultural patterns:an upstream polycentric network,a central‘cultural circle’around Xi’an,and a city-to-city pattern downstream.Furthermore,the basin is categorized into ten unique cultural perception regions,each highlighting diverse tourist perceptions.This framework not only offers a methodological beacon for future regional tourism studies but also equips managers with strategic insights to en-hance the quality and cooperation in river basin tourism development.展开更多
One of the most common traditional fermented food products consumed by all class of people in Southern part of Nigeria is Ogi.Ogi is a gurel made from different types of cereal ranging from maize,sorghum,millet among ...One of the most common traditional fermented food products consumed by all class of people in Southern part of Nigeria is Ogi.Ogi is a gurel made from different types of cereal ranging from maize,sorghum,millet among others.Hence,this study was aimed to evaluate nutrient,phytochemicals,functional properties,and glycemic index of Ogi produced from different grains.Grains such as yellow maize(YM),white maize(WM),popcorn maize(PC),red sorghum(RS),white sorghum(WS)and finger millet(FM)were processed into Ogi samples,packaged in airtight container prior to analysis and stored at–20℃.Proximate results showed that Ogi sample produced from PC significantly contained the highest protein content followed by sample YM.Potassium was observed to be the most abundant mineral elements in Ogi(14.50–19.10 mg/100 g).The phytochemical composition(mg/g)of the experimental samples ranged from 0.34–1.62,53.82–177.09,0.00–0.10,3.71–69.22 and 2.08–6.08 mg/g in oxalate,saponin,flavonoid,phytate and tannin,respectively.The glycemic index ranged 48.83%in YM to 50.71%in WS,while the glycemic load ranged 31.96%in YM to 37.82%in WS,respectively.The result revealed that Ogi samples,especially YM was high in calcium,Ca/P ratio,iron,zinc but low in phytate and tannin content.Sample YM also exhibit lower glycemic index,when compared with other Ogi samples.Hence,YM may be a better grain for the production of Ogi samples.展开更多
Persistent consumption of heavily fried and breaded foods over an extended period may have the potential to contribute to the development of cardiovascular,cerebrovascular diseases,and elevated blood pressure.The pote...Persistent consumption of heavily fried and breaded foods over an extended period may have the potential to contribute to the development of cardiovascular,cerebrovascular diseases,and elevated blood pressure.The potential of coating using native starches(cassava,sweet potato,and corn)in batter formulation to reduce oil uptake as well as their effects on other quality attributes(moisture,colour and textural properties)were investigated.The chicken nuggets coated with batter from different starches were fried at 170℃ for 5 to 25 min.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to study changes in microstructural properties of fried chicken nuggets samples at different time intervals.The chicken nuggets coated with batter from sweet potato starch had lower oil(13.09%)and moisture(30.49%)contents compared with those coated with other starches.The SEM revealed that longer frying duration produced chicken nuggets with fewer gas cells and pores and subsequently lower oil content.There are changes in the colour and textural properties of the fried chicken nuggets irrespective of the starches used in batter formulation.Application of starches in batter formulation at different frying time affected some quality attributes of fried chicken nuggets with sweet potato starch having better attributes when compared with others.展开更多
Long-term flood risk adaptation and decision making are complex because the future is full of deep uncertainties.Flexibility and robustness can be used to deal with future uncertainty.This study developed an integrate...Long-term flood risk adaptation and decision making are complex because the future is full of deep uncertainties.Flexibility and robustness can be used to deal with future uncertainty.This study developed an integrated modeling framework that extends previous studies to the spatial domain to assess the future flood risks and the cost and benefit of three adaptation measures for four types of buildings in Shanghai.Real options analysis(ROA)and dynamic adaptive policy pathways(DAPP)were integrated to develop a dynamic adaptation pathway and identify robust adaptation options.The results show that:(1)Sea level rise and land subsidence will significantly exacerbate the flood risks in Shanghai;(2)Among the three flood control measures,wet-floodproofing has the best economic performance in terms of both the net present value and the benefit/cost ratio,followed by dry-floodproofing,and elevation;(3)Dryfloodproofing can be used at the beginning of the future period(2030–2100),and it can be replaced by wet-floodproofing in 2035–2042;the elevation measure also shows good performance at the beginning of implementation,but its performance will decline after 2041–2045;(4)The combined strategy of dry-and wet-floodproofing in 2044–2046and a hybrid strategy combining the three measures should be the optimal solution for reducing the flood risks in 2047–2051.The methodology developed in this study can provide insights for coastal cities to formulate cost-effective and feasible adaptation strategies in a deeply uncertain future.展开更多
文摘An X-band pulsed Doppler microwave radar has been used to determine the characteristics of breaking waves. Field experiments were conducted at the Shuang-Si estuary in the north of Taiwan in the winter of 2005. Analyses on maxima radar cross section and Doppler frequency shift are done to characterize wave breaking zones. Based on observations of breaking waves, the wave breaking zones are shown to be located at water depths of 1.8 to 2.2 m in the experimental site. In general, the results indicate that a radar system has the potential to delineate the spatial variation of breaking waves clearly and that this is sufficient to achieve a measurement operation for near-shore air-sea interaction events.
文摘Fats and oils are a class of organic compounds called lipids and are usually a mixture of tri</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">acyl</span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">glycerols with their fatty acids in varying proportions. While large types of fatty acids are found in natural fats and oils, only a few of them are important to the body. Vegetable oils are an important part of an energetically balanced and healthy diet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality properties of three commonly consumed oils in Ghana. The chemical properties of the three oil samples, vegetable oil (Frytol), palm kernel oil, and coconut oil were analyzed to determine the peroxide value, saponification value, free fatty acid value, iodine value and moisture content. The moisture contents of the oil samples were 0.40%, 3.33% and 0.14% for vegetable oil, palm kernel oil and coconut oil respectively. Palm kernel oil recorded the highest value (11.64%) for free fatty acid and the least value of 0.17% being vegetable oil. Coconut oil recorded the least peroxide value of 0.59 mEqv·O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/kg followed by palm kernel oil (0.78 mEqv·O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/kg) and vegetable oil (0.80 mEqv·O</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/kg). A high saponification value was recorded for all the oil samples with coconut oil recording the highest value of 292.12 mg/g KOH. The iodine value of the oil samples ranged from 102.59 to 237.27 mg I</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">/g). The high iodine values reported in this study is an indication that these oils have a high degree of unsaturation.
文摘Food is frequently cooked, cooled and reheated for service at a later time in schools and other foodservice operations in the United States [US]. Inadequate cooling of food has been associated with foodborne illness. The purpose of this study was to determine if practices commonly used in school foodservice to cool beef taco meat and steamed rice would meet US Food and Drug Administration [FDA] 2009 Food Code standards. Prepared products cooled at 5.08 cm and 7.62 cm depths in stainless steel counter pans were placed uncovered in a walk-in refrigerator, a walk-in freezer (beef taco meat only), and a walk-in refrigerator with an ice water bath. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including mean times and temperatures, with standard deviations. Cooling beef taco meat in a walk-in freezer at a depth of two inches and cooling steamed rice in a walk-in refrigerator at a depth of two inches with an ice water bath were the only methods that met both FDA Food Code time and temperature standards. Results suggest that challenges and risks exist with common methods used to cool food, especially if food volume is not reduced before cooling. Specific protocols for cooling procedures based on types of food and equipment are needed. These findings and recommendations are important for foodservice professionals who oversee food services and cooling practices in schools and other operations.
文摘Background: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 recommend that Americans age two years and older consume seafood, especially fish high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, at least twice a week. Although fish is of particular importance during childhood to support proper brain and eye development, it is under-consumed in the US pediatric population. This study examined if substituting salmon for chicken would increase preschooler’s fish consumption. Methods: Two-to-five years old children (n = 45) were served eight lunches (four pairs of comparable chicken versus salmon dishes) twice, totaling sixteen lunches over a period of three months to test the hypothesis that children will consume fish at least once a week, thus increasing docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake. The plate waste method was used to collect intake data and consumption of total energy and DHA intake in the chicken and the fish dishes were compared using contrasts within a mixed effect ANOVA (significance at P Results: Dietary intake estimates showed that there were no significant differences in energy intake when the chicken and fish dishes looked similar (macaroni-and-cheese and wraps), but when the fish dishes looked new (nuggets and dumplings), energy intake on fish days was lower than on the chicken day. DHA intake increased significantly on all days the fish was served. Conclusions: This pilot study indicates that fish intake can meet recommendations if salmon is incorporated into familiar dishes such as salad wraps or macaroni-and-cheese, in the childcare setting. Although fish is more expensive, childcare centers may serve this highly nutritious protein once a week without experiencing undue amounts of food wastes if incorporated into well-accepted main dishes. Further studies in larger and more diverse samples of children, different experimental dishes, and longer exposure periods may elucidate additional venues to increase children’s diet quality by increasing consumption of fatty fish.
文摘A netbook, Internet-enabled and with extra portability, has been fast-growing in the domain of information technology （IT） in recent years. Compared with standardized laptops or desktop computers, a netbook＇s key features include a shrunken-down and lightweight laptop that is ＂easy to learn, easy to work, and easy to play＂. This research is to empirically test the influence of user perceptions of this new form of IT （usability, compatibility and relative advantage） associated with playfulness and attitude toward purchase intention. In addition, personal innovativeness of an individual plays an important role in the antecedents of such perceptions. A test of this model, two-stage approach, confirmatory factor analysis （CFA） and structural equation model （SEM） are employed to validate the casual model from among 227 usable respondents who have been using a laptop for more than two years. Results showed support for eleven of twelve research hypotheses, and one new path linking personal innovativeness with attitude toward using is found to be non-siznificant.
文摘Glossogyne tenuifolia (GT) is the traditional herbal tea in Penghu Island, Taiwan. Recent research has shown that the active components in GT are potential inhibitors of α-glucosidase. The present study investigated that whether or not GT could improve the status of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Male Wistar rats aged eight weeks were induced to be hyperglycemic by subcutaneous injection of streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) and combination of high-fat diet (HFD). The animals were given GT extracts at the low dose or high dose, or the anti-diabetic drug (acarbose), in drinking water for 4 weeks. The results showed that hot water extracts from GT resulted in significantly decreases in fasting blood glucose at the 1st and 2nd weeks, fasting insulin levels at the 2nd week, 1 hour postprandial blood glucose after the starch tolerance test on Day 23 and blood glucose levels after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the 60th minute on Day 25. In addition, diabetic rats treated with GT extracts from hot water for 4 weeks displayed significantly decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the serum, liver and kidney, serum total cholesterol, fasting insulin levels and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Overall, these results demonstrate that the hot water extracts of GT might improve the progression of diabetes and decrease oxidative stress in STZ-NA-induced diabetic rats.
文摘Plantain is a food security crop of significant nutritional value in the global south. Yet there are significant post-harvest losses, especially at the senescent stage. This review seeks to give a general overview of the crop, its nutritional significance and the technologies that can be adopted to enhance its utilisation at its senescent stage. In West Africa, plantains are eaten at all ripening stages, yet processing is limited to the unripe and semi-ripe. Adoptable technologies such as foam-mat drying will enhance its utilisation in indigenous meals and other food applications. This review provides useful insight to optimize the use of plantain to prevent food waste.
文摘The micronutrient compositions of stored cocoyam-based products were determined using gas chromatography and atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The dried cormels and dried cocoyam leaves were pulverized with a locally fabricated machine and stored in various plastic containers for 0,1,2,3 months.The data obtained were analyzed statistically using SPSS version 21.Means were separated at P≤0.05 using Fisher’s Least Significant Differences.The vitamin contents(mg/100g)of achicha were as follows:cocoindia had total carotene(1.84),B1(0.071),B2(0.044),B3(0.41),C(4.14)while edeofe had vitamin E(0.84)and total carotene(1.24),B1(0.021),B2(0.013),B3(0.18),C(2.47)and E(0.57)after storage.The vitamin contents(mg/100g)of mpoto were as follows:cocoindia had B1(0.53),B2(0.31),B3(1.75),C(18.46)and E(5.28)while edeofe had total carotene(3.44μg/100g)and B1(0.26),B2(0.14),B3(1.19),C(8.61)and E(2.46),and anampu had total carotene(2.56μg/100g)after storage.The mineral composition(mg/100g)of achicha are as follows:anampu had Ca(48.78),Na(18.52),Mg(10.18),Mn(0.17)and P(19.61),Fe(2.47),Zn(2.60),I2(51.71);edeofe had P(26.27),Fe(3.66),Zn(2.91),and Ca(40.53),Na(10.67),Mg(6.29),K(285.77),Mn(0.075);and cocoindia had K(405.87)and I2(69.34)after storage.The mineral compositions of mpoto(mg/100g)are as follows:anampu had Ca(157.57),Mg(95.84),K(485.52),P(45.52),I2(90.33)and Zn(2.61);edeofe had Fe(4.87),Zn(4.52),and Ca(152.29),Na(176.54),Mg(84.77),K(325.87),P(35.53),Mn(0.25),I2(65.29)and cocoindia had Mg(95.84),Mn(0.63)and Fe(3.61)after storage.Micronutrients of the products reduced significantly(P≤0.05)during storage.Fortified Colocasia products with micronutrients will meet the required recommended dietary intake.
文摘近十余年来,社交媒体的发展日新月异,并通过不同的渠道,以不同的形式,为我们认识、分析和解决众多社会经济问题提供了海量、丰富的数据,社交媒体分析学（social media analytics）由此应运而生。社交媒体分析学主要通过采集各种类型的社交媒体数据,使用文本分析、数据挖掘、机器学习及计量统计等方法,来发现、描述并解释基于传统数据和方法不易发现和认识的规律。
文摘This paper aims to explore food safety traceability in the onboard food and beverage operations on cruise ships through a case study approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with galley and foodservice staff. Additionally, a self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to logistics managers and employees of three Egyptian cruise companies. Results indicated that cruise ships in this study use paper-based and manually-entered (electronically stored) data traceability systems. Managing food safety by effective product recall, complying with legislation, and improving product quality are among the most important perceived benefits identified by foodservice staff. Maintaining a good reputation, ensuring food safety, reducing foodborne illnesses, suppliers' commitment to quality specifications, and maintaining vip confidence are considered the most important benefits from implementing a food traceability system. The results also depicted that the challenges managers face implementing or improving a food traceability system included high cost, absence of unified traceability standards between cruise companies and food suppliers, shortage of skilled staff, and lack of knowledge and satisfaction with current foodservice operation systems onboard cruise ships. Other findings elucidated that the critical success factors for implementing traceability included strict food traceability legislation, ensuring the adequacy and correctness of traceability information, adopting a food traceability system by the cruise company management, the standardization of food traceability information identification, and technology support for food traceability systems implementation from government. Other factors were reported of less importance. This research concluded the urgent need for more cooperation between cruise companies, food suppliers, and relevant governmental authorities to adopt food traceability systems and the need of authorizing and setting compulsory standards and regulations.
基金Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu&Hasso Plattner Foundation Research Grants LBUS-IRG-2020-06.
文摘New fractional operators, the COVID-19 model has been studied in this paper. By using different numericaltechniques and the time fractional parameters, the mechanical characteristics of the fractional order model areidentified. The uniqueness and existence have been established. Themodel’sUlam-Hyers stability analysis has beenfound. In order to justify the theoretical results, numerical simulations are carried out for the presented methodin the range of fractional order to show the implications of fractional and fractal orders.We applied very effectivenumerical techniques to obtain the solutions of themodel and simulations. Also, we present conditions of existencefor a solution to the proposed epidemicmodel and to calculate the reproduction number in certain state conditionsof the analyzed dynamic system. COVID-19 fractional order model for the case of Wuhan, China, is offered foranalysis with simulations in order to determine the possible efficacy of Coronavirus disease transmission in theCommunity. For this reason, we employed the COVID-19 fractal fractional derivative model in the example ofWuhan, China, with the given beginning conditions. In conclusion, again the mathematical models with fractionaloperators can facilitate the improvement of decision-making for measures to be taken in the management of anepidemic situation.
基金The National Social Science Fund of China(24BGL137)The Beijing Municipal Commission of Education(SM202010031004)。
文摘This study introduces a novel framework to dissect and understand tourists'cultural perceptions within river basins.The framework consists of two complementary parts:first,it develops a multi-dimensional system to identify cultural perceptions through textual analysis;second,it uses advanced methods like deep learning and spatial clustering to analyze and compare these perceptions across different cities and regions.The findings from the Yellow River Basin reveal six key dimensions of cultural perception:historical,architectural,folklore,food,reli-gious,and leisure.The basin exhibits three distinct cultural patterns:an upstream polycentric network,a central‘cultural circle’around Xi’an,and a city-to-city pattern downstream.Furthermore,the basin is categorized into ten unique cultural perception regions,each highlighting diverse tourist perceptions.This framework not only offers a methodological beacon for future regional tourism studies but also equips managers with strategic insights to en-hance the quality and cooperation in river basin tourism development.
文摘One of the most common traditional fermented food products consumed by all class of people in Southern part of Nigeria is Ogi.Ogi is a gurel made from different types of cereal ranging from maize,sorghum,millet among others.Hence,this study was aimed to evaluate nutrient,phytochemicals,functional properties,and glycemic index of Ogi produced from different grains.Grains such as yellow maize(YM),white maize(WM),popcorn maize(PC),red sorghum(RS),white sorghum(WS)and finger millet(FM)were processed into Ogi samples,packaged in airtight container prior to analysis and stored at–20℃.Proximate results showed that Ogi sample produced from PC significantly contained the highest protein content followed by sample YM.Potassium was observed to be the most abundant mineral elements in Ogi(14.50–19.10 mg/100 g).The phytochemical composition(mg/g)of the experimental samples ranged from 0.34–1.62,53.82–177.09,0.00–0.10,3.71–69.22 and 2.08–6.08 mg/g in oxalate,saponin,flavonoid,phytate and tannin,respectively.The glycemic index ranged 48.83%in YM to 50.71%in WS,while the glycemic load ranged 31.96%in YM to 37.82%in WS,respectively.The result revealed that Ogi samples,especially YM was high in calcium,Ca/P ratio,iron,zinc but low in phytate and tannin content.Sample YM also exhibit lower glycemic index,when compared with other Ogi samples.Hence,YM may be a better grain for the production of Ogi samples.
文摘Persistent consumption of heavily fried and breaded foods over an extended period may have the potential to contribute to the development of cardiovascular,cerebrovascular diseases,and elevated blood pressure.The potential of coating using native starches(cassava,sweet potato,and corn)in batter formulation to reduce oil uptake as well as their effects on other quality attributes(moisture,colour and textural properties)were investigated.The chicken nuggets coated with batter from different starches were fried at 170℃ for 5 to 25 min.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)was used to study changes in microstructural properties of fried chicken nuggets samples at different time intervals.The chicken nuggets coated with batter from sweet potato starch had lower oil(13.09%)and moisture(30.49%)contents compared with those coated with other starches.The SEM revealed that longer frying duration produced chicken nuggets with fewer gas cells and pores and subsequently lower oil content.There are changes in the colour and textural properties of the fried chicken nuggets irrespective of the starches used in batter formulation.Application of starches in batter formulation at different frying time affected some quality attributes of fried chicken nuggets with sweet potato starch having better attributes when compared with others.
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFC1508803)the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 18ZDA105)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41971199, 42171080, 42001182)the Shanghai Science and Technology Support Program (Grant No. 19DZ1201505)
文摘Long-term flood risk adaptation and decision making are complex because the future is full of deep uncertainties.Flexibility and robustness can be used to deal with future uncertainty.This study developed an integrated modeling framework that extends previous studies to the spatial domain to assess the future flood risks and the cost and benefit of three adaptation measures for four types of buildings in Shanghai.Real options analysis(ROA)and dynamic adaptive policy pathways(DAPP)were integrated to develop a dynamic adaptation pathway and identify robust adaptation options.The results show that:(1)Sea level rise and land subsidence will significantly exacerbate the flood risks in Shanghai;(2)Among the three flood control measures,wet-floodproofing has the best economic performance in terms of both the net present value and the benefit/cost ratio,followed by dry-floodproofing,and elevation;(3)Dryfloodproofing can be used at the beginning of the future period(2030–2100),and it can be replaced by wet-floodproofing in 2035–2042;the elevation measure also shows good performance at the beginning of implementation,but its performance will decline after 2041–2045;(4)The combined strategy of dry-and wet-floodproofing in 2044–2046and a hybrid strategy combining the three measures should be the optimal solution for reducing the flood risks in 2047–2051.The methodology developed in this study can provide insights for coastal cities to formulate cost-effective and feasible adaptation strategies in a deeply uncertain future.
